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Nagarajan L, Saravanan P, Kumaraguru K, Joo SW, Vasseghian Y, Rajeshkannan R, Rajasimman M. Synthesis of magnesium nanocomposites decked with multilayer graphene (MG) and its application for the adsorptive removal of pollutant. Chemosphere 2022; 298:134121. [PMID: 35271899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fossil fuel burning is the exclusive of key causes for greenhouse fume Carbon dioxide (CO2). Magnesium nanocomposites synthesized in combination with graphene were characterized and their performance in adsorbing CO2 is validated. The novelty of this work is the use of magnesium oxide decked MG to capture CO2. The magnesium nanocomposites decked with multilayer graphene (MG) were prepared using a simple combustion process. BET surface area of 1480 m2g-1 makes it desirable for adsorbing CO2 molecules. FTIR analysis after adsorption of CO2 shows peak mid position at 3470.45 cm-1, 1300-1000 cm-1, 1603 cm-1, and 1114.30 cm-1 corresponding to the functional groups R-C-O, R-OH, R-COOH, -alkyne, Si-O-Si, and R-C-O-H shifted, signifying that chemisorption has taken place. The effect of many experimental parameters like adsorbent mass, period, and concentration of CO2 was optimized during the experiments. A maximum of 92.2% of CO2 was adsorbed at a concentration of 5 × 10- 4 M at the optimum contact of 70 min. During the experiment, the saturation point was attained at 70 min. Experiment results were best fitting to Langmuir adsorption isotherm; the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MG was 7.067 × 10-3 mol/g/min. The kinetics of CO2 on MG was labeled by Pseudo-second-order and R2 value nearly 0.988.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Ram Engineering College, Perumalpattu, India
| | - Panchamoorthy Saravanan
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering- BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - K Kumaraguru
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering- BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
| | - R Rajeshkannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Annam Renita A, Sathish S, Aravind Kumar J, Nagarajan L, Sakthi Kumaran SJ, Sangeeth S. Surface treated Phoenix sylvestris for bioadsorption of oil from aqueous solution: Isotherms and kinetic studies. Environ Res 2022; 209:112836. [PMID: 35104483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is a versatile technique of removing the oil spill - one of the major toxicants that causes water pollution, which threatens the ecological balance of the aquatic ecosystem. The proposed research aims in developing a viable adsorbent from discarded agricultural waste, Phoenix sylvestris, which was surface altered, assessed and utilised as a biosorbent for the effective removal of diesel from aqueous solution in batch adsorption trials. Waste palm leaves, Phoenix sylvestris (RPS)was physically (PMPS) and chemically modified (CMPS) to adsorb diesel in the emulsion. The synthesised materials were characterised by FTIR, SEM, and EDS, confirming a well-defined microporous structure consisting of ionisable groups. The studies indicated optimised conditions of 10 g, 4.5 g and 2 g of RPS, PMPS and CMPS respectively at 303K for an optimised adsorption time of 60 min. Freundlich isotherm agreed well with experimental data, and the kinetic mechanism claimed better results with RPS, PMPS and CMPS for Pseudo first-order model. The adsorbents could be reused five times without much loss of efficiency. From the performed studies, it can be inferred that good adsorption capacities at optimised conditions followed the order of CMPS > PMPS > RPS. Thermodynamic analysis proved the feasibility of such biosorption with exothermic nature predicting spontaneous attraction of oil components to the surface of PMPS and CMPS. Moreover, the density of the CMPS layer rendered proven results for such biosorption displaying a hyperbolic dependency assuring its efficacy. Hence, it can be concluded that the prepared adsorbent from Phoenix sylvestris, an agricultural waste, possess good adsorptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sriram Engineering College, Chennai, 602024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S J Sakthi Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sangeeth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wong K, Glasson EJ, Jacoby P, Srasuebkul P, Forbes D, Ravikumara M, Wilson A, Bourke J, Trollor J, Leonard H, Nagarajan L, Downs J. Survival of children and adolescents with intellectual disability following gastrostomy insertion. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:497-511. [PMID: 32319159 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive health outcomes have been observed following gastrostomy insertion in children with intellectual disability, which is being increasingly used at younger ages to improve nutritional intake. This study investigated the effect of gastrostomy insertion on survival of children with severe intellectual disability. METHODS We used linked disability and health data of children and adolescents who were born in Western Australia between 1983 and 2009 to compare survival of individuals with severe intellectual disability by exposure to gastrostomy status. For those born in 2000-2009, we employed propensity score matching to adjust for confounding by indication. Effect of gastrostomy insertion on survival was compared by pertinent health and sociodemographic risk factors. RESULTS Compared with children born in the 1980s-1990s, probability of survival following first gastrostomy insertion for those born in 2000-2009 was higher (2 years: 94% vs. 83%). Mortality risk was higher in cases than that in their matched controls (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 7.3). The relative risk of mortality (gastrostomy vs. non-gastrostomy) may have differed by sex, birthweight and time at first gastrostomy insertion. Respiratory conditions were a common immediate or underlying cause of death among all children, particularly among those undergoing gastrostomy insertion. CONCLUSIONS Whilst gastrostomy insertion was associated with lower survival rates than children without gastrostomy, survival improved with time, and gastrostomy afforded some protection for the more vulnerable groups, and earlier use appears beneficial to survival. Specific clinical data that may be used to prioritise the need for gastrostomy insertion may be responsible for the survival differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wong
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - E J Glasson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Jacoby
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P Srasuebkul
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Forbes
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Ravikumara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Wilson
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Bourke
