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Kovilakath A, Mauro AG, Valentine Y, Raucci F, Jamil M, Carter C, Thompson J, Chen Q, Gisela B, Yue Y, Allegood J, Wang XX, Dail J, Devarakonda T, Myakala K, Windle JJ, Subler MA, Montefusco D, Willard B, Javaheri A, Bernas T, Mahata SK, Levi M, Liu J, Porter GA, Lesnefsky EJ, Salloum FN, Cowart LA. SPTLC3 Is Essential for Complex I Activity and Contributes to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2024. [PMID: 38660786 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated metabolism of bioactive sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, although the specific species, disease contexts, and cellular roles are not completely understood. Sphingolipids are produced by the serine palmitoyltransferase enzyme, canonically composed of 2 subunits, SPTLC1 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1) and SPTLC2 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2). Noncanonical sphingolipids are produced by a more recently described subunit, SPTLC3 (serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3). METHODS The noncanonical (d16) and canonical (d18) sphingolipidome profiles in cardiac tissues of patients with end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy and in mice with ischemic cardiomyopathy were analyzed by targeted lipidomics. Regulation of SPTLC3 by HIF1α under ischemic conditions was determined with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, echocardiography, mitochondrial electron transport chain, mitochondrial membrane fluidity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in the cSPTLC3KO transgenic mice we generated. Furthermore, morphological and functional studies were performed on cSPTLC3KO mice subjected to permanent nonreperfused myocardial infarction. RESULTS Herein, we report that SPTLC3 is induced in both human and mouse models of ischemic cardiomyopathy and leads to production of atypical sphingolipids bearing 16-carbon sphingoid bases, resulting in broad changes in cell sphingolipid composition. This induction is in part attributable to transcriptional regulation by HIF1α under ischemic conditions. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific depletion of SPTLC3 in mice attenuates oxidative stress, fibrosis, and hypertrophy in chronic ischemia, and mice demonstrate improved cardiac function and increased survival along with increased ketone and glucose substrate metabolism utilization. Depletion of SPTLC3 mechanistically alters the membrane environment and subunit composition of mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain, decreasing its activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a novel essential role for SPTLC3 in electron transport chain function and a contribution to ischemic injury by regulating complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (A.K., M.J., J.J.W., M.A.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Adolfo G Mauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
| | - Yolander Valentine
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research (Y.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Frank Raucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (F.R.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (A.K., M.J., J.J.W., M.A.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Christiane Carter
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (C.C., J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
| | | | - Yang Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (X.X.W., K.M., M.L.)
| | - Jordan Dail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Teja Devarakonda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (T.D., E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (X.X.W., K.M., M.L.)
| | - Jolene J Windle
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (A.K., M.J., J.J.W., M.A.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.J.W., J.L., F.N.S., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Mark A Subler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics (A.K., M.J., J.J.W., M.A.S.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - David Montefusco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Laboratory Resource, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (B.W.)
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.J.)
- St. Louis Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, MO (A.J.)
| | - Tytus Bernas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (T.B.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Veterans' Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California San Diego, (S.K.M)
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (X.X.W., K.M., M.L.)
| | - Jinze Liu
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (C.C., J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.J.W., J.L., F.N.S., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - George A Porter
- Department of Pediatrics (G.B., G.A.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (G.A.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (G.A.P.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics (T.D., E.J.L.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
- Richmond Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, VA (E.J.L., L.A.C.)
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.J.W., J.L., F.N.S., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA (A.G.M., J.T., Q.C., T.D., E.J.L., F.N.S.)
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Y.V., Y.Y., J.A., J.D., D.M., E.J.L., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.J.W., J.L., F.N.S., L.A.C.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
- Richmond Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, VA (E.J.L., L.A.C.)
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction: two distinct populations of mitochondria versus a combined population. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H385-H395. [PMID: 38099846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00363.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function in aged hearts is impaired, and studies of isolated mitochondria are commonly used to assess their function. The two populations of cardiac mitochondria, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM), are affected by aging. However, the yield of these mitochondria, particularly SSM, is limited in the mouse heart because of the smaller heart size. To address this issue, the authors developed a method to isolate a mixed population (MIX) of SSM and IFM mitochondria from a single mouse heart. The aim of the study was to compare the mitochondrial function between SSM, IFM, and the MIX population from young and aged mouse hearts. The MIX population had a higher yield of total protein and citrate synthase activity from both young and aged hearts compared with the individual yields of SSM or IFM. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) decreased in aged SSM and IFM compared with young SSM and IFM, as well as in the MIX population isolated from aged hearts compared with young hearts, when using complex I or IV substrates. Furthermore, aging barely affected the sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening in SSM, whereas the sensitivity was increased in IFM isolated from aged hearts and in the MIX population from aged hearts compared with the corresponding populations isolated from young hearts. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction exists in aged hearts and the isolation of a MIX population of mitochondria from the mouse heart is a potential approach to studying mitochondrial function in the mouse heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed two methods to isolate mitochondria from a single mouse heart. We compared mitochondrial function in young and aged mice using mitochondria isolated with different methods. Both methods can be successfully used to isolate cardiac mitochondria from single mouse hearts. Our results provide the flexibility to isolate mitochondria from a single mouse heart based on the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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Chen Q, Li L, Samidurai A, Thompson J, Hu Y, Willard B, Lesnefsky EJ. Acute endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced mitochondria respiratory chain damage: The role of activated calpains. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23404. [PMID: 38197290 PMCID: PMC11032170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301158rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The induction of acute endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress damages the electron transport chain (ETC) in cardiac mitochondria. Activation of mitochondria-localized calpain 1 (CPN1) and calpain 2 (CPN2) impairs the ETC in pathological conditions, including aging and ischemia-reperfusion in settings where ER stress is increased. We asked if the activation of calpains causes the damage to the ETC during ER stress. Control littermate and CPNS1 (calpain small regulatory subunit 1) deletion mice were used in the current study. CPNS1 is an essential subunit required to maintain CPN1 and CPN2 activities, and deletion of CPNS1 prevents their activation. Tunicamycin (TUNI, 0.4 mg/kg) was used to induce ER stress in C57BL/6 mice. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated after 72 h of TUNI treatment. ER stress was increased in both control littermate and CPNS1 deletion mice with TUNI treatment. The TUNI treatment activated both cytosolic and mitochondrial CPN1 and 2 (CPN1/2) in control but not in CPNS1 deletion mice. TUNI treatment led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation and complex I activity in control but not in CPNS1 deletion mice compared to vehicle. The contents of complex I subunits, including NDUFV2 and ND5, were decreased in control but not in CPNS1 deletion mice. TUNI treatment also led to decreased oxidation through cytochrome oxidase (COX) only in control mice. Proteomic study showed that subunit 2 of COX was decreased in control but not in CPNS1 deletion mice. Our results provide a direct link between activation of CPN1/2 and complex I and COX damage during acute ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Meshrkey F, Scheulin KM, Littlejohn CM, Stabach J, Saikia B, Thorat V, Huang Y, LaFramboise T, Lesnefsky EJ, Rao RR, West FD, Iyer S. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients carrying mitochondrial mutations exhibit altered bioenergetics and aberrant differentiation potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:320. [PMID: 37936209 PMCID: PMC10631039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with common to rare mitochondrial disorders, which are multisystemic with complex clinical pathologies. The pathologies of these diseases are poorly understood and have no FDA-approved treatments leading to symptom management. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a pediatric mitochondrial disorder that affects the central nervous system during early development and causes death in infancy. Since there are no adequate models for understanding the rapid fatality associated with LS, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has been recognized as a useful approach to generate patient-specific stem cells for disease modeling and understanding the origins of the phenotype. METHODS hiPSCs were generated from control BJ and four disease fibroblast lines using a cocktail of non-modified reprogramming and immune evasion mRNAs and microRNAs. Expression of hiPSC-associated intracellular and cell surface markers was identified by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Karyotyping of hiPSCs was performed with cytogenetic analysis. Sanger and next-generation sequencing were used to detect and quantify the mutation in all hiPSCs. The mitochondrial respiration ability and glycolytic function were measured by the Seahorse Bioscience XFe96 extracellular flux analyzer. RESULTS Reprogrammed hiPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers including transcription factors POU5F1, NANOG and SOX2 and cell surface markers SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 at the protein level. Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of mutations in all reprogrammed hiPSCs. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated the variable presence of mutant mtDNA in reprogrammed hiPSCs. Cytogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of normal karyotype in all reprogrammed hiPSCs. Patient-derived hiPSCs demonstrated decreased maximal mitochondrial respiration, while mitochondrial ATP production was not significantly different between the control and disease hiPSCs. In line with low maximal respiration, the spare respiratory capacity was lower in all the disease hiPSCs. The hiPSCs also demonstrated neural and cardiac differentiation potential. CONCLUSION Overall, the hiPSCs exhibited variable mitochondrial dysfunction that may alter their differentiation potential and provide key insights into clinically relevant developmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fibi Meshrkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Littlejohn
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joshua Stabach
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Bibhuti Saikia
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Vedant Thorat
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Cardiology Section Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Chen Q, Kovilakath A, Allegood J, Thompson J, Hu Y, Cowart LA, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during aging: Role of sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159366. [PMID: 37473835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the regulation of protein folding, lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and serves as a primary site of sphingolipid biosynthesis. ER stress (ER dysfunction) participates in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction during aging. Mitochondria are in close contact with the ER through shared mitochondria associated membranes (MAM). Alteration of sphingolipids contributes to mitochondria-driven cell injury. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid that is critical to maintain enzyme activity in the electron transport chain. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in sphingolipids and cardiolipin in ER, MAM, and mitochondria during the progression of aging in young (3 mo.), middle (18 mo.), and aged (24 mo.) C57Bl/6 mouse hearts. ER stress increased in hearts from 18 mo. mice and mice exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction by 24 mo. Hearts were pooled to isolate ER, MAM, and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM). LC-MS/MS quantification of lipid content showed that aging increased ceramide content in ER and MAM. In addition, the contents of sphingomyelin and monohexosylceramides are also increased in the ER from aged mice. Aging increased the total cardiolipin content in the ER. Aging did not alter the total cardiolipin content in mitochondria or MAM yet altered the composition of cardiolipin with aging in line with increased oxidative stress compared to young mice. These results indicate that alteration of sphingolipids can contribute to the ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America.
