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Chen CP, Wu FT, Pan YT, Wu PS, Lee MS, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of familial 3p26.3p25.3 deletion in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome and asymptomatic carrier parent and family members in three generations. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:561-564. [PMID: 39004488 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of familial 3p26.3p25.3 deletion in a pregnancy associated with a favorable fetal outcome and asymptomatic carrier parent and family members in three generations. CASE REPORT A 35-year-old, gravida 2, para 1, woman underwent amniocentesis at 17 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age and the carrier of distal 3p deletion. She was phenotypically normal, and there was no family history of congenital anomalies. Amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,del(3)(p26.1). Repeat amniocentesis at 21 weeks of gestation revealed a karyotype of 46,XY,del(3)(p25.3). Simultaneous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNA extracted from uncultured amniocytes showed the result of arr 3p26.3p25.3 (117,735-8,709,972) × 1.0 [GRCh37 (hg19)] with an 8.59-Mb deletion of 3p26.3p25.3 encompassing 14 OMIM genes of CHL1, CNTN6, CNTN4, IL5RA, TRNT1, CRBN, SETMAR, SUMF1, ITPR1, BHLHE40, ARL8B, GRM7, LMCD1 and SSUH2. Cytogenetic analysis of parental bloods revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,del (3) (p25.3) in the mother and 46,XY in the father. The woman's 69-year-old mother and her 2-year-old elder son carried the same aberrant chromosome of 3p25.3→p26.3 deletion by conventional cytogenetic analysis but manifested no phenotypic abnormality. aCGH analysis of the peripheral bloods showed that the woman's mother and her elder son had the same 8.59-Mb deletion of 3p26.3p25.3. The woman was advised to continue the pregnancy. At 39 weeks of gestation, a 3040-g healthy male baby was delivered. When follow-up at age 2½ years, the neonate was normal in development and showed no apparent phenotypic abnormality. CONCLUSION Distal 3p deletion of 3p26.3p25.3 involving the OMIM genes from CHL1 to SSUH2 can be associated with no apparent phenotypic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Meng-Shan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Martins M, Arantes R, Botelho P, Souto M, Moutinho O, Pinto Leite R. Familiar del3p syndrome: The uncertainty of the prognosis. A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2365-2368. [PMID: 33936696 PMCID: PMC8077371 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3p deletion syndrome is an unusual condition. The few cases described are mainly de novo. We described a familial case detected in a prenatal diagnosis. Three members of the family had the 3p26.3-p26.1 deletion; however, only the son presented clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Martins
- Genetic ConsultationCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Regina Arantes
- Genetics LaboratoryCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro‐environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Pedro Botelho
- Genetics LaboratoryCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Marta Souto
- Genetics LaboratoryCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Osvaldo Moutinho
- Maternal and Child DepartmentCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
| | - Rosário Pinto Leite
- Genetics LaboratoryCentro Hospitalar de Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto DouroVila RealPortugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics GroupThe IPO‐Porto Research CentrePortoPortugal
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3
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Bateman MS, Collinson MN, Bunyan DJ, Collins AL, Duncan P, Firth R, Harrison V, Homfray T, Huang S, Kirk B, Lachlan KL, Maloney VK, Barber JCK. Incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, or dosage insensitivity in four families with directly transmitted unbalanced chromosome abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:319-329. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Bateman
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Morag N. Collinson
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - David J. Bunyan
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Amanda L. Collins
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServiceSouthampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Philippa Duncan
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Rachel Firth
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServiceSouthampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Victoria Harrison
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServiceSouthampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Shuwen Huang
- National Genetics Reference Laboratory (Wessex)Salisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Beth Kirk
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - Katherine L. Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics ServiceSouthampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustPrincess Anne HospitalSouthamptonUK
| | - Viv K. Maloney
- Wessex Regional Genetics LaboratorySalisbury NHS Foundation TrustSalisburyUK
| | - John C. K. Barber
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton General HospitalSouthamptonUK
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4
