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Multiplex Proteomic Evaluation in Inborn Errors with Deregulated IgE Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010202. [PMID: 36672710 PMCID: PMC9855860 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Atopic dermatitis constitutes one of the most common inflammatory skin manifestations of the pediatric population. The onset of many inborn errors occurs early in life with an AD-like picture associated with a deregulated IgE response. The availability of proteomic tests for the simultaneous evaluation of hundreds of molecules allows for more precise diagnosis in these cases. (2) Methods: Comparative genomic hybridization microarray (Array-CGH) analysis and specific IgE evaluation by using allergenic microarray (ISAC) and microarray (ALEX2) systems were performed. (3) Results: Proteomic investigations that use multiplex methods have proven to be extremely useful to diagnose the sensitization profile in inborn errors with deregulated IgE synthesis. Four patients with rare diseases, such as recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI, OMIM 308100), Comel-Netherton syndrome (NS, OMIM256500), monosomy 1p36 syndrome (OMIM: 607872), and a microduplication of Xp11.4 associated with extremely high levels of IgE: 7.710 kU/L, 5.300 kU/L, 1.826 kU/L, and 10.430 kU/L, respectively, were evaluated by micro- and macroarray multiplex methods. Polyreactivity to both environmental and food allergens was observed in all cases, including the first described case of association of X-chromosome microduplication and HIE. (4) Conclusions: Extensive use of proteomic diagnostics should be included among the procedures to be implemented in inborn errors with hyper-IgE.
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Czakó M, Till Á, Zima J, Zsigmond A, Szabó A, Maász A, Melegh B, Hadzsiev K. Xp11.2 Duplication in Females: Unique Features of a Rare Copy Number Variation. Front Genet 2021; 12:635458. [PMID: 33936165 PMCID: PMC8080037 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.635458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diseases with X-linked inheritance and intellectual disability, duplication of the Xp11.23p11.22 region is indeed a rare phenomenon, with less than 90 cases known in the literature. Most of them have been recognized with the routine application of array techniques, as these copy number variations (CNVs) are highly variable in size, occurring in recurrent and non-recurrent forms. Its pathogenic role is not debated anymore, but the information available about the pathomechanism, especially in affected females, is still very limited. It has been observed that the phenotype in females varies from normal to severe, which does not correlate with the size of the duplication or the genes involved, and which makes it very difficult to give an individual prognosis. Among the patients studied by the authors because of intellectual disability, epilepsy, and minor anomalies, overlapping duplications affecting the Xp11.23p11.22 region were detected in three females. Based on our detailed phenotype analysis, we concluded that Xp11.23p11.22 duplication is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Czakó
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Till
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judith Zima
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Zsigmond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Maász
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
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Evers C, Mitter D, Strobl-Wildemann G, Haug U, Hackmann K, Maas B, Janssen JWG, Jauch A, Hinderhofer K, Moog U. Duplication Xp11.22-p14 in females: does X-inactivation help in assessing their significance? Am J Med Genet A 2016; 167A:553-62. [PMID: 25691408 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In females, large duplications in Xp often lead to preferential inactivation of the aberrant X chromosome and a normal phenotype. Recently, a recurrent ∼4.5 Mb microduplication of Xp11.22-p11.23 was found in females with developmental delay/intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders (speech development disorder, epilepsy or EEG anomalies, autism spectrum disorder, or behavioral disorder). Unexpectedly, most of them showed preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome. We describe five female patients carrying de novo Xp duplications encompassing p11.23. Patient 1 carried the recurrent microduplication Xp11.22-p11.23, her phenotype and X-chromosome inactivation (XI) pattern was consistent with previous reports. The other four patients had novel Xp duplications. Two were monozygotic twins with a similar phenotype to Patient 1 and unfavorable XI skewing carrying an overlapping ∼5 Mb duplication of Xp11.23-p11.3. Patient 4 showed a duplication of ∼5.5 Mb comparable to the twins but had a more severe phenotype and unskewed XI. Patient 5 had a ∼8.5 Mb duplication Xp11.23-p11.4 and presented with mild ID, epilepsy, behavioral problems, and inconsistent results of XI analysis. A comparison of phenotype, size and location of the duplications and XI patterns in Patients 1-5 and previously reported females with overlapping duplications provides further evidence that microduplications encompassing Xp11.23 are associated with ID and other neurodevelopmental disorders in females. To further assess the implication of XI for female carriers, we recommend systematic analysis of XI pattern in any female with X imbalances that are known or suspected to be pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Evers
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim MK, Seok HH, Kim YS, Chin MU, Sung SR, Lee WS, Shim SH, Yoon TK. Molecular genetic and cytogenetic characterization of a partial Xp duplication and Xq deletion in a patient with premature ovarian failure. Gene 2014; 534:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sheath KL, Mazzaschi RL, Aftimos S, Gregersen NE, George AM, Love DR. Clinical Outcomes and Counselling Issues regarding Partial Trisomy of Terminal Xp in a Child with Developmental Delay. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2013; 13:311-7. [PMID: 23862040 DOI: 10.12816/0003240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Female carriers of balanced translocations involving an X chromosome and an autosome offer genetic counselling challenges. This is in view of the number of possible meiotic outcomes, but also due to the impact of X chromosome-localised genes that are no longer subject to gene silencing through the X chromosome inactivation centre. We present a case where delineation of the extent of X chromosome-localised genes on the derivative autosome using molecular karyotyping offers critical information in the context of genetic counselling.
