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Rahnama M, Movahedi T, Eslahi A, Kaseb-Mojaver N, Alerasool M, Adabi N, Mojarrad M. Identification of a novel mutation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-C (PDGFC) gene in a girl with Non-Syndromic cleft lip and palate. Gene 2024; 910:148335. [PMID: 38432532 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/CP) is a prevalent congenital malformation. Approximately 16 candidate loci for CL/CP have been identified in both animal models and humans through association or genetic linkage studies. One of these loci is the platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGFC) gene. In animal models, a mutation in the PDGFC gene has been shown to lead to CL/CP, with PDGF-C protein serving as a growth factor for mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in embryogenesis during the induction of neural crest cells. In this study, we present the identification of a novel frameshift mutation in the PDGFC gene, which we hypothesize to be associated with CL/CP, within a consanguineous Iranian family. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was a 3-year-old girl with non-syndromic CL/CP. A history of craniofacial clefts was present in her family. Following genetic counseling, karyotype analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed. Cytogenetic analysis revealed normal results, while WES analysis showed that the proband carried a homozygous c.546dupA (p.L183fs) mutation in the PDGFC gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that her parents were carriers of the mutation. CONCLUSION The c.546dupA (p.L183fs) mutation of PDGFC has not been previously reported and was not found in human genome databases. We speculate that the c.546dupA mutation of the PDGFC gene, identified in the Iranian patient, may be responsible for the phenotype of non-syndromic CL/CP (ns-CL/CP). Further studies are warranted to explore the specific pathogenesis of the PDGFC mutation in ns-CL/CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahnama
- Department of Applied cell sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Masoome Alerasool
- Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasim Adabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Barr ML, Jain NS, Jones NF. Wassel VI Thumb Duplication With Triphalangeal Radial and Ulnar Thumbs: Anatomy and Surgical Reconstruction. Hand (N Y) 2023:15589447231207982. [PMID: 37919973 DOI: 10.1177/15589447231207982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old otherwise healthy girl presented with a Wassel VI duplication of the left thumb metacarpal and triphalangeal radial and ulnar thumbs. The patient underwent successful thumb reconstruction by transposition of the distal ulnar thumb onto the radial thumb metacarpal. To the best of our knowledge, this case report represents the first published anatomical dissection and surgical reconstruction of a Wassel VI duplication with triphalangeal radial and ulnar thumbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan L Barr
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nirbhay S Jain
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil F Jones
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yu X, Yang S, Xia W, Zhou X, Gao M, Shi H, Zhou Y. Identification of a Novel Variant of PDGFC Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Chinese Family. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:8814046. [PMID: 37779880 PMCID: PMC10539090 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8814046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) accounts for 70% of the total number of patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and is the most common type of congenital deformity of the craniomaxillofacial region. In this study, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed on affected members of a Han Chinese family, and a missense variant in the platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC) gene (NM_016205: c.G93T: p.Q31H) was identified to be associated with NSCL/P. Bioinformatic studies demonstrated that the amino acid corresponding to this variation is highly conserved in many mammals and leads to a glutamine-to-histidine substitution in an evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding domain. It was found that the expression of PDGFC was significantly decreased in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) of NSCL/P cases, compared to the controls, and that the variant (NM_016205: c.G93T) reduced the expression of PDGFC. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that Pdgfc deficiency disrupted NSCL/P-related signaling pathways such as the MAPK signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecules. In conclusion, our study identified a missense variant (NM_016205: c.G93T) in exon 1 of PDGFC potentially associated with susceptibility to NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Simin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqian Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meiqin Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Lewandowski SA, Fredriksson L, Lawrence DA, Eriksson U. Pharmacological targeting of the PDGF-CC signaling pathway for blood-brain barrier restoration in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:108-119. [PMID: 27524729 PMCID: PMC5341142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders account for a majority of non-malignant disability in humans and are often associated with dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence shows that despite apparent variation in the origin of neural damage, the central nervous system has a common injury response mechanism involving platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC activation in the neurovascular unit and subsequent dysfunction of BBB integrity. Inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling with imatinib in mice has been shown to prevent BBB dysfunction and have neuroprotective effects in acute damage conditions, including traumatic brain injury, seizures or stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases that develop over time, including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stroke and traumatic injuries are major risk factors for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and we speculate that restoring BBB properties through PDGF-CC inhibition might provide a common therapeutic opportunity for treatment of both acute and progressive neuropathology in humans. In this review we will summarize what is known about the role of PDGF-CC in neurovascular signaling events and the variety of seemingly different neuropathologies it is involved in. We will also discuss the pharmacological means of therapeutic interventions for anti-PDGF-CC therapy and ongoing clinical trials. In summary: inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling can be protective for immediate injury and decrease the long-term neurodegenerative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Lewandowski
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Vascular Biology Groups, Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Regulators and Effectors of Arf GTPases in Neutrophils. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:235170. [PMID: 26609537 PMCID: PMC4644846 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are key innate immune cells that represent the first line of defence against infection. They are the first leukocytes to migrate from the blood to injured or infected sites. This process involves molecular mechanisms that coordinate cell polarization, delivery of receptors, and activation of integrins at the leading edge of migrating PMNs. These phagocytes actively engulf microorganisms or form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to trap and kill pathogens with bactericidal compounds. Association of the NADPH oxidase complex at the phagosomal membrane for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delivery of proteolytic enzymes into the phagosome initiate pathogen killing and removal. G protein-dependent signalling pathways tightly control PMN functions. In this review, we will focus on the small monomeric GTPases of the Arf family and their guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) as components of signalling cascades regulating PMN responses. GEFs and GAPs are multidomain proteins that control cellular events in time and space through interaction with other proteins and lipids inside the cells. The number of Arf GAPs identified in PMNs is expanding, and dissecting their functions will provide important insights into the role of these proteins in PMN physiology.
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Vasudevan HN, Soriano P. SRF regulates craniofacial development through selective recruitment of MRTF cofactors by PDGF signaling. Dev Cell 2014; 31:332-344. [PMID: 25453829 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is critical for mammalian craniofacial development, but the key downstream transcriptional effectors remain unknown. We demonstrate that serum response factor (SRF) is induced by both platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells and that Srf neural crest conditional mutants exhibit facial clefting accompanied by proliferation and migration defects. Srf and Pdgfra mutants interact genetically in craniofacial development, but Srf and Fgfr1 mutants do not. This signal specificity is recapitulated at the level of cofactor activation: while both PDGF and FGF target gene promoters show enriched genome-wide overlap with SRF ChIP-seq peaks, PDGF selectively activates a network of MRTF-dependent cytoskeletal genes. Collectively, our results identify a role for SRF in proliferation and migration during craniofacial development and delineate a mechanism of receptor tyrosine kinase specificity mediated through differential cofactor usage, leading to a PDGF-responsive SRF-driven transcriptional program in the midface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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