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Trollor
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L Nagarajan
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Children's Neuroscience Service, Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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William BJ, Bharathidasan M, Thirumurugan R, Arunprasad A, Kananan TA, George RS, Nagarajan L, Ramani C. Three finger palpation technique of vas deferens for keyhole vasectomy in spotted (Axis axis) and sambar deer (Cervus unicolor). Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.685-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Nagarajan L, Li J, Wang Y, Liang H, Klumpp S, Estrov Z, Clise-Dwyer K, Brandt S, Davis R, Amin H. P-226 A role for transcriptional adaptor SSBP2 in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and stress response. Leuk Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Amalorpava Mary L, Senthilram T, Suganya S, Nagarajan L, Venugopal J, Ramakrishna S, Giri Dev VR. Centrifugal spun ultrafine fibrous web as a potential drug delivery vehicle. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kava M, Walsh P, Berroya A, Halstead Y, Srinivasjois R, Lewis B, Cole C, Baker D, Nagarajan L. G.P.94 Incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy in children on vincristine – Do vitamin E levels change during treatment? Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Nagarajan L, Li J, Wang Y, Liang H, Amin H, Klumpp S, Brandt S. 265 Impaired hematopoietic stem cell function in Ssbp2 null mice: A possible role in 5q MDS. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some associations between antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and fracture risk have been reported in the general population. This study investigated the relationships between fracture risk and commonly used AEDs in Rett syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with intellectual and physical disability. STUDY DESIGN Cases (n=233) were sourced from the population-based Australian Rett Syndrome Database and longitudinal data were used. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse relationships between fracture and prescribed AEDs, mobility, epilepsy diagnosis and genotype. RESULTS After controlling for mobility, epilepsy diagnosis and genotype, use of valproate increased the risk of fracture threefold after at least 1 year (HR 3.56; 95% CI 1.85 to 6.82) and after 2 or more years (HR 3.02; 95% CI 1.90 to 4.80). There was a lesser increased risk (HR 1.99; 95% CI 0.99 to 4.02) with lamotrigine in the first year of use but not for subsequent years of use. Carbamazepine slightly decreased the risk (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.02) after 2 or more years of use. CONCLUSIONS The effect of valproate on bone health should be considered when managing epilepsy in Rett syndrome. Multiple mechanisms could be contributing to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leonard
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia.
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Wang Y, Klumpp S, Amin HM, Liang H, Li J, Estrov Z, Zweidler-McKay P, Brandt SJ, Agulnick A, Nagarajan L. SSBP2 is an in vivo tumor suppressor and regulator of LDB1 stability. Oncogene 2010; 29:3044-53. [PMID: 20348955 PMCID: PMC2878399 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SSBP proteins bind and stabilize transcriptional cofactor Lim Domain Binding protein1 (LDB1) from proteosomal degradation to promote tissue specific transcription through an evolutionarily conserved pathway. The human SSBP2 gene was isolated as a candidate tumor suppressor from a critical region of loss in chromosome 5q14.1. By gene targeting, we demonstrate increased predisposition to B cell lymphomas and carcinomas in Ssbp2−/− mice. Remarkably, loss of Ssbp2 causes increased LDB1 turnover in the thymus, a pathway exploited in Trp53−/−Ssbp2−/− mice to develop highly aggressive, immature thymic lymphomas. Using T cell differentiation as a model, we report a stage specific up regulation of Ssbp2 expression which in turn regulates LDB1 turnover under physiological conditions. Furthermore, transcript levels of pTα, a target of LDB1 containing complex, and a critical regulator T cell differentiation is reduced in Ssbp2−/− immature thymocytes. Our findings suggest disruption of the SSBP2 regulated pathways may be an infrequent but critical step in malignant transformation of multiple tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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van Kogelenberg M, Ghedia S, McGillivray G, Bruno D, Leventer R, Macdermot K, Nelson J, Nagarajan L, Veltman JA, de Brouwer AP, McKinlay Gardner RJ, van Bokhoven H, Kirk EP, Robertson SP. Periventricular heterotopia in common microdeletion syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2010; 1:35-41. [PMID: 20648244 DOI: 10.1159/000274491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periventricular heterotopia (PH) is a brain malformation characterised by heterotopic nodules of neurons lining the walls of the cerebral ventricles. Mutations in FLNA account for 20-24% of instances but a majority have no identifiable genetic aetiology. Often the co-occurrence of PH with a chromosomal anomaly is used to infer a new locus for a Mendelian form of PH. This study reports four PH patients with three different microdeletion syndromes, each characterised by high-resolution genomic microarray. In three patients the deletions at 1p36 and 22q11 are conventional in size, whilst a fourth child had a deletion at 7q11.23 that was larger in extent than is typically seen in Williams syndrome. Although some instances of PH associated with chromosomal deletions could be attributed to the unmasking of a recessive allele or be indicative of more prevalent subclinical migrational anomalies, the rarity of PH in these three microdeletion syndromes and the description of other non-recurrent chromosomal defects do suggest that PH may be a manifestation of multiple different forms of chromosomal imbalance. In many, but possibly not all, instances the co-occurrence of PH with a chromosomal deletion is not necessarily indicative of uncharacterised underlying monogenic loci for this particular neuronal migrational anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Kogelenberg
