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Chen CP, Wu FT, Wang LK, Pan YT, Lee MS, Wang W. High-level mosaic trisomy 14 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with congenital heart defects and intrauterine growth restriction on fetal ultrasound. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:594-596. [PMID: 37407202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present high-level mosaic trisomy 14 at amniocentesis in a pregnancy associated with congenital heart defects (CHD) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). CASE REPORT A 34-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age. This pregnancy was conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+14[9]/46,XX[13], consistent with 40.9% (9/22 colonies) mosaicism for trisomy 14. Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes revealed 61% mosaicism for trisomy 14. Prenatal ultrasound at 22 weeks of gestation showed a malformed fetus with double outlet of right ventricle (DORV), ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis and severe IUGR with the growth parameters equivalent to 18 weeks of gestation. The pregnancy was terminated at 23 weeks of gestation, and a 278-g female fetus was delivered with facial dysmorphism of hypertelorism, low-set small ears and wide depressed nasal bridge. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) analysis on the DNA extracted from parental bloods, cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta confirmed a maternal origin of the extra chromosome 14 and excluded uniparental disomy (UPD) 14. The umbilical cord had a karyotype of 47,XX,+14[7]/ 46,XX[13], and the placenta had a karyotype of 47,XX,+14[4]/46,XX[36]. CONCLUSIONS High-level mosaic trisomy 14 at amniocentesis can be associated with abnormal ultrasound findings of CHD and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Huseynova R, Bin Mahmoud L, Alshenqiti A, Alomran K, Alodaidan N, Huseynov O. A Rare Combination of Chromosomal Abnormalities in an Infant With Turner Syndrome and Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e16500. [PMID: 34430115 PMCID: PMC8375010 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a fatal congenital complex heart defect where the heart's left side is critically undeveloped. However, its pathogenesis remains unknown. We report a unique case of HLHS because of the rare combination of two abnormalities in the cell lines: partial monosomy X (Turner syndrome) and partial trisomy 14 (14q11.2 microduplication syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Huseynova
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Nabeel Alodaidan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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3
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Velissariou V, Sachinidi F, Christopoulou S, Florentin L, Liehr T, Efthymiadou A, Angelopoulou E, Chrysis D, Stefanou EG. Low-Level Trisomy 14 Mosaicism: A Carrier of an Isochromosome 14 and a Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 14. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:664-670. [PMID: 33202412 DOI: 10.1159/000511549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 14 (T14) mosaicism is a rare chromosomal condition characterised by various clinical features, including developmental delay, growth impairment, and dysmorphism. Here, we report on a 12-year-old female referred for cytogenetic analysis due to short stature. Standard GTG-banding analysis on the patient's peripheral blood revealed mosaic Τ14 in the form of an i(14)(q10) in 3% of cells. Furthermore, a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) had been detected in the first trimester of pregnancy in chorionic villus sampling. A skin biopsy in the patient revealed the presence of a metacentric sSMC in 100% of cells. Cytogenetic and FISH studies showed that it was a de novo metacentric bisatellited sSMC derived from chromosomes 14 or 22. Oligonucleotide array-CGH using skin cells revealed no copy number variations. Studies for uniparental disomy 14 by microsatellite analysis confirmed biparental inheritance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient with 2 abnormal cell lines involving chromosome 14 in different tissues, one with mosaic T14 in the form of i(14)(q10) and one with an sSMC derived from chromosome 14, present in blood and skin, respectively. A rare mechanism of trisomy rescue events is proposed to explain the presence of the different cell lines in the tissues examined. This case highlights the importance of providing the cytogenetics laboratory with adequate clinical data to test for low mosaicism and analyse different tissues if necessary, thus contributing to the suitable clinical management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voula Velissariou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioiatriki Healthcare Group, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Christopoulou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Florentin
