1
|
Brady S, Krishnan U, Saqi A, Vargas D. Twins with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins: Strategies for diagnosis and management. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024; 17:147-152. [PMID: 38251067 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a case of dichorionic-diamniotic twin females who developed hypoxemic respiratory failure. They were ultimately diagnosed by lung biopsy with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. This case highlights a practical approach to reaching a diagnosis in infants with suspected developmental lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - U Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian-Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali T, Rogala S, Krause NM, Bains JK, Melissari MT, Währisch S, Schwalbe H, Herrmann B, Grote P. Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling to regulate fibrosis related genes during lung development via its RNA:dsDNA triplex element. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6227-6237. [PMID: 37207329 PMCID: PMC10325902 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are a very versatile class of molecules that can have important roles in regulating a cells function, including regulating other genes on the transcriptional level. One of these mechanisms is that RNA can directly interact with DNA thereby recruiting additional components such as proteins to these sites via an RNA:dsDNA triplex formation. We genetically deleted the triplex forming sequence (FendrrBox) from the lncRNA Fendrr in mice and found that this FendrrBox is partially required for Fendrr function in vivo. We found that the loss of the triplex forming site in developing lungs causes a dysregulation of gene programs associated with lung fibrosis. A set of these genes contain a triplex site directly at their promoter and are expressed in lung fibroblasts. We biophysically confirmed the formation of an RNA:dsDNA triplex with target promoters in vitro. We found that Fendrr with the Wnt signalling pathway regulates these genes, implicating that Fendrr synergizes with Wnt signalling in lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Ali
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha13518, Egypt
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sandra Rogala
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Nina M Krause
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Jasleen Kaur Bains
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Sandra Währisch
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Phillip Grote
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Guo L, Zhang B, Wu J, Sun Y, Tao H, Sha J, Zhai J, Liu M. Haploinsufficiencies of FOXF1, FOXC2 and FOXL1 genes originated from deleted 16q24.1q24.2 fragment related with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome: relationship to phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36329475 PMCID: PMC9632103 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We describe a fetus with a 2.12-Mb terminal deleted fragment in 16q associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) and lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (LDS) and intend to provide a comprehensive prenatal management strategy for the fetuses with ACDMPV and LDS through reviewing other similar published studies. Methods The fetus presented a series of diverse structural malformations including congenital cardiovascular, genitourinary and gastro-intestinal anomalies in ultrasound at 23 + 5 weeks of gestation (GA).
Amniocentesis was conducted for karyotype analysis and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) after informed consent. Results The fetal karyotype was 46,XX, however the result of CNV-seq showed an approximately 2.12-Mb deletion in 16q24.1q24.2 (85220000-87340000) × 1 indicating pathogenicity. Conclusion Genomic testing should be recommend as a first line diagnostic tool for suspected ACDMPV and/or LDS or other genetic syndromes for the fetuses with structural abnormalities in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lili Guo
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Bei Zhang
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Jiebin Wu
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Yu Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China ,Department of Obstetrics, Fengxian People’s Hospital, Feng Xian Renmin West Road No.51, Xuzhou, 221700 Jiangsu China
| | - Huimin Tao
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Jing Sha
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingfang Zhai
- grid.252957.e0000 0001 1484 5512Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue No. 2600, Bengbu, 233000 Anhui China ,grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| | - Min Liu
- grid.452207.60000 0004 1758 0558Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Center, Xuzhou Central Hospital, No. 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 221000 Xuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Comparative Genomic Hybridization to Microarrays in Fetuses with High-Risk Prenatal Indications: Polish Experience with 7400 Pregnancies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040690. [PMID: 35456496 PMCID: PMC9032831 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the comparative genomic hybridization to microarray (aCGH) technique for prenatal diagnosis, but also to assess the frequency of chromosomal aberrations that may lead to fetal malformations but are not included in the diagnostic report. We present the results of the aCGH in a cohort of 7400 prenatal cases, indicated for invasive testing due to ultrasound abnormalities, high-risk for serum screening, thickened nuchal translucency, family history of genetic abnormalities or congenital abnormalities, and advanced maternal age (AMA). The overall chromosomal aberration detection rate was 27.2% (2010/7400), including 71.2% (1431/2010) of numerical aberrations and 28.8% (579/2010) of structural aberrations. Additionally, the detection rate of clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) was 6.8% (505/7400) and 0.7% (57/7400) for variants of unknown clinical significance. The detection rate of clinically significant submicroscopic CNVs was 7.9% (334/4204) for fetuses with structural anomalies, 5.4% (18/336) in AMA, 3.1% (22/713) in the group of abnormal serum screening and 6.1% (131/2147) in other indications. Using the aCGH method, it was possible to assess the frequency of pathogenic chromosomal aberrations, of likely pathogenic and of uncertain clinical significance, in the groups of cases with different indications for an invasive test.
Collapse
|
5
|
Michelson M, Lidzbarsky G, Nishri D, Israel-Elgali I, Berger R, Gafner M, Shomron N, Lev D, Goldberg Y. Microdeletion of 16q24.1-q24.2-A unique etiology of Lymphedema-Distichiasis syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1990-1996. [PMID: 35312147 PMCID: PMC9314700 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of 16q24.1–q24.2 are associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia, congenital renal malformations, neurodevelopmental disorders, and congenital abnormalities. Lymphedema–Distichiasis syndrome (LDS; OMIM # 153400) is a dominant condition caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in FOXC2. Usually, lymphedema and distichiasis occur in puberty or later on, and affected individuals typically achieve normal developmental milestones. Here, we describe a boy with congenital lymphedema, distichiasis, bilateral hydronephrosis, and global developmental delay, with a de novo microdeletion of 894 kb at 16q24.1–q24.2. This report extends the phenotype of both 16q24.1–q24.2 microdeletion syndrome and of LDS. Interestingly, the deletion involves only the 3′‐UTR part of FOXC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Michelson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Lidzbarsky
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Daniella Nishri
- Child Developmental Center of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Israel-Elgali
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Berger
- The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Gafner
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Goldberg
- The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung disease (ChILD) is an umbrella term encompassing a diverse group of diffuse lung diseases affecting infants and children. Although the timely and accurate diagnosis of ChILD is often challenging, it is optimally achieved through the multidisciplinary integration of imaging findings with clinical data, genetics, and potentially lung biopsy. This article reviews the definition and classification of ChILD; the role of imaging, pathology, and genetics in ChILD diagnosis; treatment options; and future goals. In addition, a practical approach to ChILD imaging based on the latest available research and the characteristic imaging appearance of ChILD entities are presented.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chicco D, Oneto L. An Enhanced Random Forests Approach to Predict Heart Failure From Small Imbalanced Gene Expression Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:2759-2765. [PMID: 33259306 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3041527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions and heart failure are the cause of more than 17 million deaths annually worldwide. