1
|
Miceli M, Failla P, Saccuzzo L, Galesi O, Amata S, Romano C, Bonaglia MC, Fichera M. Trait - driven analysis of the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome suggests a complex pattern of interactions between candidate genes. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:491-505. [PMID: 36807877 PMCID: PMC10027778 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome share a complex phenotype including neurodevelopmental delay, brain malformations, microcephaly, and autistic behavior. The analysis of the shortest region of overlap (SRO) between deletions in ~ 40 patients has led to the identification of two critical regions and four strongly candidate genes (BCL11A, REL, USP34 and XPO1). However, the delineation of their role in the occurrence of specific traits is hampered by their incomplete penetrance. OBJECTIVE To better delineate the role of hemizygosity of specific regions in selected traits by leveraging information both from penetrant and non - penetrant deletions. METHODS Deletions in patients that do not present a specific trait cannot contribute to delineate the SROs. We recently developed a probabilistic model that, by considering also the non - penetrant deletions, allows a more reliable assignment of peculiar traits to specific genomic segments. We apply this method adding two new patients to the published cases. RESULTS Our results delineate an intricate pattern of genotype - phenotype correlation where BCL11A emerges as the main gene for autistic behavior while USP34 and/or XPO1 haploinsufficiency are mainly associated with microcephaly, hearing loss and IUGR. BCL11A, USP34 and XPO1 genes are broadly related with brain malformations albeit with distinct patterns of brain damage. CONCLUSIONS The observed penetrance of deletions encompassing different SROs and that predicted when considering each single SRO as acting independently, may reflect a more complex model than the additive one. Our approach may improve the genotype/phenotype correlation and may help to identify specific pathogenic mechanisms in contiguous gene syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Miceli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Saccuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Corrado Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bruce L, Peter B. Three children with different de novo BCL11A variants and diverse developmental phenotypes, but shared global motor discoordination and apraxic speech: Evidence for a functional gene network influencing the developing cerebellum and motor and auditory cortices. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3401-3415. [PMID: 35856171 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BCL11A is implicated in BCL11A-Related Intellectual Development Disorder (BCL11A-IDD). Previously reported cases had various types of BCL11A variants (copy-number variations [CNVs], singlenucleotide variants [SNVs]). Phenotypes included global, cognitive, and motor delays, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), craniofacial dysmorphology, and speech and language delays described generally, with only two reports specifying childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Here, we present three additional children with CAS and de novo BCL11A variants, a p.Ala182Thr nonconservative missense and a p.GLu611.Ter nonsense variant, both in exon 4, and a 106 kb deletion harboring exons 1 and 2. All three children have fine and gross motor discoordination, feeding difficulties, and visual motor disorders. Intellectual and learning disabilities and disordered language skills were seen only in the child with the missense variant and the child with the deletion. These findings align with, and expand, previous findings in that BCL11A variants have significant and highly penetrant apraxic effects across motor systems, consistent with cerebellar involvement. The deletion of exons 1 and 2 is the smallest BCL11A CNV with the full phenotypic expression reported to date. The present results support previous findings in that BCL11A-IDD can result from BCL11A variants regardless of type (deletion, SNVs). A gene expression study shows that BCL11 is expressed highly in the early developing cerebellum and primary motor and auditory cortices. Significant co-expression rates in these regions with genes previously implicated in disorders of spoken language and in ASD support the phenotypic overlaps in children with BCL11A-IDD, CAS, and ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Bruce
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Beate Peter
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee J, Lee S, Ryu YJ, Lee D, Kim S, Seo JY, Oh E, Paek SH, Kim SU, Ha CM, Choi SY, Kim KT. Vaccinia-related kinase 2 plays a critical role in microglia-mediated synapse elimination during neurodevelopment. Glia 2019; 67:1667-1679. [PMID: 31050055 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During postnatal neurodevelopment, excessive synapses must be eliminated by microglia to complete the establishment of neural circuits in the brain. The lack of synaptic regulation by microglia has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability. Here we suggest that vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2), which is expressed in microglia, may stimulate synaptic elimination by microglia. In VRK2-deficient mice (VRK2KO ), reduced numbers of presynaptic puncta within microglia were observed. Moreover, the numbers of presynaptic puncta and synapses were abnormally increased in VRK2KO mice by the second postnatal week. These differences did not persist into adulthood. Even though an increase in the number of synapses was normalized, adult VRK2KO mice showed behavioral defects in social behaviors, contextual fear memory, and spatial memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ryu
