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Differential vulnerability of adult neurogenic niches to dosage of the neurodevelopmental-disorder linked gene Foxg1. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:497-514. [PMID: 35318461 PMCID: PMC9812795 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXG1 serves pleiotropic functions in brain development ranging from the regulation of precursor proliferation to the control of cortical circuit formation. Loss-of-function mutations and duplications of FOXG1 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in humans illustrating the importance of FOXG1 dosage for brain development. Aberrant FOXG1 dosage has been found to disrupt the balanced activity of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We report that FOXG1 is expressed in the main adult neurogenic niches in mice, i.e. the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subependymal zone/olfactory bulb system, where neurogenesis of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons persists into adulthood. These niches displayed differential vulnerability to increased FOXG1 dosage: high FOXG1 levels severely compromised survival and glutamatergic dentate granule neuron fate acquisition in the hippocampal neurogenic niche, but left neurogenesis of GABAergic neurons in the subependymal zone/olfactory bulb system unaffected. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a significantly higher expression of the apoptosis-linked nuclear receptor Nr4a1 in FOXG1-overexpressing hippocampal neural precursors. Strikingly, pharmacological interference with NR4A1 function rescued FOXG1-dependent death of hippocampal progenitors. Our results reveal differential vulnerability of neuronal subtypes to increased FOXG1 dosage and suggest that activity of a FOXG1/NR4A1 axis contributes to such subtype-specific response.
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2
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O’Brien BS, Mokry RL, Schumacher ML, Pulakanti K, Rao S, Terhune SS, Ebert AD. Downregulation of neurodevelopmental gene expression in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids upon infection by human cytomegalovirus. iScience 2022; 25:104098. [PMID: 35391828 PMCID: PMC8980761 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that can cause severe birth defects including vision and hearing loss, microcephaly, and seizures. Currently, no approved treatment options exist for in utero infections. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of HCMV infection on the transcriptome of developing neurons in an organoid model system. Cell populations isolated from organoids based on a marker for infection and transcriptomes were defined. We uncovered downregulation in key cortical, neurodevelopmental, and functional gene pathways which occurred regardless of the degree of infection. To test the contributions of specific HCMV immediate early proteins known to disrupt neural differentiation, we infected NPCs using a recombinant virus harboring a destabilization domain. Despite suppressing their expression, HCMV-mediated transcriptional downregulation still occurred. Together, our studies have revealed that HCMV infection causes a profound downregulation of neurodevelopmental genes and suggest a role for other viral factors in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. O’Brien
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Mokry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Megan L. Schumacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Sridhar Rao
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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3
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Ni Y, Liu B, Wu X, Liu J, Ba R, Zhao C. FOXG1 Directly Suppresses Wnt5a During the Development of the Hippocampus. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:298-310. [PMID: 33389683 PMCID: PMC7954983 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in various developmental processes. Wnt5a, which activates the non-canonical pathway, has been shown to be particularly important for axon guidance and outgrowth as well as dendrite morphogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of Wnt5a remains unclear. Here, through conditional disruption of Foxg1 in hippocampal progenitors and postmitotic neurons achieved by crossing Foxg1fl/fl with Emx1-Cre and Nex-Cre, respectively, we found that Wnt5a rather than Wnt3a/Wnt2b was markedly upregulated. Overexpression of Foxg1 had the opposite effects along with decreased dendritic complexity and reduced mossy fibers in the hippocampus. We further demonstrated that FOXG1 directly repressed Wnt5a by binding to its promoter and one enhancer site. These results expand our knowledge of the interaction between Foxg1 and Wnt signaling and help elucidate the mechanisms underlying hippocampal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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4