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMI) require timely treatment, because delays of minutes have serious clinical impacts. Machine learning can provide alternative ways to predict heart failure and identify genes involved in heart failure. For these scopes, we applied a Random Forests classifier enhanced with feature elimination to microarray gene expression of 111 patients diagnosed with STEMI, and measured the classification performance through standard metrics such as the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC). Afterwards, we used the same approach to rank all genes by importance, and to detect the genes more strongly associated with heart failure. We validated this ranking by literature review and gene set enrichment analysis. Our classifier employed to predict heart failure achieved MCC = +0.87 and ROC AUC = 0.918, and our analysis identified KLHL22, WDR11, OR4Q3, GPATCH3, and FAH as top five protein-coding genes related to heart failure. Our results confirm the effectiveness of machine learning feature elimination in predicting heart failure from gene expression, and the top genes found by our approach will be able to help biologists and cardiologists further our understanding of heart failure.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): molecular pathogenesis and emerging drug targets for cardiac repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:621-632. [PMID: 34488532 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1978069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe developmental defect characterized by the underdevelopment of the left ventricle along with aortic and valvular defects. Multiple palliative surgeries are required for survival. Emerging studies have identified potential mechanisms for the disease onset, including genetic and hemodynamic causes. Genetic variants associated with HLHS include transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, structural proteins, and signaling proteins necessary for normal heart development. Nonetheless, current therapies are being tested clinically and have shown promising results at improving cardiac function in patients who have undergone palliative surgeries. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov to review most of the mechanistic research and clinical trials involving HLHS. This review discusses the anatomy and pathology of HLHS hearts. We highlight some of the identified genetic variants that underly the molecular pathogenesis of HLHS. Additionally, we discuss some of the emerging therapies and their limitations for HLHS. EXPERT OPINION While HLHS etiology is largely obscure, palliative therapies remain the most viable option for the patients. It is necessary to generate animal and stem cell models to understand the underlying genetic causes directly leading to HLHS and facilitate the use of gene-based therapies to improve cardiac development and regeneration.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Drosophila Forkhead/Fox transcription factor Jumeau mediates specific cardiac progenitor cell divisions by regulating expression of the kinesin Nebbish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3221. [PMID: 33547352 PMCID: PMC7864957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead (Fkh/Fox) domain transcription factors (TFs) mediate multiple cardiogenic processes in both mammals and Drosophila. We showed previously that the Drosophila Fox gene jumeau (jumu) controls three categories of cardiac progenitor cell division—asymmetric, symmetric, and cell division at an earlier stage—by regulating Polo kinase activity, and mediates the latter two categories in concert with the TF Myb. Those observations raised the question of whether other jumu-regulated genes also mediate all three categories of cardiac progenitor cell division or a subset thereof. By comparing microarray-based expression profiles of wild-type and jumu loss-of-function mesodermal cells, we identified nebbish (neb), a kinesin-encoding gene activated by jumu. Phenotypic analysis shows that neb is required for only two categories of jumu-regulated cardiac progenitor cell division: symmetric and cell division at an earlier stage. Synergistic genetic interactions between neb, jumu, Myb, and polo and the rescue of jumu mutations by ectopic cardiac mesoderm-specific expression of neb demonstrate that neb is an integral component of a jumu-regulated subnetwork mediating cardiac progenitor cell divisions. Our results emphasize the central role of Fox TFs in cardiogenesis and illustrate how a single TF can utilize different combinations of other regulators and downstream effectors to control distinct developmental processes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu M, Sharma PG, Rajderkar DA. Childhood interstitial lung disease: A case-based review of the imaging findings. Ann Thorac Med 2021; 16:64-72. [PMID: 33680127 PMCID: PMC7908900 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_384_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) consists of a large, heterogeneous group of individually rare disorders. chILD demonstrates major differences in disease etiology, natural history, and management when compared with the adult group. It occurs primarily secondary to an underlying developmental or genetic abnormality affecting the growth and maturity of the pediatric lung. They present with different clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. In this pictorial review article, we will divide chILD into those more prevalent in infancy and those not specific to infancy. We will use a case based approach to discuss relevant imaging findings including modalities such as radiograph and computed tomography in a wide variety of pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Priya Girish Sharma
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jourdan-Voyen L, Touraine R, Masutti JP, Busa T, Vincent-Delorme C, Dreyfus L, Molin A, Savey B, Mounzer A, Assaf Z, Atallah V, da Cruz V, Gaillard D, Leroy-Terquem E, Mouton JB, Ghoumid J, Picaud JC, Dijoud F, Bouquillon S, Baumann C, Lambert L. Phenotypic and genetic spectrum of alveolar capillary dysplasia: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2020; 105:387-392. [PMID: 31641027 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is one of the causes of pulmonary hypertension. Its diagnosis is histological but new pathogenetic data have emerged. The aim of this study was to describe a French cohort of patients with ACD to improve the comprehension and the diagnosis of this pathology which is probably underdiagnosed. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted in French hospitals. Patients born between 2005 and 2017, whose biological samples were sent to the French genetic reference centres, were included. Clinical, histological and genetic data were retrospectively collected. RESULTS We presented a series of 21 patients. The mean of postmenstrual age at birth was 37.6 weeks. The first symptoms appeared on the median of 2.5 hours. Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in 20 patients out of 21. Two cases had prolonged survival (3.3 and 14 months). Histological analysis was done on lung tissue from autopsy (57.1% of cases) or from percutaneous biopsy (28.6%). FOXF1 was found abnormal in 15 patients (71.4%): 8 deletions and 7 point mutations. Two deletions were found by chromosomal microarray. CONCLUSION This study is one of the largest clinically described series in literature. It seems crucial to integrate genetics early into diagnostic support. We propose a diagnostic algorithm for helping medical teams to improve diagnosis of this pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tiffany Busa
- Medical Genetics, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziad Assaf
- Neonatology, Hopital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Genetics, CHRU Lille Pôle Spécialités Médico-Chirurgicales, Arras, France
| | - Jean-Charles Picaud
- Neonatology, Hopital Croix Rousse, Lyon, France.,Neonatology, Universite Lyon 1 Faculte de Medecine et de Maieutique Lyon-Sud Charles Merieux, Oullins, France
| | | | - Sonia Bouquillon
- Cytogenetics, CHRU Lille Pôle Spécialités Médico-Chirurgicales, Arras, France
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Platform of Clinical Research Facility PARC, CHU Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kozłowska Z, Owsiańska Z, Wroblewska JP, Kałużna A, Marszałek A, Singh Y, Mroziński B, Liu Q, Karolak JA, Stankiewicz P, Deutsch G, Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz M, Szczapa T. Genotype-phenotype correlation in two Polish neonates with alveolar capillary dysplasia. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:320. [PMID: 32600276 PMCID: PMC7322906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare cause of severe pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure in neonates. The onset of ACD is usually preceded by a short asymptomatic period. The condition is refractory to all available therapies as it irreversibly affects development of the capillary bed in the lungs. The diagnosis of ACD is based on histopathological evaluation of lung biopsy or autopsy tissue or genetic testing of FOXF1 on chromosome 16q24.1. Here, we describe the first two Polish patients with ACD confirmed by histopathological and genetic examination. CASE PRESENTATION The patients were term neonates with high Apgar scores in the first minutes of life. They both were diagnosed prenatally with heart defects. Additionally, the first patient presented with omphalocele. The neonate slightly deteriorated around 12th hour of life, but underwent surgical repair of omphalocele followed by mechanical ventilation. Due to further deterioration, therapy included inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), inotropes and surfactant administration. The second patient was treated with prostaglandin E1 since birth due to suspicion of aortic coarctation (CoA). After ruling out CoA in the 3rd day of life, infusion of prostaglandin E1 was discountinued and immediately patient's condition worsened. Subsequent treatment included re-administration of prostaglandin E1, iNO and mechanical ventilation. Both patients presented with transient improvement after application of iNO, but died despite maximized therapy. They were histopathologically diagnosed post-mortem with ACD. Array comparative genomic hybridization in patient one and patient two revealed copy-number variant (CNV) deletions, respectively, ~ 1.45 Mb in size involving FOXF1 and an ~ 0.7 Mb in size involving FOXF1 enhancer and leaving FOXF1 intact. CONCLUSIONS Both patients presented with a distinct course of ACD, extra-pulmonary manifestations and response to medications. Surgery and ceasing of prostaglandin E1 infusion should be considered as potential causes of this variability. We further highlight the necessity of thorough genetic testing and histopathological examination and propose immunostaining for CD31 and CD34 to facilitate the diagnostic process for better management of infants with ACD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kozłowska
