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Su D, Eliason S, Sun Z, Shao F, Amendt BA. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (Whsc1) methyltransferase signals via a Pitx2-miR-23/24 axis to effect tooth development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105324. [PMID: 37806494 PMCID: PMC10656234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a developmental disorder attributed to a partial deletion on the short arm of chromosome 4. WHS patients suffer from oral manifestations including cleft lip and palate, hypodontia, and taurodontism. WHS candidate 1 (WHSC1) gene is a H3K36-specific methyltransferase that is deleted in every reported case of WHS. Mutation in this gene also results in tooth anomalies in patients. However, the correlation between genetic abnormalities and the tooth anomalies has remained controversial. In our study, we aimed to clarify the role of WHSC1 in tooth development. We profiled the Whsc1 expression pattern during mouse incisor and molar development by immunofluorescence staining and found Whsc1 expression is reduced as tooth development proceeds. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays, we determined that Whsc1 and Pitx2, the initial transcription factor involved in tooth development, positively and reciprocally regulate each other through their gene promoters. miRNAs are known to regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally during development. We previously reported miR-23a/b and miR-24-1/2 were highly expressed in the mature tooth germ. Interestingly, we demonstrate here that these two miRs directly target Whsc1 and repress its expression. Additionally, this miR cluster is also negatively regulated by Pitx2. We show the expression of these two miRs and Whsc1 are inversely correlated during mouse mandibular development. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the potential role of Whsc1 in regulating tooth development and a possible molecular mechanism underlying the dental defects in WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Steve Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Zhao Sun
- College of Medicine, Washington University St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fan Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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2
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Horiguchi A, Koichihara R, Kikuchi K, Nonoyama H, Daida A, Oba D, Hirata Y, Matsuura R, Ohashi H, Hamano SI. Efficacy of Antiseizure Medications in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Neuropediatrics 2023; 54:339-343. [PMID: 37075791 DOI: 10.1055/a-2077-1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by deletion of the terminal region of chromosome 4 short arm and is frequently associated with intractable epilepsy. This article evaluates the clinical features of epileptic seizures in WHS and the therapeutic efficacy of oral antiseizure medications (ASMs). Patients with WHS who were treated for epilepsy at the Saitama Children's Medical Center under 5 years of age were included. WHS was diagnosed based on genetic tests and clinical symptoms. Medical records regarding the age of onset of epilepsy, seizure type, treatment of status epilepticus (SE), and effectiveness of ASMs were retrospectively reviewed. Oral ASMs were considered effective when seizures were reduced by at least 50% compared with the premedication level. Eleven patients were included in the study. The median age at the onset of epilepsy was 9 months (range: 5-32 months). Unknown-onset bilateral tonic-clonic seizure was the most common type of seizure, occurring in 10 patients. Focal clonic seizures occurred in four patients. Ten patients exhibited recurrent episodes of SE, and its frequency during infancy was monthly in eight patients and yearly in two. SE occurrence peaked at 1 year of age and decreased after 3 years of age. The most effective ASM was levetiracetam. Although WHS-associated epilepsy is intractable with frequent SE occurrence during infancy, improvement in seizure control is expected with age. Levetiracetam may be a novel ASM for WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Horiguchi
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Reiko Koichihara
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kikuchi
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hazuki Nonoyama
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuro Daida
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daiju Oba
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirata
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryuki Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hamano
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
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3
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Popescu D, Marian D, Zeleniuc M, Samoila C, Belengeanu V. Features of the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) from Infant to Young Teenager. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 26:75-82. [PMID: 37576793 PMCID: PMC10413881 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a rare condition caused by terminal deletions, of variable size, in the short arm of chromosome 4. The syndrome displays the combination of typical morphological facial variations, intellectual disability, language delay, and various malformations. This report describes the clinical aspect and developmental evolution of a male patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, from infancy to adolescence. The patient was first examined and diagnosed at 11 months, with follow-up at the ages of 4 and 16.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. Popescu
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Neonatology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Neonatology, Première Hospital Timișoara – “Regina Maria” Health Network, Timișoara, Romania
| | - D. Marian
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine – “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - M. Zeleniuc
- Department of Medical Genetics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ch. Samoila
- Dental Office Dr Samoila Christian, Timişoara, Romania
| | - V. Belengeanu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, Romania
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4
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Status Epilepticus in Chromosomal Disorders Associated with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020299. [PMID: 36833226 PMCID: PMC9956098 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Status Epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency resulting from the failure of mechanisms of seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms that lead to prolonged seizures. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) identified 13 chromosomal disorders associated with epilepsy (CDAE); data regarding SE occurrence in these patients is lacking. A systematic scoping review was conducted to outline current literature evidence about clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of SE in pediatric and adult patients with CDAE. A total of 373 studies were identified with the initial search; 65 of these were selected and regarded as SE in Angelman Syndrome (AS, n = 20), Ring 20 Syndrome (R20, n = 24), and other syndromes (n = 21). Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is frequently observed in AS and R20. No specific, targeted therapies for SE in CDAE are available to date; anecdotal reports about SE treatment are described in the text, as well as various brief- and long-term outcomes. Further evidence is needed to precisely portray the clinical features, treatment options, and outcomes of SE in these patients.