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Oh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chang-Man Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schilbach-Rott syndrome associated with 9q22.32q22.33 duplication, involving the PTCH1 gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1260-1266. [PMID: 30936464 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Schilbach-Rott syndrome (SRS, OMIM%164220) is a disorder of unknown aetiology that is characterised by hypotelorism, epichantal folds, cleft palate, dysmorphic face, hypospadia in males and mild mental retardation in some patients. To date, 5 families and 17 patients have exhibited this phenotype, and recurrence in two of these families suggests an autosomal dominant inheritance. SRS overlaps with a mild form of holoprosencephaly (HPE), but array-CGH analysis and sequencing of some HPE-related genes (SEPT9, SHH and TWIST) did not reveal any variants in at least one family. Herein, we investigated by array-CGH analysis a 11-year-old female patient and her father, both exhibiting the typical SRS phenotype, disclosing in the daughter-father couple the same microduplication of chromosome 9q22.32q22.33 [arr[hg19]9q22.32(98,049,611_98,049,636)x3,9q22.33 (99,301,483_99,301,508)x3], involving eight genes, including PTCH1. The duplication segregated with the disease, since it was not found in the healthy paternal grandparents of the proband. The gain-of-function variants of the PTCH1 gene are responsible for a mild form of HPE. This is the first genetic variant found in SRS. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that SRS belongs to the HPE clinical spectrum and suggests to perform array-CGH in patients with SRS phenotype and, if negative, to consider a potential benefit from sequencing of HPE-related genes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chromosome 2p15-p16.1 microduplication in a boy with congenital anomalies: Is it a distinctive syndrome? Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:47-54. [PMID: 29864511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
7
|
Chen CP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Lai ST, Chuang TY, Chen WL, Yang CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of a 3.2-Mb 2p16.1-p15 duplication associated with familial intellectual disability. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:578-582. [PMID: 30122582 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis of a 2p16.1-p15 duplication associated with familial intellectual disability, and we discuss the genotype-phenotype correlation. CASE REPORT A 22-year-old, primigravid woman underwent amniocentesis at 22 weeks of gestation because of a family history of intellectual disability. The woman and her two sisters had intellectual disability but no behavioral disorders. The intellectual disability was noted in at least one paternal aunt and six paternal cousins of the woman. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the karyotype of 46,XX in the fetus and the two women. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis on the DNAs extracted from cultured amniocytes and the bloods of the woman and the her sister revealed a 3.244-Mb duplication of 2p16.1-p15 or arr 2p16.1p15 (58,288,588-61,532,538) × 3.0 [GRCh37 (hg19)] encompassing eight Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) genes of VRK2, FANCL, BCL11A, PAPOLG, REL, PUS10, PEX13 and USP34 in the fetus and the two women. Prenatal ultrasound findings were unremarkable. The woman elected to continue the pregnancy. A 3244-g female baby was delivered at term with neither craniofacial dysmorphism nor structural abnormalities. CONCLUSION aCGH is useful in prenatal diagnosis of inherited subtle chromosome imbalance in pregnancy with familial intellectual disability. Chromosome 2p16.1-p15 duplication can be associated with intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lovrecic L, Gnan C, Baldan F, Franzoni A, Bertok S, Damante G, Isidor B, Peterlin B. Microduplication in the 2p16.1p15 chromosomal region linked to developmental delay and intellectual disability. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29951117 PMCID: PMC6011332 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several patients with the 2p16.1p15 microdeletion syndrome have been reported. However, microduplication in the 2p16.1p15 chromosomal region has only been reported in one case, and milder clinical features were present compared to those attributed to 2p16.1p15 microdeletion syndrome. Some additional cases were deposited in DECIPHER database. Case presentation In this report we describe four further cases of 2p16.1p15 microduplication in four unrelated probands. They presented with mild gross motor delay, delayed speech and language development, and mild dysmorphic features. In addition, two probands have macrocephaly and one a congenital heart anomaly. Newly described cases share several phenotype characteristics with those detailed in one previously reported microduplication case. Conclusion The common features among patients are developmental delay, speech delay, mild to moderate intellectual disability and unspecific dysmorphic features. Two patients have bilateral clinodactyly of the 5th finger and two have bilateral 2nd-3rd toes syndactyly. Interestingly, as opposed to the deletion phenotype with some cases of microcephaly, 2 patients are reported with macrocephaly. The reported cases suggest that microduplication in 2p16.1p15 chromosomal region might be causally linked to developmental delay, speech delay, and mild intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lovrecic