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Owsiańska
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna P Wroblewska
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Apolonia Kałużna
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences and Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Yogen Singh
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bartłomiej Mroziński
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, USA
| | - Marta Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczapa
- Department of Neonatology, Neonatal Biophysical Monitoring and Cardiopulmonary Therapies Research Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Minor alleles of genetic variants in second heart field increase the risk of hypoplastic right heart syndrome. J Genet 2019. [PMID: 31204705 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Bourque DK, Fonseca IC, Staines A, Teitelbaum R, Axford MM, Jobling R, Chiasson D, Chitayat D. Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins and hypoplastic left heart sequence caused by an in frame deletion within FOXF1. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1325-1329. [PMID: 31074124 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder of interstitial lung development, leading to pulmonary hypertension, and death in infancy. Associated features include malformations of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. ACDMPV is caused by heterozygous variants in the FOXF1 gene or microdeletions involving FOXF1. We present a male infant with ACDMPV, hypoplastic left heart sequence (HLHS), duodenal atresia, and imperforate anus due to a de novo, in frame deletion in FOXF1: c.209_214del (p.Thr70_Leu71del). Previous reports have suggested that microdeletions involving FOXF1 are associated with ACDMPV with congenital heart defects, including HLHS, gastrointestinal atresias, and other anomalies; whereas likely pathogenic variants within FOXF1 have not been reported with ACDMPV and HLHS. This is the first patient reported with ACDMPV, HLHS, imperforate anus, and duodenal atresia associated with a likely pathogenic variant in the FOXF1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K Bourque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Genetics, CHEO, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inara Chacon Fonseca
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Staines
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronni Teitelbaum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle M Axford
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Genome Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebekah Jobling
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Genome Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chiasson
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abu-El-Haija A, Fineman J, Connolly AJ, Murali P, Judge LM, Slavotinek AM. Two patients with FOXF1 mutations with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and other malformations: Two different presentations and outcomes. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2877-2881. [PMID: 30380203 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) describes a group of developmental disorders affecting the lungs with its pulmonary vasculature. Mutations in the FOXF1 gene have been reported in most cases, and extrapulmonary findings were described. We present two patients with ACDMPV and FOXF1 mutations that illustrate the variability in presentation and outcome of their disease. Patient 1 was a full-term infant with imperforate anus and pulmonary hypertension. He required Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on day of life (DOL) 3, and passed away on DOL 13 after no clinical improvement. Postmortem findings were consistent with ACDMPV. FOXF1 testing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic frameshift de novo mutation, c.1057_1078dup, p.(Gly360Valfs*58). Patient 2 is a 6-month-old female, with a small omphalocele. She had intermittent retractions at 1 week of age. She was admitted with pulmonary hypertension at 7 weeks of age. Lung biopsy confirmed ACDMPV. FOXF1 testing revealed a de novo, heterozygous likely pathogenic missense mutation c.253T>C, p.(Phe85Leu]). Our two patients had different presentations, ages of onset, and progression of their disease. Our second patient had patchy lung involvement on biopsy, which may explain the relatively delayed onset and longer survival. ACDMPV is an important consideration for full-term infants with worsening pulmonary hypertension early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeff Fineman
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew J Connolly
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Priyanka Murali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, San Jose, California
| | - Luke M Judge
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morrisey EE, Rustgi AK. The Lung and Esophagus: Developmental and Regenerative Overlap. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:738-748. [PMID: 29871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal development and organogenesis involve a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors. Once the lung and esophagus do separate, their epithelial proliferation and differentiation programs share certain common properties that may fuel adaptive responses to injury and subsequent regeneration. Lung and esophageal tissue organogenesis and regeneration provide perspectives on squamous cell cancers and adenocarcinomas in each tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Morrisey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Semple TR, Ashworth MT, Owens CM. Interstitial Lung Disease in Children Made Easier…Well, Almost. Radiographics 2018; 37:1679-1703. [PMID: 29019755 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017170006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in pediatric patients is different from that in adults, with a vast array of pathologic conditions unique to childhood, varied modes of presentation, and a different range of radiologic appearances. Although rare, childhood ILD (chILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, most notably in conditions of disordered surfactant function, with respiratory failure in 100% of neonates with surfactant protein B dysfunction and 100% mortality without lung transplantation. The authors present a summary of lung development and anatomy, followed by an organized approach, using the structure and nomenclature of the 2013 update to the chILD Research Network classification system, to aid radiologic diagnosis of chILD. Index radiologic cases with contemporaneous histopathologic findings illustrate a summary of recent imaging studies covering the full spectrum of chILD. chILD is best grouped by age at presentation from infancy (diffuse developmental disorders, lung growth abnormalities, specific conditions of unknown origin, surfactant dysfunction mutations) to later childhood (disorders of the normal host, disorders related to systemic disease processes, disorders related to immunocompromise). Appreciation of the temporal division of chILD into infant and later childhood onset, along with a sound understanding of pulmonary organogenesis and surfactant homeostasis, will aid in providing useful insight into this important group of pediatric conditions. Application of secondary lobular anatomy to interpretation of thin-section computed tomographic images is pivotal to understanding patterns of ILD and will aid in selecting and narrowing a differential diagnosis. ©RSNA, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Semple
- From the Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, England SW3 6NP (T.R.S.); and Departments of Imaging (T.R.S., C.M.O.) and Histopathology (M.T.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England
| | - Michael T Ashworth
- From the Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, England SW3 6NP (T.R.S.); and Departments of Imaging (T.R.S., C.M.O.) and Histopathology (M.T.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England
| | - Catherine M Owens