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Acosta-Baena N, Tejada-Moreno JA, Arcos-Burgos M, Villegas-Lanau CA. CTBP1 and CTBP2 mutations underpinning neurological disorders: a systematic review. Neurogenetics 2022; 23:231-240. [PMID: 36331689 PMCID: PMC9663338 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-022-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal binding proteins (CtBP1/2) are transcriptional coregulators that play a significant role during vertebrate neurodevelopment. This systematic review aims to identify case reports with genetic variants in CTBP1 and CTBP2 associated with brain development syndromes. We screened different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, LILACS) by systematically searching journals and checking reference lists and citations of background papers. We found fourteen cases (10 males) from five papers carrying two pathogenic, heterozygous variants in the CTBP1 gene (13 individuals carried the missense mutation c.991C T, p.Arg342Trp, and one subject carrying the 2-base pair deletion c.1315_1316delCA, p.Gln439ValfsTer84). These mutations were de novo in 13 cases and one case of maternal germinal mosaicism. Two variants are in the same domain of the protein: Pro-Leu-Asp-Leu-Ser (PLDLS) C terminal. Patients with these mutations exhibit a phenotype with intellectual disability, HADDTS syndrome (hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and tooth enamel defects), and cerebellar volume loss. We did not identify reported cases associated with homozygous mutations harbored in CTBP1. We did not identify any report of neurodevelopment phenotypes associated with heterozygous or homozygous CTBP2 mutations. Due to CTBP2/RIBEYE being a gene with dual function, identifying and interpreting the potential pathogenic variants is challenging. Further, homozygous mutations in the CTBP2 gene may be lethal. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopment due to variants of these proteins have not yet been elucidated, despite some functional evidence. Further studies should be conducted to understand these transcription factors and their interaction with each other and their partners.
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6
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Distinct Epileptogenic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3159-3169. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Battaglia A, Carey JC. The delineation of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome over six decades: Illustration of the ongoing advances in phenotype analysis and cytogenomic technology. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2748-2755. [PMID: 34002939 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since Hirschhorn's description in 1961, the history and chronology of the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) elegantly demonstrates the remarkable advances in genetic technology over the last six decades that have paralleled the delineation of the phenotype. After mention in the Human Chromosome Newsletter of a child with a visible deletion of the top of a B chromosome group, 4-5, Hirschhorn and colleagues companioned their report with that of Wolf et al. in Humangenetik in 1965, and the condition was recognized and named. The 1960-1970s witnessed the description of many of the now classic chromosome disorders, including WHS, while HRB allowed for the recognition of chromosome syndromes with smaller deletions/duplications. FISH probes, developed in the next two decades, enabled the characterization of the critical region of WHS and improved clinical diagnosis with subtelomeric probes. Cytogenomic microarray in the early-mid 2000s led to both improved diagnosis of WHS patients and documentation of microdeletions of <5 megabases, helping to characterize the critical regions for specific component phenotypes (e.g., seizures, face). Recently exome sequencing technology has led to the discovery of WHS patients with WHSC1 loss of function variants, displaying some cardinal features of the phenotype (face, growth, and developmental delay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatino Battaglia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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8
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Battaglia A, Lortz A, Carey JC. Natural history study of adults with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome 1: Case series of personally observed 35 individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1794-1802. [PMID: 33760347 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene disorder, clinically delineated by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, distinctive craniofacial features, intellectual disability, and seizures. The disorder is caused by partial loss of material from the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). Although more than 300 persons with WHS have been reported in the literature, there is sparse, if any, long-term follow-up of these individuals and thus little knowledge about course and potential further complications and health risks during adulthood and advanced age. This study attempted to assess medical