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Diagnostic testing for uniparental disomy: a points to consider statement from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2020; 22:1133-1141. [PMID: 32296163 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Wu JB, Sha J, Zhai JF, Liu Y, Zhang B. Prenatal diagnosis of maternal partial trisomy 9p23p24.3 and 14q11.2q21.3 in a fetus: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:6. [PMID: 32055256 PMCID: PMC7006427 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report a fetus with maternal partial trisomy 9p and 14q and the phenotype detected in ultrasound. Methods The chromosome rearrangements in the fetus were characterized by G-banding and chromosome microarray analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array of cultured amniocytes and compared with the parents’ karyotypes. Results The fetal abnormal karyotype was 47,XY,+der(14)(9;14)(p23;q22). The SNP array revealed a duplicate 11.8-Mb 9p23-p24.3 fragment and a duplicate 29.6-Mb 14q11.2-q21.3 fragment. The peripheral blood karyotype of the mother was 46,XX,t(9;14)(p23;q22), while the father’s was normal at the level of 300~400 bands. A high-resolution karyotype analysis conformed the same abnormality of the mother at the level of 550~650 bands. These results indicated that the fetal chromosomal abnormality probably derived from the mother. The fetal nuchal translucency thickness was 3.5 mm, and the fetal heart was detected with around 1.0-mm ventricular defect by the ultrasound examination at 12-week gestation. The couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. They opted for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer for the fourth pregnancy, which was successful. Conclusions The SNP array combined with cytogenetic analysis was particularly effective in identifying abnormal chromosomal rearrangements. These methods combined with the existing database information and fetal ultrasonography might provide a comprehensive and efficient way for the prenatal assessment of fetal situations. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis might effectively assist those women with an adverse pregnancy history in their next pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Wu
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - J Sha
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - J F Zhai
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
| | - Y Liu
- 2Department of Ultrasonography, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - B Zhang
- 1Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Medical Cente, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, 199 South Jiefang Road, Xuzhou, 221009 Jiangsu China
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6
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Klatt A, Salzmann E, Schneider LJ, Reifschneider A, Korneck M, Hermle P, Bürkle A, Stoll D, Kadereit S. Toxicity of ionizing radiation (IR) in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D early neurodevelopmental model. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2879-2893. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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FOXG1-Related Syndrome: From Clinical to Molecular Genetics and Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174176. [PMID: 31454984 PMCID: PMC6747066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with mutations in forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) belong to a distinct clinical entity, termed “FOXG1-related encephalopathy”. There are two clinical phenotypes/syndromes identified in FOXG1-related encephalopathy, duplications and deletions/intragenic mutations. In children with deletions or intragenic mutations of FOXG1, the recognized clinical features include microcephaly, developmental delay, severe cognitive disabilities, early-onset dyskinesia and hyperkinetic movements, stereotypies, epilepsy, and cerebral malformation. In contrast, children with duplications of FOXG1 are typically normocephalic and have normal brain magnetic resonance imaging. They also have different clinical characteristics in terms of epilepsy, movement disorders, and neurodevelopment compared with children with deletions or intragenic mutations. FOXG1 is a transcriptional factor. It is expressed mainly in the telencephalon and plays a pleiotropic role in the development of the brain. It is a key player in development and territorial specification of the anterior brain. In addition, it maintains the expansion of the neural proliferating pool, and also regulates the pace of neocortical neuronogenic progression. It also facilitates cortical layer and corpus callosum formation. Furthermore, it promotes dendrite elongation and maintains neural plasticity, including dendritic arborization and spine densities in mature neurons. In this review, we summarize the clinical features, molecular genetics, and possible pathogenesis of FOXG1-related syndrome.
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Brightman DS, Lokulo-Sodipe O, Searle BA, Mackay DJG, Davies JH, Temple IK, Dauber A. Growth Hormone Improves Short-Term Growth in Patients with Temple Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 90:407-413. [PMID: 30836360 DOI: 10.1159/000496700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Temple syndrome is an imprinting disorder caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (mat UPD14), paternal deletion of 14q32 or paternal hypomethylation of the intergenic differentially methylated region (MEG3/DLK1 IG-DMR). Patients with Temple syndrome have pre- and postnatal growth restriction, short stature, hypotonia, small hands and feet and precocious puberty. We sought to determine whether treatment with growth hormone improves growth outcomes in patients with Temple syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study reviewing the medical records of 14 patients with Temple syndrome, 7 of whom were treated with growth hormone. RESULTS After 1 year of growth hormone treatment, the height standard deviation score (SDS) increased a median of 1.31 SDS with a median increased height velocity of 5.30 cm/year. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest short-term improvement in height SDS with growth hormone treatment similar to the response in patients treated under the small for gestational age indication. We recommend considering growth hormone therapy in all patients with Temple syndrome who have short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Brightman
