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Soster E, Mossfield T, Menezes M, Agenbag G, Dubois ML, Gekas J, Hardy T, Loggenberg K. Clinical outcomes of screen-positive genome-wide cfDNA cases for trisomy 20: results from the global expanded NIPT Consortium. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:9. [PMID: 38627791 PMCID: PMC11021009 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 20 has been shown to be one of the most frequent rare autosomal trisomies in patients that undergo genome-wide noninvasive prenatal testing. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of cases that screened positive for trisomy 20 following prenatal genome-wide cell-free (cf.) DNA screening. These cases are part of a larger cohort of previously published cases. Members of the Global Expanded NIPT Consortium were invited to submit details on their cases with a single rare autosomal aneuploidy following genome-wide cfDNA screening for retrospective analysis. Clinical details including patient demographics, test indications, diagnostic testing, and obstetric pregnancy outcomes were collected. Genome-wide cfDNA screening was conducted following site-specific laboratory procedures. Cases which screened positive for trisomy 20 (n = 10) were reviewed. Clinical outcome information was available for 90% (9/10) of our screen-positive trisomy 20 cases; the case without diagnostic testing ended in a fetal demise. Of the nine cases with outcome information, one was found to have a mosaic partial duplication (duplication at 20p13), rather than a full trisomy 20. Only one case in the study cohort had placental testing; therefore, confined placental mosaicism could not be ruled out in most cases. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were seen in half of the cases, which could suggest the presence of underlying confined placental mosaicism or mosaic/full fetal trisomy 20. Based on our limited series, the likelihood of true fetal aneuploidy is low but pregnancies may be at increased risk for adverse obstetric outcomes and may benefit from additional surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Soster
- Labcorp, 3400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA, 01581, USA.
| | | | - Melody Menezes
- Monash IVF Genetics, Monash IVF Group, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Jean Gekas
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de Quebec Research and Mother and Child Center, University Hospital of Quebec, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Tristan Hardy
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Monash IVF Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Montaguti E, Diglio J, Petrachi B, Arosio V, Fiorentini M, Cavalera M, Pellegrino A, Amodeo S, Lenzi J, Pilu G. Identification of Fetuses at Increased Risk of Trisomies in the First Trimester Using Axial Planes. Fetal Diagn Ther 2023; 51:1-6. [PMID: 37778343 DOI: 10.1159/000533879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The measurement of nuchal translucency (NT) is crucial for assessing risk of aneuploidies in the first trimester. We investigate the ability of NT assessed by a transverse view of the fetal head to detect fetuses at increased risk of common aneuploidies at 11-13 weeks of gestation. METHODS We enrolled a nonconsecutive series of women who attended our outpatient clinic from January 2020 to April 2021 for aneuploidy screening by means of a first trimester combined test. All women were examined by operators certified by the Fetal Medicine Foundation. In each patient, NT measurements were obtained both from the median sagittal view and transverse view. We calculated the risk of aneuploidy using NT measurements obtained both with sagittal and axial scans, and then we compared the results. RESULTS A total of 1,023 women were enrolled. An excellent correlation was found between sagittal and transverse NT measurements. The sensitivity and specificity of the axial scan to identify fetuses that were deemed at risk of trisomy 21 using standard sagittal scans were 40/40 = 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.2-100.0) and 977/983 = 99.4% (95% CI: 98.7-99.7), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the axial scan to identify fetuses at risk of trisomy 13 or 18 were 16/16 = 100.0% (95% CI: 80.6-100.0) and 1,005/1,007 = 99.8% (95% CI: 99.3-99.9). CONCLUSIONS When the sonogram, a part of combined test screening, is performed by an expert sonologist, axial views can reliably identify fetuses at increased risk of trisomies without an increase in false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montaguti
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Josefina Diglio
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Petrachi
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viola Arosio
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Fiorentini
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cavalera
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Pellegrino
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Amodeo
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Pilu
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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McCoy RC, Summers MC, McCollin A, Ottolini CS, Ahuja K, Handyside AH. Meiotic and mitotic aneuploidies drive arrest of in vitro fertilized human preimplantation embryos. Genome Med 2023; 15:77. [PMID: 37779206 PMCID: PMC10544495 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of aneuploidy in early human development, arising either from errors in meiosis or postzygotic mitosis, is the primary cause of pregnancy loss, miscarriage, and stillbirth following natural conception as well as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has confirmed the prevalence of meiotic and mitotic aneuploidies among blastocyst-stage IVF embryos that are candidates for transfer. However, only about half of normally fertilized embryos develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro, while the others arrest at cleavage to late morula or early blastocyst stages. METHODS To achieve a more complete view of the impacts of aneuploidy, we applied low-coverage sequencing-based PGT-A to a large series (n = 909) of arrested embryos and trophectoderm biopsies. We then correlated observed aneuploidies with abnormalities of the first two cleavage divisions using time-lapse imaging (n = 843). RESULTS The combined incidence of meiotic and mitotic aneuploidies was strongly associated with blastocyst morphological grading, with the proportion ranging from 20 to 90% for the highest to lowest grades, respectively. In contrast, the incidence of aneuploidy among arrested embryos was exceptionally high (94%), dominated by mitotic aneuploidies affecting multiple chromosomes. In turn, these mitotic aneuploidies were strongly associated with abnormal cleavage divisions, such that 51% of abnormally dividing embryos possessed mitotic aneuploidies compared to only 23% of normally dividing embryos. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the combination of meiotic and mitotic aneuploidies drives arrest of human embryos in vitro, as development increasingly relies on embryonic gene expression at the blastocyst stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21212, USA.
| | - Michael C Summers
- London Women's Clinic, 113-115 Harley Street, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AP, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
- Present Address: London Women's Clinic, The Chesterfield, Nuffield Health Clinic, 3 Clifton Hill, Bristol, BS8 1BN, UK
| | - Abeo McCollin
- London Women's Clinic, 113-115 Harley Street, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AP, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
| | - Christian S Ottolini
- London Women's Clinic, 113-115 Harley Street, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AP, UK
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- Present Address: Juno Genetics Italia, Via Di Quarto Peperino 22, 00188, Rome, Italy
| | - Kamal Ahuja
- London Women's Clinic, 113-115 Harley Street, Marylebone, London, W1G 6AP, UK
| | - Alan H Handyside
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
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Bouw N, Swaab H, Tartaglia N, Cordeiro L, van Rijn S. Early Social Behavior in Young Children with Sex Chromosome Trisomies (XXX, XXY, XYY): Profiles of Observed Social Interactions and Social Impairments Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3194-3207. [PMID: 35551591 PMCID: PMC10313563 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Sex Chromosome Trisomies (SCT; XXX, XXY, XYY) have an increased vulnerability for developing challenges in social adaptive functioning. The present study investigates social interaction behavior in the context of varying social load, and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptomatology in young children aged 1-7.5 years old, with SCT (N = 105) and control children (N = 101). Children with SCT show less interaction behaviors and more social withdrawal, as compared to their control peers, which were most evident in the high social load condition. Second, social impairments related to ASD are more prevalent, as compared to controls (27.1% at clinical level). These findings stress the importance of early monitoring and (preventive) support of early social development in young children with SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Bouw
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa Cordeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sophie van Rijn
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9500, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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5
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Bartolini E, Baldini L, Casolaro F, Perruzza A, Pieri R, Ferrari AR. The photoparoxysmal response belongs to the spectrum of electroencephalographic findings in patients with triple X syndrome and epilepsy. Seizure 2023; 110:144-145. [PMID: 37385201 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy; Tuscany PhD Programme in Neurosciences, Florence, Italy.