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chiara Gnan
- 2Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche dell'Università Sapienza di Roma, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Franzoni
- 2Istituto di Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Bertok
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Bertrand Isidor
- 6Service de génétique médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Borut Peterlin
- 1Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chromosomal contacts connect loci associated with autism, BMI and head circumference phenotypes. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:836-849. [PMID: 27240531 PMCID: PMC5508252 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genomic imbalance disorders. Phenotyping of 137 unrelated deletion and reciprocal duplication carriers of the distal 16p11.2 220 kb BP2-BP3 interval showed that these rearrangements are associated with autism spectrum disorders and mirror phenotypes of obesity/underweight and macrocephaly/microcephaly. Such phenotypes were previously associated with rearrangements of the non-overlapping proximal 16p11.2 600 kb BP4-BP5 interval. These two CNV-prone regions at 16p11.2 are reciprocally engaged in complex chromatin looping, as successfully confirmed by 4C-seq, fluorescence in situ hybridization and Hi-C, as well as coordinated expression and regulation of encompassed genes. We observed that genes differentially expressed in 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 CNV carriers are concomitantly modified in their chromatin interactions, suggesting that disruption of chromatin interplays could participate in the observed phenotypes. We also identified cis- and trans-acting chromatin contacts to other genomic regions previously associated with analogous phenotypes. For example, we uncovered that individuals with reciprocal rearrangements of the trans-contacted 2p15 locus similarly display mirror phenotypes on head circumference and weight. Our results indicate that chromosomal contacts' maps could uncover functionally and clinically related genes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shimbo H, Yokoi T, Aida N, Mizuno S, Suzumura H, Nagai J, Ida K, Enomoto Y, Hatano C, Kurosawa K. Haploinsufficiency of BCL11A associated with cerebellar abnormalities in 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:429-437. [PMID: 28717667 PMCID: PMC5511803 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 2p15p16.1 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability (ID), neurodevelopmental delay, language delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, structural brain abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. More than 30 patients with 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature. METHODS Molecular analysis was performed using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Clinical characteristics and brain magnetic resonance imaging features of these patients were also reviewed. RESULTS We identified four patients with ID, neurodevelopmental delay, brain malformations, and dysmorphic features; two patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions (3.24 Mb, 5.04 Mb), one patient with 2p16.1 deletion (1.12 Mb), and one patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion (5.12 Mb). Three patients with 2p15p16.1 deletions or 2p16.1 deletions encompassing BCL11A,PAPOLG, and REL showed hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum. The patient with 2p14p16.1 deletion, which did not include three genes showed normal size and shape of the cerebellar hemispheres and pons. CONCLUSION The zinc finger transcription factor BCL11A associated with the BAF chromatin remodeling complex has been identified to be critical for neural development and BCL11A haploinsufficiency is closely related to cerebellar abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shimbo
- Clinical Research InstituteKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Yokoi
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Division of RadiologyKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of PediatricsAichi Human Service CenterCentral HospitalKasugaiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Suzumura
- Department of PediatricsDokkyo Medical University School of MedicineTochigiJapan
| | - Junichi Nagai
- Laboratory MedicineKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kazumi Ida
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research InstituteKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Chihiro Hatano
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Codipilly DC, Gavrilova RH, Tangalos EG. De novo 2p16.1 microdeletion with metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218016. [PMID: 28108439 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdeletions involving chromosome 2p15-16.1 are a rare genetic abnormality and have been reported in 18 separate patients, mainly children, since 2007. This microdeletion syndrome is characterised by a heterogeneous expression of intellectual impairment, dysmorphic facies, musculoskeletal abnormalities and potential neurodevelopmental anomalies. We report the first case of natural progression in an adult patient who died at a young age of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma. Important learning points include the variable phenotypic expression of this microdeletion syndrome and the fact that clinicians must be thorough in investigating objective discrepancies in patients who cannot endorse classical symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Chamil Codipilly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ralitza H Gavrilova