- Genetic Counseling Program, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly A Searle
- Unique - The Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group, Oxted, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Justin H Davies
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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9
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Vineeth VS, Dutta UR, Tallapaka K, Das Bhowmik A, Dalal A. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel 5 Mb deletion at 14q12 region in a patient with global developmental delay, microcephaly and seizures. Gene 2018; 673:56-60. [PMID: 29920362 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the nervous, musculoskeletal and gastroenteric systems. Affected individuals show normal neonatal development for 6-18 months followed by sudden growth arrest, psychomotor retardation and a broad spectrum of clinical features. Sequence variants in MECP2 gene have been identified as the major genetic etiology accounting for 90-95% of patients. Apart from MECP2, pathogenic sequence variants and copy number variants of FOXG1 gene lead to congenital type of Rett syndrome which is a more severe form and characterised by absence of early normal development as seen in classical Rett syndrome. In this report we describe a female child with global developmental delay, microcephaly and myoclonic seizures harbouring a 5 Mb deletion in 14q12 locus resulting in deletion of single copy of brain specific genes FOXG1, PRKD1 and NOVA1. Whole exome sequencing ruled out any possible role of other pathogenic single nucleotide variants and/or indels as the etiology for the observed phenotype. However, copy number variation analysis from the whole exome data detected a ~ 5 Mb microdeletion at the long arm of chromosome 14q12 region. The deletion was confirmed through array Comparative Genomic Hybridization and validated by quantitative PCR. Further, parents were analysed for mosaicism through metaphase Fluorescence in-situ Hybridisation. Our report broadens the phenotype of atypical Rett syndrome and reiterates the role of exome sequencing not only in detection of point mutation/small indels but also for detection of large deletions/duplication in coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal S Vineeth
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Usha R Dutta
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karthik Tallapaka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aneek Das Bhowmik
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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Chiola S, Do MD, Centrone L, Mallamaci A. Foxg1 Overexpression in Neocortical Pyramids Stimulates Dendrite Elongation Via Hes1 and pCreb1 Upregulation. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1006-1019. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Chiola
- Lab of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, via Bonomea Trieste, Italy
| | - Mihn Duc Do
- Lab of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, via Bonomea Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucy Centrone
- Lab of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, via Bonomea Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonello Mallamaci
- Lab of Cerebral Cortex Development, Neuroscience Area, SISSA, via Bonomea Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Purpose Temple syndrome (TS14) is a rare imprinting disorder caused by aberrations at the 14q32.2 imprinted region. Here, we report comprehensive molecular and clinical findings in 32 Japanese patients with TS14. Methods We performed molecular studies for TS14 in 356 patients with variable phenotypes, and clinical studies in all TS14 patients, including 13 previously reported. Results We identified 19 new patients with TS14, and the total of 32 patients was made up of 23 patients with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD(14)mat), six patients with epimutations, and three patients with microdeletions. Clinical studies revealed both Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)-like marked hypotonia and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS)-like phenotype in 50% of patients, PWS-like hypotonia alone in 20% of patients, SRS-like phenotype alone in 20% of patients, and nonsyndromic growth failure in the remaining 10% of patients in infancy, and gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty in 76% of patients who were pubescent or older. Conclusion These results suggest that TS14 is not only a genetically diagnosed entity but also a clinically recognizable disorder. Genetic testing for TS14 should be considered in patients with growth failure plus both PWS-like hypotonia and SRS-like phenotypes in infancy, and/or precocious puberty, as well as a familial history of Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal microdeletion at 14q32.2.