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ghosh S, Nagarajan L, Bulsara M, Davis EA, Carne CL, Jones TW. 56. Effects of hypoglycaemia on the brain in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Changes in EEG and Quantitative EEG. J Clin Neurosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fleisig HB, Orazio NI, Liang H, Tyler AF, Adams HP, Weitzman MD, Nagarajan L. Adenoviral E1B55K oncoprotein sequesters candidate leukemia suppressor sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein 2 into aggresomes. Oncogene 2007; 26:4797-805. [PMID: 17311003 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is a candidate tumor suppressor for human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Inducible expression of SSBP2 causes growth arrest and partial differentiation in AML cells. Here, we report that the adenoviral oncoprotein E1B55K directly binds to endogenous SSBP2 protein and sequesters it into juxtanuclear bodies in adenovirally transformed human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Similarly, transient expression of E1B55K in IMR90 fibroblasts and HeLa cells result in the formation of juxtanuclear bodies containing SSBP2. When nuclear export of E1B55K is prevented, SSBP2 remains associated with E1B55K in nuclear foci. A requirement for intact microtubules to retain the integrity of the juxtanuclear bodies suggests them to be E1B55K containing aggresomes. The adenoviral E1B55K protein has been shown to localize to the Mre11 complex and p53 to aggresome structures; together with the viral E4orf6 protein, E1B55K recruits a cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces degradation of Mre11 and p53. However, our present studies reveal that E1B55K does not degrade SSBP2. These data demonstrate that E1B55K targets the candidate leukemia suppressor SSBP2 and suggest that subverting its function may contribute to cell transformation by viral oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Fleisig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Davis MR, Haan E, Jungbluth H, Sewry C, North K, Muntoni F, Kuntzer T, Lamont P, Bankier A, Tomlinson P, Sánchez A, Walsh P, Nagarajan L, Oley C, Colley A, Gedeon A, Quinlivan R, Dixon J, James D, Müller CR, Laing NG. Principal mutation hotspot for central core disease and related myopathies in the C-terminal transmembrane region of the RYR1 gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2003; 13:151-7. [PMID: 12565913 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a group of disorders characterised by the predominance of specific histological features observed in biopsied muscle. Central core disease and nemaline myopathy are examples of congenital myopathies that have specific histological characteristics but significantly overlapping clinical pictures. Central core disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable penetrance which has been linked principally to the gene for the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RYR1). Two recent reports have identified the 3' transmembrane domain of this gene as a common site for mutations. Two other studies have reported single families that have features of both central core disease and nemaline myopathy (core/rod disease) caused by mutations in RYR1. Screening of the 3' region (exons 93-105) of the RYR1 gene for mutations in 27 apparently unrelated patients with either central core disease or core/rod disease by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing identified three described and nine novel mutations in 15 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Davis
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street,6000, Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the efficacy, tolerability and safety of the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in clinical practice, in 16 children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy. METHODOLOGY We assessed the efficacy of VNS therapy, retrospectively by comparing seizure frequency, duration and severity at the time of most recent follow up (av: 24.9 months) to that in the 4 weeks prior to VNS surgery. Changes in quality of life, sleep and behaviour at last review was compared with that prior to VNS. Adverse effects elicited by specific questioning, spontaneous reporting and clinical examination are described. RESULTS Vagus nerve stimulation resulted in a >50% reduction in seizure frequency in 62.5% of children with 25% achieving a >90% reduction. Vagus nerve stimulation was well tolerated in all but one of our cohort, with no serious side-effects. CONCLUSION Our results support its role as one of the options in intractable childhood epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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16
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Abstract
Subclinical rhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) discharge is an uncommon rhythmic EEG pattern that has been reported to occur in adults. It is thought to be a nonspecific finding with little clinical significance. This article reports this EEG pattern in two children and suggests it be called subclinical rhythmic EEG discharge of adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
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17
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Thickbroom GW, Byrnes ML, Archer SA, Nagarajan L, Mastaglia FL. Differences in sensory and motor cortical organization following brain injury early in life. Ann Neurol 2001; 49:320-7. [PMID: 11261506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
There have been a number of physiological studies of motor recovery in hemiplegic cerebral palsy which have identified the presence of novel ipsilateral projections from the undamaged hemisphere to the affected hand. However, little is known regarding the afferent projection to sensory cortex and its relationship to the reorganized cortical motor output. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate the corticomotor projection to the affected and unaffected hands in a group of subjects with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, and also performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the patterns of activation in cortical motor and sensory areas following active and passive movement of the hands. Both TMS and fMRI demonstrated a normal contralateral motor and sensory projection between the unaffected hand and the cerebral hemisphere. However, in the case of the affected hand, the TMS results indicated either a purely ipsilateral projection or a bilateral projection in which the ipsilateral pathway had the lower motor threshold, whereas passive movement resulted in fMRI activation in the contralateral hemisphere. These results demonstrate that there is a significant fast-conducting corticomotor projection to the affected hand from the ipsilateral hemisphere in this group of subjects, but that the predominant afferent projection from the hand is still directed to the affected contralateral hemisphere, resulting in an interhemispheric dissociation between afferent kinesthetic inputs and efferent corticomotor output. The findings indicate that there can be differences in the organization of sensory and motor pathways in cerebral palsy, and suggest that some of the residual motor dysfunction experienced by these subjects could be due to an impairment of sensorimotor integration at cortical level as a result of reorganization in the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Thickbroom
- Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Nedlands.