- From the Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, England SW3 6NP (T.R.S.); and Departments of Imaging (T.R.S., C.M.O.) and Histopathology (M.T.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang C, Xu Y, Yu M, Lee D, Alharti S, Hellen N, Ahmad Shaik N, Banaganapalli B, Sheikh Ali Mohamoud H, Elango R, Przyborski S, Tenin G, Williams S, O’Sullivan J, Al-Radi OO, Atta J, Harding SE, Keavney B, Lako M, Armstrong L. Induced pluripotent stem cell modelling of HLHS underlines the contribution of dysfunctional NOTCH signalling to impaired cardiogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3031-3045. [PMID: 28521042 PMCID: PMC5886295 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is among the most severe forms of congenital heart disease. Although the consensus view is that reduced flow through the left heart during development is a key factor in the development of the condition, the molecular mechanisms leading to hypoplasia of left heart structures are unknown. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from five HLHS patients and two unaffected controls, differentiated these to cardiomyocytes and identified reproducible in vitro cellular and functional correlates of the HLHS phenotype. Our data indicate that HLHS-iPSC have a reduced ability to give rise to mesodermal, cardiac progenitors and mature cardiomyocytes and an enhanced ability to differentiate to smooth muscle cells. HLHS-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are characterised by a lower beating rate, disorganised sarcomeres and sarcoplasmic reticulum and a blunted response to isoprenaline. Whole exome sequencing of HLHS fibroblasts identified deleterious variants in NOTCH receptors and other genes involved in the NOTCH signalling pathway. Our data indicate that the expression of NOTCH receptors was significantly downregulated in HLHS-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes alongside NOTCH target genes confirming downregulation of NOTCH signalling activity. Activation of NOTCH signalling via addition of Jagged peptide ligand during the differentiation of HLHS-iPSC restored their cardiomyocyte differentiation capacity and beating rate and suppressed the smooth muscle cell formation. Together, our data provide firm evidence for involvement of NOTCH signalling in HLHS pathogenesis, reveal novel genetic insights important for HLHS pathology and shed new insights into the role of this pathway during human cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Yaobo Xu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Lee
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sameer Alharti
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Hellen
- NHLI, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babajan Banaganapalli
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Sheikh Ali Mohamoud
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramu Elango
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gennadiy Tenin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Osman O Al-Radi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel Atta
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sian E. Harding
- NHLI, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
[Interstitial processes of the lungs in childhood]. DER PATHOLOGE 2017; 38:260-271. [PMID: 28349192 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial processes in the lungs of children can be due to several underlying diseases. Knowledge of the child's age is important as genetic aberrations play a major role in diseases in the first 2 years, whereas immunological diseases are more common starting in kindergarden age. In general lung diseases are rare in children, which makes the diagnostics difficult and results in a delayed diagnosis. In addition, pediatric pulmonologists are often very reluctant to perform lung biopsies due to a lack of a specialized pathologist. In order to make a contribution to the diagnostics of pediatric pulmonary diseases, pathologists should be specialized in pulmonary pathology, have a good knowledge of genetic methods and fetal lung development, which includes the genetic factors involved in lung growth and differentiation. A close cooperation with the pediatric pulmonologist is necessary and each patient should be discussed jointly on an interstitial lung disease board to promote the quality of diagnostics. The pathologist should be aware that the developing lungs of children are not just a smaller form of adult lungs and often react very differently. In this article, we mainly focus on diffuse infiltration patterns, such as ground glass and reticulonodular infiltrations as described in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Localized interstitial processes, which can sometimes be tumor-like and malformations are not dealt with; however, vascular malformations are included as these often manifest as diffuse interstitial infiltrations and must therefore be taken into consideration for the differential diagnostics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Goel D, Oei JL, Lui K, Ward M, Shand AW, Mowat D, Gifford AJ, Loo C. Antenatal gastrointestinal anomalies in neonates subsequently found to have alveolar capillary dysplasia. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:559-566. [PMID: 28469849 PMCID: PMC5412771 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare condition with variable presentation and clinical course. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in neonates presenting with nonlethal congenital gastrointestinal malformation, a period of well-being after birth then unremitting hypoxemia and refractory pulmonary hypertension. Lung biopsy and FOXF1 gene testing may help in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Goel
- Department of Newborn Care Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Ju Lee Oei
- Department of Newborn Care Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Kei Lui
- Department of Newborn Care Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Meredith Ward
- Department of Newborn Care Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia
| | - Antonia W Shand
- School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia.,Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine Royal Hospital for Women Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - David Mowat
- School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics Sydney Children's Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick New South Wales Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology (Seals) Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Christine Loo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology (Seals) Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia.,University of Western Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zimmer J, Takahashi T, Hofmann AD, Puri P. Downregulation of Forkhead box F1 gene expression in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:1121-1126. [PMID: 27663689 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High mortality and morbidity in infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are attributed to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are known to be crucial for cell proliferation and homeostasis. FoxF1 is essential for lung morphogenesis, vascular development, and endothelial proliferation. Mutations in FoxF1 and also the Fox family member FoxC2 have been identified in neonates with PH. In human and experimental models of arterial PH, the Fox protein FoxO1 was found to be downregulated. We hypothesized that Fox expression is altered in the lungs of the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model and investigated the expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1. METHODS Following ethical approval (Rec 913b), time-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21, inspected for CDH and divided into CDH (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). Gene expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1 was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Detected alterations of mRNA levels were subsequently assessed on the protein level by performing western blot analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS The relative mRNA level of FoxF1 was significantly downregulated in CDH lungs compared to controls (FoxF1 CDH 1.047 ± 0.108, FoxF1 Ctrl 1.419 ± 0.01, p = 0.014). Relative mRNA levels of FoxC2 and FoxO1 were not found to be altered between the experimental groups (FoxC2 CDH 30.74 ± 8.925, FoxC2 Ctrl 27.408 ± 7.487, p = 0.776; FoxO1 CDH 0.011 ± 0.002, FoxO1 Ctrl 0.011 ± 0.001, p = 0.809). On the protein level, western blotting demonstrated a reduced pulmonary protein expression of FoxF1 in CDH lungs. Confocal microscopy showed a markedly diminished expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of CDH lungs compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a strikingly reduced expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH. Altered FoxF1 gene expression during embryogenesis may participate in vascular maldevelopment resulting in PH in this animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A D Hofmann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Gate 5, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pathogenetics of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Hum Genet 2016; 135:569-586. [PMID: 27071622 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is a lethal lung developmental disorder caused by heterozygous point mutations or genomic deletion copy-number variants (CNVs) of FOXF1 or its upstream enhancer involving fetal lung-expressed long noncoding RNA genes LINC01081 and LINC01082. Using custom-designed array comparative genomic hybridization, Sanger sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES), and bioinformatic analyses, we studied 22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. We describe novel deletion CNVs at the FOXF1 locus in 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients. Together with the previously reported cases, all 31 genomic deletions in 16q24.1, pathogenic for ACDMPV, for which parental origin was determined, arose de novo with 30 of them occurring on the maternally inherited chromosome 16, strongly implicating genomic imprinting of the FOXF1 locus in human lungs. Surprisingly, we have also identified four ACDMPV families with the pathogenic variants in the FOXF1 locus that arose on paternal chromosome 16. Interestingly, a combination of the severe cardiac defects, including hypoplastic left heart, and single umbilical artery were observed only in children with deletion CNVs involving FOXF1 and its upstream enhancer. Our data demonstrate that genomic imprinting at 16q24.1 plays an important role in variable ACDMPV manifestation likely through long-range regulation of FOXF1 expression, and may be also responsible for key phenotypic features of maternal uniparental disomy 16. Moreover, in one family, WES revealed a de novo missense variant in ESRP1, potentially implicating FGF signaling in the etiology of ACDMPV.