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of peroxiredoxins in aged hearts. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111859. [PMID: 37661065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cardiovascular disease is influenced by multiple factors, with oxidative stress being a key contributor. Aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exacerbates oxidative stress by impairing mitochondrial function. Furthermore, a decline in antioxidants, including peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), augments the oxidative stress during aging. To explore if ER stress leads to PRDX degradation during aging, young adult (3 mo.) and aged (24 mo.) male mice were studied. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to alleviate ER stress in young adult and aged mice. Aged hearts showed elevated oxidative stress levels compared to young hearts. However, treatment with 4-PBA to attenuate ER stress reduced oxidative stress in aged hearts, indicating that ER stress contributes to increased oxidative stress in aging. Moreover, aging resulted in reduced levels of peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) in mitochondria and peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in myocardium. While 4-PBA treatment improved PRDX3 content in aged hearts, it did not restore PRDX4 content in aged mice. These findings suggest that ER stress not only leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress but also impairs a vital antioxidant defense through decreased PRDX3 content. Additionally, the results suggest that PRDX4 may contribute an upstream role in inducing ER stress during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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Bates L, Krause-Hauch M, Wang H, Fatmi MK, Li Z, Chen Q, Ren D, Li J, Lesnefsky EJ. Acute, High Dose Metformin Therapy at Reperfusion Decreases Infarct Size in the High-Risk Aging Heart. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1488-1491. [PMID: 37196121 PMCID: PMC10529738 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients (age > 75) sustain larger infarcts with greater mortality from ST elevation myocardial infarcts (STEMI) despite successful reperfusion treatment. Elderly age remains an independent risk despite correction for clinical and angiographic variables. The elderly represent a high-risk population and may benefit from treatment in addition to reperfusion alone. We hypothesized that modulation of cardiac signaling and metabolism with acute, high dose metformin given at reperfusion would exhibit additional cardioprotection. Using a translational aging murine model (22-24-month C57BL/6J mice) of in vivo STEMI (45 min artery occlusion with reperfusion for 24 hours); treatment acutely at reperfusion by high dose metformin decreased infarct size and enhanced contractile recovery, demonstrating cardioprotection in the high-risk aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Bates
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Meredith Krause-Hauch
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Mohammad Kasim Fatmi
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Zehui Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Medical Service, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
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Quader M, Akande O, Cholyway R, Lesnefsky EJ, Toldo S, Chen Q. Infarct Size With Incremental Global Myocardial Ischemia Times: Cyclosporine A in Donation After Circulatory Death Rat Hearts. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1495-1503. [PMID: 37422374 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We quantified the myocardial infarct size with varying global ischemia durations and studied the benefits of Cyclosporine A (CyA) in reducing cardiac injury in ex vivo and transplanted rat hearts. METHODS Infarct size was measured after 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 minutes of in vivo global ischemia (n = 34) and compared with control beating-heart donor (CBD) hearts (n = 10). For heart function assessment, donation after circulatory death (DCD) rat hearts (n = 20) were procured after 25 minutes of in vivo ischemia and reanimated ex vivo for 90 minutes. Half of the DCD hearts received CyA (0.5 mM) at reanimation. The CBD hearts (n = 10) served as controls. A separate group of CBD and DCD (with or without CyA treatment) hearts underwent heterotopic heart transplantation; heart function was measured at 48 hours. RESULTS Infarct size was 25% with 25 minutes of ischemia and increased significantly with 30 and 35 minutes to 32% and 41%, respectively. CyA treatment decreased infarct size in DCD hearts (15% vs 25%). Heart function in the transplanted DCD hearts was significantly better with CyA treatment and was comparable to CBD hearts. CONCLUSIONS CyA administered at reperfusion limited infarct size in DCD hearts and improved their function in transplanted hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Quader
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Oluwatoyin Akande
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Renee Cholyway
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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9
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Li Z, Wang H, Zoungrana LI, James A, Slotabec L, Didik S, Fatmi MK, Krause-Hauch M, Lesnefsky EJ, Li J. Administration of metformin rescues age-related vulnerability to ischemic insults through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 659:46-53. [PMID: 37031594 PMCID: PMC10190118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death on a global scale. Despite significant advances in the reperfusion treatment of acute myocardial infarction, there is still a significant early mortality rate among the elderly, as angioplasty-achieved reperfusion can exacerbate myocardial damage, leading to severe ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and induce fatal arrhythmias. Mitochondria are a key mediator of ischemic insults; a transient blockade of the electron transport chain (ETC) at complex I during reperfusion can reduce myocardial infarct caused by ischemic insults. The reversible, transient modulation of complex I during early reperfusion is limited by the available of clinically tractable agents. We employed the novel use of acute, high dose metformin to modulate complex I activity during early reperfusion to decrease cardiac injury in the high-risk aged heart. Young (3-6 months) and aged (22-24 months) male and female C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to in vivo regional ischemia for 45 min, followed by metformin (2 mM, i. v.) injection 5 min prior to reperfusion for 24 h. The cardiac functions were measured with echocardiography. A Seahorse XF24 Analyzer was used to ascertain mitochondrial function. Cardiomyocyte sarcomere shortening and calcium transients were measured using the IonOptix Calcium and Contractility System. The results demonstrated that administration of acute, high dose metformin at the onset of reperfusion significantly limited cardiac damage and rescued cardiac dysfunction caused by I/R in both young and aged mice. Importantly, metformin treatment improves contractile functions of isolated cardiomyocytes and maintains mitochondrial integrity under I/R stress conditions. Thus, acute metformin administration at the onset of reperfusion has potential as a mitochondrial-based therapeutic to mitigate reperfusion injury and reduce infarct size in the elderly heart attack patient who remains at greater mortality risk despite reperfusion alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Linda Ines Zoungrana
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adewale James
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lily Slotabec
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven Didik
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad Kasim Fatmi
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Meredith Krause-Hauch
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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10
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Quader M, Chen Q, Akande O, Cholyway R, Mezzaroma E, Lesnefsky EJ, Toldo S. Electron Transport Chain Inhibition to Decrease Injury in Transplanted Donation After Circulatory Death Rat Hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:389-391. [PMID: 36995087 PMCID: PMC10486344 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts sustain ischemic damage and are not routinely used for heart transplantation. DCD heart injury, particularly reperfusion injury, is primarily mediated by releasing reactive oxygen species from the damaged mitochondria (complex I of the electron transport chain). Amobarbital (AMO) is a transient inhibitor of complex I and is known to reduce releasing reactive oxygen species generation. We studied the beneficial effects of AMO in transplanted DCD hearts. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 4 groups-DCD or DCD + AMO donors and control beating-heart donors (CBD) or CBD + AMO donors (n = 6-8 each). Anesthetized rats were connected to a ventilator. The right carotid artery was cannulated, heparin and vecuronium were administered. The DCD process started by disconnecting the ventilator. DCD hearts were procured after 25 minutes of in-vivo ischemia, whereas CBD hearts were procured without ischemia. At procurement, all donor hearts received 10 mL of University of Wisconsin cardioplegia solution. The CBD + AMO and DCD + AMO groups received AMO (2 mM) dissolved in cardioplegia. Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed by anastomosing the donor aorta and pulmonary artery to the recipient's abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. After 14 days, transplanted heart function was measured with a balloon tip catheter placed in the left ventricle. Compared with CBD hearts, DCD hearts had significantly lower developed pressure. AMO treatment significantly improved cardiac function in DCD hearts. Treatment of DCD hearts at the time of reperfusion with AMO resulted in an improvement of transplanted heart function that was comparable with the CBD hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Quader
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Oluwatoyin Akande
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Renee Cholyway
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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11
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Chen Q, Meléndez GC, Lesnefsky EJ. New Insight Into Cardioprotection From Anthracyclines: Still Converging on the Mitochondria. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:374-376. [PMID: 37397073 PMCID: PMC10308034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Giselle C. Meléndez
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Medical Service of the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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12
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Fatmi MK, Ren D, Fedorova J, Zoungrana LI, Wang H, Davitt K, Li Z, Iglesias M, Lesnefsky EJ, Krause‐Hauch M, Li J. Cardiomyocyte Pdk4 response is associated with metabolic maladaptation in aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13800. [PMID: 36797808 PMCID: PMC10086528 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death, with age range being the primary factor for development. The mechanisms by which aging increases vulnerability to ischemic insult are not well understood. We aim to use single-cell RNA sequencing to discover transcriptional differences in various cell types between aged and young mice, which may contribute to aged-related vulnerability to ischemic insult. Utilizing 10× Genomics Single-Cell RNA sequencing, we were able to complete bioinformatic analysis to identity novel differential gene expression. During the analysis of our collected samples, we detected Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (Pdk4) expression to be remarkably differentially expressed. Particularly in cardiomyocyte cell populations, Pdk4 was found to be significantly upregulated in the young mouse population compared to the aged mice under ischemic/reperfusion conditions. Pdk4 is responsible for inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, resulting in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Due to decreased Pdk4 expression in aged cardiomyocytes, there may be an increased reliance on glucose oxidization for energy. Through biochemical metabolomics analysis, it was observed that there is a greater abundance of pyruvate in young hearts in contrast to their aged counterparts, indicating less glycolytic activity. We believe that Pdk4 response provides valuable insight towards mechanisms that allow for the young heart to handle ischemic insult stress more effectively than the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Ren