| | - L Baldini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Casolaro
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Perruzza
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Pieri
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - A R Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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De Vriendt M, Rooryck C, Coatleven F, Sarrau M, Vincienne M, Prier P, Naudion S, Sentilhes L, Bouchghoul H. [Management of isolated increased nuchal translucency: survey among the Pluridisciplinary Centers for Prenatal Diagnosis]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2023; 51:367-371. [PMID: 36940866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management for isolated increased nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester with a normal karyotype and normal Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) is not consensual. The aim was to perform a survey among the Pluridisciplinary Centers for Prenatal Diagnosis (CPDPN) in France regarding their management of increased NT in the first trimester. METHODS We conducted a multicenter descriptive survey between September 2021 and October 2021 among the 46 CPDPNs of France. RESULTS The response rate was 56.5% (n = 26/46). The NT thickness threshold for which invasive diagnosis testing is performed is 3.0mm in 23.1% of centers (n = 6/26) and 3.5mm in 76.9% of centers (n = 20/26). A CMA was performed alone in 26.9% of centers (n = 7/26) while 7.7% of centers (n = 2/26) did not perform a CMA. The gestational age for the first reference ultrasound scan was 16 to 18 WG in 88.5% of centers (n = 23/26), while it was not performed before 22 WG in 11.5% of centers (n = 3/26). Fetal echocardiography is proposed systematically in 73.1% of centers (n = 19/26). CONCLUSION There is heterogeneity in the management of increased NT in the first trimester among the CPDPNs in France. In case of increased NT on first trimester ultrasound scan, the NT thickness threshold for which invasive diagnosis testing is performed varies from 3.0 mm or 3.5mm depending on the center. Moreover, CMA and early reference morphological ultrasound scan between 16 and 18 WG were not systematically performed, despite the current data suggesting their interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon De Vriendt
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie Sarrau
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Vincienne
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Perrine Prier
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Naudion
- Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Barraza-Núñez N, Pérez-Núñez R, Gaete-Ramírez B, Barrios-Garrido A, Arriagada C, Poksay K, John V, Barnier JV, Cárdenas AM, Caviedes P. Pharmacological Inhibition of p-21 Activated Kinase (PAK) Restores Impaired Neurite Outgrowth and Remodeling in a Cellular Model of Down Syndrome. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:256-269. [PMID: 36867391 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by the trisomy of chromosome 21 and by cognitive deficits that have been related to neuronal morphological alterations in humans, as well as in animal models. The gene encoding for amyloid precursor protein (APP) is present in autosome 21, and its overexpression in DS has been linked to neuronal dysfunction, cognitive deficit, and Alzheimer's disease-like dementia. In particular, the neuronal ability to extend processes and branching is affected. Current evidence suggests that APP could also regulate neurite growth through its role in the actin cytoskeleton, in part by influencing p21-activated kinase (PAK) activity. The latter effect is carried out by an increased abundance of the caspase cleavage-released carboxy-terminal C31 fragment. In this work, using a neuronal cell line named CTb, which derived from the cerebral cortex of a trisomy 16 mouse, an animal model of human DS, we observed an overexpression of APP, elevated caspase activity, augmented cleavage of the C-terminal fragment of APP, and increased PAK1 phosphorylation. Morphometric analyses showed that inhibition of PAK1 activity with FRAX486 increased the average length of the neurites, the number of crossings per Sholl ring, the formation of new processes, and stimulated the loss of processes. Considering our results, we propose that PAK hyperphosphorylation impairs neurite outgrowth and remodeling in the cellular model of DS, and therefore we suggest that PAK1 may be a potential pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barraza-Núñez
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Pérez-Núñez
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Gaete-Ramírez
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Barrios-Garrido
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Arriagada
- Department of Anatomy & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Varghese John
- Department of Neurology, Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, UMR 9197, CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pablo Caviedes
- Program of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology & Materials, Faculty of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Velez LM, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Seldin MM, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Dysregulated systemic metabolism in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101666. [PMID: 36587842 PMCID: PMC9841171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trisomy 21 is one of the most complex genetic perturbations compatible with postnatal survival. Dosage imbalance arising from the triplication of genes on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) affects multiple organ systems. Much of Down syndrome (DS) research, however, has focused on addressing how aneuploidy dysregulates CNS function leading to cognitive deficit. Although obesity, diabetes, and associated sequelae such as fatty liver and dyslipidemia are well documented in the DS population, only limited studies have been conducted to determine how gene dosage imbalance affects whole-body metabolism. Here, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of key metabolic parameters across different physiological states in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model of DS. METHODS Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were subjected to comprehensive metabolic phenotyping under basal (chow-fed) state and the pathophysiological state of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). RNA sequencing of liver, skeletal muscle, and two major fat depots were conducted to determine the impact of aneuploidy on tissue transcriptome. Pathway enrichments, gene-centrality, and key driver estimates were performed to provide insights into tissue autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms contributing to the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. RESULTS Under the basal state, chow-fed Ts65Dn mice of both sexes had elevated locomotor activity and energy expenditure, reduced fasting serum cholesterol levels, and mild glucose intolerance. Sexually dimorphic deterioration in metabolic homeostasis became apparent when mice were challenged with a high-fat diet. While obese Ts65Dn mice of both sexes exhibited dyslipidemia, male mice also showed impaired systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced mitochondrial activity, and elevated fibrotic and inflammatory gene signatures in the liver and adipose tissue. Systems-level analysis highlighted conserved pathways and potential endocrine drivers of adipose-liver crosstalk that contribute to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS A combined alteration in the expression of trisomic and disomic genes in peripheral tissues contribute to metabolic dysregulations in Ts65Dn mice. These data lay the groundwork for understanding the impact of aneuploidy on in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Farley SJ, Grishok A, Zeldich E. Shaking up the silence: consequences of HMGN1 antagonizing PRC2 in the Down syndrome brain. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 36463299 PMCID: PMC9719135 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a well-known hallmark of Down Syndrome (DS) that results from the triplication of the critical region of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Major studies were conducted in recent years to gain an understanding about the contribution of individual triplicated genes to DS-related brain pathology. Global transcriptomic alterations and widespread changes in the establishment of neural lineages, as well as their differentiation and functional maturity, suggest genome-wide chromatin organization alterations in trisomy. High Mobility Group Nucleosome Binding Domain 1 (HMGN1), expressed from HSA21, is a chromatin remodeling protein that facilitates chromatin decompaction and is associated with acetylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac), a mark correlated with active transcription. Recent studies causatively linked overexpression of HMGN1 in trisomy and the development of DS-associated B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). HMGN1 has been shown to antagonize the activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and prevent the deposition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation mark (H3K27me3), which is associated with transcriptional repression and gene silencing. However, the possible ramifications of the increased levels of HMGN1 through the derepression of PRC2 target genes on brain cell pathology have not gained attention. In this review, we discuss the functional significance of HMGN1 in brain development and summarize accumulating reports about the essential role of PRC2 in the development of the neural system. Mechanistic understanding of how overexpression of HMGN1 may contribute to aberrant brain cell phenotypes in DS, such as altered proliferation of neural progenitors, abnormal cortical architecture, diminished myelination, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in trisomy 21, will facilitate the development of DS therapeutic approaches targeting chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Farley
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alla Grishok
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Guo QN, Wang L, Liu ZY, Wang HD, Wang L, Long JG, Liao SX. Different effects of maternal homocysteine concentration, MTHFR and MTRR genetic polymorphisms on the occurrence of fetal aneuploidy. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:1207-1215. [PMID: 36210274 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do maternal homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, MTHFR and MTRR genes have effects on the occurrence of fetal aneuploidy? DESIGN A total of 619 aneuploidy mothers and 192 control mothers were recruited in this study. Differences in distributions of maternal MTHFR 677C>T, MTHFR 1298A>C and MTRR 66A>G genetic polymorphisms and maternal Hcy concentrations between aneuploidy mothers and control mothers were analysed. RESULTS The maternal MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of many fetal non-mosaic aneuploidies studied here, including trisomies 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, TRA and TS. The maternal MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphism was found to be a risk factor specifically associated with the occurrence of fetal trisomy 15 and fetal TS. The maternal MTRR 66A>G polymorphism was found to be a risk factor only specifically associated with the occurrence of fetal trisomy 21. The Hcy concentrations of mothers of trisomies 22, 21, 18, 16, 15 and TS fetuses were significantly higher than the Hcy concentrations of control mothers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, data suggested an association between these maternal polymorphisms and the susceptibility of fetal non-mosaic trisomy and Turner syndrome. However, these three maternal polymorphisms had different associations with the susceptibility of different fetal aneuploidies, and the elevated maternal Hcy concentration appeared to be a likely risk factor for fetal Turner syndrome and fetal trisomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Guo
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shanxi 710049, China; Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinyang Henan 464000, China
| | - Hong-Dan Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China
| | - Jian-Gang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shanxi 710049, China.
| | - Shi-Xiu Liao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China; Henan Cheng-xin Institute of Forensic Clinical Judicial Authentication, Zhengzhou Henan 450003, China.
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11
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Rose NC, Barrie ES, Malinowski J, Jenkins GP, McClain MR, LaGrave D, Leung ML. Systematic evidence-based review: The application of noninvasive prenatal screening using cell-free DNA in general-risk pregnancies. Genet Med 2022; 24:1379-1391. [PMID: 35608568 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) using cell-free DNA has been assimilated into prenatal care. Prior studies examined clinical validity and technical performance in high-risk populations. This systematic evidence review evaluates NIPS performance in a general-risk population. METHODS Medline (PubMed) and Embase were used to identify studies examining detection of Down syndrome (T21), trisomy 18 (T18), trisomy 13 (T13), sex chromosome aneuploidies, rare autosomal trisomies, copy number variants, and maternal conditions, as well as studies assessing the psychological impact of NIPS and the rate of subsequent diagnostic testing. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled estimates of NIPS performance (P < .05). Heterogeneity was investigated through subgroup analyses. Risk of bias was assessed. RESULTS A total of 87 studies met inclusion criteria. Diagnostic odds ratios were significant (P < .0001) for T21, T18, and T13 for singleton and twin pregnancies. NIPS was accurate (≥99.78%) in detecting sex chromosome aneuploidies. Performance for rare autosomal trisomies and copy number variants was variable. Use of NIPS reduced diagnostic tests by 31% to 79%. Conclusions regarding psychosocial outcomes could not be drawn owing to lack of data. Identification of maternal conditions was rare. CONCLUSION NIPS is a highly accurate screening method for T21, T18, and T13 in both singleton and twin pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Rose
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elizabeth S Barrie
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco L Leung
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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- American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Sait S, Alamoudi S, Zawawi F. Management outcomes of otitis media with effusion in children with down syndrome: A systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 156:111092. [PMID: 35290945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assesses the current state of uncertainty concerning the management options used for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children with trisomy 21. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review of adhering to the PRISMA statement of studies evaluating the management of OME in trisomy 21 children prior to September 2021 was conducted. Studies were identified using the following medical databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus and Medline. Data extraction was performed by screening of titles and abstracts based on eligibility criteria, followed by full-article analysis of selected records. RESULTS Twenty articles were included in this review. Studies showed conflicting outcomes regarding the different interventions used for OME in children with trisomy 21. Of those evaluating pressure equalizing tubes (PET), some studies report pronounced complication rates and recommend using a conservative approach unless complications arise and/or hearing loss is severe. In contrast, other studies reported significantly reduced complication rates and improved hearing with earlier intervention and adaptations to PETs. Hearing aids may be provided after multiple failed PETs. CONCLUSION Clinical equipoise still persists regarding the best method to manage children with trisomy 21 who have OME. Although PETs exhibited the lowest complication rates and highest improvement rates, further prospective trials are warranted to assess the various treatment modalities and determine which of them would provide the best outcome while reducing complications as well as the age of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Sait
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alamoudi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Zawawi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Panagaki T, Lozano-Montes L, Janickova L, Zuhra K, Szabo MP, Majtan T, Rainer G, Maréchal D, Herault Y, Szabo C. Overproduction of hydrogen sulfide, generated by cystathionine β-synthase, disrupts brain wave patterns and contributes to neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of down syndrome. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102233. [PMID: 35042677 PMCID: PMC9039679 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel rat model of Down syndrome (DS), the functional role of the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway was investigated on the pathogenesis of brain wave pattern alterations and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Increased expression of CBS and subsequent overproduction of H2S was observed in the brain of DS rats, with CBS primarily localizing to astrocytes and the vasculature. DS rats exhibited neurobehavioral defects, accompanied by a loss of gamma brain wave activity and a suppression of the expression of multiple pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Aminooxyacetate, a prototypical pharmacological inhibitor of CBS, increased the ability of the DS brain tissue to generate ATP in vitro and reversed the electrophysiological and neurobehavioral alterations in vivo. Thus, the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in DS, most likely through dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lozano-Montes
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Janickova
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marcell P Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Damien Maréchal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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14
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Shi J, Tan P, Han D, Zhang R, Li J, Zhang R. Non-invasive prenatal screening for foetal trisomy: An assessment of reliability and reporting. Clin Biochem 2021:S0009-9120(21)00312-X. [PMID: 34843730 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has been introduced as a routine screening technique for aneuploidies in the clinic. To evaluate its reliability and reporting standardization, the National Center for Clinical Laboratories launched an external quality assessment (EQA) program based on highly simulated samples. METHODS Maternal and child paired cell lines were digested by enzymes to obtain DNA fragments for the analysis panel, which were composed of 5% T21, 5% T18, 10% T13, 10% euploid, and 20% T18 samples. The samples were validated and distributed to laboratories along with scenarios and questionnaires for analysis. RESULTS Out of 350 participating laboratories, 98.6% correctly identified all samples. The concurrence rates of laboratories for the 5% T21, 5% T18, 10% T13, 10% euploid, and 20% T18 samples were 98.9%, 99.7%, 99.7%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Enrichment increased the foetal fraction (FF) values by 2 ∼ 3-fold, but the z scores generated by the enrichment group fluctuated greatly. Other FF estimation techniques, such as the size-based and FF-QuantSC methods, generated slightly different FF values from the chr Y-based method. Furthermore, some laboratories omitted the suggestions of results in reports. CONCLUSIONS The participating laboratories provided highly reliable results for samples with relatively higher FF values. However, the absence of performance validation, laboratory errors, and low FF values were potential reasons for false-negative results. In addition, enrichment operations should be validated and normalized to guarantee NIPS reproducibility, plus further efforts are required to standardize the NIPS reports.