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12
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Zhang S, Qin H, Wang J, OuYang L, Luo S, Fu C, Fan X, Su J, Chen R, Xie B, Hu X, Chen S, Shen Y. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and mosaic trisomy 14 in a Chinese boy with moderate to severe intellectual disability. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 27559361 PMCID: PMC4995659 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both maternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD(14)mat) and mosaic trisomy 14 are rare events in live individuals. A combination of the two events in one individual is rarely encountered. Only six live-born cases have so far been reported. Case presentation Here we reported a case of concomitant UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14 in a 10-year-old Chinese patient. Most clinical features of our patient were consistent with those previous reported for UPD(14)mat cases, which include prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulty, intellectual disability, truncal obesity, small hands and feet, short stature, and mild facial dysmorphism, but our patient showed more severe intellectual disability and no sign of precocious puberty. SNP array analysis revealed a mixture of chromosome 14 maternal isodisomy with heterodisomy and a low level trisomy mosaicism of whole chromsome 14 in blood and hyperpigmented skin samples, whereas only UPD(14)mat was detected in normal skin sample. Cytogenetic analysis identified one trisomy 14 cell in 100 metaphase of peripheral blood lymphocytes (47,XX, +14[1]/46,XX[99]). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient with UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14 reported in a Chinese patient. The definitive genetic diagnosis is beneficial for genetic counseling and clinical management of our patient, and for improving our understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations of concomitant UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0274-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Haisong Qin
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Luping OuYang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Rongyu Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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13
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Yuan H, Xie Y, Li Q, Hu X, Li X, Sun X, Zhao W. Paternal Uniparental Disomy of Chromosome 14 with Hypospadias. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 148:256-61. [PMID: 27300571 DOI: 10.1159/000446783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal uniparental disomy 14 (patUPD14) is a distinct, clinically recognizable syndrome. Using a clinical SNP microarray, we identified patUPD14 in a boy with a normal karyotype presenting cardiomyopathy and facial anomalies, a specific configuration of the thoracic ribs ('coat hanger sign'), and hypospadias. Analyses of polymorphic microsatellites confirmed the diagnosis of patUPD14. We discuss the functions of the genes included in the rearrangement and their involvement in the pathogenesis of these disorders, especially hypospadias. ESR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs944050; 2681-4A>G) have been associated with an increased risk of hypospadias in previous studies. The patient's ESR2 (rs944050) genotype is GG, whereas the parents both exhibit an AG genotype. This report sheds light on the genetic phenomenon in which the combination of a polymorphism and UPD can lead to new phenotypes, such as hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yuan
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, PR China
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14
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Boggio E, Pancrazi L, Gennaro M, Lo Rizzo C, Mari F, Meloni I, Ariani F, Panighini A, Novelli E, Biagioni M, Strettoi E, Hayek J, Rufa A, Pizzorusso T, Renieri A, Costa M. Visual impairment in FOXG1-mutated individuals and mice. Neuroscience 2016; 324:496-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Stalman SE, Kamp GA, Hendriks YMC, Hennekam RCM, Rotteveel J. Positive effect of growth hormone treatment in maternal uniparental disomy chromosome 14. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:671-6. [PMID: 26119964 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (matUPD(14)) resembles Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). As positive effects of growth hormone (GH) are observed in individuals with PWS, treatment with GH may be useful in individuals with matUPD(14) as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GH treatment on growth and body composition in children with matUPD(14). DESIGN This is a prospective observational study of GH treatment in two girls with matUPD(14) during 2 years, and spontaneous growth in another matUPD(14) girl of similar age. PATIENTS Three girls (patient A, B and C, aged 8·9, 11·4 and 12·7 years, respectively) with matUPD(14) were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS Patients A and B were treated with GH during 2 years. Patient C was not treated with GH, as she was diagnosed at an age at which she attained near-final height. Main outcome measures included height, weight, body proportions, IGF-1, bone age, and DXA scan for body composition. RESULTS In both treated girls, a considerable increase in height (from -2·3SD and -1·2SD to -1·2SD and -0·6SD, respectively) and IGF-1 levels (from +0·1SD and -1·4SD to +1·3SD and +0·9SD, respectively) and, in patient A, a decrease in weight (+1·2 SD to -0·7SD), and improved body composition (fat percentage from 51·5% to 45·4%) were found. Both experienced improved muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS GH treatment in matUPD(14) cases can show beneficial effects on growth and body composition if started in time. Larger, international studies to determine detailed effectivity and side effects are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Stalman
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdine A Kamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M C Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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McMahon KQ, Papandreou A, Ma M, Barry BJ, Mirzaa GM, Dobyns WB, Scott RH, Trump N, Kurian MA, Paciorkowski AR. Familial recurrences of FOXG1-related disorder: Evidence for mosaicism. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3096-102. [PMID: 26364767 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