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kayla Davitt
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Zehui Li
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Meredith Krause‐Hauch
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans' HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of SurgeryMorsani College of MedicineTampaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans' HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
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13
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Iglesias M, Wang H, Krause-Hauch M, Ren D, Zoungrana LI, Li Z, Zhang J, Wei J, Yadav N, Patel K, Fatmi MK, Liu R, Lesnefsky EJ, Li J. Sestrin2 Mediates Metformin Rescued the Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunctions of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3. Cells 2023; 12:845. [PMID: 36980186 PMCID: PMC10047033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to acute cardiac injury and dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome Type 3 (CRS3) through oxidative stress (OS). The stress-inducible Sestrin2 (Sesn2) protein reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) to regulate cellular metabolism and energetics during OS. Sesn2 levels and its protective effects decline in the aged heart. Antidiabetic drug metformin upregulates Sesn2 levels in response to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) stress. However, the role of metformin in CRS3 remains unknown. This study seeks to explore how the age-related decrease in cardiac Sesn2 levels contributes to cardiac intolerance to AKI-induced insults, and how metformin ameliorates CRS3 through Sesn2. Young (3-5 months) and aged (21-23 months) C57BL/6J wild-type mice along with cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (cSesn2-/-) and their wild type of littermate (Sesn2f/f) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to AKI for 15 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Cardiac and mitochondrial functions were evaluated through echocardiograms and seahorse mitochondria respirational analysis. Renal and cardiac tissue was collected for histological analysis and immunoblotting. The results indicate that metformin could significantly rescue AKI-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury via Sesn2 through an improvement in systolic and diastolic function, fibrotic and cellular damage, and mitochondrial function in young, Sesn2f/f, and especially aged mice. Metformin significantly increased Sesn2 expression under AKI stress in the aged left-ventricular tissue. Thus, this study suggests that Sesn2 mediates the cardioprotective effects of metformin during post-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migdalia Iglesias
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Meredith Krause-Hauch
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Linda Ines Zoungrana
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Zehui Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Nikita Yadav
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kshama Patel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mohammad Kasim Fatmi
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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14
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Minowa K, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Suzuki M, Muto Y, Hirai S, Wang Y, Su L, Zhou H, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Mitamura K, Ikegawa S, Takei H, Nittono H, Fuchs M, Pandak WM, Kakiyama G. Insulin dysregulation drives mitochondrial cholesterol metabolite accumulation: Initiating hepatic toxicity in NAFLD. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100363. [PMID: 36966904 PMCID: PMC10182330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP7B1 catalyzes mitochondria-derived cholesterol metabolites such as (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol (26HC) and 3β-hydroxy-5-cholesten-(25R)26-oic acid (3βHCA) and facilitates their conversion to bile acids. Disruption of 26HC/3βHCA metabolism in the absence of CYP7B1 leads to neonatal liver failure. Disrupted 26HC/3βHCA metabolism with reduced hepatic CYP7B1 expression is also found in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The current study aimed to understand the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial cholesterol metabolites and their contribution to onset of NASH. We used Cyp7b1-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND), Western diet (WD), or high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Serum and liver cholesterol metabolites as well as hepatic gene expressions were comprehensively analyzed. Interestingly, 26HC/3βHCA levels were maintained at basal levels in ND-fed Cyp7b1-/- mice livers by the reduced cholesterol transport to mitochondria, and the upregulated glucuronidation and sulfation. However, WD-fed Cyp7b1-/- mice developed insulin resistance (IR) with subsequent 26HC/3βHCA accumulation due to overwhelmed glucuronidation/sulfation with facilitated mitochondrial cholesterol transport. Meanwhile, Cyp7b1-/- mice fed an HCD did not develop IR or subsequent evidence of liver toxicity. HCD-fed mice livers revealed marked cholesterol accumulation but no 26HC/3βHCA accumulation. The results suggest 26HC/3βHCA-induced cytotoxicity occurs when increased cholesterol transport into mitochondria is coupled to decreased 26HC/3βHCA metabolism driven with IR. Supportive evidence for cholesterol metabolite-driven hepatotoxicity is provided in a diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver mouse model and by human specimen analyses. This study uncovers an insulin-mediated regulatory pathway that drives the formation and accumulation of toxic cholesterol metabolites within the hepatocyte mitochondria, mechanistically connecting IR to cholesterol metabolite-induced hepatocyte toxicity which drives nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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15
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Mauro AG, Mezzaroma E, Toldo S, Melendez GC, Franco RL, Lesnefsky EJ, Abbate A, Hundley WG, Salloum FN. NLRP3-mediated inflammation in cardio-oncology: sterile yet harmful. Transl Res 2023; 252:9-20. [PMID: 35948198 PMCID: PMC9839540 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances and the continuous development of novel, effective therapies to treat a variety of malignancies, cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity has been identified as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality, closely competing with secondary malignancies. This unfortunate limitation has prompted the inception of the field of cardio-oncology with its purpose to provide the necessary knowledge and key information on mechanisms that support the use of the most efficacious cancer therapy with minimal or no interruption while paying close attention to preventing cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms that contribute to cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity have been proposed and studied. These mainly involve mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress, lysosomal damage, impaired autophagy, cell senescence, DNA damage, and sterile inflammation with the formation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we focus on describing the principal mechanisms for different classes of cancer therapies that lead to cardiotoxicity involving the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also summarize current evidence of cardio-protection with inflammasome inhibitors in the context of heart disease in general, and further highlight the potential application of this evidence for clinical translation in at risk patients for the purpose of preventing cancer therapy associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Mauro
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Giselle C Melendez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - R Lee Franco
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of the Medical Service of the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
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16
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Chen Q, Akande O, Lesnefsky EJ, Quader M. Influence of sex on global myocardial ischemia tolerance and mitochondrial function in circulatory death donor hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H57-H66. [PMID: 36426883 PMCID: PMC9762969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts are not routinely used for heart transplantation (HTx) because of ischemic damage, which is inherent to the DCD process. HTx outcomes are suboptimal in males who received female donor hearts. The exact mechanism for suboptimal outcomes from female donor hearts has not been defined. Differential susceptibility to ischemia tolerance, which would play a significant role in DCD donation, could be a reason but has not been studied. We studied the influence of sex on global myocardial ischemia tolerance and mitochondrial function. Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were assigned to DCD (n = 32) or control beating-heart donor (CBD, n = 28) groups. DCD hearts underwent 25 min of in vivo global myocardial ischemia and 90 min of ex vivo Krebs-Henseleit buffer perfusion at 37°C. CBD hearts were procured without ischemia. Infarct size was determined in hearts following 90 min of reperfusion, and in another set of hearts, mitochondrial function (oxidative-phosphorylation) was studied following 60 min of reperfusion. Infarct size was increased 3.3-fold in male and 3.1-fold in female DCD hearts compared with CBD hearts. However, infarct size (%) was comparable in female and male DCD hearts (male: 25.4 ± 3.7 vs. female 19.0 ± 3.3, P = NS). Oxidative phosphorylation was similarly decreased in male and female DCD hearts' mitochondria compared with CBD hearts' mitochondria. Thus, neither infarct size nor mitochondrial dysfunction was higher in female DCD hearts. These results suggest that the susceptibility to ischemia is not the reason for suboptimal HTx outcomes with female donor hearts.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study shows cardiac injury is not increased in female DCD hearts following global ischemia-reperfusion compared with male DCD hearts. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction with DCD ischemia-reperfusion is comparable in both sexes. Sex-specific immune responses and hormone receptor modulation may contribute to suboptimal outcomes in male HTx recipients with female donor hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Oluwatoyin Akande
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mohammed Quader
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Section, Surgical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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17
