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Nwosu BU. Editorial: Stars and rising stars in pediatric endocrinology: 2022. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1384549. [PMID: 38562411 PMCID: PMC10982425 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1384549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Udoka Nwosu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Chief of Endocrinology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, Director, Children’s Diabetes Center, Lake Success, NY, United States
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Wang S, Yan S, Xiao J, Chen Y, Chen A, Deng A, Wang T, He J, Peng X. A de novo mutation of ADAMTS8 in a patient with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 37649104 PMCID: PMC10469774 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the KMT2A gene and is usually characterized by hairy elbows, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability and obvious facial dysmorphism. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report a 5-year-old girl with clinical features similar to WDSTS, including postnatal growth delay, retarded intellectual development, and ocular hypertelorism. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES), a frameshift variant of KMT2A was found in the patient but not in her parents' genomic DNA. By bioinformatics analysis, the KMT2A variant was demonstrated to be the top candidate pathogenic variant for the clinical phenotype consistent with WDSTS. Moreover, a duplication of exon 1 in ADAMTS8 (belonging to the zinc metalloproteinase family) was found in the genomic DNA of this patient, which may be responsible for the characteristics that are different from those of WDSTS, including early teething, rapid tooth replacement, and dysplastic enamel. CONCLUSIONS From the above results, we propose that in our patient, the frameshift variant in KMT2A is the main reason for the WDSTS phenotype, and the unreported mutation in ADAMTS8 may be the candidate reason for other characteristics that are different from those of WDSTS. Therefore, this study not only provides a new KMT2A variant associated with WDSTS but is also a reminder that combined mutations may be present in a case with more characteristics than those seen in WDSTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyuan Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjun Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Anji Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aimin Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuanmei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Lin Y, Chen X, Xie B, Guan Z, Chen X, Li X, Yi P, Du R, Mei H, Liu L, Zhang W, Zeng C. Novel variants and phenotypic heterogeneity in a cohort of 11 Chinese children with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085210. [PMID: 37025457 PMCID: PMC10070943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by deleterious heterozygous variants of the KMT2A gene. This study aims to describe the phenotypic and genotypic features of Chinese WSS patients, and assess therapeutic effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). Methods: Eleven Chinese children with WSS were enrolled in our cohort. Their clinical, imaging, biochemical and molecular findings were analyzed retrospectively. Moreover, the phenotypic features of 41 previously reported Chinese WSS patients were reviewed and included in our analysis. Results: In our cohort, the 11 WSS patients presented with classic clinical manifestations, but with different frequencies. The most common clinical features were short stature (90.9%) and developmental delay (90.9%), followed by intellectual disability (72.7%). The most frequent imaging features were patent ductus arteriosus (57.1%) and patent foramen ovale (42.9%) in cardiovascular system, and abnormal corpus callosum (50.0%) in the brain. In the set comprising 52 Chinese WSS patients, the most common clinical and imaging manifestations were developmental delay (84.6%), intellectual disability (84.6%), short stature (80.8%) and delayed bone age (68.0%), respectively. Eleven different variants, including three known and eight novel variants, of the KMT2A gene were identified in our 11 WSS patients without a hotspot variant. Two patients were treated with rhGH and yielded satisfactory height gains, but one developed acceleration of bone age. Conclusion: Our study adds 11 new patients with WSS, reveals different clinical characteristics in Chinese WSS patients, and extends the mutational spectrum of the KMT2A gene. Our study also shares the therapeutic effects of rhGH in two WSS patients without GH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhihong Guan
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Mei
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
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Regulation, functions and transmission of bivalent chromatin during mammalian development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:6-26. [PMID: 36028557 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells differentiate and progress through development guided by a dynamic chromatin landscape that mediates gene expression programmes. During development, mammalian cells display a paradoxical chromatin state: histone modifications associated with gene activation (trimethylated histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3)) and with gene repression (trimethylated H3 Lys27 (H3K27me3)) co-occur at promoters of developmental genes. This bivalent chromatin modification state is thought to poise important regulatory genes for expression or repression during cell-lineage specification. In this Review, we discuss recent work that has expanded our understanding of the molecular basis of bivalent chromatin and its contributions to mammalian development. We describe the factors that establish bivalency, especially histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and consider evidence indicating that PRC1 shapes bivalency and may contribute to its transmission between generations. We posit that bivalency is a key feature of germline and embryonic stem cells, as well as other types of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, we discuss the relevance of bivalent chromtin to human development and cancer, and outline avenues of future research.