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18
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McMinn P, Stratov I, Nagarajan L, Davis S. Neurological manifestations of enterovirus 71 infection in children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Western Australia. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:236-42. [PMID: 11170913 DOI: 10.1086/318454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2000] [Revised: 06/12/2000] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with neurological complications in young children. We report an outbreak of EV71-associated neurological disease that occurred from February through September 1999 in Perth, Western Australia. Fourteen children with culture-proven, EV71-induced neurological disease were identified. Nine patients (64%) developed severe neurological disease; 4 of these patients developed long-term neurological sequelae. Neurological syndromes included aseptic meningitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, acute cerebellar ataxia, opso-myoclonus syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, and a febrile convulsion. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data indicated that immunopathology was a major factor in the pathogenesis of neurological disease in this outbreak. This finding is in contrast to reports of previous EV71 epidemics, in which virus-induced damage to gray matter was the most frequent cause of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P McMinn
- Department of Microbiology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Jiang Y, Liang H, Guo W, Kottickal LV, Nagarajan L. Differential expression of a novel C-terminally truncated splice form of SMAD5 in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia. Blood 2000; 95:3945-50. [PMID: 10845932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SMADs are evolutionarily conserved transducers of the differentiation and growth arrest signals from the transforming growth factor/BMP (TGF/BMP) family of ligands. Upon receptor activation, the ligand-restricted SMADs(1-35) are phosphorylated in the C-terminal MH2 domain and recruit the common subunit SMAD4/DPC-4 gene to the nucleus to mediate target gene expression. Frequent inactivating mutations of SMAD4, or less common somatic mutations of SMAD2 seen in solid tumors, suggest that these genes have a suppressor function. However, there have been no identified mutations of SMAD5, although the gene localizes to the critical region of loss in chromosome 5q31.1 (chromosome 5, long arm, region 3, band 1, subband 1) in myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A ubiquitously expressed novel isoform, SMAD5beta, encodes a 351 amino acid protein with a truncated MH2 domain and a unique C-terminal tail of 18 amino acids, which may be the functional equivalent of inactivating mutations. The levels of SMAD5beta transcripts are higher in the undifferentiated CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells than in the terminally differentiated peripheral blood leukocytes, thereby implicating the beta form in stem cell homeostasis. Yeast 2-hybrid interaction assays reveal the lack of physical interactions between SMAD5beta and SMAD5 or SMAD4. The expression of SMAD5beta may represent a novel mechanism to protect pluripotent stem cells and malignant cells from the growth inhibitory and differentiation signals of BMPs. (Blood. 2000;95:3945-3950)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Abstract
A novel C2H2 zinc finger gene, ZNF277, has been localized to human chromosome 7q31.1. The gene is encoded by 12 exons in a genomic fragment of >100 kb between the microsatellite markers D7S523 and D7S471, deleted in a number of malignancies. The predicted open reading frame (ORF) of 438 amino acids shows an overall homology of 50% to the putative ORF F46B6.7 of Caenorhabditis elegans. The presence of a 30-amino-acid coiled-coil domain in both the C. elegans ORF F46B6.7 and ZNF277 is suggestive of functional similarities. ESTs for the murine orthologue ZFP277 are found in early embryonic stem cells, 16-cell stage embryo, and blastocysts. The evolutionary conservation and the expression profile suggest ZNF277 to be a critical regulator of development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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23
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Castro PD, Liang JC, Nagarajan L. Deletions of chromosome 5q13.3 and 17p loci cooperate in myeloid neoplasms. Blood 2000; 95:2138-43. [PMID: 10706886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonrandom interstitial deletions and monosomy of chromosomes 5, 7, and 17 in refractory myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) suggest a multistep pathway that culminates in aggressive clinical course. Because cytogenetic studies frequently identify chromosome 5 and 17 deletions within a single clone, we searched for allele loss for 5q loci and TP53 gene mutations in the same leukemic samples. Cosegregating deletions of chromosomes 5 and 17 were found to specifically include the 5q13.3 interval between the loci D5S672 and D5S620/D5S626, a locus hypothesized to harbor a tumor suppressor gene(1) and the TP53 gene on 17p. A rare patient with secondary refractory MDS and an unbalanced translocation [der(5;17)], which resulted in deletions of the 5q13.3-qter and 17p loci, provided clues on the sequence of genetic alterations. Serial molecular analysis of this patient revealed a dysplastic clone with der(5;17), which gave rise to a leukemic clone on acquiring an inactivating mutation of TP53. Our findings are consistent with functional cooperation between a putative tumor suppressor gene at 5q13.3 that contributes toward the progression of early stages of MDS, and the TP53 gene when mutated, causes transformation to AML. (Blood. 2000;95:2138-2143)
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Contig Mapping
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Mutation
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Physical Chromosome Mapping
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Castro
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Abstract
We report on a young adolescent with benign intracranial hypertension which we attribute to the use of minocycline for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology and Ophthamology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.