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Neurology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric G Tangalos
- Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genetic Candidate Variants in Two Multigenerational Families with Childhood Apraxia of Speech. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153864. [PMID: 27120335 PMCID: PMC4847873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and socially debilitating form of speech sound disorder with suspected genetic involvement, but the genetic etiology is not yet well understood. Very few known or putative causal genes have been identified to date, e.g., FOXP2 and BCL11A. Building a knowledge base of the genetic etiology of CAS will make it possible to identify infants at genetic risk and motivate the development of effective very early intervention programs. We investigated the genetic etiology of CAS in two large multigenerational families with familial CAS. Complementary genomic methods included Markov chain Monte Carlo linkage analysis, copy-number analysis, identity-by-descent sharing, and exome sequencing with variant filtering. No overlaps in regions with positive evidence of linkage between the two families were found. In one family, linkage analysis detected two chromosomal regions of interest, 5p15.1-p14.1, and 17p13.1-q11.1, inherited separately from the two founders. Single-point linkage analysis of selected variants identified CDH18 as a primary gene of interest and additionally, MYO10, NIPBL, GLP2R, NCOR1, FLCN, SMCR8, NEK8, and ANKRD12, possibly with additive effects. Linkage analysis in the second family detected five regions with LOD scores approaching the highest values possible in the family. A gene of interest was C4orf21 (ZGRF1) on 4q25-q28.2. Evidence for previously described causal copy-number variations and validated or suspected genes was not found. Results are consistent with a heterogeneous CAS etiology, as is expected in many neurogenic disorders. Future studies will investigate genome variants in these and other families with CAS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bagheri H, Badduke C, Qiao Y, Colnaghi R, Abramowicz I, Alcantara D, Dunham C, Wen J, Wildin RS, Nowaczyk MJ, Eichmeyer J, Lehman A, Maranda B, Martell S, Shan X, Lewis SM, O’Driscoll M, Gregory-Evans CY, Rajcan-Separovic E. Identifying candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome using clinical, genomic, and functional analysis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85461. [PMID: 27699255 PMCID: PMC5033885 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome has a core phenotype consisting of intellectual disability, microcephaly, hypotonia, delayed growth, common craniofacial features, and digital anomalies. So far, more than 20 cases of 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome have been reported in the literature; however, the size of the deletions and their breakpoints vary, making it difficult to identify the candidate genes. Recent reports pointed to 4 genes (XPO1, USP34, BCL11A, and REL) that were included, alone or in combination, in the smallest deletions causing the syndrome. Here, we describe 8 new patients with the 2p15p16.1 deletion and review all published cases to date. We demonstrate functional deficits for the above 4 candidate genes using patients' lymphoblast cell lines (LCLs) and knockdown of their orthologs in zebrafish. All genes were dosage sensitive on the basis of reduced protein expression in LCLs. In addition, deletion of XPO1, a nuclear exporter, cosegregated with nuclear accumulation of one of its cargo molecules (rpS5) in patients' LCLs. Other pathways associated with these genes (e.g., NF-κB and Wnt signaling as well as the DNA damage response) were not impaired in patients' LCLs. Knockdown of xpo1a, rel, bcl11aa, and bcl11ab resulted in abnormal zebrafish embryonic development including microcephaly, dysmorphic body, hindered growth, and small fins as well as structural brain abnormalities. Our multifaceted analysis strongly implicates XPO1, REL, and BCL11A as candidate genes for 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Bagheri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chansonette Badduke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ying Qiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Dunham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiadi Wen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Malgorzata J.M. Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno Maranda