- A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Efthymiadou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Angelopoulou
- Cytogenetics Unit, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionisios Chrysis
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eunice G Stefanou
- Cytogenetics Unit, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece,
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4
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Mohamed AM, Eid MM, Eid OM, Hussein SH, Mossaad AM, Abdelfattah U, Sharafuddin MA, El Halafawy YM, Elbanoby TM, Abdel-Salam GMH. Two Abnormal Cell Lines of Trisomy 14 and t(X;14) with Skewed X-Inactivation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:124-133. [PMID: 32187602 DOI: 10.1159/000506430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 14 is incompatible with live, but there are several patients reported with mosaic trisomy 14. We aimed to study the pattern of X inactivation and its effect on a translocated autosome and to find out an explanation of the involvement of chromosome 14 in 2 different structural chromosomal abnormalities. We report on a girl with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, low-set ears, micrognathia, cleft palate, congenital heart disease, and abnormal skin pigmentations. The patient displayed iris, choroidal, and retinal coloboma and agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a karyotype 45,X,der(X)t(X;14)(q24;q11)[85]/46,XX,rob(14;14)(q10;q10),+14[35]. Array-CGH for blood and buccal mucosa showed high mosaic trisomy 14 and an Xq deletion. MLPA detected trisomy 14 in blood and buccal mucosa and also showed normal methylation of the imprinting center. FISH analysis confirmed the cell line with trisomy 14 (30%) and demonstrated the mosaic deletion of the Xq subtelomere in both tissues. There was 100% skewed X inactivation for the t(X;14). SNP analysis of the patient showed no region of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 14. Also, genotype call analysis of the patient and her parents showed heterozygous alleles of chromosome 14 with no evidence of uniparental disomy. Our patient had a severe form of mosaic trisomy 14. We suggest that this cytogenetic unique finding that involved 2 cell lines with structural abnormalities of chromosome 14 occurred in an early postzygotic division. These 2 events may have happened separately or maybe there is a kind of trisomy or monosomy rescue due to dynamic cytogenetic interaction between different cell lines to compensate for gene dosage.
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5
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Massara LS, Delea M, Espeche L, Bruque CD, Oliveri J, Brun P, Furforo L, Dain L, Rozental S. Double Autosomal/Gonosomal Mosaic Trisomy 47,XXX/47,XX,+14 in a Newborn with Multiple Congenital Anomalies. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 159:137-142. [PMID: 31786569 DOI: 10.1159/000504238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal trisomies are the most frequent major chromosomal anomalies in humans and can be present in a mosaic or a non-mosaic constitution. We report the first case of a newborn girl presenting with multiple congenital anomalies and a double mosaic trisomy involving chromosome 14 and the X chromosome detected by array CGH. Karyotype analysis revealed a double mosaic with 2 independent abnormal cell lines and the absence of 46,XX and 48,XXX,+14 cell lineages. The patient showed most of the clinical characteristics of mosaic trisomy 14. Analysis of autosomal DNA markers in the proband's blood sample did not support the presence of chimerism. Further analysis of chromosome X DNA markers suggests that the extra X chromosome most probably arose as a consequence of nondisjunction in meiosis II in the maternal lineage.