FOXG1-related disorders are caused by heterozygous mutations in FOXG1 and result in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes including postnatal microcephaly, intellectual disability with absent speech, epilepsy, chorea, and corpus callosum abnormalities. The recurrence risk for de novo mutations in FOXG1-related disorders is assumed to be low. Here, we describe three unrelated sets of full siblings with mutations in FOXG1 (c.515_577del63, c.460dupG, and c.572T > G), representing familial recurrence of the disorder. In one family, we have documented maternal somatic mosaicism for the FOXG1 mutation, and all of the families presumably represent parental gonadal (or germline) mosaicism. To our knowledge, mosaicism has not been previously reported in FOXG1-related disorders. Therefore, this report provides evidence that germline mosaicism for FOXG1 mutations is a likely explanation for familial recurrence and should be considered during recurrence risk counseling for families of children with FOXG1-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Q McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mandy Ma
- University of Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard H Scott
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Trump
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex R Paciorkowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Genetics, Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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17
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Szafranski P, Golla S, Jin W, Fang P, Hixson P, Matalon R, Kinney D, Bock HG, Craigen W, Smith JL, Bi W, Patel A, Wai Cheung S, Bacino CA, Stankiewicz P. Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral characteristics in males and females with CDKL5 duplications. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:915-21. [PMID: 25315662 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Point mutations and genomic deletions of the CDKL5 (STK9) gene on chromosome Xp22 have been reported in patients with severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including Rett-like disorders. To date, only larger-sized (8-21 Mb) duplications harboring CDKL5 have been described. We report seven females and four males from seven unrelated families with CDKL5 duplications 540-935 kb in size. Three families of different ethnicities had identical 667kb duplications containing only the shorter CDKL5 isoform. Four affected boys, 8-14 years of age, and three affected girls, 6-8 years of age, manifested autistic behavior, developmental delay, language impairment, and hyperactivity. Of note, two boys and one girl had macrocephaly. Two carrier mothers of the affected boys reported a history of problems with learning and mathematics while at school. None of the patients had epilepsy. Similarly to CDKL5 mutations and deletions, the X-inactivation pattern in all six studied females was random. We hypothesize that the increased dosage of CDKL5 might have affected interactions of this kinase with its substrates, leading to perturbation of synaptic plasticity and learning, and resulting in autistic behavior, developmental and speech delay, hyperactivity, and macrocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Szafranski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sailaja Golla
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Weihong Jin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Hixson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reuben Matalon
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Kinney
- Memorial Children's Hospital Navarre Pediatrics South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Hans-Georg Bock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - William Craigen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Pavone P, Striano P, Falsaperla R, Pavone L, Ruggieri M. Infantile spasms syndrome, West syndrome and related phenotypes: what we know in 2013. Brain Dev 2014; 36:739-51. [PMID: 24268986 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current spectrum of disorders associated to clinical spasms with onset in infancy is wider than previously thought; accordingly, its terminology has changed. Nowadays, the term Infantile spasms syndrome (ISs) defines an epileptic syndrome occurring in children younger than 1 year (rarely older than 2 years), with clinical (epileptic: i.e., associated to an epileptiform EEG) spasms usually occurring in clusters whose most characteristic EEG finding is hypsarrhythmia [the spasms are often associated with developmental arrest or regression]. The term West syndrome (WS) refers to a form (a subset) of ISs, characterised by the combination of clustered spasms and hypsarrhythmia on an EEG and delayed brain development or regression [currently, it is no longer required that delayed development occur before the onset of spasms]. Less usually, spasms may occur singly rather than in clusters [infantile spasms single-spasm variant (ISSV)], hypsarrhythmia can be (incidentally) recorded without any evidence of clinical spasms [hypsarrhythmia without infantile spasms (HWIS)] or typical clinical spasms may manifest in absence of hypsarrhythmia [infantile spasms without hypsarrhythmia (ISW)]. There is a growing evidence that ISs and related phenotypes may result, besides from acquired events, from disturbances in key genetic pathways of brain development: specifically, in the gene regulatory network of GABAergic forebrain dorsal-ventral development, and abnormalities in molecules expressed at the synapse. Children with these genetic associations also have phenotypes beyond epilepsy, including dysmorphic features, autism, movement disorders and systemic malformations. The prognosis depends on: (a) the cause, which gives origin to the attacks (the complex malformation forms being more severe); (b) the EEG pattern(s); (c) the appearance of seizures prior to the spasms; and (d) the rapid response to treatment. Currently, the first-line treatment includes the adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH and vigabatrin. In the near future the gold standard could be the development of new therapies that target specific pathways of pathogenesis. In this article we review the past and growing number of clinical, genetic, molecular and therapeutic discoveries on this expanding topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Pavone
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency "Costanza Gravina", University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases, "G. Gaslini" Research Hospital, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency "Costanza Gravina", University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pavone
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency "Costanza Gravina", University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Department of Educational Science, Chair of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Italy.