conditions and function of adult individuals with WHS. It was one component of a two-part investigation on adults with WHS. The other part of the study is the patient-reported outcomes study reported elsewhere. About 35 individuals with WHS (26 females; nine males), aged between 19 and 55 years were recruited. About 25 individuals were personally observed at the IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation by A.B. and followed up between 5 and 20 years; and 10 were recruited from the 4p-Support Group, The United States. Of note, 23/35 (66%) are close to total care. About 11 out of 35 (31%) were partly self-independent, requiring supervision on certain daily routines, and 1 out of 35 (3%) was fully independent. However, a positive perspective is given by the overall good health enjoyed by the 66% of our cohort of individuals. Overall, quality of life and level of function into adulthood appear to be less critical than anticipated from previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatino Battaglia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Mekkawy MK, Kamel AK, Thomas MM, Ashaat EA, Zaki MS, Eid OM, Ismail S, Hammad SA, Megahed H, ElAwady H, Refaat KM, Hussien S, Helmy N, Abd Allah SG, Mohamed AM, El Ruby MO. Clinical and genetic characterization of ten Egyptian patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1546. [PMID: 33217222 PMCID: PMC8077161 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) (OMIM 194190) is a multiple congenital anomalies/intellectual disability syndrome. It is caused by partial loss of genetic material from the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome. Methods We studied the phenotype–genotype correlation. Results We present the clinical manifestations and cytogenetic results of 10 unrelated Egyptian patients with 4p deletions. Karyotyping, FISH and MLPA was performed for screening for microdeletion syndromes. Array CGH was done for two patients. All patients exhibited the cardinal clinical manifestation of WHS. FISH proved deletion of the specific WHS locus in all patients. MLPA detected microdeletion of the specific locus in two patients with normal karyotypes, while array CGH, performed for two patients, has delineated the extent of the deleted segments and the involved genes. LETM1, the main candidate gene for the seizure phenotype, was found deleted in the two patients tested by array CGH; nevertheless, one of them did not manifest seizures. The study emphasized the previous. Conclusion WHS is a contiguous gene syndrome resulting from hemizygosity of the terminal 2 Mb of 4p16.3 region. The Branchial fistula, detected in one of our patients is a new finding that, to our knowledge, was not reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Mekkawy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saida A Hammad
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Megahed
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba ElAwady
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum unIversity, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Refaat
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Hussien
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivine Helmy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally G Abd Allah
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mohamed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Prenatal Diagnosis and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Copy Number Variations on 4p15.2p16.3, Xp22.31, and 12p11.1q11 in a Fetus with Ultrasound Anomalies: A Case Report and Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1761738. [PMID: 32566663 PMCID: PMC7275220 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1761738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements, such as duplications/deletions, can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. Herein, we reported a prenatal case with right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery, consisting of a complex chromosomal copy number variations. Routine cytogenetic analysis described the chromosomal karyotype as 46,XY, add (2)(q37) for the fetus. However, the chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) identified a 22.4 Mb duplication in chromosome 4p16.3p15.2, a 3.96 Mb microduplication in 12p11.1q11, and a 1.68 Mb microdeletion in Xp22.31. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome 4 painting probe was found to hybridize to the terminal of chromosome 2q on the fetus, thus confirming that the extra genetic materials of chromosome 2 was actually trisomy 4p detected through CMA. Meanwhile, the parental karyotypes were normal, which proved that the add (2) was de novo for fetus. The duplication of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR) and X-linked recessive ichthyosis associated with Xp22.31 deletion separately were considered potentially pathogenic causes although other abnormalities involving these syndromes were not observed. For prenatal cases, the combined utilization of ultrasonography, traditional cytogenetic, and molecular diagnosis technology will enhance better diagnostic benefits, offer more detailed genetic counselling, and assess the prognosis of the fetuses.
