1
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Kirschen GW, Blakemore K, Al-Kouatly HB, Fridkis G, Baschat A, Gearhart J, Jelin AC. The genetic etiologies of bilateral renal agenesis. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:205-221. [PMID: 38180355 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to review and analyze the medical literature for cases of prenatal and/or postnatally diagnosed bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) and create a comprehensive summary of the genetic etiologies known to be associated with this condition. METHODS A literature search was conducted as a scoping review employing Online Mendeliain Inheritance in Man, PubMed, and Cochrane to identify cases of BRA with known underlying genetic (chromosomal vs. single gene) etiologies and those described in syndromes without any known genetic etiology. The cases were further categorized as isolated versus non-isolated, describing additional findings reported prenatally, postnatally, and postmortem. Inheritance pattern was also documented when appropriate in addition to the reported timing of diagnosis and sex. RESULTS We identified six cytogenetic abnormalities and 21 genes responsible for 20 single gene disorders associated with BRA. Five genes have been reported to associate with BRA without other renal anomalies; sixteen others associate with both BRA as well as unilateral renal agenesis. Six clinically recognized syndromes/associations were identified with an unknown underlying genetic etiology. Genetic etiologies of BRA are often phenotypically expressed as other urogenital anomalies as well as complex multi-system syndromes. CONCLUSION Multiple genetic etiologies of BRA have been described, including cytogenetic abnormalities and monogenic syndromes. The current era of the utilization of exome and genome-wide sequencing is likely to significantly expand our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of BRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Kirschen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karin Blakemore
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huda B Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, New York, USA
| | - Gila Fridkis
- Physician Affiliate Group of New York, P.C. (PAGNY), Department of Pediatrics, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ahmet Baschat
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Gearhart
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angie C Jelin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Saeyup P, Prasarnphan D, Charoenraj P. Anesthetic management in an infant with tetra-amelia syndrome with congenital maxillomandibular fusion: A case report. Paediatr Anaesth 2022; 32:967-969. [PMID: 35531655 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 10-month-old girl who had tetra-amelia syndrome and congenital maxillomandibular fusion (syngnathia) was scheduled for the surgical fusion separation. Anesthetic management for this case was considerably challenging. Standard monitoring was still applied to the patient's extremities. IV access was suspected to be difficult but firmly needed before intubation to provide resuscitation during an emergency. Connecting anesthetic circuit with nasopharyngeal airway was the preferred technique due to its benefits such as maintaining spontaneous ventilation, providing inhaled anesthetic, as well as monitoring oxygenation and ventilation. Importantly, the cornerstones for handling such complicated cases are multidisciplinary approach and teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipat Saeyup
- Department of Anesthesiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daraneenuch Prasarnphan
- Department of Anesthesiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornarun Charoenraj
- Department of Anesthesiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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De Cian MC, Gregoire EP, Le Rolle M, Lachambre S, Mondin M, Bell S, Guigon CJ, Chassot AA, Chaboissier MC. R-spondin2 signaling is required for oocyte-driven intercellular communication and follicular growth. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2856-2871. [PMID: 32341451 PMCID: PMC7493947 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
