1
|
Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei Y, Huang Y, Yang Y, Qian M. MELAS/LS Overlap Syndrome Associated With Mitochondrial DNA Mutations: Clinical, Genetic, and Radiological Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648740. [PMID: 34025555 PMCID: PMC8137909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mitochondrial diseases are characterized by considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactate acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and Leigh syndrome (LS) are both established mitochondrial syndromes; sometimes they can overlap. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was done to analyze the clinical manifestations, biochemical findings, neuroimaging and genetic data, and disease outcomes of 14 patients with identified MELAS/LS overlap syndrome. Results: A total of 14 patients, 9 males and 5 females, were enrolled. The median age at onset was 14 years, while the average age was 12.6 years. As for clinical features in concordance with MELAS, the top three most common symptoms were seizures, cognitive impairment, and stroke-like episodes (SLE). Brain atrophy was present in seven patients. As for the clinical hallmarks of LS, the top three most common symptoms were ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and bulbar palsy. Patients presented with individual syndrome or overlap syndromes with similar frequency, and the prognosis did not seem to be related to the initial presentation. Thirteen patients were identified with MTND mutations, among which m.13513G>A mutation in the MT-ND5 gene was the most common. Only one patient with m.8344A>G mutation of MTTK gene was found. Discussion: Our study demonstrated that MTND genes are important mutation hot spots in MELAS/LS overlap syndrome. The follow-up is very important for the final diagnosis of overlap syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wei
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mani S. Response to "Letter to the editors" in regard to the article 'Genetic heterogeneity of mitochondrial genome in thiamine deficient Leigh syndrome patients'. J Neurol Sci 2019; 407:116441. [PMID: 31627180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for emerging diseases, Departmenmt of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida 201301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otten ABC, Sallevelt SCEH, Carling PJ, Dreesen JCFM, Drüsedau M, Spierts S, Paulussen ADC, de Die-Smulders CEM, Herbert M, Chinnery PF, Samuels DC, Lindsey P, Smeets HJM. Mutation-specific effects in germline transmission of pathogenic mtDNA variants. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1331-1341. [PMID: 29850888 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does germline selection (besides random genetic drift) play a role during the transmission of heteroplasmic pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in humans? SUMMARY ANSWER We conclude that inheritance of mtDNA is mutation-specific and governed by a combination of random genetic drift and negative and/or positive selection. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY mtDNA inherits maternally through a genetic bottleneck, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Although random genetic drift is recognized as an important mechanism, selection mechanisms are thought to play a role as well. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We determined the mtDNA mutation loads in 160 available oocytes, zygotes, and blastomeres of five carriers of the m.3243A>G mutation, one carrier of the m.8993T>G mutation, and one carrier of the m.14487T>C mutation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mutation loads were determined in PGD samples using PCR assays and analysed mathematically to test for random sampling effects. In addition, a meta-analysis has been performed on mutation load transmission data in the literature to confirm the results of the PGD samples. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE By applying the Kimura distribution, which assumes random mechanisms, we found that mtDNA segregations patterns could be explained by variable bottleneck sizes among all our carriers (moment estimates ranging from 10 to 145). Marked differences in the bottleneck size would determine the probability that a carrier produces offspring with mutations markedly different than her own. We investigated whether bottleneck sizes might also be influenced by non-random mechanisms. We noted a consistent absence of high mutation loads in all our m.3243A>G carriers, indicating non-random events. To test this, we fitted a standard and a truncated Kimura distribution to the m.3243A>G segregation data. A Kimura distribution truncated at 76.5% heteroplasmy has a significantly better fit (P-value = 0.005) than the standard Kimura distribution. For the m.8993T>G mutation, we suspect a skewed mutation load distribution in the offspring. To test this hypothesis, we performed a meta-analysis on published blood mutation levels of offspring-mother (O-M) transmission for the m.3243A>G and m.8993T>G mutations. This analysis revealed some evidence that the O-M ratios for the m.8993T>G mutation are different from zero (P-value <0.001), while for the m.3243A>G mutation there was little evidence that the O-M ratios are non-zero. Lastly, for the m.14487T>G mutation, where the whole range of mutation loads was represented, we found no indications for selective events during its transmission. LARGE SCALE DATA All data are included in the Results section of this article. