1
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Sandaradura SA, Bournazos A, Mallawaarachchi A, Cummings BB, Waddell LB, Jones KJ, Troedson C, Sudarsanam A, Nash BM, Peters GB, Algar EM, MacArthur DG, North KN, Brammah S, Charlton A, Laing NG, Wilson MJ, Davis MR, Cooper ST. Nemaline myopathy and distal arthrogryposis associated with an autosomal recessive TNNT3 splice variant. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:383-388. [PMID: 29266598 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A male neonate presented with severe weakness, hypotonia, contractures and congenital scoliosis. Skeletal muscle specimens showed marked atrophy and degeneration of fast fibers with striking nemaline rods and hypertrophy of slow fibers that were ultrastructurally normal. A neuromuscular gene panel identified a homozygous essential splice variant in TNNT3 (chr11:1956150G > A, NM_006757.3:c.681+1G > A). TNNT3 encodes skeletal troponin-Tfast and is associated with autosomal dominant distal arthrogryposis. TNNT3 has not previously been associated with nemaline myopathy (NM), a rare congenital myopathy linked to defects in proteins associated with thin filament structure and regulation. cDNA studies confirmed pathogenic consequences of the splice variant, eliciting exon-skipping and intron retention events leading to a frameshift. Western blot showed deficiency of troponin-Tfast protein with secondary loss of troponin-Ifast . We establish a homozygous splice variant in TNNT3 as the likely cause of severe congenital NM with distal arthrogryposis, characterized by specific involvement of Type-2 fibers and deficiency of troponin-Tfast .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sandaradura
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Bournazos
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amali Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beryl B Cummings
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leigh B Waddell
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Troedson
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annapurna Sudarsanam
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Nash
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory B Peters
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Algar
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Brammah
- Electron Microscope Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Charlton
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Meredith J Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Wright DC, Adayapalam N, Bain N, Bain SM, Brown A, Buzzacott N, Carey L, Cross J, Dun K, Joy C, McCarthy C, Moore S, Murch AR, O'Malley F, Parker E, Watt J, Wilkin H, Fagan K, Pertile MD, Peters GB. Chromosome microarray proficiency testing and analysis of quality metric data trends through an external quality assessment program for Australasian laboratories. Pathology 2016; 48:586-96. [PMID: 27575971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome microarrays are an essential tool for investigation of copy number changes in children with congenital anomalies and intellectual deficit. Attempts to standardise microarray testing have focused on establishing technical and clinical quality criteria, however external quality assessment programs are still needed. We report on a microarray proficiency testing program for Australasian laboratories. Quality metrics evaluated included analytical accuracy, result interpretation, report completeness, and laboratory performance data: sample numbers, success and abnormality rate and reporting times. Between 2009 and 2014 nine samples were dispatched with variable results for analytical accuracy (30-100%), correct interpretation (32-96%), and report completeness (30-92%). Laboratory performance data (2007-2014) showed an overall mean success rate of 99.2% and abnormality rate of 23.6%. Reporting times decreased from >90 days to <30 days for normal results and from >102 days to <35 days for abnormal results. Data trends showed a positive correlation with improvement for all these quality metrics, however only 'report completeness' and reporting times reached statistical significance. Whether the overall improvement in laboratory performance was due to participation in this program, or from accumulated laboratory experience over time, is not clear. Either way, the outcome is likely to assist referring clinicians and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wright
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - N Adayapalam
- Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N Bain
- Hunter Area Pathology, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S M Bain
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A Brown
- Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - N Buzzacott
- Western Genome Diagnostics, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L Carey
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J Cross
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - K Dun
- Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - C Joy
- Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - C McCarthy
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S Moore
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - A R Murch
- Retired, formerly at Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - F O'Malley
- St Vincents Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - E Parker
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Watt
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - H Wilkin
- Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - K Fagan
- Retired, formerly at Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M D Pertile
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - G B Peters
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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3
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Wallis MJ, Kelly AL, Peters GB, St Heaps L, Nandini A, McGaughran JM. A balanced paternal interchromosomal reciprocal insertion between 5q12.1q13.2 and 20p12.3p12.1 resulting in separate genetic conditions in two siblings. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Wallis
- Genetic Health Queensland; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Brisbane Queensland
- School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland
| | - Amanda L. Kelly
- Genetic Health Queensland; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Brisbane Queensland
| | - Gregory B. Peters
- Department of Cytogenetics; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney New South Wales
| | - Luke St Heaps
- Department of Cytogenetics; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Sydney New South Wales
| | - Adayapalam Nandini
- Department of Cytogenetics; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Brisbane Queensland
| | - Julie M. McGaughran
- Genetic Health Queensland; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Brisbane Queensland
- School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland
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4
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Byrne JA, Chen Y, Martin La Rotta N, Peters GB. Challenges in identifying candidate amplification targets in human cancers: chromosome 8q21 as a case study. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:87-101. [PMID: 23050042 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912456287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed genomic characterization of cancer specimens is required to identify all genes whose dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression. These include amplification target genes, whose oncogenic functions derive from their overexpression in response to increased gene copy number, and which increasingly serve as therapeutic targets and predictive markers. We propose that identifying novel amplification target genes is becoming more challenging, and may require the comparative analysis of multiple studies mapping gene copy number changes and/or defining associations between gene copy number and expression. We therefore reviewed the array comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism profiling literature to identify copy number increases that were restricted to chromosome 8q21 in human cancers, which were reported most frequently in breast cancer. We determined the minimal regions of overlap between gained regions and then examined which chromosome 8q21 genes were most frequently overexpressed, or otherwise supported, in individual studies. As these combined approaches supported the previously proposed amplification targets TCEB1, TPD52, and WWP1, the comparison of multiple genomic studies may therefore effectively predict candidate gene amplification targets, and prioritize these for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Byrne
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Children's Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia ; The University of Sydney Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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5
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Ellaway CJ, Ho G, Bettella E, Knapman A, Collins F, Hackett A, McKenzie F, Darmanian A, Peters GB, Fagan K, Christodoulou J. 14q12 microdeletions excluding FOXG1 give rise to a congenital variant Rett syndrome-like phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:522-7. [PMID: 22968132 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a clinically defined neurodevelopmental disorder almost exclusively affecting females. Usually sporadic, Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene in ∼90-95% of classic cases and 40-60% of individuals with atypical Rett syndrome. Mutations in the CDKL5 gene have been associated with the early-onset seizure variant of Rett syndrome and mutations in FOXG1 have been associated with the congenital Rett syndrome variant. We report the clinical features and array CGH findings of three atypical Rett syndrome patients who had severe intellectual impairment, early-onset developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly and hypotonia. In addition, the females had a seizure disorder, agenesis of the corpus callosum and subtle dysmorphism. All three were found to have an interstitial deletion of 14q12. The deleted region in common included the PRKD1 gene but not the FOXG1 gene. Gene expression analysis suggested a decrease in FOXG1 levels in two of the patients. Screening of 32 atypical Rett syndrome patients did not identify any pathogenic mutations in the PRKD1 gene, although a previously reported frameshift mutation affecting FOXG1 (c.256dupC, p.Gln86ProfsX35) was identified in a patient with the congenital Rett syndrome variant. There is phenotypic overlap between congenital Rett syndrome variants with FOXG1 mutations and the clinical presentation of our three patients with this 14q12 microdeletion, not encompassing the FOXG1 gene. We propose that the primary defect in these patients is misregulation of the FOXG1 gene rather than a primary abnormality of PRKD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Ellaway