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Gorgey AS, Khalil RE, Alrubaye M, Gill R, Rivers J, Goetz LL, Cifu DX, Castillo T, Caruso D, Lavis TD, Lesnefsky EJ, Cardozo CC, Adler RA. Testosterone and long pulse width stimulation (TLPS) for denervated muscles after spinal cord injury: a study protocol of randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064748. [PMID: 36198461 PMCID: PMC9535184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long pulse width stimulation (LPWS; 120-150 ms) has the potential to stimulate denervated muscles and to restore muscle size in denervated people with spinal cord injury (SCI). We will determine if testosterone treatment (TT)+LPWS would increase skeletal muscle size, leg lean mass and improve overall metabolic health in persons with SCI with denervation. We hypothesise that the 1-year TT+LPWS will upregulate protein synthesis pathways, downregulate protein degradation pathways and increase overall mitochondrial health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Twenty-four male participants (aged 18-70 years with chronic SCI) with denervation of both knee extensor muscles and tolerance to the LPWS paradigm will be randomised into either TT+neuromuscular electrical stimulation via telehealth or TT+LPWS. The training sessions will be twice weekly for 1 year. Measurements will be conducted 1 week prior training (baseline; week 0), 6 months following training (postintervention 1) and 1 week after the end of 1 year of training (postintervention 2). Measurements will include body composition assessment using anthropometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry and MRI to measure size of different muscle groups. Metabolic profile will include measuring of basal metabolic rate, followed by blood drawn to measure fasting biomarkers similar to hemoglobin A1c, lipid panels, C reactive protein, interleukin-6 and free fatty acids and then intravenous glucose tolerance test to test for insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness. Finally, muscle biopsy will be captured to measure protein expression and intracellular signalling; and mitochondrial electron transport chain function. The participants will fill out 3 days dietary record to monitor their energy intake on a weekly basis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by Institutional Review Board of the McGuire Research Institute (ID # 02189). Dissemination plans will include the Veteran Health Administration and its practitioners, the national SCI/D services office, the general healthcare community and the veteran population, as well as the entire SCI community via submitting quarterly letters or peer-review articles. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03345576.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Refka E Khalil
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Malak Alrubaye
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ranjodh Gill
- Endocrine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeannie Rivers
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Lance L Goetz
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David X Cifu
- Physical Medicine and Rehab, Commonwealth of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Teodoro Castillo
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Deborah Caruso
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy D Lavis
- Spinal Cord Injury Service and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Cardiology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher C Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and Medical and Surgical Service, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Adler
- Endocrine Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Akande O, Chen Q, Cholyway R, Toldo S, Lesnefsky EJ, Quader M. Modulation of Mitochondrial Respiration During Early Reperfusion Reduces Cardiac Injury in Donation After Circulatory Death Hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:148-157. [PMID: 35579563 PMCID: PMC10441174 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors are a potential source for heart transplantation. The DCD process has unavoidable ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, primarily mediated through mitochondria, which limits routine utilization of hearts for transplantation. Amobarbital (AMO), a transient inhibitor of the electron transport chain, is known to decrease cardiac injury following ex vivo I/R. We studied whether AMO treatment during reperfusion can decrease injury in DCD hearts. Sprague Dawley rat hearts subjected to 25 minutes of in vivo ischemia (DCD hearts), or control beating donor hearts, were treated with AMO or vehicle for the first 5 minutes of reperfusion, followed by Krebs-Henseleit buffer reperfusion for 55 minutes (for mitochondrial isolation) or 85 minutes (for infarct size determination). Compared with vehicle, AMO treatment led to decreased infarct size (25.2% ± 1.5% vs. 31.5% ± 1.5%; P ≤ 0.05) and troponin I release (4.5 ± 0.05 ng/mL vs. 9.3 ± 0.24 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05). AMO treatment decreased H 2 O 2 generation with glutamate as complex I substrate in both subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) (37 ± 3.7 pmol·mg -1 ·min -1 vs. 56.9 ± 4.1 pmol·mg -1 ·min -1 ; P ≤ 0.05), and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) (31.8 ± 2.8 pmol·mg -1 ·min -1 vs. 46 ± 4.8 pmol·mg -1 ·min -1 ; P ≤ 0.05) and improved calcium retention capacity in SSM (360 ±17.2 nmol/mg vs. 277 ± 13 nmol/mg; P ≤ 0.05), and IFM (483 ± 20 nmol/mg vs. 377± 19 nmol/mg; P ≤ 0.05) compared with vehicle treatment. SSM and IFM retained more cytochrome c with AMO treatment compared with vehicle. In conclusion, brief inhibition of mitochondrial respiration during reperfusion using amobarbital is a promising approach to decrease injury in DCD hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Akande
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Renee Cholyway
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA
| | - Mohammed Quader
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA
- McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond VA
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. The mitochondrial electron transport chain contributes to calpain 1 activation during ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:127-132. [PMID: 35550199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of calpain1 (CPN1) contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction during cardiac ischemia (ISC) - reperfusion (REP). Blockade of electron transport using amobarbital (AMO) protects mitochondria during ISC-REP, indicating that the electron transport chain (ETC) is a key source of mitochondrial injury. We asked if AMO treatment can decrease CPN1 activation as a potential mechanism of mitochondrial protection during ISC-REP. Buffer-perfused adult rat hearts underwent 25 min global ISC and 30 min REP. AMO (2.5 mM) or vehicle was administered for 1 min before ISC to block electron flow in the ETC. Hearts in the time control group were untreated and buffer perfused without ISC. Hearts were collected at the end of perfusion and used for mitochondrial isolation. ISC-REP increased both the cleavage of spectrin (indicating cytosolic CPN1 activation) in cytosol and the truncation of AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, indicating mitochondrial CPN1 activation) in subsarcolemmal mitochondria compared to time control. Thus, ISC-REP activated both cytosolic and mitochondrial CPN1. AMO treatment prevented the cleavage of spectrin and AIF during ISC-REP, suggesting that the transient blockade of electron transport during ISC decreases CPN1 activation. AMO treatment decreased the activation of PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] downstream of AIF that triggers caspase-independent apoptosis. AMO treatment also decreased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during ISC-REP that prevented caspase 3 activation. These results support that the damaged ETC activates CPN1 in cytosol and mitochondria during ISC-REP, likely via calcium overload and oxidative stress. Thus, AMO treatment to mitigate mitochondrial-driven cardiac injury can decrease both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent programmed cell death during ISC-REP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
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20
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Lai RE, Holman ME, Chen Q, Rivers J, Lesnefsky EJ, Gorgey AS. Assessment of mitochondrial respiratory capacity using minimally invasive and noninvasive techniques in persons with spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265141. [PMID: 35275956 PMCID: PMC8916668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Muscle biopsies are the gold standard to assess mitochondrial respiration; however, biopsies are not always a feasible approach in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may alternatively be predictive of mitochondrial respiration. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether mitochondrial respiration of PBMCs and NIRS are predictive of respiration of permeabilized muscle fibers after SCI. Methods Twenty-two individuals with chronic complete and incomplete motor SCI between 18–65 years old were recruited to participate in the current trial. Using high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial respiratory capacity was measured for PBMCs and muscle fibers of the vastus lateralis oxidizing complex I, II, and IV substrates. NIRS was used to assess mitochondrial capacity of the vastus lateralis with serial cuff occlusions and electrical stimulation. Results Positive relationships were observed between PBMC and permeabilized muscle fibers for mitochondrial complex IV (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman displayed agreement for complex IV (MD = 0.18, LOA = -0.86 to 1.21), between PBMCs and permeabilized muscles fibers. No significant relationships were observed between NIRS mitochondrial capacity and respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers. Conclusions This is the first study to explore and support the agreement of less invasive clinical techniques for assessing mitochondrial respiratory capacity in individuals with SCI. The findings will assist in the application of PBMCs as a viable alternative for assessing mitochondrial health in persons with SCI in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E. Lai
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Holman
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Jeannie Rivers
- Surgical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Murphy J, Le TNV, Fedorova J, Yang Y, Krause-Hauch M, Davitt K, Zoungrana LI, Fatmi MK, Lesnefsky EJ, Li J, Ren D. The Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Metabolic Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:850538. [PMID: 35274014 PMCID: PMC8902161 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.850538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive defect in the energy generation pathway is implicated in multiple aging-related diseases, including cardiovascular conditions and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, evidence of the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in AD and the associations between the two organ diseases need further elucidation. This study aims to characterize cellular defects resulting in decreased cardiac function in AD-model. 5XFAD mice, a strain expressing five mutations in human APP and PS1 that shows robust Aβ production with visible plaques at 2 months and were used in this study as a model of AD. 5XFAD mice and wild-type (WT) counterparts were subjected to echocardiography at 2-, 4-, and 6-month, and 5XFAD had a significant reduction in cardiac fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared to WT. Additionally, 5XFAD mice had decreased observed electrical signals demonstrated as decreased R, P, T wave amplitudes. In isolated cardiomyocytes, 5XFAD mice showed decreased fraction shortening, rate of shortening, as well as the degree of transient calcium influx. To reveal the mechanism by which AD leads to cardiac systolic dysfunction, the immunoblotting analysis showed increased activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 5XFAD left ventricular and brain tissue, indicating altered energy metabolism. Mito Stress Assays examining mitochondrial function revealed decreased basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate, as well as defective pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the 5XFAD heart and brain. Cellular inflammation was provoked in the 5XFAD heart and brain marked by the increase of reactive oxygen species accumulation and upregulation of inflammatory mediator activities. Finally, AD pathological phenotype with increased deposition of Aβ and defective cognitive function was observed in 6-month 5XFAD mice. In addition, elevated fibrosis was observed in the 6-month 5XFAD heart. The results implicated that AD led to defective mitochondrial function, and increased inflammation which caused the decrease in contractility of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tran Ngoc Van Le