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6
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Carvalho CMB, Coban-Akdemir Z, Hijazi H, Yuan B, Pendleton M, Harrington E, Beaulaurier J, Juul S, Turner DJ, Kanchi RS, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Stankiewicz P, Belmont JW, Shaw CA, Cheung SW, Hanchard NA, Sutton VR, Bader PI, Lupski JR. Interchromosomal template-switching as a novel molecular mechanism for imprinting perturbations associated with Temple syndrome. Genome Med 2019; 11:25. [PMID: 31014393 PMCID: PMC6480824 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrachromosomal triplications (TRP) can contribute to disease etiology via gene dosage effects, gene disruption, position effects, or fusion gene formation. Recently, post-zygotic de novo triplications adjacent to copy-number neutral genomic intervals with runs of homozygosity (ROH) have been shown to result in uniparental isodisomy (UPD). The genomic structure of these complex genomic rearrangements (CGRs) shows a consistent pattern of an inverted triplication flanked by duplications (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP) formed by an iterative DNA replisome template-switching mechanism during replicative repair of a single-ended, double-stranded DNA (seDNA), the ROH results from an interhomolog or nonsister chromatid template switch. It has been postulated that these CGRs may lead to genetic abnormalities in carriers due to dosage-sensitive genes mapping within the copy-number variant regions, homozygosity for alleles at a locus causing an autosomal recessive (AR) disease trait within the ROH region, or imprinting-associated diseases. Methods Here, we report a family wherein the affected subject carries a de novo 2.2-Mb TRP followed by 42.2 Mb of ROH and manifests clinical features overlapping with those observed in association with chromosome 14 maternal UPD (UPD(14)mat). UPD(14)mat can cause clinical phenotypic features enabling a diagnosis of Temple syndrome. This CGR was then molecularly characterized by high-density custom aCGH, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and methylation arrays, exome sequencing (ES), and the Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing technology. Results We confirmed the postulated DUP-TRP/INV-DUP structure by multiple orthogonal genomic technologies in the proband. The methylation status of known differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on chromosome 14 revealed that the subject shows the typical methylation pattern of UPD(14)mat. Consistent with these molecular findings, the clinical features overlap with those observed in Temple syndrome, including speech delay. Conclusions These data provide experimental evidence that, in humans, triplication can lead to segmental UPD and imprinting disease. Importantly, genotype/phenotype analyses further reveal how a post-zygotically generated complex structural variant, resulting from a replication-based mutational mechanism, contributes to expanding the clinical phenotype of known genetic syndromes. Mechanistically, such events can distort transmission genetics resulting in homozygosity at a locus for which only one parent is a carrier as well as cause imprinting diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-019-0633-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - Hadia Hijazi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sissel Juul
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc, New York, NY, USA.,Oxford Nanopore Technologies Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - Neil A Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room 604B, Houston, TX, 77030-3498, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Godfrey M, Udhnani M, Lee NR. A case report of the neurocognitive and behavioral phenotype of mosaic trisomy 14. Neurocase 2018; 24:250-254. [PMID: 30714851 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2019.1572196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic trisomy 14 is associated with impaired intellectual functioning, although no study has examined the cognitive-behavioral profile associated with the syndrome. This study provides the first case description of the cognitive-behavioral phenotype associated with mosaic trisomy 14 by contrasting the performance an adolescent female (T14) with a group of females with Down syndrome (DS; n=9). T14 performed below age expectations on most direct assessments and demonstrated weaknesses relative to the DS group on aspects of language, adaptive functioning, and executive functioning. T14 also demonstrated strengths in delayed visual recall and social skills relative to the DS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Godfrey
- a Department of Psychology , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Manisha Udhnani
- a Department of Psychology , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Nancy Raitano Lee
- a Department of Psychology , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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8
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Gu S, Jernegan M, Van den Veyver IB, Peacock S, Smith J, Breman A. Chromosomal microarray analysis on uncultured chorionic villus sampling can be complicated by confined placental mosaicism for aneuploidy and microdeletions. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:858-865. [PMID: 30094853 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish the incidence and implications of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) in the context of prenatal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed prenatal array data on 1382 consecutive chorionic villus sampling (CVS) specimens spanning the past 6 years, focusing on those for which whole CVS biopsy (both cytotrophoblast and mesenchymal cells) was used for CMA and cultured cells (primarily mesenchyme) was also analyzed or amniotic fluid (AF)/newborn blood was used for confirmation, to determine the frequency of mosaic abnormal findings that were the result of CPM. RESULTS Out of a total of 1382 consecutive CVS cases, we identified 42 (42/1382 = 3.0%) cases with abnormal array findings suggestive of mosaicism. Among them, 10 cases were unequivocally interpreted as CPM based on a normal AF/newborn blood confirmatory result. In addition, another 10 cases were interpreted as provisional CPM based on normal results on cultured cells. Notably, 40% (8/20) of the cases revealed complex findings, including multiple mosaic aneuploidies, mosaic submicroscopic copy number variation (CNV), and mosaic aneuploidy plus mosaic CNV. CONCLUSION Abnormal CMA results from CVS specimens should be interpreted with caution when mosaicism is evident or suspected. Furthermore, confirmatory testing on amniotic fluid, which contains cells derived from the fetus, is recommended in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gu