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11
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Yamamoto-Shimojima K, Kouwaki M, Kawashima Y, Itomi K, Momosaki K, Ozasa S, Okamoto N, Yokochi K, Yamamoto T. Natural histories of patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome derived from variable chromosomal abnormalities. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2019; 59:169-173. [PMID: 30378700 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a subtelomeric deletion syndrome affecting the short arm of chromosome 4. The main clinical features are a typical craniofacial appearance, growth deficiency, developmental delays, and seizures. Previous genotype-phenotype correlation analyses showed some candidate regions for each clinical finding. The WHS critical region has been narrowed into the region 2 Mb from the telomere, which includes LETM1 and WHSC1; however, this region is insufficient to cause "typical WHS facial appearance". In this study, we identified 10 patients with a deletion involving 4p16.3. Five patients showed pure terminal deletions and three showed unbalanced translocations. The remaining patients showed an interstitial deletion and a suspected inverted-duplication-deletion. Among 10 patients, one patient did not show "typical WHS facial appearance" although his interstitial deletion included LETM1 and WHSC1. On the other hand, another patient exhibited "typical WHS facial appearance" although her small deletion did not include LETM1 and WHSC1. Instead, FGFRL1 was considered as the candidate for this finding. The largest deletion of 34.7 Mb was identified in a patient with the most severe phenotype of WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masanori Kouwaki
- Department of Neonatology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuya Itomi
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Ken Momosaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Ozasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokochi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Morokawa H, Kamiya M, Wakui K, Kobayashi M, Kurata T, Matsuda K, Kawamura R, Kanno H, Fukushima Y, Nakazawa Y, Kosho T. Myelodysplastic syndrome in an infant with constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter. Hum Genome Var 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29796285 PMCID: PMC5960645 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-018-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a Japanese female infant as the fourth patient with the constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter confirmed by chromosomal microarray and as the first who developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) among those with the constitutional 1q duplication. Common clinical features of the constitutional pure duplication 1q41-qter include developmental delay, craniofacial characteristics, foot malformation, hypertrichosis, and respiratory insufficiency. The association between MDS and the duplication of the genes in the 1q41-qter region remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Morokawa
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Kamiya
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,2Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakui
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,3Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kobayashi
- 4Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurata
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsuda
- 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Rie Kawamura
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,3Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanno
- 4Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Fukushima
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,3Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- 2Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.,3Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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13
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Corrêa T, Mergener R, Leite JCL, Galera MF, Moreira LMDA, Vargas JE, Riegel M. Cytogenomic Integrative Network Analysis of the Critical Region Associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5436187. [PMID: 29721507 PMCID: PMC5867687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5436187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deletions in the 4p16.3 region are associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving variable size deletions. In this study, we perform a cytogenomic integrative analysis combining classical cytogenetic methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and systems biology strategies, to establish the cytogenomic profile involving the 4p16.3 critical region and suggest WHS-related intracellular cell signaling cascades. The cytogenetic and clinical patient profiles were evaluated. We characterized 12 terminal deletions, one interstitial deletion, two ring chromosomes, and one classical translocation 4;8. CMA allowed delineation of the deletions, which ranged from 3.7 to 25.6 Mb with breakpoints from 4p16.3 to 4p15.33. Furthermore, the smallest region of overlapping (SRO) encompassed seven genes in a terminal region of 330 kb in the 4p16.3 region, suggesting a region of susceptibility to convulsions and microcephaly. Therefore, molecular interaction networks and topological analysis were performed to understand these WHS-related symptoms. Our results suggest that specific cell signaling pathways including dopamine receptor, NAD+ nucleosidase activity, and fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity are associated with the diverse pathological WHS phenotypes and their symptoms. Additionally, we identified 29 hub-bottlenecks (H-B) nodes with a major role in WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Mergener
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Loguercio Leite
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcial Francis Galera