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Julia Fedorova
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Meredith Krause-Hauch
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kayla Davitt
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Linda Ines Zoungrana
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Kasim Fatmi
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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22
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Goldsmith JA, Lai RE, Garten RS, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Perera RA, Gorgey AS. Visceral Adiposity, Inflammation, and Testosterone Predict Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Mass and Activity in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809845. [PMID: 35222077 PMCID: PMC8867006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial health is an important predictor of several health-related comorbidities including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. In persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), mitochondrial health has been linked to several important body composition and metabolic parameters. However, the complex interplay of how mitochondrial health is affected has yet to be determined in this population. Objective In this study, we examined the contribution of visceral adiposity, inflammatory biomarkers, testosterone and circulating serum growth factors as predictors of mitochondrial health in persons with chronic SCI. Participants Thirty-three individuals with chronic SCI (n = 27 Males, n = 6 Females, age: 40 ± 13.26 years, level of injury: C4-L1, BMI: 23 ± 5.57) participated in this cross-sectional study. Methods Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After an overnight fast, serum testosterone, inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), c-reactive protein (CRP)], and anabolic growth factors [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)] were measured. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and Complex III activity. Regression analyses were used to examine predictors of mitochondrial mass and activity. Results CS activity was negatively associated with VAT (r2 = 0.360, p < 0.001), CRP (r2 = 0.168, p = 0.047), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.145, p = 0.042). Complex III activity was negatively associated with VAT relative to total lean mass (VAT:TLM) (r2 = 0.169, p = 0.033), trended for CRP (r2 = 0.142, p = 0.069), and positively associated with testosterone (r2 = 0.224, p = 0.010). Multiple regression showed CS activity was significantly associated with VAT + CRP (r2 = 0.412, p = 0.008) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.433, p = 0.001). Complex III activity was significantly associated with VAT relative to total trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) + CRP (VAT:total trunk CSA + CRP; r2 = 0.286, p = 0.048) and VAT + Testosterone (r2 = 0.277, p = 0.024). Conclusion Increased visceral adiposity and associated inflammatory signaling (CRP) along with reduced testosterone levels predict mitochondrial dysfunction following SCI. Specifically, lower VATCSA and higher testosterone levels or lower VATCSA and lower CRP levels positively predict mitochondrial mass and enzyme activity in persons with chronic SCI. Future research should investigate the efficacy of diet, exercise, and potentially testosterone replacement therapy on enhancing mitochondrial health in chronic SCI. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier: [NCT02660073].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Raymond E. Lai
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ryan S. Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert A. Perera
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashraf S. Gorgey,
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23
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Reversing mitochondrial defects in aged hearts: role of mitochondrial calpain activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C296-C310. [PMID: 35044856 PMCID: PMC8836732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00279.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging chronically increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of calpain 1 (CPN1) impairs mitochondrial function during acute ER stress. We proposed that aging-induced ER stress led to mitochondrial dysfunction by activating CPN1. We posit that attenuation of the ER stress or direct inhibition of CPN1 in aged hearts can decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by improving mitochondrial function. Male young (3 mo) and aged mice (24 mo) were used in the present study, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to decrease the ER stress in aged mice. Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) were isolated. Chronic 4-PBA treatment for 2 wk decreased CPN1 activation as shown by the decreased cleavage of spectrin in cytosol and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and the α1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in mitochondria. Treatment improved oxidative phosphorylation in 24-mo-old SSM and IFM at baseline compared with vehicle. When 4-PBA-treated 24-mo-old hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, infarct size was decreased. These results support that attenuation of the ER stress decreased cardiac injury in aged hearts by improving mitochondrial function before ischemia. To challenge the role of CPN1 as an effector of the ER stress, aged mice were treated with MDL-28170 (MDL, an inhibitor of calpain 1). MDL treatment improved mitochondrial function in aged SSM and IFM. MDL-treated 24-mo-old hearts sustained less cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion. These results support that age-induced ER stress augments cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function through activation of CPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Li L, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Willard B, Chen Q. Calpain-mediated protein targets in cardiac mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 34997008 PMCID: PMC8741987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC-REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC-REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC-REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia-reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC-REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Time to Target Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation from Complex I. Function (Oxf) 2022; 3:zqac010. [PMID: 35359911 PMCID: PMC8951057 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Wang Y, Pandak WM, Lesnefsky EJ, Hylemon PB, Ren S. 25-Hydroxycholesterol 3-Sulfate Recovers Acetaminophen Induced Acute Liver Injury via Stabilizing Mitochondria in Mouse Models. Cells 2021; 10:3027. [PMID: 34831255 PMCID: PMC8616185 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most frequent causes of acute liver failure (ALF). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is currently being used as part of the standard care in the clinic but its usage has been limited in severe cases, in which liver transplantation becomes the only treatment option. Therefore, there still is a need for a specific and effective therapy for APAP induced ALF. In the current study, we have demonstrated that treatment with 25-Hydroxycholesterol 3-Sulfate (25HC3S) not only significantly reduced mortality but also decreased the plasma levels of liver injury markers, including LDH, AST, and ALT, in APAP overdosed mouse models. 25HC3S also decreased the expression of those genes involved in cell apoptosis, stabilized mitochondrial polarization, and significantly decreased the levels of oxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whole genome bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that 25HC3S increased demethylation of 5mCpG in key promoter regions and thereby increased the expression of those genes involved in MAPK-ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. We concluded that 25HC3S may alleviate APAP induced liver injury via up-regulating the master signaling pathways and maintaining mitochondrial membrane polarization. The results suggest that 25HC3S treatment facilitates the recovery and significantly decreases the mortality of APAP induced acute liver injury and has a synergistic effect with NAC in propylene glycol (PG) for the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, USA; (Y.W.); (W.M.P.); (E.J.L.); (P.B.H.)
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Bakare AB, Dean J, Chen Q, Thorat V, Huang Y, LaFramboise T, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Evaluating the Bioenergetics Health Index Ratio in Leigh Syndrome Fibroblasts to Understand Disease Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910344. [PMID: 34638685 PMCID: PMC8508996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pediatric mitochondrial disorders, including Leigh syndrome (LS), impact mitochondrial (mt) genetics, development, and metabolism, leading to complex pathologies and energy failure. The extent to which pathogenic mtDNA variants regulate disease severity in LS is currently not well understood. To better understand this relationship, we computed a glycolytic bioenergetics health index (BHI) for measuring mitochondrial dysfunction in LS patient fibroblast cells harboring varying percentages of pathogenic mutant mtDNA (T8993G, T9185C) exhibiting deficiency in complex V or complex I (T10158C, T12706C). A high percentage (>90%) of pathogenic mtDNA in cells affecting complex V and a low percentage (<39%) of pathogenic mtDNA in cells affecting complex I was quantified. Levels of defective enzyme activities of the electron transport chain correlated with the percentage of pathogenic mtDNA. Subsequent bioenergetics assays showed cell lines relied on both OXPHOS and glycolysis for meeting energy requirements. Results suggest that whereas the precise mechanism of LS has not been elucidated, a multi-pronged approach taking into consideration the specific pathogenic mtDNA variant, glycolytic BHI, and the composite BHI (average ratio of oxphos to glycolysis) can aid in better understanding the factors influencing disease severity in LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Joseph Dean
- Cardiology Section Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (J.D.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Vedant Thorat
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (V.T.); (Y.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (V.T.); (Y.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (V.T.); (Y.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Cardiology Section Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (J.D.); (E.J.L.)