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Madison Jernegan
- Department of Nursing, Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College, Miami, Oklahoma
| | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Janice Smith
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy Breman
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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9
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Kromann AB, Ousager LB, Ali IKM, Aydemir N, Bygum A. Pigmentary mosaicism: a review of original literature and recommendations for future handling. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:39. [PMID: 29506540 PMCID: PMC5839061 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pigmentary mosaicism is a term that describes varied patterns of pigmentation in the skin caused by genetic heterogeneity of the skin cells. In a substantial number of cases, pigmentary mosaicism is observed alongside extracutaneous abnormalities typically involving the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. We have compiled information on previous cases of pigmentary mosaicism aiming to optimize the handling of patients with this condition. Our study is based on a database search in PubMed containing papers written in English, published between January 1985 and April 2017. The search yielded 174 relevant and original articles, detailing a total number of 651 patients. Results Forty-three percent of the patients exhibited hyperpigmentation, 50% exhibited hypopigmentation, and 7% exhibited a combination of hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Fifty-six percent exhibited extracutaneous manifestations. The presence of extracutaneous manifestations in each subgroup varied: 32% in patients with hyperpigmentation, 73% in patients with hypopigmentation, and 83% in patients with combined hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. Cytogenetic analyses were performed in 40% of the patients: peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed in 48%, skin fibroblasts in 5%, and both analyses were performed in 40%. In the remaining 7% the analysed cell type was not specified. Forty-two percent of the tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype; 84% of those presented a mosaic state and 16% presented a non-mosaic structural or numerical abnormality. In patients with extracutaneous manifestations, 43% of the cytogenetically tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype. In patients without extracutaneous manifestations, 32% of the cytogenetically tested patients exhibited an abnormal karyotype. Conclusion We recommend a uniform parlance when describing the clinical picture of pigmentary mosaicism. Based on the results found in this review, we recommend that patients with pigmentary mosaicism undergo physical examination, highlighting with Wood’s light, and karyotyping from peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. It is important that both patients with and without extracutaneous manifestations are tested cytogenetically, as the frequency of abnormal karyotype in the two groups seems comparable. According to the results only a minor part of patients, especially those without extracutaneous manifestations, are tested today reflecting a need for change in clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0778-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boye Kromann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Entrance 24, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Inas Kamal Mohammad Ali
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nurcan Aydemir
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anette Bygum
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4 , Entrance 142, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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10
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Bregand-White J, Saller DN, Clemens M, Surti U, Yatsenko SA, Rajkovic A. Genotype-phenotype correlation and pregnancy outcomes of partial trisomy 14q: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2365-71. [PMID: 27286879 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, several advances in ultrasound techniques, increasing availability of whole genome microarray testing, and overall expansion of our knowledge about the human genome have drastically enhanced our ability to detect chromosomal abnormalities prenatally. Despite that, genotype-phenotype correlation is difficult to establish for many chromosomal aberrations, particularly for those that are rare, as it requires thorough analysis of a significant number of cases. This in turn increases the burden of the obstetric provider to appropriately counsel a patient regarding prognosis and pregnancy options in these complicated situations. Our experience in prenatal diagnosis and management of a fetus with multiple anomalies and partial trisomy for the 14q11-q24.2 prompted a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature. Although complete non-mosaic trisomy 14 is associated with first trimester miscarriages, partial trisomy 14q is a rare condition with undefined genotype-phenotype correlation, preventing accurate prenatal counseling, and informed decision making. We performed a systematic literature review, that aimed to summarize prenatal and postnatal findings of individual case reports on 51 patients with partial trisomy 14q in order to elucidate genotype-phenotype correlation, and to supply healthcare professionals with recommendation on essential fetal and parental testing for accurate diagnosis, pregnancy outcomes, and proper family counseling. Comparison of the clinical findings among the patients with partial 14q trisomy suggest that the resulting phenotype is likely to be influenced by the extent of the 14q trisomy segment, associated chromosomal imbalances, parental origin of the rearrangement, and dosage of the genes within the imprinted 14q32 cluster. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bregand-White