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78600-000 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Lilia Maria de Azevedo Moreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Biodiversity, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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14
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Mbuyi-Musanzayi S, Lumaka A, Kasole TL, Ilunga EK, Asani BY, Tshilobo PL, Muenze PK, Reychler H, Katombe FT, Devriendt K. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Data from a First Case Diagnosed in Central Africa. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:186-190. [PMID: 28794913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple congenital anomaly-intellectual disability syndrome caused by a deletion involving chromosome 4p16.3. We report clinical and genetic findings of the first WHS patient diagnosed in central Africa. This boy who presented with cleft palate, microcephaly, severe growth delay, and intellectual disability was 12 years old. Typical craniofacial features were present, though the characteristic "Greek helmet" appearance of the nose was less evident, probably reflecting a variable expression related to the genetic background. The clinical diagnosis of WHS was confirmed by array CGH, which revealed a terminal 4p16.3 deletion of 3.47 Mb, typically associated with a milder phenotype, contributing to the long survival of this child in a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mbuyi-Musanzayi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Aimé Lumaka
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Toni Lubala Kasole
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Erick Kasamba Ilunga
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Basic sciences, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Bienvenu Yogolelo Asani
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Prosper Lukusa Tshilobo
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Prosper Kalenga Muenze
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Basic sciences, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Hervé Reychler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, University Hospital, UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Yang WX, Pan H, Li L, Wu HR, Wang ST, Bao XH, Jiang YW, Qi Y. Analyses of Genotypes and Phenotypes of Ten Chinese Patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:672-8. [PMID: 26960370 PMCID: PMC4804413 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.177996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene syndrome that is typically caused by a deletion of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4. However, there are few reports about the features of Chinese WHS patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular cytogenetic features of Chinese WHS patients using the combination of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Methods: Clinical information was collected from ten patients with WHS. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients. The deletions were analyzed by MLPA and array CGH. Results: All patients exhibited the core clinical symptoms of WHS, including severe growth delay, a Greek warrior helmet facial appearance, differing degrees of intellectual disability, and epilepsy or electroencephalogram anomalies. The 4p deletions ranged from 2.62 Mb to 17.25 Mb in size and included LETM1, WHSC1, and FGFR3. Conclusions: The combined use of MLPA and array CGH is an effective and specific means to diagnose WHS and allows for the precise identification of the breakpoints and sizes of deletions. The deletion of genes in the WHS candidate region is closely correlated with the core WHS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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16
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Itakura A, Saito Y, Nishimura Y, Okazaki T, Ohno K, Sejima H, Yamamoto T, Maegaki Y. Successful treatment of migrating partial seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome with bromide. Brain Dev 2016; 38:658-62. [PMID: 26797656 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A girl with mild psychomotor developmental delay developed right or left hemiclonic convulsion at 10months of age. One month later, clusters of hemiclonic or bilateral tonic seizures with eyelid twitching emerged, resulting in status epilepticus. Treatment with phenobarbital and potassium bromide completely terminated the seizures within 10days. Ictal electroencephalography revealed a migrating focus of rhythmic 3-4Hz waves from the right temporal to right frontal regions and then to the left frontal regions. Genetic analysis was conducted based on the characteristic facial appearance of the patient, which identified a 2.1-Mb terminal deletion on chromosome 4p. This is the first case of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome complicated by epilepsy with migrating partial seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Itakura
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nishimura
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okazaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Koyo Ohno
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sejima
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsue Red-Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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17
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Bi W, Cheung SW, Breman AM, Bacino CA. 4p16.3 microdeletions and microduplications detected by chromosomal microarray analysis: New insights into mechanisms and critical regions. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2540-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza; Houston Texas
| | - Sau-Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza; Houston Texas
| | - Amy M. Breman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza; Houston Texas
| | - Carlos A. Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics; Baylor College of Medicine; One Baylor Plaza; Houston Texas
- Texas Children's Hospital; Houston Texas
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18