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The availability of human material for the mutations is scarce, requiring additional samples to confirm our findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data show that non-random mechanisms are involved during mtDNA segregation. We aimed to provide the mechanisms underlying these selection events. One explanation for selection against high m.3243A>G mutation loads could be, as previously reported, a pronounced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency at high mutation loads, which prohibits oogenesis (e.g. progression through meiosis). No maximum mutation loads of the m.8993T>G mutation seem to exist, as the OXPHOS deficiency is less severe, even at levels close to 100%. In contrast, high mutation loads seem to be favoured, probably because they lead to an increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), a hallmark on which healthy mitochondria are being selected. This hypothesis could provide a possible explanation for the skewed segregation pattern observed. Our findings are corroborated by the segregation pattern of the m.14487T>C mutation, which does not affect OXPHOS and MMP significantly, and its transmission is therefore predominantly determined by random genetic drift. Our conclusion is that mutation-specific selection mechanisms occur during mtDNA inheritance, which has implications for PGD and mitochondrial replacement therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology. The authors declare no competing interests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auke B C Otten
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Phillippa J Carling
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield institute for translational neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spierts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mary Herbert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baide-Mairena H, Gaudó P, Marti-Sánchez L, Emperador S, Sánchez-Montanez A, Alonso-Luengo O, Correa M, Grau AM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Artuch R, Vázquez E, Del Toro M, Garrido-Pérez N, Ruiz-Pesini E, Montoya J, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Pérez-Dueñas B. Mutations in the mitochondrial complex I assembly factor NDUFAF6 cause isolated bilateral striatal necrosis and progressive dystonia in childhood. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:250-258. [PMID: 30642748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To perform a deep phenotype characterisation in a pedigree of 3 siblings with Leigh syndrome and compound heterozygous NDUFAF6 mutations. METHOD A multi-gene panel of childhood-onset basal ganglia neurodegeneration inherited conditions was analysed followed by functional studies in fibroblasts. RESULTS Three siblings developed gait dystonia in infancy followed by rapid progression to generalised dystonia and psychomotor regression. Brain magnetic resonance showed symmetric and bilateral cytotoxic lesions in the putamen and proliferation of the lenticular-striate arteries, latter spreading to the caudate and progressing to cavitation and volume loss. We identified a frameshift novel change (c.554_558delTTCTT; p.Tyr187AsnfsTer65) and a pathogenic missense change (c.371T>C; p.Ile124Thr) in the NDUFAF6 gene, which segregated with an autosomal recessive inheritance within the family. Patient mutations were associated with the absence of the NDUFAF6 protein and reduced activity and assembly of mature complex I in fibroblasts. By functional complementation assay, the mutant phenotype was rescued by the canonical version of the NDUFAF6. A literature review of 14 NDUFAF6 patients showed a consistent phenotype of an early childhood insidious onset neurological regression with prominent dystonia associated with basal ganglia degeneration and long survival. INTERPRETATION NDUFAF6-related Leigh syndrome is a relevant cause of childhood onset dystonia and isolated bilateral striatal necrosis. By genetic complementation, we could demonstrate the pathogenicity of novel genetic variants in NDUFAF6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Baide-Mairena
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Unitat Docent Vall d'Hebrón, Spain
| | - Paula Gaudó
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Marti-Sánchez
- Clinical Biochemistry Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERER, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Olga Alonso-Luengo
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Correa
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marcè Grau
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Institut de Recerca - Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elida Vázquez
- Neuroradiology Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Del Toro
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Garrido-Pérez