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(479)-575-3400
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Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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29
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Ji X, Bradley JL, Zheng G, Ge W, Xu J, Hu J, He F, Shabnam R, Peberdy MA, Ornato JP, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Tang W. Cerebral and myocardial mitochondrial injury differ in a rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111743. [PMID: 34020243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mitochondria are more sensitive to global ischemia compared to heart mitochondria. Complex I in the electron transport chain (ETC) is sensitive to ischemic injury and is a major control point of the rate of ADP stimulated oxygen consumption. The purpose of this study was to explore whether changes in cerebral and myocardial mitochondria differ after cardiac arrest. Animals were randomized into 4 groups (n = 6): 1) Sham 2) VF 3) VF+CPR 4) ROSC 1hr. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) was induced through a guide wire advanced from the right jugular vein into the ventricle and untreated for 8 min. Resuscitation was attempted with a 4J defibrillation after 8 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Brain mitochondria and cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated. Calcium retention capacity was measured to assess susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. ADP stimulated oxygen consumption and ETC activity assays were performed. Brain mitochondria are far more sensitive to injury during cardiac arrest and resuscitation compared to cardiac mitochondria. Complex I is highly sensitive to injury in brain mitochondria. With markedly decreased calcium retention capacity, mitochondria contribute to cerebral reperfusion injury. Therapeutic preservation of cerebral mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial function during cardiac arrest may improve post-resuscitation neurologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfei Ji
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Bradley
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Weiwei Ge
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jing Xu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Juntao Hu
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Fenglian He
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | | | - Mary Ann Peberdy
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Joseph P Ornato
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA; Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; McGuire Research Institute, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Wanchun Tang
- Weil Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA.
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30
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Gorgey AS, Khalil RE, Rivers J, Cardozo C, Lesnefsky EJ. Effects Of Resistance Training Versus Passive Movement Training On Muscle Size, Oxygen Uptake And Ventilatory Efficiency After Spinal Cord Injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000760556.11141.de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Gorgey AS, Lai RE, Khalil RE, Rivers J, Cardozo C, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training enhances oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency independent of mitochondrial complexes after spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:265-276. [PMID: 33982590 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01029.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training (NMES-RT)-evoked muscle hypertrophy is accompanied by increased V̇o2 peak, ventilatory efficiency, and mitochondrial respiration in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty-three men and women with chronic, predominantly traumatic SCI were randomized to either NMES-RT (n = 20) or passive movement training (PMT; n = 13). Functional electrical stimulation-lower extremity cycling (FES-LEC) was used to test the leg V̇o2 peak, V̇E/V̇co2 ratio, and substrate utilization pre- and postintervention. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Finally, muscle biopsy was performed to measure mitochondrial complexes and respiration. The NMES-RT group showed a significant increase in postintervention V̇o2 peak compared with baseline (ΔV̇o2 = 14%, P < 0.01) with no changes in the PMT group (ΔV̇o2 = 1.6%, P = 0.47). Similarly, thigh (ΔCSAthigh = 19%) and knee extensor (ΔCSAknee = 30.4%, P < 0.01) CSAs increased following NMES-RT but not after PMT. The changes in thigh and knee extensor muscle CSAs were positively related with the change in V̇o2 peak. Neither NMES-RT nor PMT changed mitochondrial complex tissue levels; however, changes in peak V̇o2 were related to complex I. In conclusion, in persons with SCI, NMES-RT-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy was accompanied by increased peak V̇o2 consumption which may partially be explained by enhanced activity of mitochondrial complex I.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Leg oxygen uptake (V̇o2) and ventilatory efficiency (V̇E/V̇co2 ratio) were measured during functional electrical stimulation cycling testing following 12-16 wk of either electrically evoked resistance training or passive movement training, and the respiration of mitochondrial complexes. Resistance training increased thigh muscle area and leg V̇o2 peak but decreased V̇E/V̇co2 ratio without changes in mitochondrial complex levels. Leg V̇o2 peak was associated with muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial respiration of complex I following training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Raymond E Lai
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Refka E Khalil
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeannie Rivers
- Surgical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury and Medical and Surgical Service, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, New York.,Department Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Qun Chen
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia; Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Medical Service of the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.
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33
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Akande O, Chen Q, Toldo S, Lesnefsky EJ, Quader M. Ischemia and reperfusion injury to mitochondria and cardiac function in donation after circulatory death hearts- an experimental study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243504. [PMID: 33370296 PMCID: PMC7769461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation. The number of donor hearts which are primarily procured from donation after brain death (DBD) donors is limited, but donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts can increase the heart donor pool. However, ischemia and reperfusion injuries associated with the DCD process causes myocardial damage, limiting the use of DCD hearts in transplantation. Addressing this problem is critical in the exploration of DCD hearts as suitable donor hearts for transplantation. In this study, rat hearts were procured following the control beating-heart donor (CBD) or DCD donation process. Changes in mitochondria and cardiac function from DCD hearts subjected to 25 or 35 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion were compared to CBD hearts. Following ischemia, rates of oxidative phosphorylation and calcium retention capacity were progressively impaired in DCD hearts compared to CBD hearts. Reperfusion caused additional mitochondrial dysfunction in DCD hearts. Developed pressure, inotropy and lusitropy, were significantly reduced in DCD hearts compared to CBD hearts. We, therefore, suggest that interventional strategies targeted before the onset of ischemia and at reperfusion could protect mitochondria, thus potentially making DCD hearts suitable for heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Akande
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Quader
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Green JC, Jiang Y, He L, Xu Y, Sun D, Keoprasert T, Nelson C, Oh U, Lesnefsky EJ, Kellogg GE, Chen Q, Zhang S. Characterization and Discovery of a Selective Small-Molecule Modulator of Mitochondrial Complex I Targeting a Unique Binding Site. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11819-11830. [PMID: 32945676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as an essential contributor to many human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. However, the exact pathological role of mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-associated oxidative stress, remains elusive, partially due to the lack of chemical probes with well-defined mechanisms of action. Herein, we describe the characterization and discovery of a rationally designed small molecule ZCM-I-1 as a selective modulator of the production of reactive oxygen species from mitochondrial complex I that does not alter mitochondrial membrane potential and bioenergetics. Chemical biology studies employing photoaffinity probes derived from ZCM-I-1 demonstrated its novel mechanism of action of modulating complex I via interactions with the flavin mononucleotide site, proximal in the reaction pathway within complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23224, United States
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Cardiomyocyte specific deletion of p53 decreases cell injury during ischemia-reperfusion: Role of Mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:162-170. [PMID: 32711023 PMCID: PMC7484321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein with a very low content in the basal condition, but the content rapidly rises during stress conditions including ischemia-reperfusion. An increase in p53 content increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion. Since mitochondrial damage plays a key role in cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion, we asked if genetic ablation of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria. Isolated, perfused hearts from cardiac specific p53 deletion or wild type underwent 25 min global ischemia at 37 °C and 60 min reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, hearts were harvested for infarct size measurement. In separate groups, cardiac mitochondria were isolated at 30 min reperfusion. Time control hearts were buffer-perfused without ischemia. Compared to wild type, deletion of p53 improved cardiac functional recovery and decreased infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion. Oxidative phosphorylation was improved in p53 deletion mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion compared to wild type. The net release of ROS generation from wild type but not in p53 deletion mitochondria was increased following ischemia-reperfusion. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX 3) content was higher in p53 deletion than that in wild type, indicating that p53 deletion increases a key antioxidant. Ischemia-reperfusion led to increased spectrin cleavage (a marker of cytosolic calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the truncation of mature AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, an indicator of mitochondrial calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. The loss of cytochrome c from mitochondria was also decreased in p53 deletion following ischemia-reperfusion. Bcl-2 content was decreased in wild type but not in p53 deletion following reperfusion, suggesting that depletion of bcl-2 contributes to permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, deletion of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria through attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain activation during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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Chen Q, Samidurai A, Thompson J, Hu Y, Das A, Willard B, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in aged hearts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165899. [PMID: 32698045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), especially in interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM). Mitochondria are in close contact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Induction of ER stress leads to ETC injury in adult heart mitochondria. We asked if ER stress contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction during aging. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and IFM were isolated from 3, 18, and 24 mo. C57Bl/6 mouse hearts. ER stress progressively increased with age, especially in 24 mo. mice that manifest mitochondrial dysfunction. OXPHOS was decreased in 24 mo. IFM oxidizing complex I and complex IV substrates. Proteomic analysis showed that the content of multiple complex I subunits was decreased in IFM from 24 mo. hearts, but remained unchanged in in 18 mo. IFM without a decrease in OXPHOS. Feeding 24 mo. old mice with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) for two weeks attenuated the ER stress and improved mitochondrial function. These results indicate that ER stress contributes to the mitochondrial dysfunction in aged hearts. Attenuation of ER stress is a potential approach to improve mitochondrial function in aged hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States of America; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, United States of America.