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Zhang K, Song F, Zhang D, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Dong R, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gai Z. Chromosome r(3)(p25.3q29) in a Patient with Developmental Delay and Congenital Heart Defects: A Case Report and a Brief Literature Review. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:6-13. [PMID: 27077748 DOI: 10.1159/000445273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 3, r(3), is an extremely rare cytogenetic abnormality with clinical heterogeneity and only 12 cases reported in the literature. Here, we report a 1-year-old girl presenting distinctive facial features, developmental delay, and congenital heart defects with r(3) and a ∼10-Mb deletion of chromosome 3pterp25.3 (61,891-9,979,408) involving 42 known genes which was detected using G-banding karyotyping and CytoScan 750K-Array. The breakpoints in r(3) were mapped at 3p25.3 and 3q29. We also analyzed the available information on the clinical features of the reported cases with r(3) and 3p deletion syndrome in order to provide more valuable information of genotype-phenotype correlations. To our knowledge, this is the largest detected fragment described in r(3) cases and the second r(3) study using whole-genome microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Barber JCK, Rosenfeld JA, Graham JM, Kramer N, Lachlan KL, Bateman MS, Collinson MN, Stadheim BF, Turner CLS, Gauthier JN, Reimschisel TE, Qureshi AM, Dabir TA, Humphreys MW, Marble M, Huang T, Beal SJ, Massiah J, Taylor EJ, Wynn SL. Inside the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome; eight microduplications of likely or uncertain clinical significance. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2052-64. [PMID: 26097203 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The 8p23.1 duplication syndrome (8p23.1 DS) is a recurrent genomic condition with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 58,000. The core 3.68 Mb duplication contains 32 genes of which five are currently candidates for the phenotypic features. Here we describe four patients and five families with eight microduplications of 8p23.1 ranging from 187 to 1082 kb in size and one atypical duplication of 4 Mb. These indicate that a minimal region of overlap (MRO) in medial 8p23.1 can give rise to features of 8p23.1 DS including developmental delay, dysmorphism, macrocephaly and otitis media, but not congenital heart disease (CHD). This MRO spans 776 kb (chr8:10,167,881-10,943,836 hg19) and contains SOX7 and seven of the other 32 core 8p23.1 DS genes. In centromeric 8p23.1, microduplications including GATA4 can give rise to non-syndromic CHD but the clinical significance of two smaller centromeric microduplications without GATA4 was uncertain due to severe neurological profiles not usually found in 8p23.1 DS. The clinical significance of three further 8p23.1 microduplications was uncertain due to additional genetic factors without which the probands might not have come to medical attention. Variable expressivity was indicated by the almost entirely unaffected parents in all five families and the mildly affected sibling in one. Intronic interruptions of six genes by microduplication breakpoint intervals had no apparent additional clinical consequences. Our results suggest that 8p23.1 DS is an oligogenetic condition largely caused by the duplication and interactions of the SOX7 and GATA4 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Barber
- Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer Inc., Spokane, Washington
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nancy Kramer
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine L Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark S Bateman
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Morag N Collinson
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Claire L S Turner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Exeter, UK
| | - Jacqueline N Gauthier
- Division of Developmental Medicine and the Centre for Child Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tyler E Reimschisel
- Division of Developmental Medicine and the Centre for Child Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Athar M Qureshi
- Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tabib A Dabir
- Medical Genetics Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mervyn W Humphreys
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael Marble
- Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Taosheng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah J Beal
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Joanne Massiah
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Emma-Jane Taylor
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
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6
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Moghadasi S, van Haeringen A, Langendonck L, Gijsbers ACJ, Ruivenkamp CAL. A terminal 3p26.3 deletion is not associated with dysmorphic features and intellectual disability in a four-generation family. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2863-8. [PMID: 25123480 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Terminal deletions of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 3 cause a wide range of phenotypes from normal to dysmorphic including microcephaly, developmental delay and intellectual disability. We studied the clinical consequences of a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 in four generations of a family. The index patient is a14-month-old boy with microcephaly, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and minor dysmorphic features. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array analysis detected a duplication on the long arm of chromosome 6. His apparently healthy mother carries the same 6q duplication, but as an unexpected finding a terminal deletion of 2.9 Mb of the short arm of chromosome 3 was observed. Further co-segregation analysis in the family for the chromosome 3 deletion showed that with the exception of the sister of the index who has autism, speech delay, and learning problems, family members in four generations of this family are carrier of this 3p deletion and apparently healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a study of this terminal 3p deletion in four generations. In this report, we review the literature on terminal 3p deletions and discuss the importance of molecular testing and reporting of copy number variants to achieve accurate genetic counseling in prenatal and postnatal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Moghadasi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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7