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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6
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Bonaglia MC, Giorda R, Beri S, Peters GB, Kirk EP, Hung D, Ciccone R, Gottardi G, Zuffardi O. Concurrent transposition of distal 6p and 20q to the 22q telomere: A recurrent benign chromosomal variant. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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7
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Gabbett MT, Peters GB, Carmichael JM, Darmanian AP, Collins FA. Prader-Willi syndrome phenocopy due to duplication of Xq21.1-q21.31, with array CGH of the critical region. Clin Genet 2008; 73:353-9. [PMID: 18279435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old male with an interstitial tandem duplication of Xq21.1-q21.31 who presented with clinical features of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The duplication was maternally inherited. Abnormalities of the X chromosome have previously been reported in association with a PWS phenotype, but to date, specific duplications of Xq21.1-q21.31 have not. We refined the chromosomal breakpoints seen on initial G-banded karyotyping in our case with comparative genomic hybridization by microarray (array CGH). The duplication was between 11.1 and 14.4 Mb in length and overlaps with three loci to which mental retardation with PWS-like features have been previously mapped, showing the utility of array CGH in helping to identify candidate genes. We conclude that duplication of chromosomal region Xq21.1-q21.31 potentially results in a PWS-like phenotype. Reviewing the literature on similar duplications, we further conclude that distal Xq duplications can result in features typically seen in infants with PWS, while proximal duplications can result in features typically seen in older children and adults with PWS. Duplications of chromosome Xq should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PWS, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Gabbett
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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8
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Leder HA, Galor A, Peters GB, Kedhar SR, Dunn JP, Thorne JE. Resolution of conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma after institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 92:151. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Byrne JA, Balleine RL, Schoenberg Fejzo M, Mercieca J, Chiew YE, Livnat Y, St Heaps L, Peters GB, Byth K, Karlan BY, Slamon DJ, Harnett P, Defazio A. Tumor protein D52 (TPD52) is overexpressed and a gene amplification target in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2005; 117:1049-54. [PMID: 15986428 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent chromosome 8q gain in ovarian carcinoma is likely to reflect the existence of multiple target loci, as the separate gain of chromosome bands 8q21 and 8q24 has been reported in independent studies. Since tumor protein D52 (TPD52) has been identified as a chromosome 8q21 amplification target in breast and prostate carcinoma, we compared TPD52 expression in normal ovarian epithelium (n = 9), benign serous adenomas (n = 11), serous borderline tumors (n = 6) and invasive carcinomas of the major histologic subtypes (n = 57) using immunohistochemistry. These analyses revealed that all normal ovarian epithelium samples and benign serous tumors were predominantly TPD52-negative, whereas TPD52 was overexpressed in most (44/57; 77%) ovarian carcinomas regardless of histologic subtype. TPD52 subcellular localization was predominantly cytoplasmic, although nuclear localization was also frequently observed in mucinous and clear cell carcinomas. In an independent cohort of stage III serous carcinomas (n = 18), we also directly compared in situ TPD52 expression using immunohistochemistry and TPD52 copy number using interphase FISH analyses. This revealed that TPD52 dosage and TPD52 expression were significantly positively correlated. TPD52 therefore represents a novel molecular marker in ovarian cancer, which is broadly expressed across the different histologic subtypes and whose upregulation frequently reflects increased TPD52 copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Byrne
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, The University of Sydney Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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10
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Mahjoubi F, Peters GB, Malafiej P, Shalhoub C, Turner A, Daniel A, Hill RJ. An analphoid marker chromosome inv dup(15)(q26.1qter), detected during prenatal diagnosis and characterized via chromosome microdissection. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 109:485-90. [PMID: 15905642 DOI: 10.1159/000084207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A small, mosaic, C-band negative marker chromosome was detected in amniocyte cultures during prenatal diagnosis due to advanced maternal age. Following spontaneous premature labor at 29 weeks gestation, a dysmorphic infant was delivered, with flat nasal bridge, short palpebral fissures, micrognathia, high forehead, low-set ears, telecanthus and corneal dystrophy. Additional folds of skin were present behind the neck, and feet, fingers and toes were abnormally long. The child died at age five days, after two days of renal failure. The origin of the marker chromosome was subsequently identified from a cord blood sample, via chromosome microdissection. Through reverse FISH, we found the marker to be an inverted duplication of the region 15q26.1-->qter. FISH with alphoid satellite probe was negative, while whole chromosome 15 paint was positive. Both ends of the marker chromosome were positive for the telomeric TTAGGG probe. These data, plus the G-banding pattern, identified the marker as an analphoid, inverted duplicated chromosome, lacking any conventional centromere. We discuss the etiology and clinical effects of this marker chromosome, comparing it to the few reported cases of "tetrasomy 15q" syndrome. We also discuss the possible mechanisms that are likely responsible for this neocentromere formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mahjoubi
- Clinical Genetic Department, National Research Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Maclean K, Smith J, St Heaps L, Chia N, Williams R, Peters GB, Onikul E, McCrossin T, Lehmann OJ, Adès LC. Axenfeld-Rieger malformation and distinctive facial features: Clues to a recognizable 6p25 microdeletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 132A:381-5. [PMID: 15654696 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of distal 6p is associated with a distinctive clinical phenotype including Axenfeld-Rieger malformation, hearing loss, congenital heart disease, dental anomalies, developmental delay, and a characteristic facial appearance. We report the case of a child where recognition of the specific ocular and facial phenotype, led to identification of a 6p microdeletion arising from a de novo 6:18 translocation. Detailed analysis confirmed deletion of the FOXC1 forkhead gene cluster at 6p25. CNS anomalies included hydrocephalus and hypoplasia of the cerebellum, brainstem, and corpus callosum with mild to moderate developmental delay. Unlike previous reports, hearing was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maclean
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Peters GB, Krohel GB. Active ocular syphilis. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1515-6. [PMID: 11535434 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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Peters GB, Meyer DR, Shields JA, Custer PL, Rubin PA, Wojno TH, Bersani TA, Tanenbaum M. Management and prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:1575-9. [PMID: 11535453 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment, and long-term follow-up of eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen patients with primary eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma. METHODS Cases of Merkel cell carcinoma for which long-term follow-up was available were solicited from members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery through an on-line e-mail/news group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follow-up period, treatment history, presence and type of recurrence, and mortality. RESULTS Average follow-up was 33.4 months. Of the 14 cases identified, only 2 patients (14%) received prophylactic therapy beyond wide surgical excision. Three patients (21%) had recurrences, none of whom initially received prophylactic therapy (i.e., radiation therapy, lymph node dissection, and/or chemotherapy) beyond wide surgical excision. One patient (7%) died of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare skin malignancy that occasionally affects the eyelid, with the potential for regional and distant metastasis. Consideration should be given to the use of prophylactic adjunctive therapies beyond wide surgical excision while simultaneously considering the morbidity of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Peters
- Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York 12208-3423, USA
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Strabismus and poverty are more common among developmentally delayed children. Poverty is difficult to define, but qualification for Medicaid benefits has been used as an indicator in the past. METHODS There was a retrospective review of 95 patients with strabismus younger than 7 years who were seen in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Albany Medical Center for a 12-month period and were reviewed for the presence or absence of developmental delay. These patients were selected from 2 groups: one with Medicaid coverage and one without. RESULTS Developmental delays were noted in 13 patients without Medicaid (27.0%) and in 26 patients with Medicaid (55.3%) (P = .0096). Patients with Medicaid were less likely to name Allen pictures by age 3 years (P = .0003). CONCLUSIONS Poverty is more commonly associated with delays in patients with strabismus, and this should alert ophthalmologists who work with Medicaid patients to seek to identify the presence of developmental delay in managing the care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Peters
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical Center, New York 12208, USA
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15