R-spondin2 (RSPO2) is a member of the R-spondin family, which are secreted activators of the WNT/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling pathway. In the mouse postnatal ovary, WNT/CTNNB1 signaling is active in the oocyte and in the neighboring supporting cells, the granulosa cells. Although the role of Rspo2 has been previously studied using in vitro experiments, the results are conflicting and the in vivo ovarian function of Rspo2 remains unclear. In the present study, we found that RSPO2/Rspo2 expression is restricted to the oocyte of developing follicles in both human and mouse ovaries from the beginning of the follicular growth. In mice, genetic deletion of Rspo2 does not impair oocyte growth, but instead prevents cell cycle progression of neighboring granulosa cells, thus resulting in an arrest of follicular growth. We further show this cell cycle arrest to be independent of growth promoting GDF9 signaling, but rather associated with a downregulation of WNT/CTNNB1 signaling in granulosa cells. To confirm the contribution of WNT/CTNNB1 signaling in granulosa cell proliferation, we induced cell type specific deletion of Ctnnb1 postnatally. Strikingly, follicles lacking Ctnnb1 failed to develop beyond the primary stage. These results show that RSPO2 acts in a paracrine manner to sustain granulosa cell proliferation in early developing follicles. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the activation of WNT/CTNNB1 signaling by RSPO2 is essential for oocyte-granulosa cell interactions that drive maturation of the ovarian follicles and eventually female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile De Cian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France.,Université de Corte, Corte, France
| | | | | | | | - Magali Mondin
- Université de Bordeaux, UMS 3420 CNRS-US4 Inserm, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sheila Bell
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Céline J Guigon
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, Paris, France
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4
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Skuplik I, Cobb J. Animal Models for Understanding Human Skeletal Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:157-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Szenker-Ravi E, Altunoglu U, Leushacke M, Bosso-Lefèvre C, Khatoo M, Thi Tran H, Naert T, Noelanders R, Hajamohideen A, Beneteau C, de Sousa SB, Karaman B, Latypova X, Başaran S, Yücel EB, Tan TT, Vlaminck L, Nayak SS, Shukla A, Girisha KM, Le Caignec C, Soshnikova N, Uyguner ZO, Vleminckx K, Barker N, Kayserili H, Reversade B. RSPO2 inhibition of RNF43 and ZNRF3 governs limb development independently of LGR4/5/6. Nature 2018; 557:564-569. [PMID: 29769720 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The four R-spondin secreted ligands (RSPO1-RSPO4) act via their cognate LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6 receptors to amplify WNT signalling1-3. Here we report an allelic series of recessive RSPO2 mutations in humans that cause tetra-amelia syndrome, which is characterized by lung aplasia and a total absence of the four limbs. Functional studies revealed impaired binding to the LGR4/5/6 receptors and the RNF43 and ZNRF3 transmembrane ligases, and reduced WNT potentiation, which correlated with allele severity. Unexpectedly, however, the triple and ubiquitous knockout of Lgr4, Lgr5 and Lgr6 in mice did not recapitulate the known Rspo2 or Rspo3 loss-of-function phenotypes. Moreover, endogenous depletion or addition of exogenous RSPO2 or RSPO3 in triple-knockout Lgr4/5/6 cells could still affect WNT responsiveness. Instead, we found that the concurrent deletion of rnf43 and znrf3 in Xenopus embryos was sufficient to trigger the outgrowth of supernumerary limbs. Our results establish that RSPO2, without the LGR4/5/6 receptors, serves as a direct antagonistic ligand to RNF43 and ZNRF3, which together constitute a master switch that governs limb specification. These findings have direct implications for regenerative medicine and WNT-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Célia Bosso-Lefèvre
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muznah Khatoo
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Thi Tran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Naert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rivka Noelanders
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sergio B de Sousa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University Clinic of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xenia Latypova
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Seher Başaran
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Börklü Yücel
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thong Teck Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Vlaminck
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shalini S Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissue, Université Bretagne Loire, Nantes, France
| | | | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey. .,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore. .,Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam-Zuidoost, The Netherlands.