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Li C, Mahajan V, Wang JC, Paes B. Monosomy 3pter-p25.3 and trisomy 1q42.13-qter in a boy with profound growth and developmental restriction, multiple congenital anomalies, and early death. Pediatr Neonatol 2013; 54:202-6. [PMID: 23597526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit rare, 3pter-p25 monosomy or 1q42-qter trisomy syndromes have been documented in the literature. Here, we report a unique case with a combination of 3pter-p25 monosomy and 1q42-qter trisomy, delineated by array comparative genomic hybridization analysis. The proband was a newborn male with multiple congenital anomalies that included brain malformation, ocular anomalies, trachea-laryngomalacia, cardiac defects, intestinal malrotation, and cutaneous findings in conjunction with biochemical anomalies, profound growth and developmental restriction, and early death. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this unique chromosomal imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumei Li
- Division of Clinical Genetics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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8
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Poot M, Verrijn Stuart AA, van Daalen E, van Iperen A, van Binsbergen E, Hochstenbach R. Variable behavioural phenotypes of patients with monosomies of 15q26 and a review of 16 cases. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:346-50. [PMID: 23603061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with trisomy or tetrasomy of distal 15q show a recognizable overgrowth syndrome, whereas patients with a monosomy of 15q26 share some degree of pre- and postnatal growth retardation, but differ with respect to facial and skeletal dysmorphisms, congenital heart disease and intellectual development. By reviewing 16 cases with losses of 15q26 we found that the size of the deletion was also not a predictor of the breadth of the phenotypic spectrum, the severity of disease or prognosis of the patient. Although monosomies of 15q26 do not represent a classical contiguous gene syndrome, a few candidate genes for selected features such as proportional growth retardation and cardiac abnormalities have been identified. In 11 out of 16 patients with monosomy of distal 15q variable neurobehavioral phenotypes, including learning difficulties, seizures, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, hearing loss and autism, have been found. We discuss clinical ramifications for cases with a loss of 15q26 detected by prenatal array-CGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Poot
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Barber JCK, Rosenfeld JA, Foulds N, Laird S, Bateman MS, Thomas NS, Baker S, Maloney VK, Anilkumar A, Smith WE, Banks V, Ellingwood S, Kharbutli Y, Mehta L, Eddleman KA, Marble M, Zambrano R, Crolla JA, Lamb AN. 8p23.1 duplication syndrome; common, confirmed, and novel features in six further patients. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:487-500. [PMID: 23345203 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The 8p23.1 duplication syndrome is a relatively rare genomic condition that has been confirmed with molecular cytogenetic methods in only 11 probands and five family members. Here, we describe another prenatal and five postnatal patients with de novo 8p23.1 duplications analyzed with oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH). Of the common features, mild or moderate developmental delays and/or learning difficulties have been found in 11/12 postnatal probands, a variable degree of mild dysmorphism in 8/12 and congenital heart disease (CHD) in 4/5 prenatal and 3/12 postnatal probands. Behavioral problems, cleft lip and/or palate, macrocephaly, and seizures were confirmed as additional features among the new patients, and novel features included neonatal respiratory distress, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ocular anomalies, balance problems, hypotonia, and hydrocele. The core duplication of 3.68 Mb contains 31 genes and microRNAs of which only GATA4, TNKS, SOX7, and XKR6 are likely to be dosage sensitive genes and MIR124-1 and MIR598 have been implicated in neurocognitive phenotypes. A combination of the duplication of GATA4, SOX7, and related genes may account for the variable penetrance of CHD. Two of the duplications were maternal and intrachromosomal in origin with maternal heterozygosity for the common inversion between the repeats in 8p23.1. These additional patients and the absence of the 8p23.1 duplications in published controls, indicate that the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome may now be considered a pathogenic copy number variation (pCNV) with an estimated population prevalence of 1 in 58,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Barber
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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10
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Coelho DH, Taormina Y, Moore J, Dodson K, Sismanis A. 3p deletion syndrome: implications for cochlear implantation. Cochlear Implants Int 2012; 13:248-51. [PMID: 22449389 DOI: 10.1179/1754762811y.0000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE To describe the role of cochlear implantation in patients with 3p deletion syndrome. Additionally, this paper will review non-mastoid approaches to the cochlea potentially used in cases of mastoid abnormalities. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 23-month-old child with 3p deletion syndrome (3pDS) presented with suspected hearing loss and characteristic craniofacial abnormalities. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was confirmed. Temporal bone computed tomography showed poorly developed mastoids bilaterally. INTERVENTION Cochlear implantation was successfully undertaken using a retro-auricular transmeatal approach. CONCLUSION SNHL is commonly encountered in patients with 3pDS and can be improved by cochlear implantation. In this patient population, particular attention must be given to pre-operative imaging and possible altered mastoid anatomy may exist. In doing so, intra-operative complications can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Coelho
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0146, USA.