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahmad SM, Bhattacharyya P, Jeffries N, Gisselbrecht SS, Michelson AM. Two Forkhead transcription factors regulate cardiac progenitor specification by controlling the expression of receptors of the fibroblast growth factor and Wnt signaling pathways. Development 2015; 143:306-17. [PMID: 26657774 PMCID: PMC4725337 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis involves the coordinated regulation of multiple biological processes by a finite set of transcription factors (TFs). Here, we show that the Forkhead TFs Checkpoint suppressor homologue (CHES-1-like) and Jumeau (Jumu), which govern cardiac progenitor cell divisions by regulating Polo kinase activity, play an additional, mutually redundant role in specifying the cardiac mesoderm (CM) as eliminating the functions of both Forkhead genes in the same Drosophila embryo results in defective hearts with missing hemisegments. This process is mediated by the Forkhead TFs regulating the fibroblast growth factor receptor Heartless (Htl) and the Wnt receptor Frizzled (Fz): CHES-1-like and jumu exhibit synergistic genetic interactions with htl and fz in CM specification, thereby implying that they function through the same genetic pathways, and transcriptionally activate the expression of both receptor-encoding genes. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of either htl or fz in the mesoderm partially rescues the defective CM specification phenotype in embryos lacking both Forkhead genes. Together, these data emphasize the functional redundancy that leads to robustness in the cardiac progenitor specification process, and illustrate the pleiotropic functions of Forkhead TFs in different aspects of cardiogenesis. Summary: Checkpoint suppressor homologue and Jumeau, which are known to govern cardiac progenitor cell divisions, play additional, mutually redundant roles in specifying cardiac mesoderm in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaad M Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA Laboratory of Developmental Systems Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pritha Bhattacharyya
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neal Jeffries
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen S Gisselbrecht
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan M Michelson
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Razak A, Kumar Mohanty P, Karthik Nagesh N. Alveolar capillary dysplasia as a cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:984-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Zhu H. Forkhead box transcription factors in embryonic heart development and congenital heart disease. Life Sci 2015; 144:194-201. [PMID: 26656470 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic heart development is a very complicated process regulated precisely by a network composed of many genes and signaling pathways in time and space. Forkhead box (Fox, FOX) proteins are a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of an evolutionary conserved "forkhead"or "winged-helix" DNA-binding domain and able to organize temporal and spatial gene expression during development. They are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism and DNA damage response. An abundance of studies in model organisms and systems has established that Foxa2, Foxc1/c2, Foxh1 and Foxm1, Foxos and Foxps are important components of the signaling pathways that instruct cardiogenesis and embryonic heart development, playing paramount roles in heart development. The previous studies also have demonstrated that mutations in some of the forkhead box genes and the aberrant expression of forkhead box gene are heavily implicated in the congenital heart disease (CHD) of humans. This review primarily focuses on the current understanding of heart development regulated by forkhead box transcription factors and molecular genetic mechanisms by which forkhead box factors modulate heart development during embryogenesis and organogenesis. This review also summarizes human CHD related mutations in forkhead box genes as well as the abnormal expression of forkhead box gene, and discusses additional possible regulatory mechanisms of the forkhead box genes during embryonic heart development that warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, 1 Denggao Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dharmadhikari AV, Szafranski P, Kalinichenko VV, Stankiewicz P. Genomic and Epigenetic Complexity of the FOXF1 Locus in 16q24.1: Implications for Development and Disease. Curr Genomics 2015; 16:107-16. [PMID: 26085809 PMCID: PMC4467301 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150122223252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The FOXF1 (Forkhead box F1) gene, located on chromosome 16q24.1 encodes a member of the FOX family of transcription factors characterized by a distinct forkhead DNA binding domain. FOXF1 plays an important role in epithelium-mesenchyme signaling, as a downstream target of Sonic hedgehog pathway. Heterozygous point mutations and genomic deletions involving FOXF1 have been reported in newborns with a lethal lung developmental disorder, Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACDMPV). In addition, genomic deletions upstream to FOXF1 identified in ACDMPV patients have revealed that FOXF1 expression is tightly regulated by distal tissue-specific enhancers. Interestingly, FOXF1 has been found to be incompletely paternally imprinted in human lungs; characterized genomic deletions arose de novo exclusively on maternal chromosome 16, with most of them being Alu-Alu mediated. Regulation of FOXF1 expression likely utilizes a combination of chromosomal looping, differential methylation of an upstream CpG island overlapping GLI transcription factor binding sites, and the function of lung-specific long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). FOXF1 knock-out mouse models demonstrated its critical role in mesoderm differentiation and in the development of pulmonary vasculature. Additionally, epigenetic inactivation of FOXF1 has been reported in breast and colorectal cancers, whereas overexpression of FOXF1 has been associated with a number of other human cancers, e.g. medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Constitutional duplications of FOXF1 have recently been reported in congenital intestinal malformations. Thus, understanding the genomic and epigenetic complexity at the FOXF1 locus will improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ACDMPV and other human disorders associated with FOXF1 alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Dharmadhikari
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; ; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Divisions of Pulmonary Biology and Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pawel Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; ; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Savey B, Jeanne-Pasquier C, Dupont-Chauvet P, Maragnes P, Bellot A, Guillois B. Dysplasie alvéolo-capillaire avec mésalignement des veines pulmonaires : une cause de cyanose néonatale réfractaire létale. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Geddes GC, Dimmock DP, Hehir DA, Helbling DC, Kirkpatrick E, Loomba R, Southern J, Waknitz M, Scharer G, Konduri GG. A novel FOXF1 mutation associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia and coexisting colobomas and hemihyperplasia. J Perinatol 2015; 35:155-7. [PMID: 25627281 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare and lethal cause of hypoxic respiratory failure in the neonate. Here we describe a term neonate with ACD that was found with a previously unreported p.Arg86Pro mutation in the FOXF1 (Forkhead Box-F1) gene and coexisting congenital anomalies, including colobomas of the iris and hemihyperplasia. This unique clinical presentation may indicate a novel, yet unconfirmed disease association for mutations in the FOXF1 gene. Rapid mutation analysis in FOXF1 may provide noninvasive early confirmation of ACD in neonates with respiratory failure and can aid in clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Geddes
- 1] Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA [2] Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D P Dimmock
- 1] Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA [2] Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D A Hehir
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D C Helbling
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - R Loomba
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Southern
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Waknitz
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - G Scharer
- 1] Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA [2] Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - G G Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kucharczyk M, Kochański A, Jezela-Stanek A, Kugaudo M, Sielska-Rotblum D, Gutkowska A, Krajewska-Walasek M. The first case of a patient with de novo partial distal 16q tetrasomy and a data's review. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2541-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kucharczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics; The Children's Memorial Health Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Department of Medical Genetics; The Children's Memorial Health Institute; Warsaw Poland