- Medical Genetics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sally Martell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xianghong Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzanne M.E. Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Evica Rajcan-Separovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mimouni-Bloch A, Yeshaya J, Kahana S, Maya I, Basel-Vanagaite L. A de-novo interstitial microduplication involving 2p16.1-p15 and mirroring 2p16.1-p15 microdeletion syndrome: Clinical and molecular analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:711-5. [PMID: 26278498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microdeletions of various sizes in the 2p16.1-p15 chromosomal region have been grouped together under the 2p16.1-p15 microdeletion syndrome. Children with this syndrome generally share certain features including microcephaly, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, urogenital and skeletal abnormalities. We present a child with a de-novo interstitial 1665 kb duplication of 2p16.1-p15. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical features of this child are distinct from those of children with the 2p16.1-p15 microdeletion syndrome, specifically the head circumference which is within the normal range and mild intellectual disability with absence of autistic behaviors. Microduplications many times bear milder clinical phenotypes in comparison with corresponding microdeletion syndromes. Indeed, as compared to the microdeletion syndrome patients, the 2p16.1-p15 microduplication seems to have a milder cognitive effect and no effect on other body systems. Limited information available in genetic databases about cases with overlapping duplications indicates that they all have abnormal developmental phenotypes. CONCLUSION The involvement of genes in this location including BCL11A, USP34 and PEX13, affecting fundamental developmental processes both within and outside the nervous system may explain the clinical features of the individual described in this report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Mimouni-Bloch
- The Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital 278 Ahuza Street, Raanana, 43100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. 39040, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Josepha Yeshaya
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Campus and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Derech Ze'ev Jabotinsky 39, Petah Tikva, 4941492, Israel.
| | - Sarit Kahana
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Campus and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Derech Ze'ev Jabotinsky 39, Petah Tikva, 4941492, Israel.
| | - Idit Maya
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Campus and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Derech Ze'ev Jabotinsky 39, Petah Tikva, 4941492, Israel.
| | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. 39040, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel; Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Campus and Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Derech Ze'ev Jabotinsky 39, Petah Tikva, 4941492, Israel; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Derech Ze'ev Jabotinsky 39, Petah Tikva, 4941492, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T. Characteristics of 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome: Review and description of two additional patients. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2015; 55:125-32. [PMID: 25900130 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many new microdeletion syndromes have been characterized in the past decade, including 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. More than 10 patients with this syndrome have been described. Recently, we encountered two additional patients with 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. All patients showed variable degrees of intellectual disability, with the autistic features characteristic of this syndrome. Seven out of 16 patients (44%) showed structural abnormalities in the brain, which is also an important feature of this syndrome. The shortest region of microdeletion overlap among the patients includes two genes, USP34 and XPO1. Although these genes have some functional relevance to cancer, they have not been associated with neurological functions. Diagnosis of additional patients with 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome and identification of pathogenic mutations in this region will help identify the genes responsible for the neurological features of the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
2p15-p16.1 microdeletions encompassing and proximal to BCL11A are associated with elevated HbF in addition to neurologic impairment. Blood 2015; 126:89-93. [PMID: 26019277 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-638528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF) ameliorates the clinical severity of hemoglobinopathies such as β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia. Currently, the only curative approach for individuals under chronic transfusion/chelation support therapy is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, recent analyses of heritable variations in HbF levels have provided a new therapeutic target for HbF reactivation: the transcriptional repressor BCL11A. Erythroid-specific BCL11A abrogation is now actively being sought as a therapeutic avenue, but the specific impact of such disruption in humans remains to be determined. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms in BCL11A erythroid regulatory elements have been reported, coding mutations are scarcer. It is thus of great interest that patients have recently been described with microdeletions encompassing BCL11A. These patients display neurodevelopmental abnormalities, but whether they show increased HbF has not been reported. We have examined the hematological phenotype, HbF levels, and erythroid BCL11A expression in 3 such patients. Haploinsufficiency of BCL11A induces only partial developmental γ-globin silencing. Of greater interest is that a patient with a downstream deletion exhibits reduced BCL11A expression and increased HbF. Novel erythroid-specific regulatory elements in this region may be required for normal erythroid BCL11A expression, whereas loss of separate elements in the developing brain may explain the neurological phenotype.