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Yu H, Zhang G, Yu S, Wu W. Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101545. [PMID: 36291481 PMCID: PMC9600770 DOI: 10.3390/children9101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a broad and variable phenotypic spectrum characterized by intellectual disability, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, hypertrichosis, characteristic facial features, behavioral problems, and congenital anomalies involving different systems. Here, we report a five-year-old boy who was diagnosed with WDSTS based on the results of Trio-based whole-exome sequencing and an assessment of his clinical features. He had intellectual disability, short stature, hirsutism, and atypical facial features, including a low hairline, down-slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, long eyelashes, broad and arching eyebrows, synophrys, a bulbous nose, a broad nasal tip, and dental/oral anomalies. However, not all individuals with WDSTS exhibit the classic phenotype, so the spectrum of the disorder can vary widely from relatively atypical facial features to multiple systemic symptoms. Here, we summarize the clinical and molecular spectrum, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, long-term management, and care planning of WDSTS to improve the awareness of both pediatricians and clinical geneticists and to promote the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Evans DC, Novais EN. Severe Hip Dysplasia in Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome Treated with Bilateral Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2022; 12:01709767-202203000-00027. [PMID: 35050905 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.21.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with many phenotypic characteristics, including multiple orthopaedic manifestations. Of these, symptomatic significant hip dysplasia has been variably noted. Nonetheless, few reports detail surgical treatment for these patients, including hip preservation for those with hip dysplasia. CONCLUSION Periacetabular osteotomy allows for the correction of severe hip dysplasia in patients with WDSTS. With proper recognition and timely intervention, adequate care may be provided for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Buchanan K, Greenup E, Hurst ACE, Sunil B, Ashraf AP. Case report: 11-ketotestosterone may potentiate advanced bone age as seen in some cases of Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004114. [PMID: 36263329 PMCID: PMC9574220 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is a genetic disorder associated with an array of clinical phenotypes, including advanced bone age and short stature. 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) is a member of the group known as 11-oxygenated C19 androgens that are implicated in premature adrenarche. CASE DESCRIPTION Case 1: The patient is a 3 year and 11-month-old female diagnosed with WSS due to deletion of KMT2A detected on CGH microarray. At two years and 11 months, imaging revealed an advanced bone age. We obtained an 11KT level on this patient. 11KT in case 1 was elevated at 26.3 ng/dL, while the normal reference range is 7.3-10.9 ng/dL and the reference interval for premature adrenarche is 12.3-22.9 ng/dL, The repeat 11KT at follow up (chronological age 4 years and 6 months) was still elevated at 33.8 ng/dL Case 2: A second child with WSS and a 5kb intragenic KMT2A deletion was evaluated at 11 months of age; his 11KT was 4.5 ng/dL. CONCLUSIONS The elevated 11KT may indicate maturational changes related to increasing adrenal gland androgenic activation and may explain the advanced bone age seen in some patients with WSS. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that describes 11KT as a bioactive androgen potentially causing bone age advancement in WSS. Lack of elevation of 11KT in the second child who is an infant suggests increasing androgenic precursors and metabolites related to premature adrenarche may need to be longitudinally followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Buchanan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine Buchanan,
| | - Erin Greenup
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Anna C. E. Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bhuvana Sunil
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mary Bridge Children’s Hospital, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Ambika P. Ashraf
- Divison of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Mechanism for DPY30 and ASH2L intrinsically disordered regions to modulate the MLL/SET1 activity on chromatin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2953. [PMID: 34012049 PMCID: PMC8134635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cryo-EM structures show the highly dynamic nature of the MLL1-NCP (nucleosome core particle) interaction. Functional implication and regulation of such dynamics remain unclear. Here we show that DPY30 and the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of ASH2L work together in restricting the rotational dynamics of the MLL1 complex on the NCP. We show that DPY30 binding to ASH2L leads to stabilization and integration of ASH2L IDRs into the MLL1 complex and establishes new ASH2L-NCP contacts. The significance of ASH2L-DPY30 interactions is demonstrated by requirement of both ASH2L IDRs and DPY30 for dramatic increase of processivity and activity of the MLL1 complex. This DPY30 and ASH2L-IDR dependent regulation is NCP-specific and applies to all members of the MLL/SET1 family of enzymes. We further show that DPY30 is causal for de novo establishment of H3K4me3 in ESCs. Our study provides a paradigm of how H3K4me3 is regulated on chromatin and how H3K4me3 heterogeneity can be modulated by ASH2L IDR interacting proteins. Regulation of the MLL family of histone H3K4 methyltransferases on the nucleosome core particle (NCP) remains largely unknown. Here the authors show that intrinsically disordered regions of ASH2L and DPY30 restrict the rotational dynamics of MLL1 on the NCP, allowing more efficient enzyme-substrate engagement and higher H3K4 trimethylation activity.