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11
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Livernois AM, Graves JAM, Waters PD. The origin and evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes and dosage compensation. Heredity (Edinb) 2011; 108:50-8. [PMID: 22086077 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, birds, snakes and many lizards and fish, sex is determined genetically (either male XY heterogamy or female ZW heterogamy), whereas in alligators, and in many reptiles and turtles, the temperature at which eggs are incubated determines sex. Evidently, different sex-determining systems (and sex chromosome pairs) have evolved independently in different vertebrate lineages. Homology shared by Xs and Ys (and Zs and Ws) within species demonstrates that differentiated sex chromosomes were once homologous, and that the sex-specific non-recombining Y (or W) was progressively degraded. Consequently, genes are left in single copy in the heterogametic sex, which results in an imbalance of the dosage of genes on the sex chromosomes between the sexes, and also relative to the autosomes. Dosage compensation has evolved in diverse species to compensate for these dose differences, with the stringency of compensation apparently differing greatly between lineages, perhaps reflecting the concentration of genes on the original autosome pair that required dosage compensation. We discuss the organization and evolution of amniote sex chromosomes, and hypothesize that dosage insensitivity might predispose an autosome to evolving function as a sex chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Livernois
- Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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12
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Barber JCK, Huang S, Bateman MS, Collins AL. Transmitted deletions of medial 5p and learning difficulties; does the cadherin cluster only become penetrant when flanking genes are deleted? Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2807-15. [PMID: 21965044 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The central portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 is unusual in that large, cytogenetically visible interstitial deletions segregate in families with and without phenotypic consequences. Here we present a family in which a transmitted interstitial deletion of 5p13.3 to 5p14.3 co-segregated with learning and/or behavioral difficulties in six family members. Facial dysmorphism was not striking but a father and daughter both had lacrimal fistulae. The deletion was 12.23 Mb in size (chr5:20,352,535-32,825,775) and contained fifteen known protein coding genes. Five of these (GOLPH3; MTMR12; ZFR; SUB1; and NPR3) and an ultra-conserved microRNA (hsa-miR-579) were present in an 883 kb candidate gene region in 5p13.3 that was deleted in the present family but not in previously reported overlapping benign deletions. Members of the cadherin precursor gene cluster, with brain specific expression, were deleted in both affected and benign deletion families. The candidate genes in 5p13.3 may be sufficient to account for the consistent presence or absence of phenotype in medial 5p deletions. However, we consider the possibility of position effects in which CDH6, and/or other cadherin genes, become penetrant when adjacent genes, or modifiers of gene expression, are also deleted. This could account for the absence of intellectual disability in benign deletions of the cadherin cluster, the cognitive phenotype in medial 5p deletion syndrome and the greater severity of intellectual disability in patients with cri-du-chat syndrome and deletions of 5p15 that extend into the region deleted in the present family.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Barber
- Human Genetics Division, Southampton University School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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13
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Guilherme RS, Bragagnolo S, Pellegrino R, Christofolini DM, Takeno SS, Carvolheira GM, Kulikowski LD, Melaragno MI. Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular study in a case of r(3) with 3p deletion and review of the literature. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:325-30. [PMID: 21849783 DOI: 10.1159/000329478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring chromosome 3 is a rare abnormality with only 10 patients described in the literature. We report a patient with r(3) and ∼6-Mb distal 3p deletion. Single nucleotide polymorphism array, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques revealed that the ring was formed by a break in 3p26.1 and fusion with the subtelomeric region of 3q. The patient presents delayed psychomotor development, growth failure, minor anomalies and other features similar to patients with 3p monosomy. The analysis of 300 metaphase cells using G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric probe revealed ring instability resulting in cells with secondary aberrations and with ring loss that could also be related to some phenotypic characteristics such as growth delay. This is the first patient with r(3) studied using molecular techniques that determined the exact breakpoints in order to establish a better karyotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santos Guilherme