- Neuromuscular Unit; Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Monika Kugaudo
- Department of Medical Genetics; The Children's Memorial Health Institute; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Anna Gutkowska
- Department of Medical Genetics; The Children's Memorial Health Institute; Warsaw Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Herriges MJ, Swarr DT, Morley MP, Rathi KS, Peng T, Stewart KM, Morrisey EE. Long noncoding RNAs are spatially correlated with transcription factors and regulate lung development. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1363-79. [PMID: 24939938 PMCID: PMC4066405 DOI: 10.1101/gad.238782.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play important roles in regulating gene transcription, yet few have known biological functions. Using a conservative pipeline, Herriges et al. identify lncRNAs with key functions during mammalian development. Loss-of-function analyses show that two lncRNAs play distinct roles in endoderm development by controlling the expression of critical transcription factors and pathways, including retinoic acid signaling. The data demonstrate that lncRNAs regulate multiple aspects of gene transcription during foregut and lung endoderm development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play important roles in regulating gene transcription, but few have well-defined expression patterns or known biological functions during mammalian development. Using a conservative pipeline to identify lncRNAs that have important biological functions, we identified 363 lncRNAs in the lung and foregut endoderm. Importantly, we show that these lncRNAs are spatially correlated with transcription factors across the genome. In-depth expression analyses of lncRNAs with genomic loci adjacent to the critical transcription factors Nkx2.1, Gata6, Foxa2 (forkhead box a2), and Foxf1 mimic the expression patterns of their protein-coding neighbor. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrates that two lncRNAs, LL18/NANCI (Nkx2.1-associated noncoding intergenic RNA) and LL34, play distinct roles in endoderm development by controlling expression of critical developmental transcription factors and pathways, including retinoic acid signaling. In particular, we show that LL18/NANCI acts upstream of Nkx2.1 and downstream from Wnt signaling to regulate lung endoderm gene expression. These studies reveal that lncRNAs play an important role in foregut and lung endoderm development by regulating multiple aspects of gene transcription, often through regulation of transcription factor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Herriges
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daniel T Swarr
- Division of Neonatology, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bellamkonda-Athmaram V, Sulman CG, Basel DG, Southern J, Konduri GG, Basir MA. Alveolar capillary dysplasia with multiple congenital anomalies and bronchoscopic airway abnormalities. J Perinatol 2014; 34:326-8. [PMID: 24675018 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2013.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia is a rare and fatal disease of newborn infants. Here we describe a patient with alveolar capillary dysplasia, multiple congenital anomalies, a novel genetic mutation and previously undocumented airway findings on bronchoscopy. Knowledge of these associations may help diagnose this rare disorder in neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - C G Sulman
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - D G Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - J Southern
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - G G Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - M A Basir
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu GQ, Zhou QC, Zhang M, Pu DR, Ouyang Z. TACRD and VACTERL associations in a fetus: case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:2081-5. [PMID: 24113157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tracheal agenesis is a rare and potentially lethal congenital anomaly. The incidence is less than 1/50,000, with a male:female ratio of 2:1. We report the case of a male fetus with complete agenesis of the trachea and a tracheoesophageal fistula arising from the esophagus that connected through the carina, as well as several abnormalities (congenital cardiac abnormalities, duodenal atresia, vertebral defects, anal atresia, renal defects, limb defects, and diaphragmatic hernia). To our knowledge, few cases of infants with VACTERL or TACRD association have been reported to date. Here, we report a new case of a fetus that showed the full range of VACTERL and TACRD associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan-qiong Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
VACTERL association with hydrocephalus in a fetus conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 52:575-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
34
|
Kurland G, Deterding RR, Hagood JS, Young LR, Brody AS, Castile RG, Dell S, Fan LL, Hamvas A, Hilman BC, Langston C, Nogee LM, Redding GJ. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: classification, evaluation, and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:376-94. [PMID: 23905526 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201305-0923st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition and understanding of the entities that cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) in infants. These entities are distinct from those that cause ILD in older children and adults. METHODS A multidisciplinary panel was convened to develop evidence-based guidelines on the classification, diagnosis, and management of ILD in children, focusing on neonates and infants under 2 years of age. Recommendations were formulated using a systematic approach. Outcomes considered important included the accuracy of the diagnostic evaluation, complications of delayed or incorrect diagnosis, psychosocial complications affecting the patient's or family's quality of life, and death. RESULTS No controlled clinical trials were identified. Therefore, observational evidence and clinical experience informed judgments. These guidelines: (1) describe the clinical characteristics of neonates and infants (<2 yr of age) with diffuse lung disease (DLD); (2) list the common causes of DLD that should be eliminated during the evaluation of neonates and infants with DLD; (3) recommend methods for further clinical investigation of the remaining infants, who are regarded as having "childhood ILD syndrome"; (4) describe a new pathologic classification scheme of DLD in infants; (5) outline supportive and continuing care; and (6) suggest areas for future research. CONCLUSIONS After common causes of DLD are excluded, neonates and infants with childhood ILD syndrome should be evaluated by a knowledgeable subspecialist. The evaluation may include echocardiography, controlled ventilation high-resolution computed tomography, infant pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, genetic testing, and/or lung biopsy. Preventive care, family education, and support are essential.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to report two new patients with the diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia and congenital heart disease, to describe the associated cardiac defects seen in these cases and in the literature, and to consider recent genetic advances concerning the FOX transcription factor gene cluster in chromosome 16q24.1q24.2. METHODS We retrospectively analysed the records of all patients with congenital heart disease and alveolar capillary dysplasia seen in the Pediatric Cardiology Department between 2005 and 2010. We reviewed all literature published in the English language relating to cases of alveolar capillary dysplasia and congenital heart disease. RESULTS Two infants with alveolar capillary dysplasia and cardiac malformation were identified: one had an atrioventricular septal defect and a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(1;16)(q32;q24), the second infant had a ventricular septal defect. Analysis of 31 cases of the literature including these new cases showed a predominant association of alveolar capillary dysplasia with obstructive left heart disease (35%), as well as an atrioventricular septal defect (29%). FOX gene cluster defects were identified in eight of these patients. DISCUSSION Genetic background of alveolar capillary dysplasia is discussed in the light of the balanced reciprocal translocation t(1;16)(q32;q24) identified in the first child of this report. Alveolar capillary dysplasia should be suspected in neonates with congenital heart disease and unexpectedly elevated pulmonary vascular resistances, especially in cases of obstructive left heart disease or atrioventricular septal defect. Detecting FOX gene cluster defects should be considered in infants with alveolar capillary dysplasia with or without congenital heart disease.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sen P, Yang Y, Navarro C, Silva I, Szafranski P, Kolodziejska KE, Dharmadhikari AV, Mostafa H, Kozakewich H, Kearney D, Cahill JB, Whitt M, Bilic M, Margraf L, Charles A, Goldblatt J, Gibson K, Lantz PE, Garvin AJ, Petty J, Kiblawi Z, Zuppan C, McConkie-Rosell A, McDonald MT, Peterson-Carmichael SL, Gaede JT, Shivanna B, Schady D, Friedlich PS, Hays SR, Palafoll IV, Siebers-Renelt U, Bohring A, Finn LS, Siebert JR, Galambos C, Nguyen L, Riley M, Chassaing N, Vigouroux A, Rocha G, Fernandes S, Brumbaugh J, Roberts K, Ho-Ming L, Lo IFM, Lam S, Gerychova R, Jezova M, Valaskova I, Fellmann F, Afshar K, Giannoni E, Muhlethaler V, Liang J, Beckmann JS, Lioy J, Deshmukh H, Srinivasan L, Swarr DT, Sloman M, Shaw-Smith C, van Loon RL, Hagman C, Sznajer Y, Barrea C, Galant C, Detaille T, Wambach JA, Cole FS, Hamvas A, Prince LS, Diderich KEM, Brooks AS, Verdijk RM, Ravindranathan H, Sugo E, Mowat D, Baker ML, Langston C, Welty S, Stankiewicz P. Novel FOXF1 mutations in sporadic and familial cases of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misaligned pulmonary veins imply a role for its DNA binding domain. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:801-11. [PMID: 23505205 PMCID: PMC3663886 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare and lethal developmental disorder of the lung defined by a constellation of characteristic histopathological features. Nonpulmonary anomalies involving organs of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and genitourinary systems have been identified in approximately 80% of patients with ACD/MPV. We have collected DNA and pathological samples from more than 90 infants with ACD/MPV and their family members. Since the publication of our initial report of four point mutations and 10 deletions, we have identified an additional 38 novel nonsynonymous mutations of FOXF1 (nine nonsense, seven frameshift, one inframe deletion, 20 missense, and one no stop). This report represents an up to date list of all known FOXF1 mutations to the best of our knowledge. Majority of the cases are sporadic. We report four familial cases of which three show maternal inheritance, consistent with paternal imprinting of the gene. Twenty five mutations (60%) are located within the putative DNA-binding domain, indicating its plausible role in FOXF1 function. Five mutations map to the second exon. We identified two additional genic and eight genomic deletions upstream to FOXF1. These results corroborate and extend our previous observations and further establish involvement of FOXF1 in ACD/MPV and lung organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rasouly HM, Lu W. Lower urinary tract development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:307-42. [PMID: 23408557 PMCID: PMC3627353 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (CALUT) are a family of birth defects of the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra. CALUT includes ureteral anomaliesc such as congenital abnormalities of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) and ureterovesical junction (UVJ), and birth defects of the bladder and the urethra such as bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC), prune belly syndrome (PBS), and posterior urethral valves (PUVs). CALUT is one of the most common birth defects and is often associated with antenatal hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract infections (UTI), chronic kidney disease, and renal failure in children. Here, we discuss the current genetic and molecular knowledge about lower urinary tract development and genetic basis of CALUT in both human and mouse models. We provide an overview of the developmental processes leading to the formation of the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra, and different genes and signaling pathways controlling these developmental processes. Human genetic disorders that affect the ureter, the bladder and the urethra and associated gene mutations are also presented. As we are entering the postgenomic era of personalized medicine, information in this article may provide useful interpretation for the genetic and genomic test results collected from patients with lower urinary tract birth defects. With evidence-based interpretations, clinicians may provide more effective personalized therapies to patients and genetic counseling for their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Milo Rasouly
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Castilla-Fernandez Y, Copons-Fernández C, Jordan-Lucas R, Linde-Sillo Á, Valenzuela-Palafoll I, Ferreres Piñas JC, Moreno-Galdó A, Castillo-Salinas F. Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary [corrected] veins: concordance between pathological and molecular diagnosis. J Perinatol 2013; 33:401-3. [PMID: 23624968 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2012.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a newborn with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV), a rare condition of unknown etiology presenting in the neonatal period with significant persistent pulmonary hypertension. The diagnosis was made by lung biopsy and confirmed at autopsy. Specific genetic analysis demonstrated defects in the FOXF1 gene. The diagnosis of ACD/MPV requires a high level of suspicion and is made by lung biopsy or necropsy examination by a pediatric pathologist with experience in this condition. The availability of genetic testing has led to increasing diagnosis of patients with this lethal disorder and can influence their management, specifically by indicating the need for lung biopsy in a critically ill newborn.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tiozzo C, Carraro G, Al Alam D, Baptista S, Danopoulos S, Li A, Lavarreda-Pearce M, Li C, De Langhe S, Chan B, Borok Z, Bellusci S, Minoo P. Mesodermal Pten inactivation leads to alveolar capillary dysplasia- like phenotype. J Clin Invest 2013; 122:3862-72. [PMID: 23023706 DOI: 10.1172/jci61334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a congenital, lethal disorder of the pulmonary vasculature. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (Pten) encodes a lipid phosphatase controlling key cellular functions, including stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation; however, the role of PTEN in mesodermal lung cell lineage formation remains unexamined. To determine the role of mesodermal PTEN in the ontogeny of various mesenchymal cell lineages during lung development, we specifically deleted Pten in early embryonic lung mesenchyme in mice. Pups lacking Pten died at birth, with evidence of failure in blood oxygenation. Analysis at the cellular level showed defects in angioblast differentiation to endothelial cells and an accompanying accumulation of the angioblast cell population that was associated with disorganized capillary beds. We also found decreased expression of Forkhead box protein F1 (Foxf1), a gene associated with the ACD human phenotype. Analysis of human samples for ACD revealed a significant decrease in PTEN and increased activated protein kinase B (AKT). These studies demonstrate that mesodermal PTEN has a key role in controlling the amplification of angioblasts as well as their differentiation into endothelial cells, thereby directing the establishment of a functional gas exchange interface. Additionally, these mice could serve as a murine model of ACD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tiozzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Consenso sobre la clasificación de la enfermedad vascular pulmonar hipertensiva en niños: Reporte del task force pediátrico del Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute (PVRI) Panamá 2011. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(12)70157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
41
|
Sen P, Gerychova R, Janku P, Jezova M, Valaskova I, Navarro C, Silva I, Langston C, Welty S, Belmont J, Stankiewicz P. A familial case of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins supports paternal imprinting of FOXF1 in human. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:474-7. [PMID: 22990143 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare developmental lung disorder that is uniformly lethal. Affected infants die within the first few weeks of their life despite aggressive treatment, although a few cases of late manifestation and longer survival have been reported. We have shown previously that mutations and deletions in FOXF1 are a cause of this disorder. Although most of the cases of ACD/MPV are sporadic, there have been infrequent reports of familial cases. We present a family with five out of six children affected with ACD/MPV. DNA analysis identified a missense mutation (c.416G>T; p.Arg139Leu) in the FOXF1 gene that segregated in the three affected siblings tested. The same variant is also present as a de novo mutation in the mother and arose on her paternally derived chromosome 16. The two tested affected siblings share the same chromosome 16 haplotype inherited from their maternal grandfather. Their single healthy sibling has a different chromosome 16 haplotype inherited from the maternal grandmother. The results are consistent with paternal imprinting of FOXF1 in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen CP, Shih JC, Huang MC, Liu YP, Su JW, Chern SR, Wang W. Prenatal ultrasound demonstration of scoliosis, absence of one rib, a radial club hand, congenital heart defects and absent stomach in a fetus with VACTERL association. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 51:139-42. [PMID: 22482989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
43
|
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout life. Mutations in numerous transcription factors have been identified in patients and families with some of the most common forms of cardiac malformations and arrhythmias. This review discusses transcription factor pathways known to be important for normal heart development and how abnormalities in these pathways have been linked to morphological and functional forms of congenital heart defects. A comprehensive, current list of known transcription factor mutations associated with congenital heart disease is provided, but the review focuses primarily on three key transcription factors, Nkx2-5, GATA4, and Tbx5, and their known biochemical and genetic partners. By understanding the interaction partners, transcriptional targets, and upstream activators of these core cardiac transcription factors, additional information about normal heart formation and further insight into genes and pathways affected in congenital heart disease should result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McCulley