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Devereux N Saller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michele Clemens
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana A Yatsenko
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Salas-Labadía C, Lieberman E, Cruz-Alcívar R, Navarrete-Meneses P, Gómez S, Cantú-Reyna C, Buiting K, Durán-McKinster C, Pérez-Vera P. Partial and complete trisomy 14 mosaicism: clinical follow-up, cytogenetic and molecular analysis. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:65. [PMID: 25276227 PMCID: PMC4180134 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisomy 14 mosaicism is a rare chromosomal abnormality. It is associated with multiple congenital anomalies. We report a 15 year-old female with an unusual karyotype with three cell lines: 47,XX,+mar/47,XX,+14/46,XX. At six months old she had short stature, cleft palate, hyperpigmented linear spots in arms and legs and developmental delay. At present, she has mild facial dysmorphism and moderate mental retardation. METHODS Cytogenetic analysis was performed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the light and dark skin following standard methods. DNAarray - Oligo 180 k was carried out using Agilent Technologies and FISH analysis was accomplished using DNA BACs probes to confirm the result obtained by DNAarray. Methylation-Specific PCR (MS-PCR) of the MEG3 promoter and microsatellite analysis were performed. RESULTS Microarray analysis confirmed partial trisomy 14 mosaicism; the marker chromosome was found to be from chromosome 14, the result was confirmed with FISH. Methylation (14q32.3) and microsatellite (14q11-14q32.33) analysis were carried out and UPD was discarded. The global result was: mos 47,XX,+del(14)(q11.2)[45]/47,XX,+14[10]/46,XX[45]. CONCLUSIONS This is a unique case because of the coexistence of two abnormal cell lines, including one with +14 and another with +del(14)(q11.2). To our knowledge, only three patients have been reported with trisomy 14 and another abnormal cell line. The array analysis identified the marker chromosome and characterized the breakpoint. The del(14)(q11.2) does not seem to be related to any particular phenotypic characteristic of the patient; the clinical features of our patient observed until now, can be attributed to trisomy 14 mosaicism. Nevertheless, we cannot discard the manifestation of new symptoms related to her karyotype in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Salas-Labadía
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, México, DF C.P. 04530 Mexico
| | - Esther Lieberman
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, DF Mexico
| | - Roberto Cruz-Alcívar
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, México, DF C.P. 04530 Mexico
| | - Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, México, DF C.P. 04530 Mexico
| | - Samuel Gómez
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, DF Mexico
| | | | - Karin Buiting
- />Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsklinikum, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- />Departamento de Genética Humana, Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur 3700-C, México, DF C.P. 04530 Mexico
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12
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He M, Pepperell JR, Gundogan F, De Paepe ME, Maggio L, Lu S, Kostadinov S, O'Brien B, DeLaMonte S, Pinar H, Tantravahi U. Monochorionic twins discordant for mosaic trisomy 14. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1227-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - John R. Pepperell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Fusun Gundogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Monique E. De Paepe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Lindsay Maggio
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Pathology; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Stefan Kostadinov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Barbara O'Brien
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
- Obstetrics and Gynecology; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Suzanne DeLaMonte
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
- Department of Pathology; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Halit Pinar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Umadevi Tantravahi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island; Providence Rhode Island
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence Rhode Island
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13
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Lee CG, Park SJ, Yun JN, Ko JM, Kim HJ, Yim SY, Sohn YB. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization in 190 Korean patients with developmental delay and/or intellectual disability: a single tertiary care university center study. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1463-70. [PMID: 24142652 PMCID: PMC3809862 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed and evaluated the demographic, clinical, and cytogenetic data [G-banded karyotyping and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH)] of patients with unexplained developmental delay or intellectual disability at a single Korean institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected clinical and cytogenetic data based on retrospective charts at Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea from April 2008 to March 2012. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were identified. Mean age was 5.1±1.87 years. Array CGH yielded abnormal results in 26 of 190 patients (13.7%). Copy number losses were about two-fold more frequent than gains. A total of 61.5% of all patients had copy number losses. The most common deletion disorders included 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 15q11.2q12 deletion and 18q deletion syndrome. Copy number gains were identified in 34.6% of patients, and common diseases among these included Potocki-Lupski syndrome, 15q11-13 duplication syndrome and duplication 22q. Abnormal karyotype with normal array CGH results was exhibited in 2.6% of patients; theses included balanced translocation (n=2), inversion (n=2) and low-level mosaicism (n=1). Facial abnormalities (p<0.001) and failure to thrive were (p<0.001) also more frequent in the group of patients with abnormal CGH findings. CONCLUSION Array CGH is a useful diagnostic tool in clinical settings in patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability combined with facial abnormalities or failure to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha Gon Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-380, Korea.