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Ho KS, South ST, Lortz A, Hensel CH, Sdano MR, Vanzo RJ, Martin MM, Peiffer A, Lambert CG, Calhoun A, Carey JC, Battaglia A. Chromosomal microarray testing identifies a 4p terminal region associated with seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. J Med Genet 2016; 53:256-63. [PMID: 26747863 PMCID: PMC4819617 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving variable size deletions of the 4p16.3 region. Seizures are frequently, but not always, associated with WHS. We hypothesised that the size and location of the deleted region may correlate with seizure presentation. Methods Using chromosomal microarray analysis, we finely mapped the breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) in 48 individuals with WHS. Seizure phenotype data were collected through parent-reported answers to a comprehensive questionnaire and supplemented with available medical records. Results We observed a significant correlation between the presence of an interstitial 4p deletion and lack of a seizure phenotype (Fisher's exact test p=3.59e-6). In our cohort, there were five individuals with interstitial deletions with a distal breakpoint at least 751 kbp proximal to the 4p terminus. Four of these individuals have never had an observable seizure, and the fifth individual had a single febrile seizure at the age of 1.5 years. All other individuals in our cohort whose deletions encompass the terminal 751 kbp region report having seizures typical of WHS. Additional examples from the literature corroborate these observations and further refine the candidate seizure susceptibility region to a region 197 kbp in size, starting 368 kbp from the terminus of chromosome 4. Conclusions We identify a small terminal region of chromosome 4p that represents a seizure susceptibility region. Deletion of this region in the context of WHS is sufficient for seizure occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Ho
- Lineagen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah T South
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy Calhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Conte F, Oti M, Dixon J, Carels CEL, Rubini M, Zhou H. Systematic analysis of copy number variants of a large cohort of orofacial cleft patients identifies candidate genes for orofacial clefts. Hum Genet 2015; 135:41-59. [PMID: 26561393 PMCID: PMC4698300 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) represent a large fraction of human birth defects and are one of the most common phenotypes affected by large copy number variants (CNVs). Due to the limited number of CNV patients in individual centers, CNV analyses of a large number of OFC patients are challenging. The present study analyzed 249 genomic deletions and 226 duplications from a cohort of 312 OFC patients reported in two publicly accessible databases of chromosome imbalance and phenotype in humans, DECIPHER and ECARUCA. Genomic regions deleted or duplicated in multiple patients were identified, and genes in these overlapping CNVs were prioritized based on the number of genes encompassed by the region and gene expression in embryonic mouse palate. Our analyses of these overlapping CNVs identified two genes known to be causative for human OFCs, SATB2 and MEIS2, and 12 genes (DGCR6, FGF2, FRZB, LETM1, MAPK3, SPRY1, THBS1, TSHZ1, TTC28, TULP4, WHSC1, WHSC2) that are associated with OFC or orofacial development. Additionally, we report 34 deleted and 24 duplicated genes that have not previously been associated with OFCs but are associated with the BMP, MAPK and RAC1 pathways. Statistical analyses show that the high number of overlapping CNVs is not due to random occurrence. The identified genes are not located in highly variable genomic regions in healthy populations and are significantly enriched for genes that are involved in orofacial development. In summary, we report a CNV analysis pipeline of a large cohort of OFC patients and identify novel candidate OFC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martin Oti
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Dixon
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Carine E L Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Rubini
- Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Abstract
The field of cytogenetics has focused on studying the number, structure, function and origin of chromosomal abnormalities and the evolution of chromosomes. The development of fluorescent molecules that either directly or via an intermediate molecule bind to DNA has led to the development of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), a technology linking cytogenetics to molecular genetics. This technique has a wide range of applications that increased the dimension of chromosome analysis. The field of cytogenetics is particularly important for medical diagnostics and research as well as for gene ordering and mapping. Furthermore, the increased application of molecular biology techniques, such as array-based technologies, has led to improved resolution, extending the recognized range of microdeletion/microduplication syndromes and genomic disorders. In adopting these newly expanded methods, cytogeneticists have used a range of technologies to study the association between visible chromosome rearrangements and defects at the single nucleotide level. Overall, molecular cytogenetic techniques offer a remarkable number of potential applications, ranging from physical mapping to clinical and evolutionary studies, making a powerful and informative complement to other molecular and genomic approaches. This manuscript does not present a detailed history of the development of molecular cytogenetics; however, references to historical reviews and experiments have been provided whenever possible. Herein, the basic principles of molecular cytogenetics, the technologies used to identify chromosomal rearrangements and copy number changes, and the applications for cytogenetics in biomedical diagnosis and research are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluce Riegel
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil . ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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