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37
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Gorgey AS, Graham ZA, Adler RA, Lesnefsky EJ, Cardozo CP. Effects Of Testosterone And Resistance Training On Protein Expression And Mitochondrial Functions Following Spinal Cord Injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000670872.13112.6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Quader M, Akande O, Toldo S, Cholyway R, Kang L, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q. The Commonalities and Differences in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Between ex vivo and in vivo Myocardial Global Ischemia Rat Heart Models: Implications for Donation After Circulatory Death Research. Front Physiol 2020; 11:681. [PMID: 32714203 PMCID: PMC7344325 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the ultimate treatment option for patients with advanced heart failure. Since hearts from donation after brain death (DBD) donors are limited, donation after circulatory death (DCD) donor hearts could be another source for heart transplantation. DCD process involves ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to IR and is well established in the ex vivo (buffer perfused) ischemia animal model. However, DCD hearts undergo in vivo ischemia with a variable "ischemic period." In addition, the DCD hearts are exposed to an intense catecholamine surge that is not seen with ex vivo perfused hearts. Thus, the severity of mitochondrial damage in in vivo ischemia hearts could differ from the ex vivo ischemia hearts even following the same period of ischemia. The aim of our current study is to identify the mitochondrial dysfunction in DCD hearts and propose strategies to protect mitochondria. Adult Sprague Dawley rat hearts underwent in vivo or ex vivo ischemia for 25 min. Subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) were isolated from hearts following ischemia. We found that both ex vivo and in vivo ischemia led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation in SSM and IFM compared to time control or DBD hearts. The proportion of damage to SSM and IFM, including proton leak through the inner membrane, was higher with ex vivo ischemia compare to in vivo ischemia. Time control hearts showed a decrease in SSM and IFM function compared to DBD hearts. The calcium retention capacity (CRC) was also decreased in SSM and IFM with ex vivo and in vivo ischemia, indicating that ischemic damage to mitochondria sensitizes mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP). Our study found differential mitochondrial damage between the in vivo ischemia and the ex vivo ischemia setup. Therefore, consideration should be given to the mode of ischemia while evaluating and testing myocardial protective interventions targeting mitochondria to reduce IR injury in hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Quader
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Oluwatoyin Akande
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stefano Toldo
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Renee Cholyway
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Gorgey AS, Graham ZA, Chen Q, Rivers J, Adler RA, Lesnefsky EJ, Cardozo CP. Sixteen weeks of testosterone with or without evoked resistance training on protein expression, fiber hypertrophy and mitochondrial health after spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1487-1496. [PMID: 32352341 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00865.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with and without evoked resistance training (RT) on protein expression of key metabolic and hypertrophy regulators, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and markers of mitochondrial health after spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-two men with chronic motor complete SCI were randomly assigned to either TRT + RT (n = 11) or TRT (n = 11) for 16 wk. TRT + RT men underwent twice weekly progressive RT using electrical stimulation with ankle weights. TRT was administered via testosterone patches (2-6 mg/day). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 16 wk from the right vastus lateralis. Expression of proteins associated with oxidative muscles and mechanical loading (PGC-1α and FAK), muscle hypertrophy (total and phosphorylated Akt, total and phosphorylated mTOR), and cellular metabolism (total and phosphorylated AMPK and GLUT4) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to measure fiber CSA and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity as well as mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS) activity and complex III (CIII) activities. TRT + RT demonstrated a robust 27.5% increase in average fiber CSA compared with a -9% decrease following TRT only (P = 0.01). GLUT4 protein expression was elevated in the TRT + RT group compared with TRT only (P = 0.005). Total Akt (P = 0.06) and phosphorylated Akt Ser389 (P = 0.049) were also elevated in the TRT + RT group. Mitochondrial activity of SDH (P = 0.03) and CS (P = 0.006) increased in the TRT + RT group, with no changes in the TRT-only group. Sixteen weeks of TRT with RT resulted in fiber hypertrophy and beneficial changes in markers of skeletal muscle health and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), protein expression, mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured following 16 wk of low-dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) with and without electrically evoked resistance training (RT) in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Fiber CSA and protein expression of total GLUT4, total Akt, and phosphorylated Akt increased following TRT + RT but not in the TRT-only group. Mitochondrial CS and SDH increased after TRT + RT but not in TRT-only group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qun Chen
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeannie Rivers
- Surgery Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert A Adler
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine¸ Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
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40
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Mohsin AA, Thompson J, Hu Y, Hollander J, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced complex I defect: Central role of calcium overload. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 683:108299. [PMID: 32061585 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress leads to decreased complex I activity in cardiac mitochondria. The aim of the current study is to explore the potential mechanisms by which ER stress leads to the complex I defect. ER stress contributes to intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress that are two key factors to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Since oxidative stress is often accompanied by intracellular calcium overload during ER stress in vivo, the role of oxidative stress and calcium overload in mitochondrial dysfunction was studied using in vitro models. ER stress results in intracellular calcium overload that favors activation of calcium-dependent calpains. The contribution of mitochondrial calpain activation in ER stress-mediated complex I damage was studied. METHODS Thapsigargin (THAP) was used to induce acute ER stress in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Exogenous calcium (25 μM) and H2O2 (100 μM) were used to induce modest calcium overload and oxidative stress in isolated mitochondria. Calpain small subunit 1 (CAPNS1) is essential to maintain calpain 1 and calpain 2 (CPN1/2) activities. Deletion of CAPNS1 eliminates the activities of CPN1/2. Wild type and cardiac-specific CAPNS1 deletion mice were used to explore the role of CPN1/2 activation in calcium-induced mitochondrial damage. RESULTS In isolated mitochondria, exogenous calcium but not H2O2 treatment led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation, supporting that calcium overload contributes a key role in the mitochondrial damage. THAP treatment of H9c2 cells decreased respiration selectively with complex I substrates. THAP treatment activated cytosolic and mitochondrial CPN1/2 in C57BL/6 mice and led to degradation of complex I subunits including NDUFS7. Calcium treatment decreased NDUFS7 content in wild type but not in CAPNS1 knockout mice. CONCLUSION ER stress-mediated activation of mitochondria-localized CPN1/2 contributes to complex I damage by cleaving component subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohsin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Radiological Techniques Department, Health and Medical Technology College-Baghdad, Middle Technical University (MTU), Iraq
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - John Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Meléndez GC, Vasu S, Lesnefsky EJ, Kaplan JR, Appt S, D'Agostino RB, Hundley WG, Jordan JH. Myocardial Extracellular and Cardiomyocyte Volume Expand After Doxorubicin Treatment Similar to Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 13:1084-1085. [PMID: 31864989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Cardiotoxicity
- Cell Size
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Doxorubicin/toxicity
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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42
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Gertz ZM, Cain C, Kraskauskas D, Devarakonda T, Mauro AG, Thompson J, Samidurai A, Chen Q, Gordon SW, Lesnefsky EJ, Das A, Salloum FN. Remote Ischemic Pre-Conditioning Attenuates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling and Mortality Following Doxorubicin Administration in Mice. JACC CardioOncol 2019; 1:221-234. [PMID: 32699841 PMCID: PMC7375406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Because of its multifaceted cardioprotective effects, remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) was examined as a strategy to attenuate doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity. Background The use of DOX is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagy modulation have been proposed as mediators of DOX cardiotoxicity. Methods After baseline echocardiography, adult male CD1 mice were randomized to either sham or RIPC protocol (3 cycles of 5 min femoral artery occlusion followed by 5 min reperfusion) 1 h before receiving DOX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The mice were observed primarily for survival over 85 days (86 mice). An additional cohort of 50 mice was randomized to either sham or RIPC 1 h before DOX treatment and was followed for 25 days, at which time cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were assessed, as well as the expression profiles of apoptosis and autophagy markers. Results Survival was significantly improved in the RIPC cohort compared with the sham cohort (p = 0.007). DOX-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis were significantly attenuated with RIPC compared with sham (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Although no mitochondrial dysfunction was detected at 25 days, there was a significant increase in autophagy markers with DOX that was attenuated with RIPC. Moreover, DOX caused a 49% decline in cardiac BCL2/BAX expression, which was restored with RIPC (p < 0.05 vs. DOX). DOX also resulted in a 17% reduction in left ventricular mass at 25 days, which was prevented with RIPC (p < 0.01), despite the lack of significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions Our preclinical results suggested that RIPC before DOX administration might be a promising approach for attenuating DOX cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Gertz
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Chad Cain
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Teja Devarakonda
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adolfo G Mauro
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarah W Gordon