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Ioannides Y, Lokulo-Sodipe K, Mackay DJG, Davies JH, Temple IK. Temple syndrome: improving the recognition of an underdiagnosed chromosome 14 imprinting disorder: an analysis of 51 published cases. J Med Genet 2014; 51:495-501. [PMID: 24891339 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 14 harbours an imprinted locus at 14q32. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14, paternal deletions and loss of methylation at the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) result in a human phenotype of low birth weight, hypotonia, early puberty and markedly short adult stature. The analysis of the world literature of 51 cases identifies the key features that will enhance diagnosis and potentially improve treatment. We found a median birth weight SD score (SDS) of -1.88 and median adult final height of -2.04 SDS. Hypotonia and motor delay were reported in 93% and 83% of cases, respectively. Early puberty was reported in 86% of cases with the mean age of menarche at 10 years and 2 months of age. Small hands and feet were reported frequently (87% and 96%, respectively). Premature birth was common (30%) and feeding difficulties frequently reported (n = 22). There was evidence of mildly reduced intellectual ability (measured IQ 75-95). Obesity was reported in 49% of cases, and three patients developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two patients were reported to have recurrent hypoglycaemia, and one of these patients was subsequently demonstrated to be growth hormone deficient and started replacement therapy. We propose the use of the name 'Temple syndrome' for this condition and suggest that improved diagnosis and long-term monitoring, especially of growth and cardiovascular risk factors, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Ioannides
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
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20
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Pontrelli G, Cappelletti S, Claps D, Sirleto P, Ciocca L, Petrocchi S, Terracciano A, Serino D, Fusco L, Vigevano F, Specchio N. Epilepsy in patients with duplications of chromosome 14 harboring FOXG1. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 50:530-5. [PMID: 24731847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dup(14q12) harboring FOXG1 has been recently reported in individuals with developmental delay of variable severity, delayed/absent speech, and epilepsy/infantile spasms. FOXG1 was described as a dosage-sensitive gene encoding G1, a forkhead protein that is a brain-specific transcription factor with a role in brain development. PATIENTS We extensively reviewed all published cases with dup(14) harboring FOXG1 and highlighted those epileptological features that are more commonly found among such cases. We also describe one new patient, detailing his peculiar clinical and neurophysiological findings. RESULTS To date, 15 patients with dup(14) including FOXG1 have been reported; within those patients, nine also presented with epilepsy. At onset, the more frequent seizure type in the report and also in our patient is the epileptic spasm. Focal seizures might also be present. Outcomes in patients with epilepsy associated with dup(14) should be considered separately regarding seizures and cognitive and motor development. In the majority of patients (seven of 10, including ours), seizures tend to disappear and motor skills improve; however, instead stagnation of cognitive development is evident in all of them, associated with severe speech difficulties. CONCLUSIONS There are some common features that should be considered: seizures with onset during the first year of life, particularly clusters of spasms and focal seizures with hypsarrhythmic electroencephalograph pattern; different degrees of cognitive impairment possibly associated with behavior disturbances and severe speech disabilities; and dysmorphic features in the absence of significant microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pontrelli
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; "Amaducci" Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Cappelletti
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Dianela Claps
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Sirleto
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ciocca
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrocchi
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Terracciano
- Unit of Molecular Medicine for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bambino Gesú Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Serino
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fusco
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vigevano
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Division of Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Bertossi C, Cassina M, De Palma L, Vecchi M, Rossato S, Toldo I, Donà M, Murgia A, Boniver C, Sartori S. 14q12 duplication including FOXG1: is there a common age-dependent epileptic phenotype? Brain Dev 2014; 36:402-7. [PMID: 23838309 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duplications of 14q12 encompassing FOXG1 gene have been recently associated with developmental delay, severe speech impairment, epilepsy, aspecific neuroimaging findings and minor dysmorphisms. AIM AND METHODS In order to refine the epileptic phenotype associated with 14q12 duplications, we have performed a review of the electroclinical picture of the patients reported to date in the literature, adding a new personal case. A comprehensive set of clinical and instrumental data (with a particular focus on the electroclinical aspects including seizure type, age of onset, EEG at onset and after antiepileptic therapy, drug efficacy) has been taken into account. RESULTS 9/14 patients carrying 14q12 duplications developed seizures, all in the first months of life. Most of them developed infantile spasms (8/9 epileptic patients) and presented hypsarrhythmia or modified hypsarrhythmia on EEG. After therapy 5/9 patients became seizure free and 3/9 present a good seizure control. At last available follow up, 2/3 of the epileptic patients displayed an almost normal EEG, or a quite organized background activity, with diffuse or focal (mostly temporal) slowing. CONCLUSIONS The review of the available data allowed to recognize a common epileptic core, characterized by early onset, age dependent epileptic encephalopathy with infantile spasms and typical, atypical or modified hypsarrhythmia. Antiepileptic therapy soon led to a good or complete control of seizures with a nearly normal background activity in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bertossi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Luca De Palma
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marilena Vecchi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Irene Toldo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Donà
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murgia
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Clementina Boniver
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Italy.