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14
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Mosaic trisomy 14 at amniocentesis: prenatal diagnosis and literature review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 52:446-9. [PMID: 24075393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Hur YJ, Hwang T. Complete trisomy 14 mosaicism: first live-born case in Korea. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2012; 55:393-6. [PMID: 23133487 PMCID: PMC3488616 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2012.55.10.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 14 mosaicism is a rare chromosome disorder characterized by delayed development, failure to thrive, and facial dysmorphism. Only approximately 30 trisomy 14 mosaicism cases have been reported in the literature because trisomy 14 is associated with early spontaneous abortion. We report a case of a 17-month-old girl with abnormal skin pigmentation, delayed development, facial dysmorphism, and failure to thrive with the 47,XX,+14/46,XX chromosome complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Hur
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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16
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Sharony R, Shtorch A, Amiel A, Guetta E, Peleg L, Pras E, Ries-Levavi L. Three peaks in the polymerase chain reaction fragile X analysis. J Med Screen 2012; 19:112-5. [DOI: 10.1258/jms.2012.012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report and discuss the observation of three fragments on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in routine carrier screening for fragile X. Methods From 2005 through 2010, 34,500 women underwent prenatal screening for fragile X. PCR was carried out to amplify the repeat segment. The resulting fragments were scanned by a genetic analyser. Results Three PCR peaks representing three different-sized fragments were found in 25 of the 34,500 women (1:1380 or 0.072%). Karyotype analysis was performed in 16 subjects. Full triple X was found in three women, while two had triple X mosaicism. Of the 16 karyotyped women, five (31%) had a finding of XXX (full or mosaic). Conclusions Triple X (full or mosaic) is the most frequently encountered mechanism responsible for three peaks on fragile X PCR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Sharony
- Vice Chairman, The Genetic Institute and Ob/Gyn Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Atalia Shtorch
- Head of the molecular lab, The Genetic Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Aliza Amiel
- Head of the cytogenetic lab, The Genetic Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; The Life Science Faculty, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Esther Guetta
- Head of the cytogenetic unit, The Genetic Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leah Peleg
- Head of the Genetic Lab, The Genetic Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elon Pras
- Head of the Genetic Institute; The Genetic Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Ries-Levavi
- Head of the Molecular unit, The Genetic Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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17
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Repnikova EA, Astbury C, Reshmi SC, Ramsey SN, Atkin JF, Thrush DL, Mitchell AL, Pyatt RE, Reber K, Slavin T, Gastier-Foster JM. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetic characterization of tissue-specific mosaicism in three patients. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1924-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Repnikova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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18
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Fiorentino F, Caiazzo F, Napolitano S, Spizzichino L, Bono S, Sessa M, Nuccitelli A, Biricik A, Gordon A, Rizzo G, Baldi M. Introducing array comparative genomic hybridization into routine prenatal diagnosis practice: a prospective study on over 1000 consecutive clinical cases. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:1270-82. [PMID: 22034057 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of offering array-based comparative genomic hybridization testing for prenatal diagnosis as a first-line test, a prospective study was performed, comparing the results achieved from array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) with those obtained from conventional karyotype. METHOD Women undergoing amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling were offered aCGH analysis. A total of 1037 prenatal samples were processed in parallel using both aCGH and G-banding for standard karyotyping. Specimen types included amniotic fluid (89.0%), chorionic villus sampling (9.5%) and cultured amniocytes (1.5%). RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 34 (3.3%) samples; in 9 out of 34 cases (26.5%) aCGH detected pathogenic copy number variations that would not have been found if only a standard karyotype had been performed. aCGH was also able to detect chromosomal mosaicism at as low as a 10% level. There was complete concordance between the conventional karyotyping and aCGH results, except for 2 cases that were only correctly diagnosed by aCGH. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that aCGH represents an improved diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Although larger studies are needed, our results provide further evidence on the feasibility of introducing aCGH as a first-line diagnostic test in routine prenatal diagnosis practice.