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERER, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departament of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zaragoza University-Sanitary Research Institute of Aragon (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERER, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron - Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Unitat Docent Vall d'Hebrón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhong S, Wen S, Qiu Y, Yu Y, Xin L, He Y, Gao X, Fang H, Hong D, Zhang J. Bilateral striatal necrosis due to homoplasmic mitochondrial 3697G>A mutation presents with incomplete penetrance and sex bias. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e541. [PMID: 30623604 PMCID: PMC6418351 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heteroplasmic mitochondrial 3697G>A mutation has been associated with leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS), and LHON/MELAS overlap syndrome. However, homoplasmic m.3697G>A mutation was only found in a family with Leigh syndrome, and the phenotype and pathogenicity of this homoplasmic mutation still need to be investigated in new patients. Methods The clinical interviews were conducted in 12 individuals from a multiple‐generation inherited family. Mutations were screened through exome next‐generation sequencing and subsequently confirmed by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mitochondrial complex activities and ATP production rate were measured by biochemical analysis. Results The male offspring with bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) were characterized by severe spastic dystonia and complete penetrance, while the female offspring presented with mild symptom and low penetrance. All offspring carried homoplasmic mutation of NC_012920.1: m.3697G>A, p.(Gly131Ser). Biochemical analysis revealed an isolated defect of complex I, but the magnitude of the defect was higher in the male patients than that in the female ones. The ATP production rate also exhibited a similar pattern. However, no possible modifier genes on the X chromosome were identified. Conclusion Homoplasmic m.3697G>A mutation could be associated with BSN, which expanded the clinical spectrum of m.3697G>A. Our preliminary investigations had not found the underlying modifiers to support the double hit hypothesis, while the high level of estrogens in the female patients might exert a potential compensatory effect on mutant cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yusen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Xin
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thulliez M, Laudier B, Vignal-Clermont C, Hardy G, Bonicel P. Nouvelle mutation de l’ADN mitochondrial dans la neuropathie optique héréditaire de Leber : à propos d’un cas. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:e293-e299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Sallevelt SCEH, Dreesen JCFM, Drüsedau M, Hellebrekers DMEI, Paulussen ADC, Coonen E, van Golde RJT, Geraedts JPM, Gianaroli L, Magli MC, Zeviani M, Smeets HJM, de Die-Smulders CEM. PGD for the m.14487 T>C mitochondrial DNA mutation resulted in the birth of a healthy boy. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:698-703. [PMID: 28122886 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the first PGD performed for the m.14487 T>C mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in the MT-ND6 gene, associated with Leigh syndrome. The female carrier gave birth to a healthy baby boy at age 42. This case adds to the successes of PGD for mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph C F M Dreesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Drüsedau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee D C Paulussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J T van Golde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P M Geraedts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Gianaroli
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione (S.I.S.Me.R.), Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria C Magli
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Società Italiana Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione (S.I.S.Me.R.), Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hill Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Via Giovanni Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Contribution of the MRPS22 variant and a Down mosaic to the phenotype. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:11-12. [PMID: 28963669 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Complete elimination of a pathogenic homoplasmic mtDNA mutation in one generation. Mitochondrion 2018; 45:18-21. [PMID: 29408632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been implicated in a wide variety of neurological conditions and are maternally inherited through a complex process which is not fully understood. Genetic counselling for mitochondrial conditions secondary to a mtDNA mutation can be challenging as it is not currently possible to accurately predict the mutational load/heteroplasmy of the mutation which could be passed to the offspring. In general, one expects that the higher the level of heteroplasmy the more likely that the same mtDNA mutation will be seen in the offspring. We report here a family which places a caveat on genetic counselling for mtDNA disorders. The proband is a 63 year old woman with m.14459G>A associated dystonia/spasticity/ataxia. The m.14459G>A mutation was detected at homoplasmic/near homoplasmic levels in her muscle tissue and fibroblasts, but did not appear to have been passed on to any of her offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete selection against a homoplasmic variant within maternally transmitted mtDNA. It is not clear if this novel phenomenon occurred by random chance or by another method of mitochondrial selection.