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Hussey DJ, Nicola M, Moore S, Peters GB, Dobrovic A. The (4;11)(q21;p15) translocation fuses the NUP98 and RAP1GDS1 genes and is recurrent in T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 94:2072-9. [PMID: 10477737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the breakpoint genes of the translocation t(4;11)(q21;p15) that occurred in a case of adult T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was mapped to the region between D11S470 and D11S860. The nucleoporin 98 gene (NUP98), which is rearranged in several acute myeloid leukemia translocations, is located within this region. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids segregating the translocation chromosomes showed that the chromosome 11 breakpoint occurs within NUP98. The fusion partner of NUP98 was identified as the RAP1GDS1 gene using 3' RACE. RAP1GDS1 codes for smgGDS, a ubiquitously expressed guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates the conversion of the inactive GDP-bound form of several ras family small GTPases to the active GTP-bound form. In the NUP98-RAP1GDS1 fusion transcript (abbreviated as NRG), the 5' end of the NUP98 gene is joined in frame to the coding region of the RAP1GDS1 gene. This joins the FG repeat-rich region of NUP98 to RAP1GDS1, which largely consists of tandem armadillo repeats. NRG fusion transcripts were detected in the leukemic cells of 2 other adult T-ALL patients. One of these patients had a variant translocation with a more 5' breakpoint in NUP98. This is the first report of an NUP98 translocation in lymphocytic leukemia and the first time that RAP1GDS1 has been implicated in any human malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hussey
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
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16
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O'Neill GM, Peters GB, Harvie RM, MacKenzie HB, Henness S, Davey RA. Amplification and expression of the ABC transporters ARA and MRP in a series of multidrug-resistant leukaemia cell sublines. Br J Cancer 1998; 77:2076-80. [PMID: 9649117 PMCID: PMC2150375 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1998.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
E1000, the most drug-resistant subline from the E-series (CCRF-CEM/E16 to E1000), has been previously shown to express high mRNA levels from two ABC transporter genes associated with multidrug resistance, ARA and MRP. The expression and amplification of both genes has now been characterized for each member of the E-series of drug-resistant sublines and is reported here. Both ARA [detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)] and MRP (detected by Northern blot analysis) were expressed at low levels in the sensitive parental CEM cell line. An equivalent level of MRP mRNA expression was detected throughout the CEM, E16, E25 and E50 sublines, and there was increasing expression in the E100, E200 and E1000 sublines. ARA expression was not detected in the E16, E25, E50 and E100 sublines but was detected by both RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis in the E200 and E1000 sublines. Southern blot analysis indicated the increased levels of MRP and ARA expression resulted from gene amplification and that MRP was first amplified in the E100 subline and ARA in the E200 subline, suggesting that the two genes were not initially co-amplified. Cytogenetic analysis of E1000 cells demonstrated a large addition to chromosome 16p, around the region where the ARA and MRP genes are located. Increased expression of ARA is associated with increased colchicine resistance in the E-series of sublines and combined with MRP may account for their resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M O'Neill
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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17
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Summers KM, Murphy RM, Webb GC, Peters GB, Morton H, Cassady AI, Cavanagh AC. The human early pregnancy factor/chaperonin 10 gene family. Biochem Mol Med 1996; 58:52-8. [PMID: 8809346 DOI: 10.1006/bmme.1996.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
cDNA clones corresponding to the sequence for human early pregnancy factor were isolated from a human melanoma library and hybridized to DNA digested with four restriction enzymes obtained from twelve different subjects. Up to 20 cross hybridizing bands were observed. When hybridized to metaphase spreads from four different humans, significant signals were present in nine locations, on eight different chromosome arms. These results suggest that the early pregnancy factor gene is a member of a large gene family. The coding sequence for early pregnancy factor has a high degree of homology with the sequence for human chaperonin 10, and the gene family described here should contain the genes for both of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Summers
- Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Australia
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Persson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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19
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Evdokiou A, Webb GC, Peters GB, Dobrovic A, O'Keefe DS, Forbes IJ, Cowled PA. Localization of the human growth arrest-specific gene (GAS1) to chromosome bands 9q21.3-q22, a region frequently deleted in myeloid malignancies. Genomics 1993; 18:731-3. [PMID: 8307588 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(05)80388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Evdokiou
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Abstract