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Cuoco C, Ronchetto P, Gimelli S, Béna F, Divizia MT, Lerone M, Mirabelli-Badenier M, Mascaretti M, Gimelli G. Microarray based analysis of an inherited terminal 3p26.3 deletion, containing only the CHL1 gene, from a normal father to his two affected children. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011; 6:12. [PMID: 21457564 PMCID: PMC3090742 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background terminal deletions of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 3 cause a rare contiguous gene disorder characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay, mental retardation, dysmorphisms, microcephaly and ptosis. The phenotype of individuals with deletions varies from normal to severe. It was suggested that a 1,5 Mb minimal terminal deletion including the two genes CRBN and CNTN4 is sufficient to cause the syndrome. In addition the CHL1 gene, mapping at 3p26.3 distally to CRBN and CNTN4, was proposed as candidate gene for a non specific mental retardation because of its high level of expression in the brain. Methods and Results we describe two affected siblings in which array-CGH analysis disclosed an identical discontinuous terminal 3p26.3 deletion spanning less than 1 Mb. The deletion was transmitted from their normal father and included only the CHL1 gene. The two brothers present microcephaly, light mental retardation, learning and language difficulties but not the typical phenotype manifestations described in 3p- syndrome. Conclusion a terminal 3p26.3 deletion including only the CHL1 gene is a very rare finding previously reported only in one family. The phenotype of the affected individuals in the two families is very similar and the deletion has been inherited from an apparently normal parent. As already described for others recurrent syndromes with variable phenotype, these findings are challenging in genetic counselling because of an evident variable penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cuoco
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Istituto G. Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
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Quiroga R, Monfort S, Oltra S, Ferrer-Bolufer I, Roselló M, Mayo S, Martinez F, Orellana C. Partial Duplication of 18q Including a Distal Critical Region for Edwards Syndrome in a Patient with Normal Phenotype and Oligoasthenospermia: Case Report. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 133:78-83. [DOI: 10.1159/000322719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bateman MS, Mehta SG, Willatt L, Selkirk E, Bedwell C, Zwolinski S, Sparnon L, Simonic I, Abbott K, Barber JCK. A de novo 4q34 interstitial deletion of at least 9.3 Mb with no discernible phenotypic effect. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1764-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Rivera H. 3p Deletion and (skewed) literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1059; author reply 1060. [PMID: 20358628 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pohjola P, de Leeuw N, Penttinen M, Kääriäinen H. Terminal 3p deletions in two families-Correlation between molecular karyotype and phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:441-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shuib S, McMullan D, Rattenberry E, Barber RM, Rahman F, Zatyka M, Chapman C, Macdonald F, Latif F, Davison V, Maher ER. Microarray based analysis of 3p25-p26 deletions (3p- syndrome). Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2099-105. [PMID: 19760623 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Distal deletion of chromosome 3p25-pter (3p- syndrome) produces a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by low birth weight, mental retardation, telecanthus, ptosis, and micrognathia. Congenital heart disease (CHD), typically atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) occurs in about a third of patients. Previously we reported on an association between the presence of CHD and the proximal extent of the deletion such that a CHD susceptibility gene was mapped between D3S1263 and D3S3594. In addition, we and others have suggested several candidate genes for the psychomotor retardation usually seen with constitutional 3p25 deletions. In order to further investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in 3p- syndrome we analyzed 14 patients with cytogenetically detectable deletions of 3p25 (including one patient with a normal phenotype) using Affymetrix 250K SNP microarrays. Deletion size varied from approximately 6 to 12 Mb. Assuming complete penetrance, a candidate critical region for a CHD susceptibility gene was refined to approximately 200 kb and a candidate critical region for mental retardation was mapped to an approximately 1 Mb interval containing SRGAP3 but other 3p neurodevelopmental genes including CHL1, CNTN4, LRRN1, and ITPR1 mapped outside the candidate critical interval. We suggest that current evidence suggests that SRGAP3 is the major determinant of mental retardation in distal 3p deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwati Shuib
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Brancati F, Bernardini L, Cavalcanti DP, Romano C, Novelli A, Dallapiccola B. Genome rearrangements in patients with blepharophimosis, mental retardation and hypothyroidism, so-called Young-Simpson syndrome. Clin Genet 2009; 76:210-3. [PMID: 19659891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van den Veyver IB, Patel A, Shaw CA, Pursley AN, Kang SHL, Simovich MJ, Ward PA, Darilek S, Johnson A, Neill SE, Bi W, White LD, Eng CM, Lupski JR, Cheung SW, Beaudet AL. Clinical use of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for prenatal diagnosis in 300 cases. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:29-39. [PMID: 19012303 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for prenatal diagnosis, including assessment of variants of uncertain significance, and the ability to detect abnormalities not detected by karyotype, and vice versa. METHODS Women undergoing amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) for karyotype were offered aCGH analysis using a targeted microarray. Parental samples were obtained concurrently to exclude maternal cell contamination and determine if copy number variants (CNVs) were de novo, or inherited prior to issuing a report. RESULTS We analyzed 300 samples, most were amniotic fluid (82%) and CVS (17%). The most common indications were advanced maternal age (N=123) and abnormal ultrasound findings (N=84). We detected 58 CNVs (19.3%). Of these, 40 (13.3%) were interpreted as likely benign, 15 (5.0%) were of defined pathological significance, while 3 (1.0%) were of uncertain clinical significance. For seven (approximately 2.3% or 1/43), aCGH contributed important new information. For two of these (1% or approximately 1/150), the abnormality would not have been detected without aCGH analysis. CONCLUSION Although aCGH-detected benign inherited variants in 13.3% of cases, these did not present major counseling difficulties, and the procedure is an improved diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities.
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