Collapse
|
17
|
Balci TB, Sawyer SL, Davila J, Humphreys P, Dyment DA. Brain malformations in a patient with deletion 2p16.1: A refinement of the phenotype to BCL11A. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:351-4. [PMID: 25979662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions of 2p15-16.1 have been reported in 15 patients with a recognizable syndrome of dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and microcephaly. Facial features include telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, a broad nasal root, smooth and long philtrum and large ears. Brain malformations can be observed in this syndrome and include hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and a simplified cortical gyral pattern. Case reports have narrowed the critical region of the neurodevelopmental phenotype to a region that spans the B-cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A) gene. Here we present a 3-year-old normocephalic girl with moderate development delay and dysmorphic features including a prominent forehead, telecanthus, depressed nasal bridge, thin upper vermilion and a small chin. Magnetic resonance imaging shows enlargement of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles and hypoplastic corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis and pons. Array CGH revealed a 0.875 Mb de novo deletion at 2p16.1 that includes only BCL11A. The moderate delays, hypoplastic and dysmorphic corpus callosum and hippocampi and the facial features are in keeping with the previously described 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome. However, hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellum are not commonly recognized features and are reminiscent of the brain malformations observed in individuals with a mutation in CASK. CASK is known to interact with BCL11A in the normal growth of axons. This case report highlights the role of BCL11A in 2p15-16.1 microdeletion syndrome and the unique phenotype suggests a common pathway for BCL11A and other genes in neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce B Balci
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jorge Davila
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Peter Humphreys
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jorgez CJ, Rosenfeld JA, Wilken NR, Vangapandu HV, Sahin A, Pham D, Carvalho CMB, Bandholz A, Miller A, Weaver DD, Burton B, Babu D, Bamforth JS, Wilks T, Flynn DP, Roeder E, Patel A, Cheung SW, Lupski JR, Lamb DJ. Genitourinary defects associated with genomic deletions in 2p15 encompassing OTX1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107028. [PMID: 25203062 PMCID: PMC4159299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal development of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a complex process that frequently goes awry. In male children the most frequent congenital GU anomalies are cryptorchidism (1-4%), hypospadias (1%) and micropenis (0.35%). Bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC) (1∶47000) occurs less frequently but significantly impacts patients' lives. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) identified seven individuals with overlapping deletions in the 2p15 region (66.0 kb-5.6 Mb). Six of these patients have GU defects, while the remaining patient has no GU defect. These deletions encompass the transcription factor OTX1. Subjects 2-7 had large de novo CNVs (2.39-6.31 Mb) and exhibited features similar to those associated with the 2p15p16.1 and 2p15p14 microdeletion syndromes, including developmental delay, short stature, and variable GU defects. Subject-1 with BEEC had the smallest deletion (66 kb), which deleted only one copy of OTX1. Otx1-null mice have seizures, prepubescent transient growth retardation and gonadal defects. Two subjects have short stature, two have seizures, and six have GU defects, mainly affecting the external genitalia. The presence of GU defects in six patients in our cohort and eight of thirteen patients reported with deletions within 2p14p16.1 (two with deletion of OTX1) suggest that genes in 2p15 are important for GU development. Genitalia defects in these patients could result from the effect of OTX1 on pituitary hormone secretion or on the regulation of SHH signaling, which is crucial for development of the bladder and genitalia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina J. Jorgez
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJJ); (DJL)
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nathan R. Wilken
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aysegul Sahin
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dung Pham
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claudia M. B. Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne Bandholz