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Diebold B, Délepine C, Nectoux J, Bahi-Buisson N, Parent P, Bienvenu T. Somatic mosaicism for a FOXG1 mutation: diagnostic implication. Clin Genet 2013; 85:589-91. [PMID: 24766421 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Diebold
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, GH Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Platelet defects in congenital variant of Rett syndrome patients with FOXG1 mutations or reduced expression due to a position effect at 14q12. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:1349-55. [PMID: 23632790 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) gene encodes a transcriptional repressor essential for early development of the telencephalon. Intragenic mutations and gene deletions leading to haploinsufficiency cause the congenital variant of Rett syndrome. We here describe Rett syndrome-like patients, three of them carrying a balanced translocation with breakpoint in the chromosome 14q12 region, and one patient having a 14q12 microdeletion excluding the FOXG1 gene. The hypothesis of long-range FOXG1-regulatory elements in this region was supported by our finding of reduced FOXG1 mRNA and protein levels in platelets and skin fibroblasts from these cases. Given that FOXG1 is not only expressed in brain but also in platelets, we have studied platelet morphology in these patients and two additional patients with FOXG1 mutations. Electron microscopy of their platelets showed some enlarged, rounder platelets with often abnormal alpha, and fewer dense granules. Platelet function studies were possible in one 14q12 translocation patient with a prolonged Ivy bleeding time and a patient with a heterozygous FOXG1 c.1248C>G mutation (p.Tyr416X). Both have a prolonged PFA-100 occlusion time with collagen and epinephrine and reduced aggregation responses to low dose of ADP and epinephrine. Dense granule ATP secretion was normal for strong agonists but absent for epinephrine. In conclusion, our study shows that by using platelets functional evidence of cis-regulatory elements in the 14q12 region result in reduced FOXG1 levels in patients' platelets having translocations or deletions in that region. These platelet functional abnormalities deserve further investigation regarding a non-transcriptional regulatory role for FOXG1 in these anucleated cells.
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Guilherme RS, Dutra ARN, Perez ABA, Takeno SS, Oliveira MM, Kulikowski LD, Klein E, Hamid AB, Liehr T, Melaragno MI. First report of a small supernumerary der(8;14) marker chromosome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 139:284-8. [PMID: 23548553 DOI: 10.1159/000348743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are structurally abnormal chromosomes, generally equal in size or smaller than a chromosome 20 of the same metaphase spread. Most of them are unexpectedly detected in routine karyotype analyses, and it is usually not easy to correlate them with a specific clinical picture. A small group of sSMCs is derived from more than one chromosome, called complex sSMCs. Here, we report on a patient with a de novo complex sSMC, derived from chromosomes 8 and 14. Banding karyotype analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based array, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to investigate its origin. Array and FISH analyses revealed a der(14)t(8;14)(p23.2;q22.1)dn. The propositus presents some clinical features commonly found in patients with partial duplication or triplication of 8p and 14q. This is the first report describing a patient with a congenital der(14)t(8;14)(p23.2;q22.1)dn sSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Guilherme
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Bartnik M, Szczepanik E, Derwińska K, Wiśniowiecka-Kowalnik B, Gambin T, Sykulski M, Ziemkiewicz K, Kędzior M, Gos M, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Mazurczak T, Jeziorek A, Antczak-Marach D, Rudzka-Dybała M, Mazurkiewicz H, Goszczańska-Ciuchta A, Zalewska-Miszkurka Z, Terczyńska I, Sobierajewicz M, Shaw CA, Gambin A, Mierzewska H, Mazurczak T, Obersztyn E, Bocian E, Stankiewicz P. Application of array comparative genomic hybridization in 102 patients with epilepsy and additional neurodevelopmental disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:760-71. [PMID: 22825934 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Copy-number variants (CNVs) collectively represent an important cause of neurodevelopmental disorders such as developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID), autism, and epilepsy. In contrast to DD/ID, for which the application of microarray techniques enables detection of pathogenic CNVs in -10-20% of patients, there are only few studies of the role of CNVs in epilepsy and genetic etiology in the vast majority of cases remains unknown. We have applied whole-genome exon-targeted oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) to a cohort of 102 patients