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Medical Service, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Meléndez GC, Jordan JH, D'Agostino RB, Lesnefsky EJ, Hundley WG. Accelerated Left Ventricular Interstitial Collagen Deposition After Receiving Doxorubicin in Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1555-1557. [PMID: 30236317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gorgey AS, Khalil RE, Davis JC, Carter W, Gill R, Rivers J, Khan R, Goetz LL, Castillo T, Lavis T, Sima AP, Lesnefsky EJ, Cardozo CC, Adler RA. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and attenuation of cardio-metabolic risk factors (SHARC) using functional electrical stimulation-lower extremity cycling in persons with spinal cord injury: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:526. [PMID: 31443727 PMCID: PMC6708188 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at heightened risks of developing unfavorable cardiometabolic consequences due to physical inactivity. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) and surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-resistance training (RT) have emerged as effective rehabilitation methods that can exercise muscles below the level of injury and attenuate cardio-metabolic risk factors. Our aims are to determine the impact of 12 weeks of NMES + 12 weeks of FES-lower extremity cycling (LEC) compared to 12 weeks of passive movement + 12 weeks of FES-LEC on: (1) oxygen uptake (VO2), insulin sensitivity, and glucose disposal in adults with SCI; (2) skeletal muscle size, intramuscular fat (IMF), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT); and (3) protein expression of energy metabolism, protein molecules involved in insulin signaling, muscle hypertrophy, and oxygen uptake and electron transport chain (ETC) activities. Methods/Design Forty-eight persons aged 18–65 years with chronic (> 1 year) SCI/D (AIS A-C) at the C5-L2 levels, equally sub-grouped by cervical or sub-cervical injury levels and time since injury, will be randomized into either the NMES + FES group or Passive + FES (control group). The NMES + FES group will undergo 12 weeks of evoked RT using twice-weekly NMES and ankle weights followed by twice-weekly progressive FES-LEC for an additional 12 weeks. The control group will undergo 12 weeks of passive movement followed by 12 weeks of progressive FES-LEC. Measurements will be performed at baseline (B; week 0), post-intervention 1 (P1; week 13), and post-intervention 2 (P2; week 25), and will include: VO2 measurements, insulin sensitivity, and glucose effectiveness using intravenous glucose tolerance test; magnetic resonance imaging to measure muscle, IMF, and VAT areas; muscle biopsy to measure protein expression and intracellular signaling; and mitochondrial ETC function. Discussion Training through NMES + RT may evoke muscle hypertrophy and positively impact oxygen uptake, insulin sensitivity, and glucose effectiveness. This may result in beneficial outcomes on metabolic activity, body composition profile, mitochondrial ETC, and intracellular signaling related to insulin action and muscle hypertrophy. In the future, NMES-RT may be added to FES-LEC to improve the workloads achieved in the rehabilitation of persons with SCI and further decrease muscle wasting and cardio-metabolic risks. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02660073. Registered on 21 Jan 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Refka E Khalil
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John C Davis
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William Carter
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ranjodh Gill
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Endocrine Division, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeannie Rivers
- Endocrine Division, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rehan Khan
- Radiology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lance L Goetz
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Teodoro Castillo
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Timothy Lavis
- Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Adam P Sima
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Cardiology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Christopher C Cardozo
- Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Adler
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Endocrine Division, School of Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Dean J, Lesnefsky EJ. Inhibition of the ubiquitous calpains protects complex I activity and enables improved mitophagy in the heart following ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C910-C921. [PMID: 31411917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00190.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of calpain 1 (CPN1) and calpain 2 (CPN2) contributes to cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC) and reperfusion (REP). Complex I activity is decreased in heart mitochondria following ISC-REP. CPN1 and CPN2 are ubiquitous calpains that exist in both cytosol (cs)-CPN1 and 2 and mitochondria (mit)-CPN1 and 2. Recent work shows that the complex I subunit (NDUFS7) is a potential substrate of the mit-CPN1. We asked whether ISC-REP led to decreased complex I activity via proteolysis of the NDUFS7 subunit via activation of mit-CPN1 and -2. Activation of cs-CPN1 and -2 decreases mitophagy in hepatocytes following ISC-REP. We asked whether activation of cs-CPN1 and -2 impaired mitophagy in the heart following ISC-REP. Buffer-perfused rat hearts underwent 25 min of global ISC and 30 min of REP. MDL-28170 (MDL; 10 µM) was used to inhibit CPN1 and -2. Cytosol, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM), and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) were isolated at the end of heart perfusion. Cardiac ISC-REP led to decreased complex I activity with a decrease in the content of NDUFS7 in both SSM and IFM. ISC-REP also resulted in a decrease in cytosolic beclin-1 content, a key component of the autophagy pathway required to form autophagosomes. MDL treatment protected the contents of cytosolic beclin-1 and mitochondrial NDUFS7 in hearts following ISC-REP. These results support that activation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial calpains impairs mitochondria during cardiac ISC-REP. Mitochondria-localized calpains impair complex I via cleavage of a key subunit. Activation of cytosolic calpains contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing removal of the impaired mitochondria through depletion of a key component of the mitophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph Dean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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46
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Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. A new strategy to decrease cardiac injury in aged heart following ischaemia-reperfusion: enhancement of the interaction between AMPK and SIRT1. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:771-772. [PMID: 29596586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,Medical Service, McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
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Grace HE, Galdun P, Lesnefsky EJ, West FD, Iyer S. mRNA Reprogramming of T8993G Leigh's Syndrome Fibroblast Cells to Create Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Mitochondrial Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:846-859. [PMID: 31017045 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early molecular and developmental events impacting many incurable mitochondrial disorders are not fully understood and require generation of relevant patient- and disease-specific stem cell models. In this study, we focus on the ability of a nonviral and integration-free reprogramming method for deriving clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) specific to Leigh's syndrome (LS), a fatal neurodegenerative mitochondrial disorder of infants. The cause of fatality could be due to the presence of high abundance of mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or decline in respiration levels, thus affecting early molecular and developmental events in energy-intensive tissues. LS patient fibroblasts (designated LS1 in this study), carrying a high percentage of mutant T8993G mtDNA, were reprogrammed using a combined mRNA-miRNA nonviral approach to generate human iPSCs (hiPSCs). The LS1-hiPSCs were evaluated for their self-renewal, embryoid body (EB) formation, and differentiation potential, using immunocytochemistry and gene expression profiling methods. Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing approaches were used to detect the mutation and quantify the percentage of mutant mtDNA in the LS1-hiPSCs and differentiated derivatives. Reprogrammed LS-hiPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers including transcription factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 and cell surface markers SSEA4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81 at the RNA and protein level. LS1-hiPSCs also demonstrated the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into all three embryonic germ layers. EB analysis demonstrated impaired differentiation potential in cells carrying high percentage of mutant mtDNA. Next-generation sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of high abundance of T8993G mutant mtDNA in the patient fibroblasts and their reprogrammed and differentiated derivatives. These results represent for the first time the derivation and characterization of a stable nonviral hiPSC line reprogrammed from a LS patient fibroblast carrying a high abundance of mutant mtDNA. These outcomes are important steps toward understanding disease origins and developing personalized therapies for patients suffering from mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison E Grace
- 1 Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,2 Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Patrick Galdun
- 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- 3 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,4 Cardiology Section Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia.,5 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,6 Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Franklin D West
- 1 Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,2 Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- 7 Department of Biological Sciences, Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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48
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Chen Q, Allegood JC, Thompson J, Toldo S, Lesnefsky EJ. Increased Mitochondrial ROS Generation from Complex III Causes Mitochondrial Damage and Increases Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.543.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- MedicineVCURichomondVA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondVA
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49
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Cain C, Devarakonda T, Thompson J, Chen Q, Cain L, Farrar J, Guzman G, Celi F, Lesnefsky EJ, Salloum FN. Prevention and Treatment of Duchenne Cardiomyopathy with Hydrogen Sulfide‐Donor Therapy. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.831.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Cain
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | | | - Qun Chen
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
- Cardiology SectionHunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondVA
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50
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Hollander JM, Lesnefsky EJ. Activation of Mitochondrial Calpains Contributes to the Selective Degradation of Specific Mitochondrial Proteins. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.802.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Hollander
- Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWV
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- MedicineVCURichomondVA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichomondVA
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