- Signature Genomic Laboratories, PerkinElmer, Inc., Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda Miller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David D. Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Barbara Burton
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Deepti Babu
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Timothy Wilks
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Flynn
- Department of Children's Endocrinology, St. Luke's Children's Specialty Center, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sau W. Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJJ); (DJL)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fannemel M, Barøy T, Holmgren A, Rødningen OK, Haugsand TM, Hansen B, Frengen E, Misceo D. Haploinsufficiency of XPO1 and USP34 by a de novo 230 kb deletion in 2p15, in a patient with mild intellectual disability and cranio-facial dysmorphisms. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:513-9. [PMID: 24911659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
2p15p16.1-deletion syndrome was first described in 2007 based on the clinical presentation of two patients. The syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features and a variety of congenital organ defects. The precise genotype-phenotype correlation in 2p15-deletion syndrome is not understood. However, greater insight can be obtained by thorough clinical investigation of patients carrying deletions, especially those of small size. We report a 21-year-old male patient with features overlapping the clinical spectrum of the 2p15p16.1-deletion syndrome, such as intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, and congenital defects. He carried a 230 kb de novo deletion (chr2:61500346-61733075 bp, hg19), which affects the genes USP34, SNORA70B and XPO1. While there is a lack of functional data on SNORA70B, the involvement of USP34 and XPO1 in the regulation of fundamental developmental processes is well known. We suggest that haploinsufficiency of one or both of these genes is likely to be responsible for the disease in our patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Fannemel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tuva Barøy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Olaug K Rødningen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine M Haugsand
- Department for Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Børre Hansen
- Department for Adult Habilitation, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DPP6 gene disruption in a family with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurogenetics 2014; 15:237-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
21
|
Sohn H, Kim B, Kim KH, Kim MK, Choi TK, Lee SH. Effects of VRK2 (rs2312147) on white matter connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103519. [PMID: 25079070 PMCID: PMC4117506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia reported a novel risk variant, rs2312147 at vaccinia-related kinase 2 gene (VRK2), in multiple Asian and European samples. However, its effect on the brain structure in schizophrenia is little known. We analyzed the brain structure of 36 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy subjects with regard to rs2312147 genotype groups. Brain magnetic resonance scans for gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) analysis, and genotype analysis for VRK2 rs2312147, were conducted. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Digit Symbol Test were assessed for schizophrenia patients. There was no significant difference in either GM volume or WM connectivity with regard to rs2312147 genotype in healthy subjects. In contrast, we found significant differences in the WM connectivity between rs2312147 CC and CT/TT genotype groups of schizophrenia patients. The related brain areas included the splenium of corpus callosum, the left occipital lobe WM, the internal capsule (left anterior limb and right retrolenticular part), the bilateral temporal lobe WM, the left fornix/stria terminalis, the left cingulate gyrus WM, and the left parietal lobe WM. Voxelwise correlation analysis revealed that the Digit Symbol Test scores (age corrected) correlated with the fractional anisotropy in WM tracts that previously showed significant group differences between the CT/TT and CC genotypes in the rs2312147 CT/TT genotype group, while no significant correlation was found in the CC genotype group. Our data may provide evidence for the effect of VRK2 on WM connectivity in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Borah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Kiu Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peter B, Matsushita M, Oda K, Raskind W. De novo microdeletion of BCL11A is associated with severe speech sound disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2091-6. [PMID: 24810580 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In 10 cases of 2p15p16.1 microdeletions reported