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Liguori S, Moretti A, Toro G, Paoletta M, Palomba A, Barra G, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G. Pain and Motor Function in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5244. [PMID: 37047859 PMCID: PMC10094252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pain is an underestimated finding in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We provide a characterization of pain in terms of functional implications through a multidimensional assessment in patients with DM1, focusing on gender differences. We assessed pain through the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and its indexes (the Severity Index (SI) and the Interference Index (II)), balance/gait (the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)), functional abilities (the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)), and fatigue (the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)). We divided our sample into a mild (<4) and a moderate-severe group (≥4) based on BPI indexes. A between-group analysis was performed. We recruited 23 males and 22 females with DM1. A statistically significant difference was found for the FSS and the BPI-SI ≥ 4, and for all outcomes in the BPI-II ≥ 4 (p ≤ 0.003). In the female group, all outcomes except for the FIM were statistically significantly worse (p ≤ 0.004). Dividing our sample into four groups based on gender and the BPI, a statistically significant difference was found for FSS between the two groups with BPI-II ≥ 4 (with worsen score in the female one) (p < 0.002). Pain in DM1 patients is highly reported and gender related, with increased fatigue and poor balance/gait in the female group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Angela Palomba
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Barra
- Post Intensive Functional Rehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage Capodimonte, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n. 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
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2
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Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040571. [PMID: 36831237 PMCID: PMC9954118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive multisystemic disease caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat tract within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene (DMPK). Although DM1 is considered to be the most frequent myopathy of genetic origin in adults, DM1 patients exhibit a vast diversity of symptoms, affecting many different organs. Up until now, different in vitro models from patients' derived cells have largely contributed to the current understanding of DM1. Most of those studies have focused on muscle physiopathology. However, regarding the multisystemic aspect of DM1, there is still a crucial need for relevant cellular models to cover the whole complexity of the disease and open up options for new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses how human pluripotent stem cell-based models significantly contributed to DM1 mechanism decoding, and how they provided new therapeutic strategies that led to actual phase III clinical trials.
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3
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Intergenerational Influence of Gender and the DM1 Phenotype of the Transmitting Parent in Korean Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081465. [PMID: 36011377 PMCID: PMC9408469 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common autosomal-dominant disorder caused by the CTG repeat expansion of the DMPK, and it has been categorized into three phenotypes: mild, classic, and congenital DM1. Here, we reviewed the intergenerational influence of gender and phenotype of the transmitting parent on the occurrence of Korean DM1. A total of 44 parent–child pairs matched for the gender of the transmitting parent and the affected child and 29 parent–child pairs matched for the gender and DM1 phenotype of the transmitting parent were reviewed. The CTG repeat size of the DMPK in the affected child was found to be significantly greater when transmitted by a female parent to a female child (DM1-FF) (median, 1309 repeats; range, 400–2083) than when transmitted by a male parent to a male child (650; 160–1030; p = 0.038 and 0.048 using the Tukey HSD and the Bonferroni test) or by a male parent to a female child (480; 94–1140; p = 0.003). The difference in the CTG repeat size of the DMPK between the transmitting parent and the affected child was also lower when transmitted from a male parent with classic DM1 (−235; −280 to 0) compared to when it was transmitted from a female parent with mild DM1 (866; 612–905; p = 0.015 and 0.019) or from a female parent with classic DM1 (DM1-FC) (605; 10–1393; p = 0.005). This study highlights that gender and the DM1 phenotype of the transmitting parent had an impact on the CTG repeat size of the DMPK in the affected child, with greater increases being inherited from the DM1-FF or DM1-FC situations in Korean DM1.
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Bădilă E, Lungu II, Grumezescu AM, Scafa Udriște A. Diagnosis of Cardiac Abnormalities in Muscular Dystrophies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050488. [PMID: 34066119 PMCID: PMC8151418 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Muscular disorders are mainly characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness. There are several aspects that can be monitored, which are used to differentiate between the types of muscular disorders, ranging from the targeted muscle up to the mutated gene. An aspect that holds critical importance when managing muscular dystrophies is that most of them exhibit cardiac abnormalities. Therefore, cardiac imaging is an essential part of muscular disorder monitoring and management. In the first section of the review, several cardiac abnormalities are introduced; afterward, different muscular dystrophies' pathogenesis is presented. Not all muscular dystrophies necessarily present cardiac involvement; however, the ones that do are linked with the cardiac abnormalities described in the first section. Moreover, studies from the last 3 years on muscular disorders are presented alongside imaging techniques used to determine cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta Bădilă
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (A.S.U.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Ioana Lungu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-39-97
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa Udriște
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.B.); (A.S.U.)