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Hirst L, Evans R. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1158-1162. [PMID: 33768801 PMCID: PMC7981703 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is an exceptionally rare autosomal dominant syndrome with considerable phenotypical variation. Clinical features include dysmorphic facial and skeletal features, growth deficiency, developmental delay, hypertrichosis cubiti and various dental features. We present a 7-year-old female with premature exfoliation of primary teeth and premature eruption of permanent teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Hirst
- Dental and Maxillofacial DepartmentGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Robert Evans
- Dental and Maxillofacial DepartmentGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS), its correlation to hypotonia and developmental delay, and to determine the relative intervention strategies that may be useful during early intervention from birth to 3 years. METHODS A literature search using PEDro and PubMed was conducted using key words "Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome," "hypotonia," and "developmental delay" and a case study is presented. RESULTS A 36-month-old child with WSS received PT intervention beginning at 2 months old. Addition of orthotics and treadmill walking was added at 13 and 19 months, respectively. The child progressed through developmental sequences from rolling, sitting, standing, and walking although consistently scored with motor delay of -2 SD. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-seven percent of children diagnosed with WSS have hypotonia, and 90% have developmental delay. The diagnosis of WSS should require physical therapy services through early intervention programs due to its high correlation with motor developmental delay and disability. Determination of progress should be measured with achievement of function rather than norm-referenced outcome measures.Video Abstract: For more insights from the authors, access Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mendoza
- Transitional Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth, Minnesota
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11
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Fontana P, Passaretti FF, Maioli M, Cantalupo G, Scarano F, Lonardo F. Clinical and molecular spectrum of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, an emerging member of the chromatinopathy family. World J Med Genet 2020; 9:1-11. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (OMIM #605130) is a rare congenital malformation syndrome characterized by hypertrichosis cubiti associated with short stature; consistent facial features, including long eyelashes, thick or arched eyebrows with a lateral flare, wide nasal bridge, and downslanting and vertically narrow palpebral fissures; mild to moderate intellectual disability; behavioral difficulties; and hypertrichosis on the back. It is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in KMT2A. This gene has an established role in histone methylation, which explains the overlap of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome with other chromatinopathies, a heterogeneous group of syndromic conditions that share a common trigger: The disruption of one of the genes involved in chromatin modification, leading to dysfunction of the epigenetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fontana
- Medical Genetics Unit, San Pio Hospital, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Maioli
- Medical Genetics Unit, San Pio Hospital, Benevento 82100, Italy
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12
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Gupta S, Verma P, Kapoor S, Sait H, Ghosh S. Dental phenotype of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth in Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLEFT LIP PALATE AND CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jclpca.jclpca_12_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ramirez-Montaño D, Pachajoa H. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome with a novel pathogenic variant in KMT2A: a case report. Colomb Med (Cali) 2019; 50:40-45. [PMID: 31168168 PMCID: PMC6536042 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i1.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Case Description: We report the case of a one-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome based on the identification of a novel de novo frameshift mutation in the KMT2A gene by whole exome sequencing and supported by her clinical features. Clinical Findings: KMT2A mutations cause Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome, a very rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, short stature, intellectual disability, and distinct facial features. Treatment and Outcome: Whole exome sequencing identified a novel frameshift variant: c. 4177dupA (p.Ile1393Asnfs * 14) in KMT2A; this change generates an alteration of the specific binding to non-methylated CpG motifs of the DNA to the protein. The genotype and phenotype of the patient were compared with those of earlier reported patients in the literature. Clinical Relevance: In diseases with low frequency, it is necessary to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation that allows the establishment of therapeutic and follow-up goals. The phenotype comparation with other reported cases did not show differences attributable to sex or age among patients with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome. Whole exome sequencing allows identifying causality in conditions with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity like hypertrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ramirez-Montaño
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras (CIACER). Cali, Colombia
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas y Enfermedades Raras (CIACER). Cali, Colombia.,Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili. Cali, Colombia
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14
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Feldman HR, Dlouhy SR, Lah MD, Payne KK, Weaver DD. The progression of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome in adulthood and two novel variants in the KMT2A gene. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:300-305. [PMID: 30549396 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome is a genetic condition associated with dysmorphic facies, hypertrichosis, short stature, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Congenital malformations of the cerebral, cardiac, renal, and optic structures have also been reported. Because the majority of reported individuals with this condition have been under age 20, the long-term prognosis is not well defined. Here we report on two further unrelated individuals diagnosed with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, one of whom is in her third decade of life. In addition, both individuals have novel KMT2A mutations. The information provided below about the outcome in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome is important for families of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey R Feldman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stephen R Dlouhy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa D Lah
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Katelyn K Payne
- Section of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David D Weaver
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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PHF20L1 antagonizes SOX2 proteolysis triggered by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1627-1641. [PMID: 30089852 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factor SOX2 regulates stem cell pluripotency, cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. As a key factor, the expression of SOX2 is tightly regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels. However, the underlying mechanism of SOX2 protein stability remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL1/WDR5 complexes physically interact with SOX2 and evoke SOX2 proteolysis, possibly through methylation on a potential site lysine 42 (K42). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing of the components of the MLL1/WDR5 complexes WDR5, MLL1, RBBP5, and ASH2L lead to the accumulation of SOX2, while forced expression of WDR5 promotes SOX2 ubiquitination and proteolysis. Conversely, PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1) associates with SOX2, antagonizes SOX2 ubiquitination and the sequential degradation induced by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes. RNA interferences of PHF20L1 promote the degradation of SOX2, while forced expression of PHF20L1 stabilizes SOX2. Co-silencing of MLL1/WDR5 components and PHF20L1 preclude degradation of SOX2 induced by knockdown of PHF20L1. Moreover, co-expression of PHF20L1 and WDR5 prevent ubiquitination of SOX2 triggered by WDR5 over-expression. However, SOX2 mutant K42R is non-sensitive to the MLL1/WDR5 complexes or PHF20L1. In addition, PHF20L1 may regulate the stability of SOX2 through its malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain, since the degradation of SOX2 is accelerated by UNC1215 and UNC669, inhibitors that bind to the MBT domain. Furthermore, abundant expression of SOX2 is highly correlated to immature ovarian teratoma. Loss of PHF20L1 weakened the tumor initiation ability of PA-1 cells while ablation of MLL1 promoted the growth of tumors. Thus, our studies reveal an antagonistic mechanism by which the protein stability of SOX2 is regulated by the MLL1/WDR5 complexes and PHF20L1, possibly through methylation of SOX2 protein, and provide a novel perspective on SOX2-positive cancer treatment.