worldwide to date, shared phenotypes included growth retardation, craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphic traits, internal organ defects, intellectual disability, nonverbal or low verbal status, abnormal muscle tone, and gross motor delays. The size of the deletions ranged from 0.3 to 5.7 Mb, where the smallest deletion involved the BCL11A, PAPOLG, and REL genes. Here we report on an 11-year-old male with a heterozygous de novo 0.2 Mb deletion containing a single gene, BCL11A, and a phenotype characterized by childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria in the presence of general oral and gross motor dyspraxia and hypotonia as well as expressive language and mild intellectual delays. BCL11A is situated within the dyslexia susceptibility candidate region 3 (DYX3) candidate region on chromosome 2. The present case is the first to involve a single gene within the microdeletion region and a phenotype restricted to a subset of the traits observed in other cases with more extensive deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Peter
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hancarova M, Simandlova M, Drabova J, Mannik K, Kurg A, Sedlacek Z. A patient with de novo 0.45 Mb deletion of 2p16.1: The role ofBCL11A,PAPOLG,REL, andFLJ16341in the 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:865-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
24
|
Florisson JMG, Mathijssen IMJ, Dumee B, Hoogeboom JAM, Poddighe PJ, Oostra BA, Frijns JP, Koster L, de Klein A, Eussen B, de Vries BBA, Swagemakers S, van der Spek PJ, Verkerk AJMH. Complex craniosynostosis is associated with the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:244-53. [PMID: 23303641 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In a screening project of patients with (complex) craniosynostosis using genomic arrays, we identified two patients with craniosynostosis and microcephaly with a deletion in the 2p15p16.1 chromosomal region. This region has been associated with a new microdeletion syndrome, for which patients have various features in common, including microcephaly and intellectual disability. Deletions were identified using Affymetrix 250K SNP array and further characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and qPCR. The deletions in our two patients overlapped within the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome area and were 6.8 and 6.9 Mb in size, respectively. FISH and qPCR confirmed the presence of only one copy in this region. Finemapping of the breakpoints indicated precise borders in our patients and were further finemapped in two other previously reported patients. Clinical features of patients with deletions in the 2p15p16.1 region vary. Including data from our patients, now eight out of nine reported patients have microcephaly, one of the major features, and all had intellectual disability. The current reported two patients add different forms of craniosynostosis to the clinical spectrum of this recently recognized microdeletion syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M G Florisson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Piccione M, Piro E, Serraino F, Cavani S, Ciccone R, Malacarne M, Pierluigi M, Vitaloni M, Zuffardi O, Corsello G. Interstitial deletion of chromosome 2p15-16.1: report of two patients and critical review of current genotype-phenotype correlation. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:238-44. [PMID: 22406401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report two individuals with developmental delay and dysmorphic features, in whom array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) led to the identification of a 2p15p16.1 de novo deletion. In the first patient (Patient 1) a familial deletion of 6q12, inherited from her father, was also detected. In the second patient (Patient 2) in addition to the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion a de novo deletion in Xq28 was detected. Both individuals shared dysmorphic features and developmental delay with the six reported patients with a 2p15p16.1 microdeletion described in medical literature. CONCLUSION in the first patient a 642 kb 2p16.1 deletion (from 60.604 to 61.246 Mb), and a 930 kb 6q12 familial deletion, was detected and in the second a 2.5 Mb 2p15p16.1 deletion (from 60.258 to 62.763 Mb), with a Xq28 deletion, was discovered. The common dysmorphic features and neurodevelopmental delay found in these patients are in agreement with the clinical phenotype of a microdeletion syndrome involving 2p15p16.1. Our data confirm the hypothesis suggesting that 2p15p16.1 deletion is a contiguous gene syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piccione
- U.O. Pediatria e TIN Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Università degli Studi di Palermo via Alfonso Giordano 3, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|