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25
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Liang JC, Ning Y, Wang RY, Padilla-Nash HM, Schröck E, Soenksen D, Nagarajan L, Ried T. Spectral karyotypic study of the HL-60 cell line: detection of complex rearrangements involving chromosomes 5, 7, and 16 and delineation of critical region of deletion on 5q31.1. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999; 113:105-9. [PMID: 10484974 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the q arm of chromosome 5 have been associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); therefore, accurate identification of rearrangements of this chromosome in a model cell line, HL-60, is important for understanding the critical genes involved in this disease. In this study, we employed a newly developed technology termed spectral karyotyping to delineate chromosomal rearrangements in this cell line. Our study revealed a derivative of chromosome 7 that resulted from translocations of chromosome arms 5q and 16q to 7q; that is, der(7)t(5;7)(?;q?)t(5;16)(?;q?). Interestingly, both chromosomes 5 and 7 were also involved in translocations with chromosome 16 in der(16) t(5;16)(q?;q?22-24) and der(16)t(7;16)(?;q?22-24), respectively. Other notable chromosomal abnormalities that were not previously reported in the HL-60 included an insertion of chromosome 8 in the q arm of chromosome 11, a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 14, and a translocation between chromosomes 14 and 15. In an attempt to define the loss of the 5q31.1 region in HL-60, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis by utilizing bacterial artificial chromosomes BAC1 and BAC2 that spanned the IL9 and EGR1 gene interval, which was previously shown to be a critical region of loss in AML. We showed that a copy of both BAC1 (spanning the D5S399 locus) and BAC2 (spanning the D5S393 locus centromeric to BAC1) were present in the normal chromosome 5, but a second copy of BAC1 was lost and a second copy of BAC2 was inserted in the der(16)t(7;16) chromosome. Thus, not only was this study the first to use the new 24-color karyotyping technique to identify several novel chromosomal rearrangements in HL-60, but it also narrowed the 5q31.1 critical region of deletion to the region represented by BAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Liang
- Section of Cytogenetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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26
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Abstract
SMAD5, a transducer of TGF-beta/BMP inhibitory signals and a tumor suppressor candidate, localizes to the region of invariant loss in human myeloid neoplasms, on chromosome 5q31.1. Recent evidence indicates a gene-dosage effect along the TGF-beta/BMP signaling pathways. We have identified a novel transcript designated DAMS, whose 3' exonic sequences contain in part an alternate 5' exon of SMAD5, in the antisense orientation. Expressed sequenced tags (ESTs) for DAMS are found in fetal tissues (heart, adrenal glands, and total fetus) and pancreatic tumor cDNA libraries. In contrast to SMAD5, DAMS expression is not readily detectable in adult and fetal tissues. Semiquantitative PCR suggests that the stoichiometry between SMAD5 and DAMS transcripts ranges between 15 and 120 in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. The findings raise the possibility that DAMS may be a fail-safe mechanism for precise regulation of SMAD5 transcript levels that may be critical in maintaining normal homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Smad5 Protein
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zavadil
- Department of Cell Physiology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, 12820, Czech Republic
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexpected exacerbation of seizures may occur following initiation of treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ). We reviewed the occurrence of such reactions in our patient population at a tertiary care children's hospital. METHODS A retrospective analysis of our clinic database identified 129/691 (18.6%) patients with epilepsy treated with CBZ, as monotherapy. 38/129 children were later switched to another drug. In 11/38 (28.5%) clinical and/or EEG deterioration was observed. Two patients identified at another institution with similar exacerbation were also included in our analysis. We report on the findings in these 13 cases. RESULTS Two groups were identified: Group I--6 patients with normal neurological exam, normal EEG background, and a diagnosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Group II--7 patients with an abnormal neurological exam and/or abnormal EEG background. Following introduction of CBZ therapy, worsening of preexisting seizures, appearance of new seizure types, behavioral regression, and accompanying EEG deterioration were reported in both groups. Dramatic improvement in seizure control occurred, following withdrawal of CBZ and substitution of another anticonvulsant. CONCLUSION Physicians treating epilepsy must be aware that CBZ can exacerbate seizures, and cause developmental regression in children. Careful patient selection, when choosing CBZ as treatment, and prompt recognition of clinical deterioration and intervention, may help avoid or reverse these paradoxical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Prasad
- Charles A. Janeway Child Health Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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28
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Antillón F, Raimondi SC, Fairman J, Liang H, Nagarajan L, Head D, Ribeiro RC. 5q- in a child with refractory anemia with excess blasts: similarities to 5q- syndrome in adults. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 105:119-22. [PMID: 9723027 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 19-month-old boy was referred to our institution because of chronic macrocytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. At age 17 months, he had developed petechiae. He had a leukocyte count of 4.4 x 10(9)/L, hemoglobin concentration of 7.9 g/dL, packed cell volume of 21%, mean corpuscular volume of 101 fL, and platelet count of 19 x 10(9)/L. At the time of referral, a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy revealed myelodysplastic changes that included megakaryocytic hyperplasia with hypolobated megakaryocytes, megaloblastoid erythropoiesis, 12% blast cells, and bone marrow fibrosis; the diagnosis was refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). Cytogenetic analysis showed the following abnormalities: 47, XY, inv(3)(p21q25), del(5)(q22q31), +21/46, XY. By dinucleotide polymorphism analysis, the 5q22-q31 loci were normal in peripheral blood granulocytes. Because of severe thrombocytopenia that became refractory to platelet transfusions and because of possible progression to leukemia, the patient received an unrelated-donor bone marrow transplant. Recovery was complicated by a visceral fungal infection, but the patient now has normal, fully reconstituted bone marrow function. This patient is the youngest to be reported with RAEB and a 5q- anomaly accompanied by thrombocytopenia, megakaryocytic hyperplasia with hypolobated megakaryocytes, and macrocytic anemia with megaloblastoid erythropoiesis, similar to "5q- syndrome" in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Antillón
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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29
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Abstract