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Li N, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang P, Huang H, Xiong S, Sun L, Cheng M, Song C, Cheng X, Ding Y, Chang G, Chen Y, Xu Y, Yu T, Yao RE, Shen Y, Wang X, Wang J. Description of the molecular and phenotypic spectrum of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome in Chinese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:178. [PMID: 30305169 PMCID: PMC6180513 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by facial gestalt, neurodevelopmental delay, skeletal anomalies and growth retardation, which is caused by variation of KMT2A gene. To date, only 2 Chinese WDSTS patients have been reported. Here, we report the phenotypes and KMT2A gene variations in 14 unrelated Chinese WDSTS patients and investigate the phenotypic differences between the Chinese and French cohorts. Methods Next generation sequencing was performed for each patient, and the variants in the KMT2A gene were validated by Sanger sequencing. The phenotypes of 16 Chinese WDSTS patients were summarized and compared to 33 French patients. Results Genetic sequencing identified 13 deleterious de novo KMT2A variants in 14 patients, including 10 truncating, 2 missenses and 1 splicing variants. Of the 13 variants, 11 are novel and two have been reported previously. One of the patients is mosaic in the KMT2A gene. The variation spectra and phenotypic profiles of the Chinese WDSTS patients showed no difference with patients of other ethnicities; however, differ in the frequencies of several clinical features. We demonstrated that variations in the KMT2A gene can lead to both advanced and delayed bone age. We identified 6 novel phenotypes, which include microcephaly, deep palmar crease, external ear deformity, carpal epiphyseal growth retardation, dyslipidemia, and glossoptosis. In addition, patients harbored missense variants in the CXXC zinc finger domain of KMT2A showed more severe neurophenotypes. Conclusion Our study consists of the largest cohort of Chinese WDSTS patients that continues to expand the WDSTS phenotypic and variation spectrum. Our results support the notion that the CXXC zinc finger domain of KMT2A gene is a hotspot for missense variants associated with more severe neurophenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0909-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yirou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | | | - Hui Huang
- Central laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiyi Xiong
- Fetal Medicine Unit & Prenatal diagnosis center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luming Sun
- Fetal Medicine Unit & Prenatal diagnosis center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yufei Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ru-En Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China. .,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Baer S, Afenjar A, Smol T, Piton A, Gérard B, Alembik Y, Bienvenu T, Boursier G, Boute O, Colson C, Cordier MP, Cormier-Daire V, Delobel B, Doco-Fenzy M, Duban-Bedu B, Fradin M, Geneviève D, Goldenberg A, Grelet M, Haye D, Heron D, Isidor B, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lèbre AS, Lesca G, Masurel A, Mathieu-Dramard M, Nava C, Pasquier L, Petit A, Philip N, Piard J, Rondeau S, Saugier-Veber P, Sukno S, Thevenon J, Van-Gils J, Vincent-Delorme C, Willems M, Schaefer E, Morin G. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome as a major cause of syndromic intellectual disability: A study of 33 French cases. Clin Genet 2018; 94:141-152. [PMID: 29574747 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare syndromic condition in which intellectual disability (ID) is associated with hypertrichosis cubiti, short stature, and characteristic facies. Following the identification of the causative gene (KMT2A) in 2012, only 31 cases of WSS have been described precisely in the literature. We report on 33 French individuals with a KMT2A mutation confirmed by targeted gene sequencing, high-throughput sequencing or exome sequencing. Patients' molecular and clinical features were recorded and compared with the literature data. On the molecular level, we found 29 novel mutations. We observed autosomal dominant transmission of WSS in 3 families and mosaicism in one family. Clinically, we observed a broad phenotypic spectrum with regard to ID (mild to severe), the facies (typical or not of WSS) and associated malformations (bone, cerebral, renal, cardiac and ophthalmological anomalies). Hypertrichosis cubiti that was supposed to be pathognomonic in the literature was found only in 61% of our cases. This is the largest series of WSS cases yet described to date. A majority of patients exhibited suggestive features, but others were less characteristic, only identified by molecular diagnosis. The prevalence of WSS was higher than expected in patients with ID, suggesting than KMT2A is a major gene in ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Unité de Génétique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-La Roche-Guyon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Gérard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Alembik
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - G Boursier
- Département Génétique Médicale, Laboratoire génétique moléculaire maladies auto inflammatoires et maladies rares, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O Boute
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Colson
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M-P Cordier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - B Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - D Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier-Nîmes, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - M Grelet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - D Haye
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - D Heron
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Keren
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - D Lacombe
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-S Lèbre
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Service de Génétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Masurel
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
| | | | - C Nava
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - L Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - A Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - N Philip
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - J Piard
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - S Rondeau
- Département de Génétique, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Département de Génétique, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1079, Institut pour la recherche et l'innovation en Biomédecine, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Sukno
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique Lillois, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - J Thevenon
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J Van-Gils
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier-Nîmes, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - E Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Morin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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18