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19
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Abstract
Chromosomal imbalances can result from numerical or structural anomalies. Numerical chromosomal abnormalities are often referred to as aneuploid conditions. This article focuses on the occurrence of constitutional and acquired autosomal aneuploidy in humans. Topics covered include frequency, mosaicism, phenotypic findings, and etiology. The article concludes with a consideration of anticipated advances that might allow for the development of screening tests and/or lead to improvements in our understanding and management of the role that aneuploidy plays in the aging process and acquisition of age-related and constitutional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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20
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Detection of mosaicism for genome imbalance in a cohort of 3,042 clinical cases using an oligonucleotide array CGH platform. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Shinawi M, Cain MP, Vanderbrink BA, Grignon DJ, Mensing D, Cooper ML, Bader P, Cheung SW. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis in a child with isodicentric Y chromosome: Does the relative proportion of the 45,X line really matter? Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1832-7. [PMID: 20583182 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isodicentric Y chromosomes [idic(Y)] cause several sex-linked phenotypes ranging from typical Turner syndrome, to phenotypic males, and to those with ambiguous genitalia. The idic(Y) are unstable during mitosis and therefore result in mosaicism with an additional cell line. The associated phenotypic heterogeneity was attributed to variable location of the breakpoints and to the proportion of idic(Y)-containing cells in gonads and other tissues. We report on a phenotypic and cytogenetic characterization of an apparently male patient with ambiguous genitalia and mixed gonadal dysgenesis who was found to be mosaic 45,X/46,X,idic(Y). Unexpectedly, the histologically male gonad showed a predominant proportion of 45,X cells suggesting that additional factors, other than the proportion of the 45,X cell line and the location of the breakpoint, may play a role in gonadal determination and differentiation. Our observation suggests that the timing of the mitotic loss of idic(Y) during gonadal ontogenesis and the proportion of SRY positive pre-Sertoli cells in the gonad are probably more relevant than the postnatal proportion of the different mosaic clones. We discuss the dynamic nature of mitotic instability of isodicentric Y chromosomes and the fundamental role of Sertoli cells in gonadal differentiation and their contribution to the phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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22
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Winberg J, Gustavsson P, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Blennow E, Lundin J, Iwarsson E, Nordenström A, Anderlid BM, Bondeson ML, Nordenskjöld A, Nordgren A. Chimerism resulting from parthenogenetic activation and dispermic fertilization. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:2277-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Robberecht C, Fryns JP, Vermeesch JR. Piecing together the problems in diagnosing low-level chromosomal mosaicism. Genome Med 2010; 2:47. [PMID: 20670383 PMCID: PMC2923739 DOI: 10.1186/gm168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level somatic chromosomal mosaicism, which usually arises from post-zygotic errors, is a known cause of several well defined genetic syndromes and has been implicated in various multifactorial diseases. It is, however, not easy to diagnose, as various physical and technical factors complicate its identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robberecht
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Detection of low-level mosaicism and placental mosaicism by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization. Genet Med 2010; 12:85-92. [PMID: 20084009 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181cc75d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity of whole-genome oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization for the detection of mosaic cytogenetic abnormalities. METHODS Mosaicism sensitivity was evaluated by testing artificially derived whole chromosome and segmental aneuploidies ranging from 0% to 100% abnormal and additional naturally occurring mosaic specimens. RESULTS Using combined dye-reversed replicates and an unfiltered analysis, oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization detected as low as 10% and 20-30% mosaicism