Collapse
|
11
|
Finsterer J, Mancuso M, Pareyson D, Burgunder JM, Klopstock T. Mitochondrial disorders of the retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve. Mitochondrion 2017; 42:1-10. [PMID: 29054473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise and discuss recent findings and future perspectives concerning mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) affecting the retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve (mitochondrial optic neuropathy. MON). METHOD Literature review. RESULTS MON in MIDs is more frequent than usually anticipated. MON may occur in specific as well as non-specific MIDs. In specific and non-specific MIDs, MON may be a prominent or non-prominent phenotypic feature and due to mutations in genes located either in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or the nuclear DNA (nDNA). Clinically, MON manifests with painless, bilateral or unilateral, slowly or rapidly progressive visual impairment and visual field defects. In some cases, visual impairment may spontaneously recover. The most frequent MIDs with MON include LHON due to mutations in mtDNA-located genes and autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) or autosomal recessive optic atrophy (AROA) due to mutations in nuclear genes. Instrumental investigations for diagnosing MON include fundoscopy, measurement of visual acuity, visual fields, and color vision, visually-evoked potentials, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, electroretinography, and MRI of the orbita and cerebrum. In non-prominent MON, work-up of the muscle biopsy with transmission electron microscopy may indicate mitochondrial destruction. Treatment is mostly supportive but idebenone has been approved for LHON and experimental approaches are promising. CONCLUSIONS MON needs to be appreciated, requires extensive diagnostic work-up, and supportive treatment should be applied although loss of vision, as the most severe outcome, can often not be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, C. Besta Neurological Institute, IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Sichuan University, Chendgu, China.
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mitochondrial tRNA genes are hotspots for mutations in a cohort of patients with exercise intolerance and mitochondrial myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2017; 379:137-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Hirayanagi K, Okamoto Y, Takai E, Ishizawa K, Makioka K, Fujita Y, Kaneko Y, Tanaka M, Takashima H, Ikeda Y. Bilateral striatal necrosis caused by a founder mitochondrial 14459G > A mutation in two independent Japanese families. J Neurol Sci 2017; 378:177-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
14
|
Sallevelt SCEH, de Die-Smulders CEM, Hendrickx ATM, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Coo IFM, Alston CL, Knowles C, Taylor RW, McFarland R, Smeets HJM. De novo mtDNA point mutations are common and have a low recurrence risk. J Med Genet 2016; 54:73-83. [PMID: 27450679 PMCID: PMC5502310 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe, disease-causing germline mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations are maternally inherited or arise de novo. Strategies to prevent transmission are generally available, but depend on recurrence risks, ranging from high/unpredictable for many familial mtDNA point mutations to very low for sporadic, large-scale single mtDNA deletions. Comprehensive data are lacking for de novo mtDNA point mutations, often leading to misconceptions and incorrect counselling regarding recurrence risk and reproductive options. We aim to study the relevance and recurrence risk of apparently de novo mtDNA point mutations. Methods Systematic study of prenatal diagnosis (PND) and recurrence of mtDNA point mutations in families with de novo cases, including new and published data. ‘De novo’ based on the absence of the mutation in multiple (postmitotic) maternal tissues is preferred, but mutations absent in maternal blood only were also included. Results In our series of 105 index patients (33 children and 72 adults) with (likely) pathogenic mtDNA point mutations, the de novo frequency was 24.6%, the majority being paediatric. PND was performed in subsequent pregnancies of mothers of four de novo cases. A fifth mother opted for preimplantation genetic diagnosis because of a coexisting Mendelian genetic disorder. The mtDNA mutation was absent in all four prenatal samples and all 11 oocytes/embryos tested. A literature survey revealed 137 de novo cases, but PND was only performed for 9 (including 1 unpublished) mothers. In one, recurrence occurred in two subsequent pregnancies, presumably due to germline mosaicism. Conclusions De novo mtDNA point mutations are a common cause of mtDNA disease. Recurrence risk is low. This is relevant for genetic counselling, particularly for reproductive options. PND can be offered for reassurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C E H Sallevelt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra T M Hendrickx