We describe the localization of the chromosome 11 breakpoint of a T-ALL translocation, t(4;11)(q21;p14-15), to sub-band 11p15.5. The breakpoint is located between the genes for insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) and the M1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1). This region does not include any previously cloned genes involved in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kalatzis
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
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21
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Hardingham JE, Peters GB, Dobrovic A, Dale BM, Kotasek D, Ford HE, Story CJ, Sage RE. A rare translocation (4;11)(q21;p14-15) in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing T-cell and myeloid markers. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1991; 56:255-62. [PMID: 1756471 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 21-year-old male presented with a large mediastinal mass and a white cell count of 420 x 10(9)/L. A diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made, with 90% of cells in the bone marrow (BM) and 99% in the peripheral blood (PB) being lymphoblasts (FAB L1). Cytogenetic analysis of these cells revealed a rare variant of the t(4;11) translocation involving chromosome arm 11p rather than 11q, namely t(4;11)(q21;p14-15). The standard form of the (4;11) translocation has been associated with leukemias with mixed-lineage phenotypes. Three cases of ALL with t(4q;11p) have previously been reported. One of these cases showed phenotypic heterogeneity involving myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The leukemia reported here also exhibits lymphoid/myeloid features. Immunophenotyping of the blasts showed that most of the cells were positive for CD2, CD5, CD7, CD10 (CALLA), CD34, and HLA-DR. A significant proportion of the cells expressed CD33. These results suggest a biphenotypic rather than a biclonal disease. Molecular analysis showed rearrangement of both immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (JH) and of a single allele of the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma 1 gene, while retaining germline TCR beta genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hardingham
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Australia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dobrovic
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
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23
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Peters GB, Dale BM, Sage RE, Ford JH. Novel translocations in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Two cases involving chromosome 21, band q22. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1990; 44:99-105. [PMID: 2293884 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(90)90202-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present two cases in which translocations involving 21q22 were found at presentation in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The first of these translocations, t(3;21)(q26-q27;q22), is previously unknown in ANLL, but appears indistinguishable from that reportedly associated with Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. The second case involves t(15;21)(q21-q22;q22), a translocation previously undescribed in ANLL. Both of these exchanges involve 21q22 plus another chromosome region associated with leukemogenesis. We attempted to interrelate these cytogenetic data with the oncogenic significance of 21q22.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Peters
- Department of Genetics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
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24
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25
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Peters GB, MacCormac LB. Multivariate analysis of karyotypic abnormality in leukemia facilitated by numerical encoding of cytogenetic data. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1987; 45:141-7. [PMID: 3480101 DOI: 10.1159/000132445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A system is proposed whereby human karyotype data is expressed in quantitative terms rather than in the ISCN (1985) terminology used at present. This recoding facilitates application of multivariate analysis using standard statistical packages. As an example, karyotypes of 714 cases from 11 leukemias (Mitelman, 1983) are here recorded and subjected to discriminant analysis (SPSSx, 1983). Significant karyotypic specificity is apparent in six of the 11 FAB leukemia types. Four others show insignificant levels of specificity, while the last is equivocal. These results merely confirm present views. However, their generation by means of computerized multivariate analysis is novel, and confirms the feasibility of the approach. In this quantitative form, karyotypic data may be combined with any other data of diagnostic or prognostic value. Given such a consolidated data set, desired information concerning any aspect of neoplasia could be extracted via a single procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Peters
- Genetics Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA
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26
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Ford JH, Brown JK, Lew WY, Peters GB. Diploid complete hydatidiform mole, mosaic for normally fertilized cells and androgenetic homozygous cells. Case report. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 93:1181-6. [PMID: 3778854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb08644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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