2
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Edgerley K, Barnicoat A, Offiah AC, Calder AD, Mankad K, Thomas NS, Bunyan DJ, Williams M, Buxton C, Majumdar A, Vijayakumar K, Hilliard T, Turner J, Burren CP, Monsell F, Smithson SF. AIFM1-associated X-linked spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cerebral hypomyelination. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1228-1235. [PMID: 33439541 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with cerebral hypomyelination (SMD-H) is a very rare but distinctive phenotype, unusually combining spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Recently, SMD-H has been associated with variants confined to a specific intra-genic locus involving Exon 7, suggesting that AIFM1 plays an important role in bone development and metabolism as well as cerebral myelination. Here we describe two further affected boys, one with a novel intronic variant associated with skipping of Exon 7 of AIFM1 and the other a synonymous variant within Exon 7 of AIFM1. We describe their clinical course and radiological and genetic findings, providing further insight into the natural history of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Edgerley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair D Calder
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Simon Thomas
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - David J Bunyan
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, South West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Buxton
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, South West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Arniban Majumdar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kayal Vijayakumar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hilliard
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Turner
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christine P Burren
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fergal Monsell
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah F Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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3
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Miyake N, Wolf NI, Cayami FK, Crawford J, Bley A, Bulas D, Conant A, Bent SJ, Gripp KW, Hahn A, Humphray S, Kimura-Ohba S, Kingsbury Z, Lajoie BR, Lal D, Micha D, Pizzino A, Sinke RJ, Sival D, Stolte-Dijkstra I, Superti-Furga A, Ulrick N, Taft RJ, Ogata T, Ozono K, Matsumoto N, Neubauer BA, Simons C, Vanderver A. X-linked hypomyelination with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (H-SMD) associated with mutations in AIFM1. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:185-194. [PMID: 28842795 PMCID: PMC5705759 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An X-linked condition characterized by the combination of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (H-SMD) has been observed in only four families, with linkage to Xq25-27, and recent genetic characterization in two families with a common AIFM1 mutation. In our study, 12 patients (6 families) with H-SMD were identified and underwent comprehensive assessment accompanied by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Pedigree analysis in all families was consistent with X-linked recessive inheritance. Presentation typically occurred between 12 and 36 months. In addition to the two disease-defining features of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia and hypomyelination on MRI, common clinical signs and symptoms included motor deterioration, spasticity, tremor, ataxia, dysarthria, cognitive defects, pulmonary hypertension, nystagmus, and vision loss due to retinopathy. The course of the disease was slowly progressive. All patients had maternally inherited or de novo mutations in or near exon 7 of AIFM1, within a region of 70 bp, including synonymous and intronic changes. AIFM1 mutations have previously been associated with neurologic presentations as varied as intellectual disability, hearing loss, neuropathy, and striatal necrosis, while AIFM1 mutations in this small region present with a distinct phenotype implicating bone. Analysis of cell lines derived from four patients identified significant reductions in AIFM1 mRNA and protein levels in osteoblasts. We hypothesize that AIFM1 functions in bone metabolism and myelination and is responsible for the unique phenotype in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ferdy K Cayami
- Department of Child Neurology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Annette Bley
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothy Bulas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alex Conant
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Suite 4800, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J Bent
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Univ.-Klinikum Giessen/Marburg; Standort Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35389, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sean Humphray
- Chesterford Research Park, Illumina, Inc., Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Shihoko Kimura-Ohba
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zoya Kingsbury
- Chesterford Research Park, Illumina, Inc., Little Chesterford, CB10 1XL, UK
| | | | - Dennis Lal
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, USA
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy Pizzino
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Suite 4800, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard J Sinke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Sival
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Irene Stolte-Dijkstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Ulrick
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Suite 4800, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Illumina, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.,George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Bernd A Neubauer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Univ.-Klinikum Giessen/Marburg; Standort Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35389, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Suite 4800, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Wagner MW, Poretti A, Benson JE, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:162-209. [PMID: 28000960 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re-)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long-term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern-recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n = 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern-recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work-up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Benson
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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5
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Mierzewska H, Rydzanicz M, Biegański T, Kosinska J, Mierzewska-Schmidt M, Ługowska A, Pollak A, Stawiński P, Walczak A, Kędra A, Obersztyn E, Szczepanik E, Płoski R. Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with neurodegeneration associated with AIFM1 mutation - a novel phenotype of the mitochondrial disease. Clin Genet 2016; 91:30-37. [PMID: 27102849 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 1999, based on a single family, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) with mental retardation (MR) was described as a novel syndrome with probably X-linked recessive inheritance and unknown molecular defect (MIM 300232). Our purpose was to search for the causative defect in the originally described family and in an independently ascertained second family. All patients had slowly progressive neurodegeneration with central and peripheral involvement and identical skeletal dysplasia. Whole exome sequencing performed in two subjects showed a single plausible candidate - the p.Asp237Gly variant in AIFM1 (chr. Xq26.1). The p.Asp237Gly segregated with disease as indicated by linkage analysis [maximum logarithm of odds score (LOD) score at theta 0 for the two families was 3.359]. This variant had not been previously reported and it was predicted to be pathogenic by Polyphen2, SIFT, MutationTaster and Mutation Assessor. AIFM1 encodes mitochondria associated apoptosis-inducing factor. The AIFM1 gene has been linked with COXPD6 encephalomyopathy (MIM 300816), Cowchock syndrome (MIM 310490) and X-linked deafness with neuropathy (DFNX5, MIM 300614), none of which are similar to SEMD-MR. Our results place SEMD as the third instance of a skeletal phenotype associated with a mitochondrial disease (the others being EVEN-PLUS syndrome caused by mutations of HSPA9 and CODAS syndrome due to LONP1 mutations).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Rydzanicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Biegański
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Kosinska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Mierzewska-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Stawiński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Walczak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kędra
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Szczepanik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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