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15
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Abstract
Patients with chromosomal abnormalities are at risk for numerous neurosurgical pathologies, given the broad impact and multisystem involvement of these disorders. Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), and velocardiofacial or DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion) are particularly associated with neurosurgical concerns. Given the heterogeneity of concerns and presentations, these patients benefit from multidisciplinary care provided by teams familiar with their specific syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Stadler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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16
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Lemskaya NA, Romanenko SA, Rezakova MA, Filimonova EA, Prokopov DY, Dolskiy AA, Perelman PL, Maksimova YV, Shorina AR, Yudkin DV. A rare familial rearrangement of chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability: a clinical and molecular study. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:47. [PMID: 34607577 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are many reports on rearrangements occurring separately in the regions of chromosomes 9p and 15q affected in the case under study. 15q duplication syndrome is caused by the presence of at least one extra maternally derived copy of the Prader–Willi/Angelman critical region. Trisomy 9p is the fourth most frequent chromosome anomaly with a clinically recognizable syndrome often accompanied by intellectual disability. Here we report a new case of a patient with maternally derived unique complex sSMC resulting in partial trisomy of both chromosomes 9 and 15 associated with intellectual disability. Case presentation We characterise a supernumerary derivative chromosome 15: 47,XY,+der(15)t(9;15)(p21.2;q13.2), likely resulting from 3:1 malsegregation during maternal gametogenesis. Chromosomal analysis showed that a phenotypically normal mother is a carrier of balanced translocation t(9;15)(p21.1;q13.2). Her 7-year-old son showed signs of intellectual disability and a number of physical abnormalities including bilateral cryptorchidism and congenital megaureter. The child’s magnetic resonance imaging showed changes in brain volume and in structural and functional connectivity revealing phenotypic changes caused by the presence of the extra chromosome material, whereas the mother’s brain MRI was normal. Sequence analyses of the microdissected der(15) chromosome detected two breakpoint regions: HSA9:25,928,021-26,157,441 (9p21.2 band) and HSA15:30,552,104-30,765,905 (15q13.2 band). The breakpoint region on chromosome HSA9 is poor in genetic features with several areas of high homology with the breakpoint region on chromosome 15. The breakpoint region on HSA15 is located in the area of a large segmental duplication. Conclusions We discuss the case of these phenotypic and brain MRI features in light of reported signatures for 9p partial trisomy and 15 duplication syndromes and analyze how the genomic characteristics of the found breakpoint regions have contributed to the origin of the derivative chromosome. We recommend MRI for all patients with a developmental delay, especially in cases with identified rearrangements, to accumulate more information on brain phenotypes related to chromosomal syndromes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-021-00565-y.
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17
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Anderson CC, Marentette JO, Prutton KM, Rauniyar AK, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Maclean KN, Saba LM, Roede JR. Trisomy 21 results in modest impacts on mitochondrial function and central carbon metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:201-212. [PMID: 34129926 PMCID: PMC8355208 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Mechanistically, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are reported to be etiological factors for many of the DS-related comorbidities and have previously been reported in a number of in vitro and in vivo models of DS. The purpose of this study was to test for the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in fibroblast cells obtained via skin biopsy from individuals with DS, and to assess the impact of trisomy 21 on central carbon metabolism. Using extracellular flux assays in matched dermal fibroblasts from euploid and DS individuals, we found that basal mitochondrial dysfunction is quite mild. Stressing the cells with a cocktail of mitochondrial stressors revealed a significant mitochondrial deficit in DS cells compared to euploid controls. Evaluation of extracellular acidification rate did not reveal a baseline abnormality in glycolysis; however, metabolomic assessments utilizing isotopically labeled glucose and glutamine revealed altered central carbon metabolism in DS cells. Specifically, we observed greater glucose dependency, uptake and flux into the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway in DS fibroblasts. Furthermore, using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) we found that mitochondrial function in DS iPSCs was similar to the previously published studies employing fetal cells. Together, these data indicate that aberrant central carbon metabolism is a candidate mechanism for stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Kendra M Prutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Abhishek K Rauniyar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, USA
| | | | - Kenneth N Maclean
- Department of Pediatrics, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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18
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Shrestha BM, Shrestha D, Shrestha S, Bist A, Kharel S, Koirala DP. Hirschsprung disease with Edward syndrome: A rare association: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 84:106084. [PMID: 34118558 PMCID: PMC8196216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Edward's syndrome (ES) occurs as a result of trisomy of chromosome 18 and is associated with multisystem congenital anomalies. The association of ES with various gastrointestinal malformations but Hirschsprung disease (HD) is well documented. CASE PRESENTATION A female infant on her 5th day of life presented with episodes of bilious vomiting along with abdominal distension and no passage of stool. The child had a small head and prominent occiput, low set abnormal ears, small jaw, upturned nose, widely spaced eyes, small neck with widely spaced nipples, clenched hands with overlapping fingers, flexed big toe, and prominent heels. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Edward syndrome is associated with multisystem congenital abnormalities of which gastrointestinal abnormalities make up the most part. The condition can be identified by fetal ultrasound screening. Surgical correction of associated congenital anomalies at different times along with lifelong supportive management is important. CONCLUSIONS Edward syndrome can present as Hirschsprung disease as a part of associated gastrointestinal Malformation. Often, early identification and termination of the pregnancy in antenatal life can reduce the suffering. Surgical correction of associated anomalies along with supportive care forms the cornerstone of management. However, the prognosis remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diwan Shrestha
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suraj Shrestha
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anil Bist
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjeev Kharel
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Dinesh Prasad Koirala
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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19
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La Verde M, De Falco L, Torella A, Savarese G, Savarese P, Ruggiero R, Conte A, Fico V, Torella M, Fico A. Performance of cell-free DNA sequencing-based non-invasive prenatal testing: experience on 36,456 singleton and multiple pregnancies. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:93. [PMID: 33785045 PMCID: PMC8011149 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This paper describes the clinical practice and performance of cell-free DNA sequencing-based non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a screening method for fetal trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13) and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) in a general Italian pregnancy population. Methods The AMES-accredited laboratory offers NIPT in maternal blood as a screening test for fetal T21, T18, T13 and SCA. Samples were sequenced on a NextSeq 550 (Illumina) using the VeriSeq NIPT Solution v1 assay. Results A retrospective analysis was performed on 36,456 consecutive maternal blood samples, including 35,650 singleton pregnancies, 800 twin pregnancies, and 6 triplet pregnancies. Samples were tested between April 2017 and September 2019. The cohort included 46% elevated-risk and 54% low-risk patients. A result indicative of a classic trisomy was found in 356 (1%) of singleton or twin samples: 254 T21, 69 T18, and 33 T13. In addition, 145 results (0.4%) were indicative of a SCA. Of the combined 501 screen-positive cases, 484 had confirmatory diagnostic testing. NIPT results were confirmed in 99.2% (247/249) of T21 cases, 91.2% (62/68) of T18 cases, 84.4% (27/32) of T13 cases, and 86.7% (117/135) of SCA cases. In the 35,955 cases reported as unaffected by a classic trisomy or SCA, no false negative cases were reported. Assuming that false negative results would be reported, the sensitivity of NIPT was 100.00% for T21 (95% Cl 98.47–100.0), T18 (95% Cl 94.17–100.0), and T13 (95% Cl 87.54–100.0). The specificities were 99.99% (95% Cl 99.98–100.0), 99.98% (95% Cl 99.96–100.0), 99.99% (95% Cl 99.97–100.0), and 99.95% (95% Cl 99.92–99.97) for T21, T18, T13, and SCA, respectively. Conclusion This retrospective analysis of a large cohort of consecutive patients who had whole-genome sequencing-based NIPT for classic trisomies and SCA shows excellent detection rates and low false positive rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00941-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia De Falco