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Modes of Interaction of KMT2 Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methyltransferase/COMPASS Complexes with Chromatin. Cells 2018; 7:cells7030017. [PMID: 29498679 PMCID: PMC5870349 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is achieved by sequence-specific transcriptional regulators, which convey the information that is contained in the sequence of DNA into RNA polymerase activity. This is achieved by the recruitment of transcriptional co-factors. One of the consequences of co-factor recruitment is the control of specific properties of nucleosomes, the basic units of chromatin, and their protein components, the core histones. The main principles are to regulate the position and the characteristics of nucleosomes. The latter includes modulating the composition of core histones and their variants that are integrated into nucleosomes, and the post-translational modification of these histones referred to as histone marks. One of these marks is the methylation of lysine 4 of the core histone H3 (H3K4). While mono-methylation of H3K4 (H3K4me1) is located preferentially at active enhancers, tri-methylation (H3K4me3) is a mark found at open and potentially active promoters. Thus, H3K4 methylation is typically associated with gene transcription. The class 2 lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) are the main enzymes that methylate H3K4. KMT2 enzymes function in complexes that contain a necessary core complex composed of WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30, the so-called WRAD complex. Here we discuss recent findings that try to elucidate the important question of how KMT2 complexes are recruited to specific sites on chromatin. This is embedded into short overviews of the biological functions of KMT2 complexes and the consequences of H3K4 methylation.
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19
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Moccia A, Martin DM. Nervous system development and disease: A focus on trithorax related proteins and chromatin remodelers. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 87:46-54. [PMID: 29196188 PMCID: PMC5828982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system comprises many different cell types including neurons, glia, macrophages, and immune cells, each of which is defined by specific patterns of gene expression, morphology, function, and anatomical location. Establishment of these complex and highly regulated cell fates requires spatial and temporal coordination of gene transcription. Open chromatin (euchromatin) allows transcription factors to interact with gene promoters and activate lineage specific genes, whereas closed chromatin (heterochromatin) remains inaccessible to transcriptional activation. Changes in the genome-wide distribution of euchromatin accompany transcriptional plasticity that allows the diversity of mature cell fates to be generated during development. In the past 20years, many new genes and gene families have been identified to participate in regulation of chromatin accessibility. These genes include chromatin remodelers that interact with Trithorax group (TrxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins to activate or repress transcription, respectively. Here we review the role of TrxG proteins in neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Moccia
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Donna M Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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20
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Lebrun N, Giurgea I, Goldenberg A, Dieux A, Afenjar A, Ghoumid J, Diebold B, Mietton L, Briand-Suleau A, Billuart P, Bienvenu T. Molecular and cellular issues of KMT2A variants involved in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 26:107-116. [PMID: 29203834 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in KMT2A, encoding the histone methyltransferase KMT2A, are a growing cause of intellectual disability (ID). Up to now, the majority of KMT2A variants are non-sense and frameshift variants causing a typical form of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. We studied KMT2A gene in a cohort of 200 patients with unexplained syndromic and non-syndromic ID and identified four novel variants, one splice and three missense variants, possibly deleterious. We used primary cells from the patients and molecular approaches to determine the deleterious effects of those variants on KMT2A expression and function. For the putative splice variant c.11322-1G>A, we showed that it led to only one nucleotide deletion and loss of the C-terminal part of the protein. For two studied KMT2A missense variants, c.3460C>T (p.(Arg1154Trp)) and c.8558T>G (p.(Met2853Arg)), located at the cysteine-rich CXXC domain and the transactivation domain of the protein, respectively, we found altered KMT2A target genes expression in patient's fibroblasts compared to controls. Furthermore, we found a disturbed subcellular distribution of KMT2A for the c.3460C>T mutant. Taken together, our results demonstrated the deleterious impact of the splice variant and of the missense variants located at two different functional domains and suggested reduction of KMT2A function as the disease-causing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lebrun
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, U1016, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Service de génétique, CHU de Rouen et Inserm U1079, Université de Rouen, Center Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Dieux
- Service de génétique clinique Guy Fontaine CHRU de Lille - Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59037, LILLE, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- GRC Concer-LD, Sorbonne universités, Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Service de génétique clinique Guy Fontaine CHRU de Lille - Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59037, LILLE, France
| | - Bertrand Diebold
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Léo Mietton
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, U1016, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Briand-Suleau
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, U1016, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, U1016, Paris, France. .,Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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21
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Patients with a Kabuki syndrome phenotype demonstrate DNA methylation abnormalities. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1335-1344. [PMID: 29255178 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by loss of function variants in either of two genes encoding histone-modifying enzymes. We performed targeted sequencing in a cohort of 27 probands with a clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome. Of these, 12 had causative variants in the two known Kabuki syndrome genes. In 2, we identified presumptive loss of function de novo variants in KMT2A (missense and splice site variants), a gene that encodes another histone modifying enzyme previously exclusively associated with Wiedermann-Steiner syndrome. Although Kabuki syndrome is a disorder of histone modification, we also find alterations in DNA methylation among individuals with a Kabuki syndrome diagnosis relative to matched normal controls, regardless of whether they carry a variant in KMT2A or KMT2D or not. Furthermore, we observed characteristic global abnormalities of DNA methylation that distinguished patients with a loss of function variant in KMT2D or missense or splice site variants in either KMT2D or KMT2A from normal controls. Our results provide new insights into the relationship of genotype to epigenotype and phenotype and indicate cross-talk between histone and DNA methylation machineries exposed by inborn errors of the epigenetic apparatus.