from whole chromosome and segmental aneuploidies, respectively. To investigate discrepancies between cultured and uncultured specimens, array comparative genomic hybridization was performed on DNA from additional direct product of conception specimens with abnormal karyotypes in culture. Interestingly, 5 of 10 product of conception specimens with double trisomies on cultured cell analysis had only a single trisomy by array comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction on DNA from the uncultured direct specimen, and all harbored the more commonly observed trisomy. Thus, oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization revealed previously unidentified placental mosaicism in half of the products of conception with double-aneuploid conventional karyotypes. CONCLUSION Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization can detect low-level mosaicism for whole chromosome ( approximately 10%) and segmental ( approximately 20-30%) aneuploidies when using specific detection criteria. In addition, careful interpretation is required when performing array comparative genomic hybridization on DNA isolated from direct specimens as the results may differ from the cultured chromosome analysis.
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25
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Rapid Genome-wide Aneuploidy Diagnosis Using Uncultured Amniocytes and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Pregnancy With Abnormal Ultrasound Findings Detected in Late Second and Third Trimesters. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 49:120-3. [DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(10)60026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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A new diagnostic workflow for patients with mental retardation and/or multiple congenital abnormalities: test arrays first. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1394-402. [PMID: 19436329 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology enables extensive genotyping as well as the detection of increasingly smaller chromosomal aberrations. In this study, we assess molecular karyotyping as first-round analysis of patients with mental retardation and/or multiple congenital abnormalities (MR/MCA). We used different commercially available SNP array platforms, the Affymetrix GeneChip 262K NspI, the Genechip 238K StyI, the Illumina HumanHap 300 and HumanCNV 370 BeadChip, to detect copy number variants (CNVs) in 318 patients with unexplained MR/MCA. We found abnormalities in 22.6% of the patients, including six CNVs that overlap known microdeletion/duplication syndromes, eight CNVs that overlap recently described syndromes, 63 potentially pathogenic CNVs (in 52 patients), four large segments of homozygosity and two mosaic trisomies for an entire chromosome. This study shows that high-density SNP array analysis reveals a much higher diagnostic yield as that of conventional karyotyping. SNP arrays have the potential to detect CNVs, mosaics, uniparental disomies and loss of heterozygosity in one experiment. We, therefore, propose a novel diagnostic approach to all MR/MCA patients by first analyzing every patient with an SNP array instead of conventional karyotyping.
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27
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Shinawi M, Cheung SW. The array CGH and its clinical applications. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:760-70. [PMID: 18617013 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a technique enabling high-resolution, genome-wide screening of segmental genomic copy number variations (CNVs). It is becoming an essential and a routine clinical diagnostic tool and is gradually replacing cytogenetic methods. Most of the clinically available aCGH platforms are designed to detect aneuploidies, well-characterized microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and subtelomeric or other unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, aCGH can uncover numerous CNVs of unclear significance scattered throughout the human genome. But this technology is not able to identify balanced chromosomal imbalances such as translocations and inversions and some ploidies. aCGH increased the ability to detect segmental genomic CNVs in patients with global developmental delay, mental retardation, autism, multiple congenital anomalies and dysmorphism, and is becoming a powerful tool in disease gene discovery and prenatal diagnostics. This tool is also showing promising data in cancer research and in the diagnosis, classification and prognostication of different malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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