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Conte
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Fico
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Torella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Fico
- AMES, Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale, Srl, Naples, Italy
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20
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Qu S, Zhang Y, Yang X, Tan Y, Li M, Yang X, Zhou L, Chen D, Chen Y, Yan M, Wang Q, Yu T, Sun N, Jiang H, Su F, Di Y, Lin G, Yuan Y, Chen F, Mu F, Huang J. The Setup and Application of Reference Material in Sequencing-Based Noninvasive Prenatal Testing. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021; 86:123-131. [PMID: 33784691 DOI: 10.1159/000513472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sequencing-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been successfully integrated into clinical practice and facilitated the early detection of fetal chromosomal anomalies. However, a comprehensive reference material to evaluate and quality control NIPT services from different NIPT providers remains unavailable. METHODS In this study, we established a set of NIPT reference material consisting of 192 simulated samples. Most of the potential factors influencing the accuracy of NIPT, such as fetal fraction, mosaicism, and interfering substances, were included in the reference material. We compared the performance of chromosomal abnormalities detection on 3 widely used sequencers (NextSeq 500, BGISEQ-500, and Ion Proton) based on the reference material. RESULTS All 3 sequencers provided highly accurate and reliable results to samples with ≥3.5% fetal fractions and high percentage of mosaicism. CONCLUSIONS The established reference material can serve as a universal standard quality control for the current and new-coming NIPT providers based on various sequencers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufang Qu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | | | - Xin Yang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yueqiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Li
- Guangzhou Darui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuexi Yang
- R&D, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- BGI-Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Ting Yu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yufen Di
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Feng Mu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
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21
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Zhu H, Jin X, Xu Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Jin J, Qian Y, Dong M. Efficiency of non-invasive prenatal screening in pregnant women at advanced maternal age. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:86. [PMID: 33499806 PMCID: PMC7836475 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used as the alternative choice for pregnant women at high-risk of fetal aneuploidy. However, whether NIPS has a good detective efficiency for pregnant women at advanced maternal age (AMA) has not been fully studied especially in Chinese women. Methods Twenty-nine thousand three hundred forty-three pregnant women at AMA with singleton pregnancy who received NIPS and followed-up were recruited. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Youden Index for detecting fetal chromosomal aneuploidies were analyzed. The relationship between maternal age and common fetal chromosomal aneuploidy was observed. Results The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of NIPS for detecting fetal trisomy 21 were 99.11, 99.96, 90.98, and 100%, respectively. These same parameters for detecting fetal trisomy 18 were 100, 99.94, 67.92, and 100%, respectively. Finally, these parameters for detecting trisomy 13 were 100, 99.96, 27.78, and 100%, respectively. The prevalence of fetal trisomy 21 increased exponentially with maternal age. The high-risk percentage incidence rate of fetal trisomy 21 was significantly higher in the pregnant women at 37 years old or above than that in pregnant women at 35 to 37 years old. (Youden index = 37). Conclusion It is indicated that NIPS is an effective prenatal screening method for pregnant women at AMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, China.,Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314051, China
| | - Jinglei Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Del Gobbo GF, Yin Y, Choufani S, Butcher EA, Wei J, Rajcan-Separovic E, Bos H, von Dadelszen P, Weksberg R, Robinson WP, Yuen RKC. Genomic imbalances in the placenta are associated with poor fetal growth. Mol Med 2021; 27:3. [PMID: 33413077 PMCID: PMC7792164 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risks for complications before, during, and after birth, in addition to risk of disease through to adulthood. Although placental insufficiency, failure to supply the fetus with adequate nutrients, underlies most cases of FGR, its causes are diverse and not fully understood. One of the few diagnosable causes of placental insufficiency in ongoing pregnancies is the presence of large chromosomal imbalances such as trisomy confined to the placenta; however, the impact of smaller copy number variants (CNVs) has not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we confirm the importance of placental aneuploidy, and assess the potential contribution of CNVs to fetal growth. Methods We used molecular-cytogenetic approaches to identify aneuploidy in placentas from 101 infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA), typically used as a surrogate for FGR, and from 173 non-SGA controls from uncomplicated pregnancies. We confirmed aneuploidies and assessed mosaicism by microsatellite genotyping. We then profiled CNVs using high-resolution microarrays in a subset of 53 SGA and 61 control euploid placentas, and compared the load, impact, gene enrichment and clinical relevance of CNVs between groups. Candidate CNVs were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Results Aneuploidy was over tenfold more frequent in SGA-associated placentas compared to controls (11.9% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.0002, OR = 11.4, 95% CI 2.5–107.4), was confined to the placenta, and typically involved autosomes, whereas only sex chromosome abnormalities were observed in controls. We found no significant difference in CNV load or number of placental-expressed or imprinted genes in CNVs between SGA and controls, however, a rare and likely clinically-relevant germline CNV was identified in 5.7% of SGA cases. These CNVs involved candidate genes INHBB, HSD11B2, CTCF, and CSMD3. Conclusions We conclude that placental genomic imbalances at the cytogenetic and submicroscopic level may underlie up to ~ 18% of SGA cases in our population. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying causes of placental insufficiency and FGR, which is important for counselling and prediction of long term outcomes for affected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia F Del Gobbo
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Yue Yin
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emma A Butcher
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Hayley Bos
- Department of Perinatology, Victoria General Hospital, 1 Hospital Way, Victoria, V8Z 6R5, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Suite 930, 1125 Howe St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2K8, Canada
| | - Peter von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EU, UK
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Suite 940, 525 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Wendy P Robinson
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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23
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Srour SA, Saliba RM, Bashir Q, Popat UR, Ahmed S, Mehta RS, Delgado R, Rondon G, Parmar S, Kebriaei P, Hosing C, Manasanch EE, Lee HC, Patel KK, Orlowski RZ, Shpall E, Champlin RE, Qazilbash MH, Nieto Y. Influence of Overlapping Genetic Abnormalities on Treatment Outcomes of Multiple Myeloma. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:243.e1-6. [PMID: 33781521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic abnormalities affect treatment outcomes in multiple myeloma. The role of coexistent trisomy or hyperdiploidy and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CGAs) is not well defined. We assessed the influence of overlapping genetic abnormalities in patients who received frontline autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 491 consecutive patients between January 2009 and January 2016 were identified. High-risk CGAs included del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), and gain 1q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and del(13) by conventional cytogenetics. Thirty-two percent had a trisomy, 27% had a high-risk CGA, and 11% had both. Among patients with any trisomy, 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 60% and 90%, respectively, compared to 25% and 65%, respectively, for patients with any high-risk CGA. Patients with co-existent trisomy and high-risk CGAs had 3-year PFS and OS of 43% and 89%, respectively, whereas those with isolated high-risk CGAs without trisomy had 3-year PFS and OS of 13% and 49%, respectively. The PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.3; P = .02) and OS (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 13; P = .006) were worse for high-risk CGAs without versus those with concurrent trisomies. Our findings suggest a protective impact of trisomies in patients with high-risk CGAs and a potential need for revised risk stratification assessments to account for overlapping genetic abnormalities.