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22
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Enokizono T, Ohto T, Tanaka R, Tanaka M, Suzuki H, Sakai A, Imagawa K, Fukushima H, Iwabuti A, Fukushima T, Sumazaki R, Uehara T, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K. Preaxial polydactyly in an individual with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome caused by a novel nonsense mutation in KMT2A. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2821-2825. [PMID: 28815892 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypertrichosis, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial appearances (down-slanted vertically narrow palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge, broad nasal tip, and thick eyebrows). In 2012, Jones and co-workers identified heterozygous mutations in KMT2A (lysine methyltransferase 2A) as the molecular cause of WDSTS. Although the phenotype of this syndrome continues to expand, the associated features are not fully understood. Here, we report WDSTS in a 12-year-old Japanese boy with a novel nonsense mutation in KMT2A. He had right preaxial polydactyly, which has not been previously reported in WDSTS. We could not identify a causal relationship between the KMT2A mutation and preaxial polydactyly, and cannot exclude the preaxial polydactyly is a simple coincidence. We summarized the clinical features of WDSTS associated with KMT2A mutation and discussed the cardinal symptoms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Enokizono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Ohto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryuta Tanaka
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aiko Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Imagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwabuti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Sumazaki
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uehara
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Bogaert DJ, Dullaers M, Kuehn HS, Leroy BP, Niemela JE, De Wilde H, De Schryver S, De Bruyne M, Coppieters F, Lambrecht BN, De Baets F, Rosenzweig SD, De Baere E, Haerynck F. Early-onset primary antibody deficiency resembling common variable immunodeficiency challenges the diagnosis of Wiedeman-Steiner and Roifman syndromes. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623346 PMCID: PMC5473876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndromic primary immunodeficiencies are rare genetic disorders that affect both the immune system and other organ systems. More often, the immune defect is not the major clinical problem and is sometimes only recognized after a diagnosis has been made based on extra-immunological abnormalities. Here, we report two sibling pairs with syndromic primary immunodeficiencies that exceptionally presented with a phenotype resembling early-onset common variable immunodeficiency, while extra-immunological characteristics were not apparent at that time. Additional features not typically associated with common variable immunodeficiency were diagnosed only later, including skeletal and organ anomalies and mild facial dysmorphism. Whole exome sequencing revealed KMT2A-associated Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome in one sibling pair and their mother. In the other sibling pair, targeted testing of the known disease gene for Roifman syndrome (RNU4ATAC) provided a definite diagnosis. With this study, we underline the importance of an early-stage and thorough genetic assessment in paediatric patients with a common variable immunodeficiency phenotype, to establish a conclusive diagnosis and guide patient management. In addition, this study extends the mutational and immunophenotypical spectrum of Wiedemann-Steiner and Roifman syndromes and highlights potential directions for future pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien J Bogaert
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Dullaers
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Centre, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bart P Leroy
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie E Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Centre, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hans De Wilde
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Schryver
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marieke De Bruyne
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frauke Coppieters
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans De Baets
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Centre, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Aggarwal A, Rodriguez-Buritica DF, Northrup H. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome: Novel pathogenic variant and review of literature. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:285-288. [PMID: 28359930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, intellectual disability and distinctive facial appearance. We present a five-year-old boy who was diagnosed with WDSTS based on identification of a novel de novo pathogenic variant in the KMT2A gene (OMIM: 159555) by Whole Exome Sequencing and supported by some characteristic clinical features. Genotype and phenotype of the patient is compared with the earlier reported patients in the literature, in an attempt to broaden our knowledge of this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Aggarwal
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - David F Rodriguez-Buritica
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Hope Northrup
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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25