Deletions and translocations at 5q13 point out a locus involved in the development of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) as well as other neoplasms. The chromosomal rearrangements of 5q13 are well documented, but have not been a primary focus of research. In this report, we provide evidence for a novel critical locus at 5q13.3, encoding gene(s) which may be disrupted by chromosomal translocations or deletions. Rare cases of myeloid neoplasms with t(5q13) as the sole chromosomal anomaly argue for a gene which gives rise to fusion proteins. Our preliminary studies have localized one of the critical genes to a <3 Mb. interval between the polymorphic markers AFMB347yf9 and GATAP18104 at the band 5q13.3. Other results also suggest that the 5q 13.3 locus may span a fragile site which undergoes unbalanced translocations and interstitial deletions accompanied by loss of significant segments of chromosome 5. Molecular reagents generated by the human genome mapping and sequencing initiative will allow us to characterize the critical genes at 5q13.3 and facilitate genotypic analysis of AML and MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Castro
- Department of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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30
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Ning Y, Liang JC, Nagarajan L, Schröck E, Ried T. Characterization of 5q deletions by subtelomeric probes and spectral karyotyping. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 103:170-2. [PMID: 9614919 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ning
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Liang H, Fairman J, Claxton DF, Nowell PC, Green ED, Nagarajan L. Molecular anatomy of chromosome 7q deletions in myeloid neoplasms: evidence for multiple critical loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:3781-5. [PMID: 9520444 PMCID: PMC19914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.7.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete or partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q- and -7) are nonrandom abnormalities seen in primary and therapy-induced myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Monosomy 7, occurring as the sole cytogenetic anomaly in a small but significant number of cases, may denote a dominant mechanism involving critical tumor suppressor gene(s). We have determined the extent of allele loss in cytogenetically prescreened MDS and AML patients for microsatellite markers from chromosome 7q22 and 7q31. Whereas >80% of these cases revealed allele loss for the entire region, a rare case of the 7q- chromosome showed allele loss for only the proximal 7q31.1 loci flanked by the markers D7S486 and D7S2456, and a case of monosomy 7 revealed allele loss for loci at both 7q31 and 7q22 with retention of sequences between these sets of loci. Furthermore, a case of AML with no cytogenetic anomaly of chromosome 7 revealed a submicroscopic allelic imbalance for a third distal locus, D7S677. These findings suggest the presence of three distinct critical loci that may contribute alone or in combination to the evolution of MDS and AML. The data also provide molecular evidence for unbalanced translocation with noncontiguous deletions, as an alternate mechanism underlying monosomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Department of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Kottickal LV, Sarada B, Ashar H, Chada K, Nagarajan L. Preferential expression of HMGI-C isoforms lacking the acidic carboxy terminal in human leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 242:452-6. [PMID: 9446816 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group HMGI chromosomal proteins are an important component of chromatin. The HMGI-C protein consists of three amino terminal DNA binding domains ("AT hooks"), a linker region and an acidic carboxy domain. In mesenchymal tumors, chromosomal translocations of 12q13-15 result in fusion proteins containing the AT hooks and novel carboxy terminals. We have investigated the status of the HMGI-C gene in two cases of leukemia with anomalies of chromosome 12q and identified three novel isoforms (designated alpha, beta and gamma) derived from alternate splicing. One of the patients expressed all three isoforms, whereas the second patient expressed only the gamma isoform; preferential expression of the HMGI-C gamma isoform was also detected in the leukemic cell lines ML3 and BV173. The results are consistent with a crucial role for truncation of the acidic carboxy domain of HMGI-C in abnormal growth.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- High Mobility Group Proteins/chemistry
- High Mobility Group Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kottickal
- Department of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hosain
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, New York, USA
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34
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Hejlik DP, Kottickal LV, Liang H, Fairman J, Davis T, Janecki T, Sexton D, Perry W, Tavtigian SV, Teng DH, Nagarajan L. Localization of SMAD5 and its evaluation as a candidate myeloid tumor suppressor. Cancer Res 1997; 57:3779-83. [PMID: 9288787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acquired interstitial or complete losses of chromosome 5 are recurring anomalies associated with preleukemic myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have delineated a potential myeloid tumor suppressor locus to a <2.4-Mb interval between the genes for IL9 and EGR1 on 5q31. In this report, we have localized the SMAD5 gene, a homologue of the tumor suppressor genes SMAD4/DPC-4 and SMAD2/JV18.1, to the minimal myeloid tumor suppressor locus and characterized its open reading frame and genomic organization. SMAD5 transcripts are readily detectable in hematolymphoid tissues and leukemic blasts. Absence of intragenic mutations in the remaining SMAD5 allele of leukemic patients and multiple solid tumor cell lines prescreened for loss of heterozygosity suggests that SMAD5 may not be a common target of somatic inactivation in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hejlik
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Hosain S, Nagarajan L, Fraser R, Van Poznak A, Labar D. Effects of nitrous oxide on electrocorticography during epilepsy surgery. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 102:340-2. [PMID: 9146496 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4694(96)95028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interictal spikes on intraoperative electrocorticography during epilepsy are used to tailor resections. There have been a few systematic quantitative studies of anesthetic effects on these interictal discharges, and none on the effects of nitrous oxide (N2O). We calculated spike rates on ECoG on and off N2O in 18 epilepsy surgery patients with subdural strips and grids, analyzing the most active recording contract. In a blinded analyses ten patients had fewer spikes on N2O, while eight patients had more spikes on N2O. The mean spike rates did not differ (41/min on N2O and 40/min off N2O). Spike rate on and off N2O were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon matched pairs test. These rates were not significantly different. Our study indicates that N2O in doses employed dose not effect interictal spikes and this agent may be used during epilepsy surgery without concerns about suppression of epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hosain
- Department of Neurology, New York Hospital, Cornell University Medical Center, NY 10021, USA
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36
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Nagarajan L, Storms RK. Molecular characterization of GCV3, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene coding for the glycine cleavage system hydrogen carrier protein. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:4444-50. [PMID: 9020168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.7.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