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24
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Suzumori N, Sekizawa A, Takeda E, Samura O, Sasaki A, Akaishi R, Wada S, Hamanoue H, Hirahara F, Sawai H, Nakamura H, Yamada T, Miura K, Masuzaki H, Nakayama S, Kamei Y, Namba A, Murotsuki J, Yamaguchi M, Tairaku S, Maeda K, Kaji T, Okamoto Y, Endo M, Ogawa M, Kasai Y, Ichizuka K, Yamada N, Ida A, Miharu N, Kawaguchi S, Hasuo Y, Okazaki T, Ichikawa M, Izumi S, Kuno N, Yotsumoto J, Nishiyama M, Shirato N, Hirose T, Sago H. Retrospective details of false-positive and false-negative results in non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:75-81. [PMID: 33171421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes associated with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) results were analysed retrospectively to assess the details of false-positive and false-negative results after initial blood sampling in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). STUDY DESIGN A multicentre retrospective study was performed for women undergoing NIPT who received discordant cfDNA results between April 2013 and March 2018. The NIPT data obtained using massive parallel sequencing were studied in terms of maternal background, fetal fraction, z-scores, invasive procedure results and neonatal outcomes after birth. RESULTS Of the 56,545 women who participated in this study, 54 false-positive (0.095 %) and three false-negative (0.006 %) cases were found. Seven of the 54 false-positive cases (13.0 %) had vanishing twin on ultrasonography. Among the 18 false-positive cases of trisomy 18, confined placental mosaicism (CPM) was confirmed in three cases (16.7 %), while CPM was present in one of the three false-negative cases of trisomy 21. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the incidence of women with false-positive or false-negative results is relatively low, that such false results can often be explained, and that vanishing twin and CPM are potential causes of NIPT failure. Genetic counselling with regard to false results is important for clients prior to undergoing NIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzumori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Sasaki
- Centre for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Akaishi
- Centre for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Wada
- Centre for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Hamanoue
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiki Hirahara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Setsuko Nakayama
- Boshi-Aiikukai Maternal & Child Health Center, Aiiku Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kamei
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Namba
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Murotsuki
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinya Tairaku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shikoku Medical Centre for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Osaka Women's and Child's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Kasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Ichizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akinori Ida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kobe Adventist Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Norio Miharu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chugokudenryoku Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hasuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Centre, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okazaki
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ichikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AOI Nagoya Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Yotsumoto
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishiyama
- Centre for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Shirato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuko Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Centre for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Glover KA, Harvey AC, Hansen TJ, Fjelldal PG, Besnier FN, Bos JB, Ayllon F, Taggart JB, Solberg MF. Chromosome aberrations in pressure-induced triploid Atlantic salmon. BMC Genet 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 32505176 PMCID: PMC7276064 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triploid organisms have three sets of chromosomes. In Atlantic salmon, hydrostatic pressure treatment of newly fertilized eggs has been extensively used to produce triploids which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. These fish often perform poorly on commercial farms, sometimes without explanation. Inheritance patterns in individuals subjected to pressure treatment have not been investigated in Atlantic salmon thus far. However, work on other species suggests that this treatment can result in aberrant inheritance. We therefore studied this in Atlantic salmon by genotyping 16 polymorphic microsatellites in eyed eggs and juveniles which had been subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy. Communally reared juveniles including fish subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy and their diploid siblings were included as a control. RESULTS No diploid offspring were detected in any of the eggs or juveniles which were subjected to hydrostatic pressure; therefore, the induction of triploidy was highly successful. Aberrant inheritance was nevertheless observed in 0.9% of the eggs and 0.9% of the juveniles that had been subjected to pressure treatment. In the communally reared fish, 0.3% of the fish subjected to pressure treatment displayed aberrant inheritance, while their diploid controls displayed 0% aberrant inheritance. Inheritance errors included two eyed eggs lacking maternal DNA across all microsatellites, and, examples in both eggs and juveniles of either the maternal or paternal allele lacking in one of the microsatellites. All individuals displaying chromosome aberrations were otherwise triploid. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to document aberrant inheritance in Atlantic salmon that have been subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy. Our experiments unequivocally demonstrate that even when induction of triploidy is highly successful, this treatment can cause chromosome aberrations in this species. Based upon our novel data, and earlier studies in other organisms, we hypothesize that in batches of Atlantic salmon where low to modest triploid induction rates have been reported, aberrant inheritance is likely to be higher than the rates observed here. Therefore, we tentatively suggest that this could contribute to the unexplained poor performance of triploid salmon that is occasionally reported in commercial aquaculture. These hypotheses require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Glover
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A C Harvey
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | - T J Hansen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - F N Besnier
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - J B Bos
- ZEBCARE, Nederweert, The Netherlands
| | - F Ayllon
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - M F Solberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Genetic disorders of sex development in cats: An update. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 216:106353. [PMID: 32414464 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSD) are rarely reported in cats, but this does not mean these occurrences are an insignificant reproductive and health problem in this species. The DSD condition affects reproduction and can be associated with an increased risk of gonadal tumorigenesis. In this review, an overview of findings since 2012 are presented that focus on cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies of cats with abnormal external genitalia. Results from advanced cytogenetic analysis of sex chromosomes indicate there is a range of abnormalities, including aneuploidies, structural rearrangements and freemartinism, which manifests as leukocyte XX/XY chimerism. The molecular abnormalities that result in feline monogenic and multifactorial DSD (such as hypospadias and cryptorchidism) are very few. There are only two mutations of genes (CYP11B1 and TAC3) which are known to be responsible for syndromes associated with abnormal sexual development. Several candidate genes (SRY, AR, SRD5A2, MAMLD1, DHH, HSD3B2, and HSD17B3) have also been examined, but no associations were identified between these polymorphisms and DSD phenotypes. The findings in developing the present review indicate sex chromosome abnormalities are quite common causes of feline DSD. The study of the molecular disorders that lead to the development of DSD in cats with normal XX or XY sex chromosome complements is still in its infancy, and further research is needed into this topic. It can be anticipated that the use of next generation sequencing technologies to study the genetic disorders that result in the DSD condition in cats will lead to an increase the detection of several causative mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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27
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Motevasselian M, Saleh Gargari S, Younesi S, Pooransari P, Saadati P, Mirzamoradi M, Savad S, Taheri Amin MM, Modarresi MH, Afrakhteh M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Non-invasive prenatal test to screen common trisomies in twin pregnancies. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:5. [PMID: 32042312 PMCID: PMC7003371 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-0475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent years have witnessed a shift from invasive methods of prenatal screening to non-invasive strategies. Accordingly, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma has gained a considerable deal of interest from both geneticists and obstetricians. Efficacy of this method in identification of common aneuploidies has been extensively assessed in singleton pregnancies. However, a limited number of studies have addressed the twin pregnancies. In this context, the present study is aimed at identification of the efficacy of NIPT in twin pregnancies. Methods NIPT was performed on twin pregnancies to screen trisomies 13, 18 and 21. Pregnant women referring to Nilou Clinical Laboratory between March 2016 and December 2018 were included in this research. Results In the current study, a total 356 twin pregnancies were screened in search for trisomies 13, 18 and 21. 6 cases exhibited positive NIPT results in which the presence of trisomies 13, 18 and 21 was confirmed by fetal karyotype in 1, 2 and 2 cases, respectively. One twin pregnancy showed normal karyotype. The combined false-positive rate for these trisomies was 0.28%. No false negative case was observed. The combined sensitivity and specificity of NIPT in twin pregnancies were 100 and 99.7%, respectively. Conclusion The results of the current study verify the feasibility, sensitivity and specificity of NIPT in twin pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Motevasselian
- 1Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Saleh Gargari
- 1Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarang Younesi
- Prenatal Screening Department of Nilou Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pooransari
- 1Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Mirzamoradi
- 1Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Savad
- Prenatal Screening Department of Nilou Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Hossein Modarresi
- 3Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Afrakhteh
- 1Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- 4Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Arora T, Caviedes P, Sharma SK. Effects of a Tripeptide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase Activation in a Cell Line Derived from the Foetal Hippocampus of a Trisomy 16 Mouse: an Animal Model of Down Syndrome. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:714-23. [PMID: 31802378 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder that results from the trisomy of chromosome 21. DS patients show several abnormalities including cognitive deficits. Here, we show enhanced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a kinase that critically regulates synaptic plasticity and memory, in a hippocampal cell line derived from trisomy 16 mouse foetus. In addition, these cells show enhanced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). The hyper-activation of ERK and p38 MAPK is significantly reduced by a small peptide, Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), derived from insulin-like growth factor-1. In addition, the trisomic cells show reduced level of inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is enhanced by GPE. Furthermore, the trisomic cells do not show ERK activation in response to KCl depolarization or forskolin treatment. Importantly, ERK activation by these stimuli is observed after GPE treatment of the cells. These results suggest that GPE may help reduce aberrant signalling in the trisomic neurons by affecting MAPK and GSK-3β activation.