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6
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Boer LL, Schepens-Franke AN, van Asten JJA, Bosboom DGH, Kamphuis-van Ulzen K, Kozicz TL, Ruiter DJ, Oostra RJ, Klein WM. Radiological imaging of teratological fetuses: what can we learn? Insights Imaging 2017; 8:301-310. [PMID: 28439719 PMCID: PMC5438317 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-017-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the advantages of radiological imaging of a collection of full-term teratological fetuses in order to increase their scientific and educational value. Background Anatomical museums around the world exhibit full-term teratological fetuses. Unfortunately, these museums are regularly considered as “morbid cabinets”. Detailed dysmorphological information concerning the exhibited specimens is often lacking. Moreover, fetuses with severe and complex congenital anomalies are frequently diagnosed incompletely, incorrectly or not at all. Methods In order to verify diagnoses and to enrich their educational and scientific value, we imaged 41 out of the 72 teratological specimens present in the collection of our Anatomy and Pathology Museum in Nijmegen (The Netherlands) by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Additionally, contemporary dysmorphological insights and 3D models are implemented in the teratology education of medical students and residents. Conclusions Full-term teratological fetuses have become increasingly rare and deserve a prominent place in every anatomical museum; they are suitable for contemporary teratological research and education. Modern radiological techniques markedly enhance their scientific and didactic value. Teaching Points • To explore the scientific and educational potential of institutionalised teratological collections • To understand the additional value of radiological imaging in diagnosing teratological specimens • To learn about the specific settings of MRI parameters when scanning fixed specimens • To recognise specific internal dysmorphology in several congenital anomalies
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Boer
- Department of Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A N Schepens-Franke
- Department of Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J J A van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D G H Bosboom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - K Kamphuis-van Ulzen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T L Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Ruiter
- Department of Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R-J Oostra
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M Klein
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Wagner MW, Poretti A, Benson JE, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:162-209. [PMID: 28000960 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re-)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long-term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern-recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n = 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern-recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work-up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Benson
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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8
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Eghbalian F, Sharif A, Monsef AR. Amelia: A Case Report and Literature Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2015; 25:e4114. [PMID: 26635946 PMCID: PMC4662846 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eghbalian
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatemeh Eghbalian, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9181190121, Fax: +98-8112517910, E-mail:
| | - Amine Sharif
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran
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9
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Christiaens AB, Deprez PML, Amyere M, Mendola A, Bernard P, Gillerot Y, Clapuyt P, Godfraind C, Lengelé BG, Vikkula M, Nyssen-Behets C. Isolated bilateral transverse agenesis of the distal segments of the lower limbs at the level of the knee joint in a human fetus. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:523-530. [PMID: 26544544 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital limb anomalies occur in Europe with a prevalence of 3.81/1,000 births and can have a major impact on patients and their families. The present study concerned a female fetus aborted at 23 weeks of gestation because she was affected by non-syndromic bilateral absence of the zeugopod (leg) and autopod (foot). Autopsy of the aborted fetus, X-ray imaging, MRI, and histochemical analysis showed that the distal extremity of both femurs was continued by a cartilage-like mass, without joint cavitation. Karyotype was normal. Moreover, no damaging variant was detected by exome sequencing. The limb characteristics of the fetus, which to our knowledge have not yet been reported in humans, suggest a developmental arrest similar to anomalies described in chicks following surgical experiments on the apical ectodermal ridge of the lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine B Christiaens
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre M L Deprez
- Ecole de Kinésiologie et Récréologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mustapha Amyere
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Mendola
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bernard
- Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Gillerot
- Centre for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- Laboratory of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît G Lengelé
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Nyssen-Behets
- Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Abstract
Amelia and Meromelia may either present as an isolated defect or associated with other malformations; and the diagnosis is mainly clinical. The antenatal period of the case presented here was medically unsupervised but uneventful. The baby had bilateral upper limb Meromelia and bilateral lower limb Amelia along with a small ostium secundum atrial septal defect. Except for the young age of mother, there was no other obvious risk factor in this case. The baby had a normal and healthy neonatal outcome whereas most such cases are either stillborn or end in early neonatal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- 1 NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
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11
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Zuniga A, Zeller R, Probst S. The molecular basis of human congenital limb malformations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 1:803-22. [PMID: 23799625 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses predominantly on the human congenital malformations caused by alterations affecting the morphoregulatory gene networks that control early limb bud patterning and outgrowth. Limb defects are among the most frequent congenital malformations in humans that are caused by genetic mutations or teratogenic effects resulting either in abnormal, loss of, or additional skeletal elements. Spontaneous and engineered mouse models have been used to identify and study the molecular alterations and disrupted gene networks that underlie human congenital limb malformations. More recently, mouse genetics has begun to reveal the alterations that affect the often-large cis-regulatory landscapes that control gene expression in limb buds and cause devastating effects on limb bud development. These findings have paved the way to identifying mutations in cis-regulatory regions as causal to an increasing number of congenital limb malformations in humans. In these cases, no mutations in the coding region of a presumed candidate were previously detected. This review highlights how the current understanding of the molecular gene networks and interactions that control mouse limb bud development provides insight into the etiology of human congenital limb malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Zuniga
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Al-Owain M, Al-Hashem A, Al-Muhaizea M, Humaidan H, Al-Hindi H, Al-Homoud I, Al-Mogarri I. Vici syndrome associated with unilateral lung hypoplasia and myopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1849-53. [PMID: 20583151 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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