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Wu L, Liu J, Lv W, Wen J, Xia Y, Liang D. An Xp21.3p11.4 duplication observed in a boy with intellectual deficiency and speech delay and his asymptomatic mother. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 97:467-70. [PMID: 23828844 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial Xp duplications have been rarely described, especially in males. Male patients show intellectual deficiency (ID) and variable congenital malformations depending on the size and the position of the duplication. METHODS Cytogenetic and molecular analyses using standard G-banding, R-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and an array comparative genomic hybridization analysis for copy number variation detection were performed in the propositus and his mother. RESULTS A 12,168,283 bp interstitial duplication of the Xp21.3p11.4 region was detected in the boy with ID and speech delay and his asymptomatic mother. CONCLUSION An Xp21.3p11.4 duplication was characterized at the molecular level in a boy with ID and speech delay. Genotype-phenotype correlations of interstitial Xp duplications were performed by comparing previously reported cases and our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Becker KG. Male gender bias in autism and pediatric autoimmunity. Autism Res 2012; 5:77-83. [PMID: 22431266 PMCID: PMC4530611 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Male bias in both autism and pediatric autoimmune disease is thought to involve hormonal perturbations in pregnancy or early childhood in the context of genetic control. These early molecular events, at a time of rapid development, are intimately linked to concurrent development in the brain and immune system. It is suggested here that these early regulatory events may overlap between autism and autoimmunity in determining male sex bias and may provide evidence of an etiological link among autism, immune dysregulation, and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Edens AC, Lyons MJ, Duron RM, Dupont BR, Holden KR. Autism in two females with duplications involving Xp11.22-p11.23. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53:463-6. [PMID: 21418194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present two phenotypically similar females with Xp duplication who have autism and epilepsy. Case 1 is a 14-year-old Honduran female with autism and medically refractory complex partial, secondarily generalized epilepsy. Case 2 is a 3-year-old Austrian female with autism and medically refractory complex partial epilepsy. Both patients also share features of severe intellectual disability (case 1 has a developmental quotient of 23, case 2 has a developmental quotient of 42) and dysmorphic facial features. Autism was confirmed by thorough clinical evaluations and testing. Case 1 has a karyotype of 46,X,dup(X)(p11.2-p22.33) and a highly skewed X-inactivation pattern (94:6). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were abnormal. Case 2 has a 5-megabase duplication of Xp11.22-p11.23 on chromosome microarray analysis. The patient has a random X-inactivation pattern (77:23). Brain MRI was normal, but EEG was abnormal. Both patients have duplications involving the Xp11.22-p11.23 region, indicating that this is an area of interest for future translational autism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Edens
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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DNA methylation analysis of a de novo balanced X;13 translocation in a girl with abnormal phenotype: evidence for functional duplication of the whole short arm of the X chromosome. J Appl Genet 2010; 51:331-5. [PMID: 20720308 DOI: 10.1007/bf03208863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 13-month-old girl showing dysmorphic features and a delay in psychomotor development. She was diagnosed with a balanced de novo translocation 46,X,t(X;13)(p11.2;p13) and non-random inactivation of the X chromosome. FISH analysis, employing the X chromosome centromere and XIST-region-specific probes, showed that the XIST locus was not involved in the translocation. Selective inactivation of paternal X, which was involved in translocation, was revealed by the HUMARA assay. The pattern of methylation of 5 genes located within Xp, which are normally silenced on an inactive X chromosome, corresponded to an active (unmethylated) X chromosome. These results revealed that in our proband the X chromosome involved in translocation (Xt) was preferentially inactivated. However, genes located on the translocated Xp did not include XIST. This resulted in functional Xp disomy, which most probably accounts for the abnormal phenotype in our patient.
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Holden ST, Clarkson A, Thomas NS, Abbott K, James MR, Willatt L. A de novo duplication of Xp11.22-p11.4 in a girl with intellectual disability, structural brain anomalies, and preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1735-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Thorson L, Bryke C, Rice G, Artzer A, Schilz C, Israel J, Huber S, Laffin J, Raca G. Clinical and molecular characterization of overlapping interstitial Xp21-p22 duplications in two unrelated individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:904-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zou YS, Milunsky JM. Developmental disability and hypomelanosis of Ito in a female with 7.3 Mb de novo duplication of Xp11.3-p11.4 and random X inactivation. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2573-7. [PMID: 19876908 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying S Zou
- Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:260-77. [PMID: 19390324 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32832c937e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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