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Labonté V, Alsaid D, Lang B, Meerpohl JJ. Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:385. [PMID: 31660889 PMCID: PMC6819451 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomics-based noninvasive prenatal tests (NIPT) allow screening for chromosomal anomalies such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The technique uses cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) that circulates in the maternal blood and is detectable from 5 weeks of gestation onwards. Parents who choose to undergo this relatively new test (introduced in 2011) might be aware of its positive features (i.e. clinical safety and ease of use); however, they might be less aware of the required decisions and accompanying internal conflicts following a potential positive test result. To show the evidence on psychological and social consequences of the use of NIPT, we conducted a scoping review. Methods We systematically searched four electronic databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsychINFO (EBSCO)) for studies that investigated the psychological or social consequences of the use of NIPT by pregnant women or expecting parents. The search was limited to studies published between 2011 and August 8, 2018. We identified 2488 studies and, after removal of duplicates, screened 2007 titles and abstracts, and then assessed 99 articles in full text (both screenings were done independently in duplicate). We included 7 studies in our analysis. Results Five studies assessed anxiety, psychological distress and/or decisional regret among women with validated psychological tests like the Spielberger State Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) or the Decisional Regret Scale (DRS). Two studies assessed women’s experiences with and feelings after NIPT in interviews or focus groups. The included studies were heterogeneous in location, study setting, inclusion criteria, outcome assessment, and other characteristics. Conclusions Only few studies on psychological consequences of NIPT have been identified. The studies assessed only short-term psychological consequences of NIPT at baseline and/or after receiving the results or after giving birth. Studies show that short term anxiety decreased when women received negative NIPT results and that decisional regret was generally low. We could not identify studies on long term consequences of NIPT, as well as studies on women’s partners’ short and long term outcomes, nor on social consequences of NIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Labonté
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Dima Alsaid
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Lang
- Clinical Trial Unit, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Elsässer Str. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Prodan N, Wagner P, Sonek J, Hoopmann M, Mutz A, Brucker S, Kagan KO. First trimester uterine artery pulsatility index levels in euploid and aneuploid pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1559-1564. [PMID: 31616987 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether the uterine artery PI is different in aneuploid and euploid pregnancies. METHODS Retrospective case-matched study at the department of prenatal medicine at the University of Tuebingen, Germany. The study involved patients with complete data on first trimester screening for trisomies and preeclampsia except PlGF. For each case with trisomy 21 we randomly selected 50 cases with a euploid fetus where complete data on screening for aneuploidy and preeclampsia were also available. The uterine artery pulsatility index and the corresponding MoM values of euploid and the aneuploid population were compared with a Man-Whitney U test. RESULTS The dataset consisted of 4591 singleton pregnancies. The karyotype was normal in 4500 cases and was abnormal in the remaining 91 pregnancies. There were 50 pregnancies with trisomy 21, 31 with trisomy 18 and 13, and 10 with triploidy. In the group with euploid fetuses, median uterine artery PI was 1.55 (0.99 MoM). In the group with trisomy 21, the median PI (1.42) and MoM (0.89) levels were both significantly lower than in the euploid (p < 0.001). However, the measurements in the trisomy 18 and 13 [1.61 (0.93 MoM)] and in the triploidy [1.99 (1.13 MoM)] groups were not significantly different from those in the euploid group (p = 0.468 and p = 0.632, respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, uterine artery PI levels in the first trimester are slightly lower in pregnancies with trisomy 21. This knowledge may prove to be useful in cases where a low PAPP-A level is seen on the first trimester maternal serum biochemical evaluation to differentiate whether the more likely cause for this finding is placental dysfunction or aneuploidy, specifically trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prodan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiri Sonek
- Fetal Medicine Foundation USA, Dayton, OH, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Markus Hoopmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin Mutz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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da Rocha MJ, Chiavegatto RB, Damasceno AG, Rocha LC, Souza Sobrinho F, Techio VH. Comparative meiosis and cytogenomic analysis in euploid and aneuploid hybrids of Urochloa P. Beauv. Chromosome Res 2019; 27:333-344. [PMID: 31485871 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Urochloa includes most of the important grasses and hybrids currently used as pastures in the tropical regions. Cytogenetic analyzes have identified some aneuploid hybrids that provide new perspectives for genetic breeding. The objective was to analyze the meiotic behavior in euploid (2n = 4x = 36) and aneuploid (2n = 4x = 36 + 2) hybrids of U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis x U. brizantha. Later, the chromosomes and respective genomes involved in pairing configurations and abnormalities were identified through GISH, with an emphasis on tracking the behavior of the additional chromosomes in the aneuploid hybrid U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens (B1B2B2B2 genomes). The aneuploid U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens shows a higher frequency of univalents, reduction of bivalents, and higher index of irregularities compared with the euploid hybrid. For the aneuploid U. ruziziensis x U. brizantha, there was a reduction in the frequency of univalents, an increase in bivalent and trivalent rates and a lower frequency of abnormalities when compared with the euploid hybrid. The rates of meiotic abnormalities and pairing configurations are parental genotype-dependent and influenced by trisomy. The chromosomes of the B1 and B2 genomes of the aneuploid hybrid (U. ruziziensis x U. decumbens) are involved in the formation of univalents, bivalents, and multivalents in inter-, intra- and inter-intragenomic pairings. In general, the segregation times of chromosomes of the genomes are different, since the chromosomes of the B1 genome segregate more slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Jane da Rocha
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bezerra Chiavegatto
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Damasceno
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Laiane Corsini Rocha
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology/DBI - Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), P.O.Box 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
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Salihoglu A, Soysal T. Trisomy-8-Positive Hematologic Malignancies Associated with Intestinal Behçet's Syndrome: Keep This Entity in Mind. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:194-195. [PMID: 31454797 DOI: 10.1159/000501841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Salihoglu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey,
| | - Teoman Soysal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Masson J, Rossi M, Labalme A, Till M, Trost D, Morin I, Schluth-Bolard C, Sanlaville D. Molecular Characterization of a Familial 13.6-Mb 20p11.1p12.1 Duplication without Clinical Consequence. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 157:141-147. [PMID: 30947196 DOI: 10.1159/000498904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray (CMA) is currently considered as a first-tier test in the genetic assessment of patients presenting with intellectual disability and/or multiple congenital abnormalities. The distinction between pathogenic CNVs, polymorphisms, and variants of unknown significance can be a diagnostic dilemma for cytogeneticists. The size of the CNV has been proposed as a useful criterion. We herein report the characterization of a 13.6-Mb interstitial duplication 20p11.1p12.1, found in a child presenting with mild global developmental delay, by standard karyotype and CMA. Unexpectedly, the same CNV was detected in the patient's mother and pregnant sister, who were healthy. On the basis of these results, an implication of this CNV in the neurological problems observed in the proband was considered to be unlikely. This report underlines the complexity of genetic counseling concerning rare chromosomal abnormalities, when little information is available either in the literature or in international cytogenetic databases.
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Holzer I, Husslein PW, Bettelheim D, Scheidl J, Kiss H, Farr A. Value of increased nuchal translucency in the era of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 145:319-323. [PMID: 30901484 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the value of increased nuchal translucency (NT) at first-trimester screening (FTS) despite the superiority of noninvasive prenatal testing with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for the detection of fetal aneuploidies. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all FTS data from 2005 to 2015 in our department. Only cases with increased NT and euploid karyotype were considered eligible for inclusion. Abnormal findings, diagnostic work-up, and perinatal outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Of 18 084 FTS results, 460 (2.5%) showed increased fetal NT, of which 242 (52.6%) underwent invasive karyotyping and 179 (74.0%) had an aneuploidy. Of the remaining 63 cases, 61 (96.8%) showed an additional sonographic finding at FTS and25 (78.1%) had a major anomaly at the second trimester organ scan. The outcome was termination of pregnancy in 28 (44.4%) cases, fetal demise in 5 (7.9%), delivery of an infant with malformation in 21 (33.3%), and delivery of a healthy infant in 7 (11.1%) cases. CONCLUSION All cases with increased NT would have been detected by cfDNA or by a major sonographic anomaly not later than the second trimester. Routine use of cfDNA, a basic sonogram, and an organ scan could reduce unnecessary work-up and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Holzer
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter W Husslein
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Bettelheim
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Scheidl
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alex Farr
- Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Elkiran YM, Elshafei AM, Abdelgawwad MS, Abdelmaksoud MA. Surgical management of giant scrotal lymphedema in morbidly obese patient with trisomy 21. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2019; 5:71-4. [PMID: 30911704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Huge scrotal lymphedema is a rare problem that affects the patient's lifestyle and leads to physical and emotional disability. It also carries potential challenges for the treating surgeon, especially if the patient is noncompliant or morbidly obese. A 21-year-old morbidly obese trisomy 21 man with huge scrotal lymphedema and buried penis that developed within 2 years presented for excision scrotoplasty with reconstruction of the penis using the original invaginated penile skin. Giant scrotal lymphedema with buried penis can be treated successfully by excision scrotoplasty with preservation of the invaginated healthy penile skin to reconstruct the penis.
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de Campos Moraes I, de Campos Rume G, Souza Sobrinho F, Techio VH. Characterization of aneuploidy in interspecific hybrid between Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. & Evrard) Crins and Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1931-1940. [PMID: 30710232 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the type of aneuploidy present in the hybrid Urochloa ruziziensis × Urochloa decumbens and to confirm the origin of the additional chromosomes through comparative analysis of the hybrid and parental karyotypes. C and CMA banding techniques were used for chromosome differentiation. The parental genotypes showed 36 chromosomes. The hybrid presented plants with 36 + 2 chromosomes and plants with 36 + 1 chromosomes. Urochloa ruziziensis (4x) presented four chromosomes with CMA and C bands co-located in the terminal position. In U. decumbens, four chromosomes presented terminal CMA bands, eight chromosomes were distinguished by C banding with pericentromeric and terminal bands, one chromosome with terminal band at both ends and one chromosome presented one C terminal band. For the hybrid, CMA bands were found on five chromosomes and C bands on seven chromosomes, all in terminal position. Aneuploidy was identified in pairs 3' and 4' in the hybrid plants with 36 + 2 chromosomes, characterizing it as double trisomy. The karyotype of hybrid plants with 36 + 1 chromosomes indicated elimination of the additional chromosome identified in pair 4' and maintenance of trisomy on pair 3'. The comparative analysis of karyotypes indicates that the additional chromosomes that characterize the trisomy were inherited from U. ruziziensis (artificial tetraploid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Campos Moraes
- Department of Biology/DBI-Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Campos Rume
- Department of Biology/DBI-Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fausto Souza Sobrinho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vânia Helena Techio
- Department of Biology/DBI-Plant Cytogenetics Laboratory, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) utilizing next generation sequencing (NGS) is a highly sensitive and specific approach designed to screen for fetal aneuploidy. NIPT was first introduced in 2011 and has been rapidly adopted in a clinical setting because of the improved performance afforded compared with traditional prenatal serum screening options. We describe a PCR-free, paired-end sequencing-based NIPT, the VeriSeq NIPT Solution. This NIPT screens for fetal aneuploidy of chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and Y. Using the validated approach detailed here, users can achieve high sensitivities and specificities for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 as well as sex chromosome aneuploidies with low failure rates. The automated workflow can be completed in 1 day, with only 2 h of hands-on time from a single technician.