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Min Ko J, Cho JS, Yoo Y, Seo J, Choi M, Chae JH, Lee HR, Cho TJ. Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome With 2 Novel KMT2A Mutations. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:237-242. [PMID: 27777327 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816674095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, hairy elbows, facial dysmorphism, and developmental delay. It can also be accompanied by musculoskeletal anomalies such as muscular hypotonia and small hands and feet. Mutations in the KMT2A gene have only recently been identified as the cause of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome; therefore, only 16 patients from 15 families have been described, and new phenotypic features continue to be added. In this report, we describe 2 newly identified patients with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome who presented with variable severity. One girl exhibited developmental dysplasia of the hip and fibromatosis colli accompanied by other clinical features, including facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, patent ductus arteriosus, growth retardation, and borderline intellectual disability. The other patient, a boy, showed severe developmental retardation with automatic self-mutilation, facial dysmorphism, and hypertrichosis at a later age. Exome sequencing analysis of these patients and their parents revealed a de novo nonsense mutation, p.Gln1978*, of KMT2A in the former, and a missense mutation, p.Gly1168Asp, in the latter, which molecularly confirmed the diagnosis of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ko
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae So Cho
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Lee
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Steel D, Salpietro V, Phadke R, Pitt M, Gentile G, Massoud A, Batten L, Bashamboo A, Mcelreavey K, Saggar A, Kinali M. Whole exome sequencing reveals a MLL de novo mutation associated with mild developmental delay and without 'hairy elbows': expanding the phenotype of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. J Genet 2016; 94:755-8. [PMID: 26690532 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Steel
- Department of Paediatrics, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
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27
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Sun Y, Hu G, Liu H, Zhang X, Huang Z, Yan H, Wang L, Fan Y, Gu X, Yu Y. Further delineation of the phenotype of truncating KMT2A mutations: The extended Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:510-514. [PMID: 27759909 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
KMT2A mutations cause Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS), which is characterized by hypertrichosis cubiti, short stature, and distinct facial features in general. Here, we report two Chinese boys with novel nonsense KMT2A mutations. Most of their phenotypes are concordant with WDSTS. They, however, lack the key WDSTS feature-hypertrichosis cubiti. Additionally, their transverse palmar creases are absent. We further summarized the genotypes and phenotypes of the KMT2A mutation carriers. The consensus phenotypes include postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay, short stature, and intellectual disability. The common facial features include thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, downslanting, and narrow palpebral fissures, wide nasal bridge, and broad nasal tip. They have generalized hypertrichosis. A hairy back can be observed as frequently as hairy elbows in patients with KMT2A mutations. Absent palmar proximal transverse creases are only observed in these two Chinese boys. This might be due to the difference in ethnic background. Thus far, all mutations in KMT2A are located before the FYRC domain. They would truncate KMT2A mRNA transcripts. Haploinsufficiency of the histone methyltransferase activity would therefore influence transcriptional regulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guorui Hu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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28
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A customized high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization to explore copy number variations in Parkinson's disease. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:233-244. [PMID: 27637465 PMCID: PMC5566182 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, was long believed to be a non-genetic sporadic syndrome. Today, only a small percentage of PD cases with genetic inheritance patterns are known, often complicated by reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. The few well-characterized Mendelian genes, together with a number of risk factors, contribute to the major sporadic forms of the disease, thus delineating an intricate genetic profile at the basis of this debilitating and incurable condition. Along with single nucleotide changes, gene-dosage abnormalities and copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant disease-causing mutations in PD. However, due to their size variability and to the quantitative nature of the assay, CNV genotyping is particularly challenging. For this reason, innovative high-throughput platforms and bioinformatics algorithms are increasingly replacing classical CNV detection methods. Here, we report the design strategy, development, validation and implementation of NeuroArray, a customized exon-centric high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) tailored to detect single/multi-exon deletions and duplications in a large panel of PD-related genes. This targeted design allows for a focused evaluation of structural imbalances in clinically relevant PD genes, combining exon-level resolution with genome-wide coverage. The NeuroArray platform may offer new insights in elucidating inherited potential or de novo structural alterations in PD patients and investigating new candidate genes.