with various types of epilepsy with or without additional neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed 24 non-polymorphic CNVs in 23 patients, among which 10 CNVs are known to be clinically relevant. Two rare deletions in 2q24.1q24.3, including KCNJ3 and 9q21.13 are novel pathogenic genetic loci and 12 CNVs are of unknown clinical significance. Our results further support the notion that rare CNVs can cause different types of epilepsy, emphasize the efficiency of detecting novel candidate genes by whole-genome array CGH, and suggest that the clinical application of array CGH should be extended to patients with unexplained epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bartnik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Ellaway CJ, Ho G, Bettella E, Knapman A, Collins F, Hackett A, McKenzie F, Darmanian A, Peters GB, Fagan K, Christodoulou J. 14q12 microdeletions excluding FOXG1 give rise to a congenital variant Rett syndrome-like phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:522-7. [PMID: 22968132 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a clinically defined neurodevelopmental disorder almost exclusively affecting females. Usually sporadic, Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene in ∼90-95% of classic cases and 40-60% of individuals with atypical Rett syndrome. Mutations in the CDKL5 gene have been associated with the early-onset seizure variant of Rett syndrome and mutations in FOXG1 have been associated with the congenital Rett syndrome variant. We report the clinical features and array CGH findings of three atypical Rett syndrome patients who had severe intellectual impairment, early-onset developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. In addition, the females had a seizure disorder, agenesis of the corpus callosum and subtle dysmorphism. All three were found to have an interstitial deletion of 14q12. The deleted region in common included the PRKD1 gene but not the FOXG1 gene. Gene expression analysis suggested a decrease in FOXG1 levels in two of the patients. Screening of 32 atypical Rett syndrome patients did not identify any pathogenic mutations in the PRKD1 gene, although a previously reported frameshift mutation affecting FOXG1 (c.256dupC, p.Gln86ProfsX35) was identified in a patient with the congenital Rett syndrome variant. There is phenotypic overlap between congenital Rett syndrome variants with FOXG1 mutations and the clinical presentation of our three patients with this 14q12 microdeletion, not encompassing the FOXG1 gene. We propose that the primary defect in these patients is misregulation of the FOXG1 gene rather than a primary abnormality of PRKD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Ellaway
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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14q12 and severe Rett-like phenotypes: new clinical insights and physical mapping of FOXG1-regulatory elements. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:1216-23. [PMID: 22739344 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) gene has been implicated in severe Rett-like phenotypes. It encodes the Forkhead box protein G1, a winged-helix transcriptional repressor critical for forebrain development. Recently, the core FOXG1 syndrome was defined as postnatal microcephaly, severe mental retardation, absent language, dyskinesia, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. We present seven additional patients with a severe Rett-like neurodevelopment disorder associated with de novo FOXG1 point mutations (two cases) or 14q12 deletions (five cases). We expand the mutational spectrum in patients with FOXG1-related encephalopathies and precise the core FOXG1 syndrome phenotype. Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and dyskinesia are not always present in FOXG1-mutated patients. We believe that the FOXG1 gene should be considered in severely mentally retarded patients (no speech-language) with severe acquired microcephaly (-4 to-6 SD) and few clinical features suggestive of Rett syndrome. Interestingly enough, three 14q12 deletions that do not include the FOXG1 gene are associated with phenotypes very reminiscent to that of FOXG1-mutation-positive patients. We physically mapped a putative long-range FOXG1-regulatory element in a 0.43 Mb DNA segment encompassing the PRKD1 locus. In fibroblast cells, a cis-acting regulatory sequence located more than 0.6 Mb away from FOXG1 acts as a silencer at the transcriptional level. These data are important for clinicians and for molecular biologists involved in the management of patients with severe encephalopathies compatible with a FOXG1-related phenotype.
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Amor DJ, Burgess T, Tan TY, Pertile MD. Questionable pathogenicity of FOXG1 duplication. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:595-6; author reply 596-7. [PMID: 22258524 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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