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Abstract
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) is a method to determine the copy number of up to 60 genomic DNA sequences in a single multiplex PCR based reaction.MLPA probes consist of two oligonucleotides that can hybridize next to each other on a certain DNA sequence of interest, where they are ligated. All ligated probes are subsequently amplified by PCR using a single set of primers. Each amplified MLPA probe has a unique length and can be visualized and quantified by capillary electrophoresis. As the primers are almost 100% consumed in the PCR reaction, the quantity of each PCR amplicon is proportional to the number of copies of each probe target sequence in the DNA sample. A trisomy 21 can therefore be detected by an approximately 50% increased signal of each chromosome 21 specific probe relative to reference samples.MLPA with the P095 Aneuploidy probemix for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y has been used as a rapid detection method on large numbers of samples from uncultured amniotic fluid or from chorionic villi. As compared to FISH and karyotyping, MLPA is more rapid, has a higher throughput, and is less expensive. MLPA however cannot detect low grade mosaicism, female triploidies, and copy number neutral chromosome abnormalities such as inversions and translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schouten
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul van Vught
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Galjaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Kostenko E, Chantraine F, Vandeweyer K, Schmid M, Lefevre A, Hertz D, Zelle L, Bartha JL, Di Renzo GC. Clinical and Economic Impact of Adopting Noninvasive Prenatal Testing as a Primary Screening Method for Fetal Aneuploidies in the General Pregnancy Population. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 45:413-423. [PMID: 30130800 DOI: 10.1159/000491750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of adopting noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using circulating cell-free DNA as a first-line screening method for trisomy 21, 18, and 13 in the general pregnancy population. METHODS A decision-analytical model was developed to assess the impact of adopting NIPT as a primary screening test compared to conventional screening methods. The model takes the Belgium perspective and includes only the direct medical cost of screening, diagnosis, and procedure-related complications. NIPT costs are EUR 260. Clinical outcomes and the cost per trisomy detected were assessed. Sensitivity analysis measured the impact of NIPT false-positive rate (FPR) on modelled results. RESULTS The cost per trisomy detected was EUR 63,016 for conventional screening versus EUR 66,633 for NIPT, with a difference of EUR 3,617. NIPT reduced unnecessary invasive tests by 94.8%, decreased procedure-related miscarriages by 90.8%, and increased trisomies detected by 29.1%. Increasing the FPR of NIPT (from < 0.01 to 1.0%) increased the average number of invasive procedures required to diagnose a trisomy from 2.2 to 4.5, respectively. CONCLUSION NIPT first-line screening at a reasonable cost is cost-effective and provides better clinical outcomes. However, modelled results are dependent on the adoption of an NIPT with a low FPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alex Lefevre
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc., Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Zheng XZ, Qin XY, Wang P, Xu F, Ma JH, Wang XL, Chen SW, Feng WQ, Zhu L, Yin CH, Wu BQ. [Clinical application of STR genotyping diagnosis for hydatidiform mole and nonmolar gestation]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018; 47:609-15. [PMID: 30107666 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping in the diagnostic workup of molar and non-molar gestations with correlation of histological characteristics. Methods: Six hundred and fifty-six cases were selected based on clinically suspected hydropic abortion and/or molar pregnancy from July 2015 to September 2017 at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. DNA was extracted from dissected chorionic villi and paired maternal endometrial FFPE tissue samples by Simplex OUP™ FFPE DNA Tissue Kit. STR genotyping was performed by PowerPlex 16 HS system. Results: DNA genotyping was informative in 649 of 656 cases, leading to identification of 215 hydatidiform mole gestations and 434 non-molar gestations. Most of non-molar gestations (375 cases, 86.4%) were diploid hydropic abortion. Various trisomy syndromes were found (53 cases, 12.2%), including trisomy 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 13, 16 and 21. Only 2(0.5%) digynic triploid gestations were detected. Moreover, 4 cases (0.9%) of uniparental disomies (homologous or heterologous) were found. There were 196 cases with histologic diagnostic suspicious of hydatidiform moles were accurate sub-classified. Among them, 59 cases hydatidiform moles were under-diagnosed as diploid hydropic abortions, and 28 cases diploid hydropic abortions were over-diagnosed as hydatidiform moles.Compared with partial moles(PHM), there were no specific histomorphological features between the various types of non-molar gestations and partial moles for definitive diagnostic separation. There was no significant difference in the expression of p57(kip2) among PHM, trisomy and diploid hydropic abortions group (P=0.247). Conclusions: STR genotyping can distinguish non-molar gestations from early hydatidiform moles, and efficiently avoid misdiagnosis based only on histological evaluation. Therefore, using STR genotyping, not only can the overdiagnosis of non-molar pregnancy be avoided, but also individualized management can be offered to patients including monitoring of serum hCG.
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Bevilacqua E, Jani JC, Letourneau A, Duiella SF, Kleinfinger P, Lohmann L, Resta S, Cos Sanchez T, Fils JF, Mirra M, Benachi A, Costa JM. Cell-Free DNA Analysis in Maternal Blood: Differences in Estimates between Laboratories with Different Methodologies Using a Propensity Score Approach. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 45:302-311. [PMID: 29898450 DOI: 10.1159/000489124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the failure rate and performance of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing, mainly in terms of detection rates for trisomy 21, performed by 2 laboratories using different analytical methods. METHODS cfDNA testing was performed on 2,870 pregnancies with the HarmonyTM Prenatal Test using the targeted digital analysis of selected regions (DANSR) method, and on 2,635 pregnancies with the "Cerba test" using the genome-wide massively parallel sequencing (GW-MPS) method, with available outcomes. Propensity score analysis was used to match patients between the 2 groups. A comparison of the detection rates for trisomy 21 between the 2 laboratories was made. RESULTS In all, 2,811 patients in the Harmony group and 2,530 patients in the Cerba group had no trisomy 21, 18, or 13. Postmatched comparisons of the patient characteristics indicated a higher no-result rate in the Harmony group (1.30%) than in the Cerba group (0.75%; p = 0.039). All 41 cases of trisomy 21 in the Harmony group and 93 cases in the Cerba group were detected. CONCLUSIONS Both methods of cfDNA testing showed low no-result rates and a comparable performance in detecting trisomy 21; yet GW-MPS had a slightly lower no-result rate than the DANSR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bevilacqua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques C Jani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium,
| | - Alexandra Letourneau
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Silvia F Duiella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Serena Resta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Teresa Cos Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alexandra Benachi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
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Dürrbaum M, Kruse C, Nieken KJ, Habermann B, Storchová Z. The deregulated microRNAome contributes to the cellular response to aneuploidy. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:197. [PMID: 29703144 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aneuploidy, or abnormal chromosome numbers, severely alters cell physiology and is widespread in cancers and other pathologies. Using model cell lines engineered to carry one or more extra chromosomes, it has been demonstrated that aneuploidy per se impairs proliferation, leads to proteotoxic as well as replication stress and triggers conserved transcriptome and proteome changes. Results In this study, we analysed for the first time miRNAs and demonstrate that their expression is altered in response to chromosome gain. The miRNA deregulation is independent of the identity of the extra chromosome and specific to individual cell lines. By cross-omics analysis we demonstrate that although the deregulated miRNAs differ among individual aneuploid cell lines, their known targets are predominantly associated with cell development, growth and proliferation, pathways known to be inhibited in response to chromosome gain. Indeed, we show that up to 72% of these targets are downregulated and the associated miRNAs are overexpressed in aneuploid cells, suggesting that the miRNA changes contribute to the global transcription changes triggered by aneuploidy. We identified hsa-miR-10a-5p to be overexpressed in majority of aneuploid cells. Hsa-miR-10a-5p enhances translation of a subset of mRNAs that contain so called 5’TOP motif and we show that its upregulation in aneuploids provides resistance to starvation-induced shut down of ribosomal protein translation. Conclusions Our work suggests that the changes of the microRNAome contribute on one hand to the adverse effects of aneuploidy on cell physiology, and on the other hand to the adaptation to aneuploidy by supporting translation under adverse conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4556-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Qi H, Xuan ZL, Du Y, Cai LR, Zhang H, Wen XH, Kong XD, Yang K, Mi Y, Fu XX, Cao SB, Wang J, Chen CJ, Liang JB. High resolution global chromosomal aberrations from spontaneous miscarriages revealed by low coverage whole genome sequencing. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 224:21-8. [PMID: 29525519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chromosome aberrations are generally considered as one of the most substantial causative factors contributing to spontaneous miscarriages. Cytogenetic analyses like G-banded karyotype and chromosomal microarray analyses are often performed to further investigate the chromosome status of a miscarried fetus. STUDY DESIGN Here, we describe a novel method, AnnoCNV, to detect DNA copy number variations (CNVs) using low coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS). We investigated the overall frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in 149 miscarriage specimens using AnnoCNV. RESULTS Among 149 fetal miscarriage samples, more than two fifths of them (42.95%, 64) carried at least one chromosomal abnormality, and a subset (40) was identified as autosomal trisomy which account for 26.84% of all samples. We have also developed a robust algorithm in AnnoCNV, which is able to differentiate specifically karyotype 69,XXY from sex chromosomal aneuploidy 45,X, and to identify 45,X/46,XX mosaicism. Lastly, across the whole genome AnnoCNV identifies CNVs, which are associated with both reported symptoms and unknown clinical conditions. CONCLUSION This cost-effective strategy reveals genome wide discovery of chromosome aberrations at higher resolution, which are consistent with parallel investigation conducted by SNP based assay.