YAL044, a gene on the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome one, is shown to code for the H-protein subunit of the multienzyme glycine cleavage system. The gene designation has therefore been changed to GCV3, reflecting its role in the glycine cleavage system. GCV3 encodes a 177-residue protein with a putative mitochondrial targeting signal at its amino terminus. Targeted gene replacement shows that GCV3 is not required for growth on minimal medium; however, it is essential when glycine serves as the sole nitrogen source. Studies of GCV3 expression revealed that it is highly regulated. Supplementation of minimal medium with glycine, the glycine cleavage system's substrate, induced expression at least 30-fold. In contrast, and consistent with the cleavage of glycine providing activated single-carbon units, the addition of the metabolic end products that require activated single-carbon units repressed expression about 10-fold. Finally, like many amino acid biosynthetic genes, GCV3 is subject to regulation by the general amino acid control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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37
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Fairman J, Nagarajan L. Use of dinucleotide polymorphism analyses in physical mapping. Methods Mol Biol 1997; 68:149-57. [PMID: 9055255 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-482-8:149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Fairman
- Department of Hematology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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38
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Fairman J, Wang RY, Liang H, Zhao L, Saltman D, Liang JC, Nagarajan L. Translocations and deletions of 5q13.1 in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia: evidence for a novel critical locus. Blood 1996; 88:2259-66. [PMID: 8822947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired partial and complete deletions of chromosome 5 (5q-, -5) are common cytogenetic anomalies associated with myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A critical region of consistent loss at 5q31.1 (in > 90% of cases) has led us and others to postulate the presence of a key negative regulator(s) of leukemogenesis. Although the interstitial deletion limits vary among patients, del(5) (q13q33) and del(5)(q13q35) constitute major subsets. Furthermore, it is not rare to encounter deletions, translocations, or paracentric inversions involving 5q11 to 5q13, which indicates inactivation or disruption of important gene(s) at that locus. In this report, we have localized a novel locus at 5q13.1 to a 2.0-Mb interval between the anonymous markers D5S672 and GATA-P1804. This locus resided within the region of loss in 12 of 27 patients with anomalies of chromosome 5; one of these cases had apparent retention of both alleles of all the telomeric loci. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies demonstrate that the AML cell line ML3 is disrupted at 5q13.1 by a translocation involving chromosome 3, with apparent retention of the entire chromosome 5 sequence. Our results suggest that this novel proximal locus encodes a critical gene that may be deleted or disrupted in a subset of MDS/AML patients with chromosome 5 anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fairman
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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39
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Abstract
The murine pim-1 gene, isolated as a locus frequently activated by proviral integration in T cell lymphomas, encodes a protein serine kinase. Although genetic evidence suggests a crucial role for this protooncogene in cell growth and transformation, very little is known about its protein product. The murine pim-1 mRNA provides alternate translational starts at a CUG codon +87-89 and an AUG codon at +339-341, in the same open reading frame (ORF), resulting in 44-kDa (397 amino acids) and 34-kDa (313 amino acids) isoforms. In this report, we demonstrate that the human PIM-1 mRNA is translated only from the single initiation methionine codon at +339-341 under cell-free conditions. Immunoblotting analyses of several human solid tumor cell lines, with highly specific antisera reveal two ubiquitously expressed isoforms (35 and 34 kDa). The estimated half-life of these proteins is shorter in the normal peripheral blood leukocytes (<5 min) than in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cells K562 (<20 min). Immunoblotting analyses of centrifugally elutriated fractions of the chronic myelogenous leukemia BV173 cells demonstrate that the levels of PIM-1 increase during the progression from early to late GI, remain high at the G1/S boundary and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The results presented here suggest a ubiquitous role for PIM-1 in progression through cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Department of Hematology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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Nagarajan L, Schaul N, Eidelberg D, Dhawan V, Fraser R, Labar DR. Contralateral temporal hypometabolism on positron emission tomography in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 93:81-4. [PMID: 8741122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No detailed case studies report lateralised hypometabolism on positron emission tomography (PET) contralateral to the epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in two intractable TLE patients. RESULTS One had right temporal interictal spikes on electroencephalography (EEG) and a right medial temporal lobe lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FDG-PET showed decreased uptake in the left temporal lobe. Right temporal ictal onset, with bilateral interictal epileptiform activity, occurred on intracranial EEG. He is seizure free after right temporal lobectomy and ganglioglioma resection. The second had right temporal lobe interictal and ictal EEG activity. MRI demonstrated right anteriomedial temporal increased T2 signal. Neuropsychology revealed bilateral cognitive dysfunction. FDG-PET showed left anterior temporal and lateral frontal hypometabolism. He is seizure free after right temporal lobectomy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that regional uptake asymmetry on FDG-PET may be give misleading lateralising information in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, NY 10021, USA
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Houston 77030, USA
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42
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Abstract
Acquired interstitial loss of all or part of the long arm of human chromosome 5 (5q-) is an anomaly that is seen frequently in patients with preleukemic myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia. Loss of a critical region of overlap at band 5q31.1 in all of these cases, with various cytogenetic breaks, signifies the existence of a key negative regulator of leukemogenesis. Previous studies have defined the proximal and distal ends of the critical region to reside between the genes for IL9 and EGR1, respectively. In this report, we describe a yeast artificial chromosome contig spanning this myeloid tumor suppressor locus. The combined order of the polymorphic loci is centromere-IL9-(D5S525-D5S558-D5S89-D5S526 -D5S393)-D5S399-D5S396-D5S414-EGR1 and telomere. The physical distance between the IL9 and EGR1 genes is estimated to be < 2.4 Mb. Here we report the utility of these polymorphic loci by detecting a submicroscopic deletion of 5q31; an acute myelogenous leukemia patient with a three-way translocation, t(5;18;17)(q31;p11;q11), as the sole anomaly revealed allele loss of the D5S399 and D5S396 loci.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fairman
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Abstract