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Respiratory disorders that present in the newborn period may result from structural, functional, or acquired mechanisms that limit gas exchange between the airspace and vascular bed. Exciting new imaging, gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, and molecular and cell-based techniques are enhancing our understanding of mechanisms of disease; highlighting the complexity of interactions between genes, development, and environment in the manifestation of health and disease; and becoming part of the clinical armamentarium for the care of patients. Some of these technologies and their clinical potential are briefly reviewed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hamvas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
16q24.1 microdeletion in a premature newborn: usefulness of array-based comparative genomic hybridization in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011; 12:e427-32. [PMID: 21572369 PMCID: PMC3655521 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0b013e3182192c96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Report of a 16q24.1 deletion in a premature newborn, demonstrating the usefulness of array-based comparative genomic hybridization in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and multiple congenital malformations. DESIGN Descriptive case report. SETTING Genetic department and neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care children's hospital. INTERVENTIONS None. PATIENT We report the case of a preterm male infant, born at 26 wks of gestation. A cardiac malformation and bilateral hydronephrosis were diagnosed at 19 wks of gestation. Karyotype analysis was normal, and a 22q11.2 microdeletion was excluded by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. A cesarean section was performed due to fetal distress. The patient developed persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to mechanical ventilation and nitric oxide treatment and expired at 16 hrs of life. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS An autopsy revealed partial atrioventricular canal malformation and showed bilateral dilation of the renal pelvocaliceal system with bilateral ureteral stenosis and annular pancreas. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis (Agilent oligoNT 44K, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) showed an interstitial microdeletion encompassing the forkhead box gene cluster in 16q24.1. Review of the pulmonary microscopic examination showed the characteristic features of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Some features were less prominent due to the gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Our review of the literature shows that alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins is rare but probably underreported. Prematurity is not a usual presentation, and histologic features are difficult to interpret. In our case, array-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 16q24.1 deletion, leading to the final diagnosis of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. It emphasizes the usefulness of array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis as a diagnostic tool with implications for both prognosis and management decisions in newborns with refractory persistent pulmonary hypertension and multiple congenital malformations.
Collapse
|
46
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011; 23:576-8. [PMID: 21900783 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32834b7e9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Cerro MJD, Abman S, Diaz G, Freudenthal AH, Freudenthal F, Harikrishnan S, Haworth SG, Ivy D, Lopes AA, Raj JU, Sandoval J, Stenmark K, Adatia I. A consensus approach to the classification of pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease: Report from the PVRI Pediatric Taskforce, Panama 2011. Pulm Circ 2011; 1:286-298. [PMID: 21874158 PMCID: PMC3161725 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.83456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current classifications of pulmonary hypertension have contributed a great deal to our understanding of pulmonary vascular disease, facilitated drug trials, and improved our understanding of congenital heart disease in adult survivors. However, these classifications are not applicable readily to pediatric disease. The classification system that we propose is based firmly in clinical practice. The specific aims of this new system are to improve diagnostic strategies, to promote appropriate clinical investigation, to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis, physiology and epidemiology, and to guide the development of human disease models in laboratory and animal studies. It should be also an educational resource. We emphasize the concepts of perinatal maladaptation, maldevelopment and pulmonary hypoplasia as causative factors in pediatric pulmonary hypertension. We highlight the importance of genetic, chromosomal and multiple congenital malformation syndromes in the presentation of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. We divide pediatric pulmonary hypertensive vascular disease into 10 broad categories.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare, fatal developmental lung disorder of neonates and infants. This review aims to address recent findings in the etiology and genetics of ACD/MPV and to raise awareness of this poorly known disease, which may also present as milder, unclassified forms. Successively discussed are what is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnostic indicators and approaches, genetic testing, treatment, and cases of delayed onset. The review concludes with suggestions for future directions to answer the many unknowns about this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi B Bishop
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agochukwu NB, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Keaton AA, Warren-Mora N, Raam MS, Kamat A, Chandrasekharappa SC, Solomon BD. Analysis of FOXF1 and the FOX gene cluster in patients with VACTERL association. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:323-8. [PMID: 21315191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
VACTERL association, a relatively common condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 20,000 -35,000 births, is a non-random association of birth defects that includes vertebral defects (V), anal atresia (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheo-esophageal fistula (TE), renal anomalies (R) and limb malformations (L). Although the etiology is unknown in the majority of patients, there is evidence that it is causally heterogeneous. Several studies have shown evidence for inheritance in VACTERL, implying a role for genetic loci. Recently, patients with component features of VACTERL and a lethal developmental pulmonary disorder, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV), were found to harbor deletions or mutations affecting FOXF1 and the FOX gene cluster on chromosome 16q24. We investigated this gene through direct sequencing and high-density SNP microarray in 12 patients with VACTERL association but without ACD/MPV. Our mutational analysis of FOXF1 showed normal sequences and no genomic imbalances affecting the FOX gene cluster on chromosome 16q24 in the studied patients. Possible explanations for these results include the etiologic and clinical heterogeneity of VACTERL association, the possibility that mutations affecting this gene may occur only in more severely affected individuals, and insufficient study sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nneamaka B Agochukwu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1B207, 35 Convent Drive MSC 3717, Bethesda, MD 20892-3717, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nishida N, Mimori K, Yokobori T, Sudo T, Tanaka F, Shibata K, Ishii H, Doki Y, Mori M. FOXC2 is a novel prognostic factor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 18:535-42. [PMID: 20803080 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXC2 has been implicated in cancer progression through its induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We analyzed the clinical significance of FOXC2 in esophageal cancer cases, in which early distant metastasis or invasion to nearby organs is an obstacle to treatment. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate FOXC2 mRNA expression in 70 esophageal cancer cases to determine the clinicopathologic significance of FOXC2 expression. Furthermore, we examined associations between FOXC2 expression and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9). We also performed in vitro invasion and migration assays for FOXC2-suppressed esophageal cancer cells. RESULTS In clinicopathologic analysis, the high-FOXC2 expression group showed a higher incidence of advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and lymphatic invasion than the low-FOXC2 expression group (P < 0.05). In particular, tumor stage exhibited the most remarkable difference (P < 0.0001). Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 was far higher in the high-FOXC2 expression group. Furthermore, the high-FOXC2 expression group had a significantly poorer prognosis than did the low expression group (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis indicated that high FOXC2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Suppression of FOXC2 expression altered the invasive and the migratory ability of esophageal cancer cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that FOXC2 could be an important prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer patients. FOXC2 is directly involved in cancer progression and is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancer cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|