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Catic A, Gurbeta L, Kurtovic-Kozaric A, Mehmedbasic S, Badnjevic A. Application of Neural Networks for classification of Patau, Edwards, Down, Turner and Klinefelter Syndrome based on first trimester maternal serum screening data, ultrasonographic findings and patient demographics. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:19. [PMID: 29439729 PMCID: PMC5812210 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The usage of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for genome-enabled classifications and establishing genome-phenotype correlations have been investigated more extensively over the past few years. The reason for this is that ANNs are good approximates of complex functions, so classification can be performed without the need for explicitly defined input-output model. This engineering tool can be applied for optimization of existing methods for disease/syndrome classification. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses are the most frequent tests used in prenatal diagnostic for the early detection of Turner, Klinefelter, Patau, Edwards and Down syndrome. These procedures can be lengthy, repetitive; and often employ invasive techniques so a robust automated method for classifying and reporting prenatal diagnostics would greatly help the clinicians with their routine work. Methods The database consisted of data collected from 2500 pregnant woman that came to the Institute of Gynecology, Infertility and Perinatology “Mehmedbasic” for routine antenatal care between January 2000 and December 2016. During first trimester all women were subject to screening test where values of maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) were measured. Also, fetal nuchal translucency thickness and the presence or absence of the nasal bone was observed using ultrasound. Results The architectures of linear feedforward and feedback neural networks were investigated for various training data distributions and number of neurons in hidden layer. Feedback neural network architecture out performed feedforward neural network architecture in predictive ability for all five aneuploidy prenatal syndrome classes. Feedforward neural network with 15 neurons in hidden layer achieved classification sensitivity of 92.00%. Classification sensitivity of feedback (Elman’s) neural network was 99.00%. Average accuracy of feedforward neural network was 89.6% and for feedback was 98.8%. Conclusion The results presented in this paper prove that an expert diagnostic system based on neural networks can be efficiently used for classification of five aneuploidy syndromes, covered with this study, based on first trimester maternal serum screening data, ultrasonographic findings and patient demographics. Developed Expert System proved to be simple, robust, and powerful in properly classifying prenatal aneuploidy syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Catic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. .,Institute for Gynecology, Perinatology and Infertility "Mehmedbasic", Grbavicka 6a, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Lejla Gurbeta
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Verlab Ltd Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Kurtovic-Kozaric
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senad Mehmedbasic
- Institute for Gynecology, Perinatology and Infertility "Mehmedbasic", Grbavicka 6a, 71000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Almir Badnjevic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Verlab Ltd Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Technical Faculty Bihac, University of Bihac, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Honorato T, Hoek A, Henningsen AK, Pinborg A, Lidegaard O, Mooij T, van Leeuwen F, Land J, Groen H, Haadsma M. Low oocyte yield during IVF treatment and the risk of a trisomic pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 35:685-692. [PMID: 28942116 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A low number of antral follicles may result in the selection of suboptimal oocytes that are prone to meiotic errors. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate women receiving IVF treatment with low oocyte yield (defined as three or fewer oocytes retrieved after ovarian stimulation) who are at an increased risk of a trisomic pregnancy. Data were obtained from Danish and Dutch medical registries between 1983 and 2011. Analyses were carried out in 105 cases and 442 controls matched by age and year of IVF treatment. Cases were women with a trisomic pregnancy (trisomies 13, 18 or 21) resulting from fresh IVF treatment and confirmed by karyotyping. Cases were included regardless of pregnancy outcome. Controls were women with a live born child without a trisomy, resulting from fresh IVF treatment. Low oocyte yield was observed in 6.6% (29/440) of the women, of which 8.4% (7/83) were cases and 6.2% (22/357) controls. Low oocyte yield in IVF treatment was not associated with a higher risk of trisomic pregnancy (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.64 to 3.19). Stratification for female age, adjustment for history of ovarian surgery, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone protocol used did not change the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Honorato
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Karina Henningsen
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Section 4071, Juliane Maries Vej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegård Allé 302650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ojvind Lidegaard
- Gynaecological Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Section 4004, Juliane Maries Vej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Thea Mooij
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor van Leeuwen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolande Land
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Haadsma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ghoshal I, Varashree BS, Belle VS, Prabhu K. Correlation of Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A and Zinc with Calculated Risk Ratio of Dual Test. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC24-BC26. [PMID: 29207696 PMCID: PMC5713718 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28671.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First trimester screening by dual test is the most preferred method of antenatal screening. The detection rate of foetal aneuploidy using dual test is 95%. This test uses maternal serum free β human Chorionic Gonadotropin (free β hCG) and Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) along with maternal demographic and foetal sonographic indices to calculate risk for foetal aneuploidy. PAPP-A is a zinc binding metalloproteinase which is also responsible for placental development and foetal growth. So, zinc might also have some role in first trimester screening. No studies are available substantiating the role of zinc in first trimester screening. AIM To measure and correlate maternal serum zinc with PAPP-A and calculated risk ratio of first trimester screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS PAPP-A and zinc were measured from the serum of 84 pregnant women aged 20-40 years in 11th-13th weeks+6 days of gestation who underwent dual test during their antenatal check-up. Risk calculation was done using Screening Software for Downs Windows Lab (SSDWL). RESULTS Maternal serum PAPP-A showed a significant positive correlation with maternal serum zinc (p-value <0.001). Maternal serum PAPP-A and zinc both showed a significant positive correlation with calculated risk ratio (p-value<0.01). CONCLUSION As PAPP-A is a zinc binding metalloproteinase, zinc showed significant pattern of correlation with aneuploidy risk as shown by PAPP-A. So there could be a possible role for serum zinc in first trimester of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Ghoshal
- Consultant, Department of Biochemistry, Eastern Diagnostic India Limited, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bolar Suryakanth Varashree
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijetha Shenoy Belle
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnananda Prabhu
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Veduta A, Vayna AM, Duta S, Panaitescu A, Popescu F, Bari M, Peltecu G, Nedelea F. The first trimester combined test for aneuploidies - a single center experience. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:2091-2096. [PMID: 28553771 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1336220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present the results of the systematic application of the first trimester combined test for aneuploidies, in a Romanian center. METHODS Since October 2009, in Filantropia Hospital in Bucharest, we have systematically been using the FMF (Fetal Medicine Foundation) combined first trimester test to screen for common aneuploidies at 11 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. We assessed the crown to rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate as well as PAPP-A, and free β-hCG in maternal serum. We evaluated additional first trimester ultrasound markers in most of the cases. The individual risk for aneuploidies was calculated using the FMF algorithm. RESULTS Pregnancy outcome is known for 6030 euploid fetuses and 42 aneuploid fetuses from our screening population. The detection rate for trisomy 21 of the combined test was 87.5% for a screen positive rate of 1.96%. All of the trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 cases were detected prenatally. Some of the trisomy 18 cases proved not to be symptomatic in the first trimester. CONCLUSIONS Our results are similar to those of the main studies on the FMF method of first trimester screening for aneuploidies. Our numbers are small because of limited availability of the very specialized resources involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Veduta
- a Filantropia Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | - Simona Duta
- a Filantropia Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
| | | | | | - Maria Bari
- a Filantropia Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F, Zohaib S, Zafar MS. Outcomes of Dental Implant Therapy in Patients With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017; 17:317-323. [PMID: 29197433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Down syndrome (DS) require an earlier and more frequent tooth replacement than rest of the population. The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze and summarize studies to ascertain the outcomes and survival of dental implants placed in jaws of DS patients. METHODS Using the key words "dental implants," "Down syndrome," and "prosthodontics," an electronic search was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases by 2 authors, S.N. and Z.K., independently. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. To estimate the risk of bias, quality assessment of included studies was carried using the 'Case Reports (CARE) guidelines'. RESULTS Primary search resulted in 156 studies. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and reporting a total of 81 dental implants placed in 36 DS patients. The type of implant loading ranged from immediate to a delay of 1 year after placement of the implant. Implant diameter ranged from 3.3 to 4.5 mm, and height ranged from 8.5 to 18 mm. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years. Of 81 implants placed, 21 implants (26%) were reported as failed. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DS have a higher risk of implant failure. However, the reason for the failure is not very well understood. Although case reports and case series suggest that implant survival is diminished in DS patients, large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to determine the exact mechanism associated with risks of implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sana Zohaib
- School of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Bhaumik P, Bhattacharya M, Ghosh P, Ghosh S, Kumar Dey S. Telomere length analysis in Down syndrome birth. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:20-26. [PMID: 28327364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human reproductive fitness depends upon telomere chemistry. Maternal age, meiotic nondisjunction error and telomere length of mother of trisomic child are someway associated. Reports exhibiting maternal inheritance of telomere length in Down syndrome child are very scanty. To investigate this, we collected peripheral blood from 170 mothers of Down syndrome child and 186 age matched mothers of euploid child with their newly born babies. Telomere length was measured by restriction digestion - southern blotting technique. Meiotic nondisjunction error was detected by STR genotyping. Subjects are classified by age (old >35 years and young ˂35 years) and by meiotic error (MI and MII). Linear regression was run to explore the age - telomere length relationship in each maternal groups. The study reveals that with age, telomere erodes in length. Old MII mothers carry the shortest (p˂0.001), control mothers have the longest telomere and MI lies in between. Babies from older mother have longer telomere (p˂0.001) moreover; telomeres are longer in Down syndrome babies than control babies (p˂0.001). To conclude, this study represents not only the relation between maternal aging and telomere length but also explore the maternal heritability of telomere length in families with Down syndrome child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranami Bhaumik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology) BF-142, Salt Lake City, Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Mandar Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology) BF-142, Salt Lake City, Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology) BF-142, Salt Lake City, Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta,(Ballygunge Science college campus), 35 Ballygunge Circular Road., Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal (Formerly known as West Bengal University of Technology) BF-142, Salt Lake City, Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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Hirata S, Hirai H, Nogami E, Morimura N, Udono T. Chimpanzee Down syndrome: a case study of trisomy 22 in a captive chimpanzee. Primates 2017; 58:267-273. [PMID: 28220267 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of chimpanzee trisomy 22 in a captive-born female. Because chromosome 22 in great apes is homologous to human chromosome 21, the present case is analogous to human trisomy 21, also called Down syndrome. The chimpanzee in the present case experienced retarded growth; infantile cataract and vision problems, including nystagmus, strabismus, and keratoconus; congenital atrial septal defect; and hypodontia. All of these symptoms are common in human Down syndrome. This case was the second reported case of trisomy 22 in the chimpanzee. The chimpanzee in our case became blind by 7 years old, making social life with other chimpanzees difficult, but opportunities to interact with other conspecific individuals have been offered routinely. We believe that providing her with the best care over the course of her life will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirata
- Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan.
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nogami
- Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan
| | - Naruki Morimura
- Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Udono
- Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24 Tanaka Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-3201, Japan
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