Acquired interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5, are seen in anomalies of the myeloid cells. The refractory anemia (RA) or 5q- syndrome, in which the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages are predominantly affected, is a relatively indolent clinical entity distinguishable, from the constellation of preneoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with trilineage involvement. Recent molecular evidence suggests that the critical region of 5q deletion in MDS/AML resides in the D5S89 locus, which is proximal (centromeric) to the minimal region of loss in the 5q- syndrome RA. The invariable loss of the D5S89 locus in MDS/AML qualifies it for the MDS/AML tumor suppressor locus. The telomeric 5q31 gene governs erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation and can be termed the RA locus. Isolation and characterization of these genes will lead to an understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying normal hematopoiesis and leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Fairman J, Claxton D, Williman CL, Deisseroth AB, Nagarajan L. Development of a sensitive PCR to detect allele loss in a model hematopoietic neoplasm. PCR Methods Appl 1994; 4:6-12. [PMID: 9018310 DOI: 10.1101/gr.4.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss or gain of an entire chromosome and interstitial deletions or amplifications are hallmarks of several hematopoietic neoplasms. These chromosomal anomalies can be identified by conventional cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow aspirates. We have developed a PCR-based assay to detect loss of chromosome 5q31 loci, in the model system of myeloid disorders with the 5q- chromosome (interstitial deletion of 5q), by taking advantage of a highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat within the interleukin-9 (IL9) gene on 5q31. In a given sample, quantitation of amplification of individual alleles in a Phosphorimager allowed the representation of alleles to be expressed as a ratio of the larger to the smaller allele. Comparison of these ratios in paired DNA samples from Ficoll buoyant and pelletted fractions provides evidence for allele loss. Results presented here demonstrate that this technique of comparison of ratios of isotope incorporation could be expanded to Investigate any deletion or numerical abnormality in hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fairman
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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46
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Nagarajan L, Zhao L, Lu X, Warrington JA, Wasmuth JJ, Siciliano M, Deisseroth AB, Liang JC. 5q- chromosome. Evidence for complex interstitial breaks in a case of refractory anemia with excess blasts. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1994; 74:8-12. [PMID: 8194054 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial loss of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-) is an anomaly frequently seen in myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Although the limits of the interstitial deletions vary among patients, there is a critical region of overlap at 5q31 that is consistently deleted in most cases. The order of genes in the critical 5q31 region is centromere, interleukin gene cluster, an anonymous polymorphic locus D5S89, early growth response factor, CSF1 receptor, telomere. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of specific 5q31 probes to metaphases with del(5) (q11q31) from a patient with secondary refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation demonstrates that the interstitial deletion is not contiguous. The 5q- chromosome has lost the D5S89 and CSF1R loci while retaining some of the sequences in between. A probe derived from a 300-kbp yeast artificial chromosome containing the D5S89 locus is interrupted on the normal chromosome 5 of this patient. Data presented in this report are consistent with (i) presence of a critical gene within the YAC and (ii) more than a single interstitial break within the 5q- chromosome. These results, while pinpointing one of the critical 5q31 loci, also provide evidence for a second telomeric locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Hematology, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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47
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Nagarajan L, Zavadil J, Claxton D, Lu X, Fairman J, Warrington JA, Wasmuth JJ, Chinault AC, Sever CE, Slovak ML. Consistent loss of the D5S89 locus mapping telomeric to the interleukin gene cluster and centromeric to EGR-1 in patients with 5q- chromosome. Blood 1994; 83:199-208. [PMID: 8274735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5 are common in a number of disorders of leukemic and preleukemic myeloid disorders. Although the limits of these deletions vary among patients, a region of cytogenetic overlap that includes band 5q31 is deleted consistently, suggesting loss of 5q31 loci critical for normal myeloid differentiation and leukemogenesis. An anonymous genomic DNA segment D5S89, previously mapped to 5q21-31, detects consistent loss of alleles in cases showing the 5q- chromosome at presentation or relapse. Analysis of a panel of natural-deletion somatic-cell hybrids in conjunction with irradiation hybrids containing fragments of human chromosome 5q shows that the D5S89 locus is telomeric to the interleukin (IL) genes (IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) and interferon response factor-1 (IRF-1) gene and centromeric to the early response transcription factor (early growth response gene-1 [EGR-1]) on 5q31. To further define the principal region of loss, we have isolated and characterized yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) spanning D5S89. The presence of several CpG islands within the 300-kb YAC is suggestive of multiple transcription units. However, IL-4, IL-5, IRF-1, IL-3, GM-CSF, and EGR-1 genes were not detected in the YAC clone spanning D5S89, implying that none of these genes are in the vicinity of the D5S89 marker. Further characterization of these YACs should facilitate the isolation of novel candidate genes that may play a role in the evolution of the abnormal phenotype associated with 5q- chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Donovan J, Lu X, Nagarajan L. Rapid purification of bacteriophage lambda DNA. Biotechniques 1993; 15:602, 604. [PMID: 8251160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Donovan
- Dept. of Hematology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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49
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Abstract
Levels of the mRNA for PIM-1, a protooncogene encoding a cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase show a wide variation among tissues and cell lines, although this gene is transcribed from a GC- rich housekeeping promoter. Previous studies have failed to identify tissue specific elements in the PIM-1 promoter raising the possibility that these elements might reside within the gene. Transient transfections of Luciferase reporter gene constructs into the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 (which expresses high levels of PIM-1 mRNA) demonstrate that the 1.7kbp PIM-1 promoter sequences alone were three times more efficient than constructs driven by the promoter+PIM-1 genomic sequences. Nuclear run on assays of nascent RNA from K562 cells revealed premature transcriptional termination within the PIM-1 gene. Thus, PIM-1 gene may be constitutively transcribed in all tissues and transcriptional attenuation could be one of the mechanisms regulating the observed differences in steady state levels of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nagarajan
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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50
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Narayana L, Nagarajan L. A mouse c-ros genomic clone: identification of a highly conserved 22-amino acid segment in the juxta-membrane domain. Gene X 1992; 118:297-8. [PMID: 1324876 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse c-ros protooncogene genomic sequences have been cloned; an analysis of the partial genomic clone revealed a high conservation of the exons encoding the juxta-membrane (JM) and the 5' most protein tyrosine kinase domains. We have identified a segment of 22 amino acids conserved between the human and mouse JM domains; this segment may have a critical role in the function of the c-ros-encoded protein tyrosine kinase receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Narayana
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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