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29
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Stellacci E, Onesimo R, Bruselles A, Pizzi S, Battaglia D, Leoni C, Zampino G, Tartaglia M. Congenital immunodeficiency in an individual with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in KMT2A. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2389-93. [PMID: 27320412 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WSS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypertrichosis, short stature, intellectual disability, developmental delay, and facial dysmorphism. Since the original reports by Wiedemann and co-workers, and Steiner and Marques, only a few cases have been described. Recently, the clinical variability of the disorder has more precisely been characterized by Jones and co-workers, who also identified heterozygous KMT2A mutations as the molecular defect underlying this condition. Here, we report on a boy with a complex phenotype overlapping WSS but exhibiting epilepsy, feeding difficulties, microcephaly, and congenital immunodeficiency with low levels of immunoglobulins as additional features. Whole exome sequencing allowed identifying a previously unreported de novo KMT2A missense mutation affecting the DNA binding domain of the methyltransferase. This finding expands the clinical phenotype associated with KMT2A mutations to include immunodeficiency and epilepsy as clinically relevant features for this disorder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Stellacci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases and Genetic Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Battaglia
- Infantile Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases and Genetic Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases and Genetic Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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30
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Gordon JAR, Stein JL, Westendorf JJ, van Wijnen AJ. Chromatin modifiers and histone modifications in bone formation, regeneration, and therapeutic intervention for bone-related disease. Bone 2015; 81:739-745. [PMID: 25836763 PMCID: PMC4591092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin such as DNA methylation and different types of histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation are well-appreciated epigenetic mechanisms that confer information to progeny cells during lineage commitment. These distinct epigenetic modifications have defined roles in bone, development, tissue regeneration, cell commitment and differentiation, as well as disease etiologies. In this review, we discuss the role of these chromatin modifications and the enzymes regulating these marks (methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases, and deacetylases) in progenitor cells, osteoblasts and bone-related cells. In addition, the clinical relevance of deregulated histone modifications and enzymes as well as current and potential therapeutic interventions targeting chromatin modifiers are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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31
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Calvel P, Kusz-Zamelczyk K, Makrythanasis P, Janecki D, Borel C, Conne B, Vannier A, Béna F, Gimelli S, Fichna P, Antonarakis SE, Nef S, Jaruzelska J. A Case of Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome Associated with a 46,XY Disorder of Sexual Development and Gonadal Dysgenesis. Sex Dev 2015; 9:289-95. [DOI: 10.1159/000441512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Pezzani L, Milani D, Tadini G. Intellectual Disability: When the Hypertrichosis Is a Clue. J Pediatr Genet 2015; 4:154-8. [PMID: 27617126 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The skin and the central and peripheral nervous system both derive from the ectoderm ridge. Therefore, several syndromes characterized by the presence of intellectual disability (ID) can be associated with specific congenital cutaneous manifestations. In this review, we list some of the most frequent diseases characterized by the presence of ID associated with hirsutism, which might be an incentive for the clinicians to pay attention to the ectodermal annexes in patients with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Pezzani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tadini
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Unit of Dermatology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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33
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Dunkerton S, Field M, Cho V, Bertram E, Whittle B, Groves A, Goel H. A de novo Mutation in KMT2A (MLL) in monozygotic twins with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2182-7. [PMID: 25929198 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growth deficiency, psychomotor delay, and facial dysmorphism was originally described in a male patient in 1989 by Wiedemann et al. and later in 2000 by Steiner et al. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) has since been described only a few times in the literature, with the phenotypic spectrum both expanding and becoming more delineated with each patient reported. We report on the clinical and molecular features of monozygotic twins with a de novo mutation in KMT2A. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray was done on both twins and whole-exome sequencing was done using both parents and one of the affected twins. SNP microarray confirmed that they were monozygotic twins. A de novo heterozygous variant (p. Arg1083*) in the KMT2A gene was identified through whole-exome sequencing, confirming the diagnosis of WSS. In this study, we have identified a de novo mutation in KMT2A associated with psychomotor developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, short stature, hypertrichosis cubiti, and small kidneys. This finding in monozygotic twins gives specificity to the WSS. The description of more cases of WSS is needed for further delineation of this condition. Small kidneys with normal function have not been described in this condition in the medical literature before.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Field
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vicki Cho
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Edward Bertram
- Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Belinda Whittle
- Australian Phenomics Facility, The Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Himanshu Goel
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Genetics, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
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34
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Miyake N, Tsurusaki Y, Koshimizu E, Okamoto N, Kosho T, Brown NJ, Tan TY, Yap PJJ, Suzumura H, Tanaka T, Nagai T, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Niikawa N, Matsumoto N. Delineation of clinical features in Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome caused by KMT2A mutations. Clin Genet 2015; 89:115-9. [PMID: 25810209 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is an autosomal dominant congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by hairy elbows, dysmorphic facial appearances (hypertelorism, thick eyebrows, downslanted and vertically narrow palpebral fissures), pre- and post-natal growth deficiency, and psychomotor delay. WSS is caused by heterozygous mutations in KMT2A (also known as MLL), a gene encoding a histone methyltransferase. Here, we identify six novel KMT2A mutations in six WSS patients, with four mutations occurring de novo. Interestingly, some of the patients were initially diagnosed with atypical Kabuki syndrome, which is caused by mutations in KMT2D or KDM6A, genes also involved in histone methylation. KMT2A mutations and clinical features are summarized in our six patients together with eight previously reported patients. Furthermore, clinical comparison of the two syndromes is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Tsurusaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - E Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Japan
| | - T Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - N J Brown
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Y Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P J J Yap
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Suzumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical research, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Niikawa
- Health Science University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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