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School for Cardiovascular Diseases in Maastricht, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eckenweiler M, Catarino CB, Gallenmueller C, Klopstock T, Lagrèze WA, Korinthenberg R, Kirschner J. Mitochondrial DNA mutation 14487T>C manifesting as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. J Neurol 2015; 262:2776-9. [PMID: 26530508 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Center for Pediatrics Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - C B Catarino
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - C Gallenmueller
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - T Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen Klinik, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - W A Lagrèze
- Eye Center at the Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - R Korinthenberg
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Center for Pediatrics Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - J Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Center for Pediatrics Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miller DK, Menezes MJ, Simons C, Riley LG, Cooper ST, Grimmond SM, Thorburn DR, Christodoulou J, Taft RJ. Rapid identification of a novel complex I MT-ND3 m.10134C>A mutation in a Leigh syndrome patient. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104879. [PMID: 25118196 PMCID: PMC4130626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare progressive multi-system neurodegenerative disorder, the genetics of which is frequently difficult to resolve. Rapid determination of the genetic etiology of LS in a 5-year-old girl facilitated inclusion in Edison Pharmaceutical's phase 2B clinical trial of EPI-743. SNP-arrays and high-coverage whole exome sequencing were performed on the proband, both parents and three unaffected siblings. Subsequent multi-tissue targeted high-depth mitochondrial sequencing was performed using custom long-range PCR amplicons. Tissue-specific mutant load was also assessed by qPCR. Complex I was interrogated by spectrophotometric enzyme assays and Western Blot. No putatively causal mutations were identified in nuclear-encoded genes. Analysis of low-coverage off-target mitochondrial reads revealed a previously unreported mitochondrial mutation in the proband in MT-ND3 (m.10134C>A, p.Q26K), a Complex I mitochondrial gene previously associated with LS. Targeted investigations demonstrated that this mutation was 1% heteroplasmic in the mother's blood and homoplasmic in the proband's blood, fibroblasts, liver and muscle. Enzyme assays revealed decreased Complex I activity. The identification of this novel LS MT-ND3 variant, the genomics of which was accomplished in less than 3.5 weeks, indicates that rapid genomic approaches may prove useful in time-sensitive cases with an unresolved genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Minal J. Menezes
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Riley
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra T. Cooper
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Westmead New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan J. Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McKernan KJ, Spangler J, Zhang L, Tadigotla V, McLaughlin S, Warner J, Zare A, Boles RG. Expanded genetic codes in next generation sequencing enable decontamination and mitochondrial enrichment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96492. [PMID: 24788618 PMCID: PMC4008621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a PCR method, coined Déjà vu PCR, that utilizes six nucleotides in PCR with two methyl specific restriction enzymes that respectively digest these additional nucleotides. Use of this enzyme-and-nucleotide combination enables what we term a “DNA diode”, where DNA can advance in a laboratory in only one direction and cannot feedback into upstream assays. Here we describe aspects of this method that enable consecutive amplification with the introduction of a 5th and 6th base while simultaneously providing methylation dependent mitochondrial DNA enrichment. These additional nucleotides enable a novel DNA decontamination technique that generates ephemeral and easy to decontaminate DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. McKernan
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Spangler
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vasisht Tadigotla
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen McLaughlin
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jason Warner
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amir Zare
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Boles
- Courtagen Life Sciences, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Horan MP, Cooper DN. The emergence of the mitochondrial genome as a partial regulator of nuclear function is providing new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying age-related complex disease. Hum Genet 2013; 133:435-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|