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Yahagita Y, Shikino K, Ikusaka M. Grip myotonia. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/5/e240779. [PMID: 33958356 PMCID: PMC8103832 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyoshi Shikino
- General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masatomi Ikusaka
- General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Marsh S, Hanson B, Wood MJA, Varela MA, Roberts TC. Application of CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Treatment of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2527-2539. [PMID: 33171139 PMCID: PMC7704741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a debilitating multisystemic disorder, caused by expansion of a CTG microsatellite repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase) gene. To date, novel therapeutic approaches have focused on transient suppression of the mutant, repeat-expanded RNA. However, recent developments in the field of genome editing have raised the exciting possibility of inducing permanent correction of the DM1 genetic defect. Specifically, repurposing of the prokaryotic CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) system has enabled programmable, site-specific, and multiplex genome editing. CRISPR-based strategies for the treatment of DM1 can be applied either directly to patients, or indirectly through the ex vivo modification of patient-derived cells, and they include excision of the repeat expansion, insertion of synthetic polyadenylation signals upstream of the repeat, steric interference with RNA polymerase II procession through the repeat leading to transcriptional downregulation of DMPK, and direct RNA targeting of the mutant RNA species. Potential obstacles to such therapies are discussed, including the major challenge of Cas9 and guide RNA transgene/ribonuclear protein delivery, off-target gene editing, vector genome insertion at cut sites, on-target unintended mutagenesis (e.g., repeat inversion), pre-existing immunity to Cas9 or AAV antigens, immunogenicity, and Cas9 persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Marsh
- University of Oxford Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Britt Hanson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, UK
| | - Miguel A Varela
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, UK.
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7
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Shinar S, Balakumar P, Shah V, Chong K, Uster T, Chitayat D. Fetal Macrocephaly: A Novel Sonographic Finding in Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. AJP Rep 2020; 10:e294-e299. [PMID: 33133763 PMCID: PMC7591365 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sonographic clues to the diagnosis of congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) are limited, particularly in the absence of family history of myotonic dystrophy (DM). We reviewed cases of CDM for unique prenatal findings. Study Design A single-center case series of fetuses with CMD with characteristic prenatal findings confirmed postnatally. Results Four fetuses with pre- or postnatally diagnosed CDM presented with macrocephaly in utero. While head measurements were appropriate for gestational age until midgestation, third-trimester head circumference and biparietal diameter were both >2 standard deviation (SD) above the mean in all. Abdominal and femur measurements were otherwise appropriate for gestation. Postnatally, the occipitofrontal circumference was >2 SD above the mean in all, confirming the diagnosis of macrocephaly. Conclusion CDM should be included in the differential diagnosis of third-trimester macrocephaly, especially in the presence of additional sonographic clues and when maternal medical history and physical examination are suggestive of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Shinar
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ontario Fetal Centre, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parry Balakumar
- Undergraduate school, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vibhuti Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Chong
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami Uster
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sickkids, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Khristich AN, Mirkin SM. On the wrong DNA track: Molecular mechanisms of repeat-mediated genome instability. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4134-4170. [PMID: 32060097 PMCID: PMC7105313 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansions of simple tandem repeats are responsible for almost 50 human diseases, the majority of which are severe, degenerative, and not currently treatable or preventable. In this review, we first describe the molecular mechanisms of repeat-induced toxicity, which is the connecting link between repeat expansions and pathology. We then survey alternative DNA structures that are formed by expandable repeats and review the evidence that formation of these structures is at the core of repeat instability. Next, we describe the consequences of the presence of long structure-forming repeats at the molecular level: somatic and intergenerational instability, fragility, and repeat-induced mutagenesis. We discuss the reasons for gender bias in intergenerational repeat instability and the tissue specificity of somatic repeat instability. We also review the known pathways in which DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin state interact and thereby promote repeat instability. We then discuss possible reasons for the persistence of disease-causing DNA repeats in the genome. We describe evidence suggesting that these repeats are a payoff for the advantages of having abundant simple-sequence repeats for eukaryotic genome function and evolvability. Finally, we discuss two unresolved fundamental questions: (i) why does repeat behavior differ between model systems and human pedigrees, and (ii) can we use current knowledge on repeat instability mechanisms to cure repeat expansion diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei M Mirkin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155.
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9
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Joosten IBT, Hellebrekers DMEI, de Greef BTA, Smeets HJM, de Die-Smulders CEM, Faber CG, Gerrits MM. Parental repeat length instability in myotonic dystrophy type 1 pre- and protomutations. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:956-962. [PMID: 32203199 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by a CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 19q13.3. While DM1 premutation (36-50 repeats) and protomutation (51-80 repeats) allele carriers are mostly asymptomatic, offspring is at risk of inheriting expanded, symptom-associated, (CTG)n repeats of n > 80. In this study we aimed to evaluate the intergenerational instability of DM1 pre- and protomutation alleles, focussing on the influence of parental gender. One hundred and forty-six parent-child pairs (34 parental premutations, 112 protomutations) were retrospectively selected from the DM1 patient cohort of the Maastricht University Medical Center+. CTG repeat size of parents and children was determined by (triplet-primed) PCR followed by fragment length analysis and Southern blot analysis. Fifty-eight out of eighty-one (71.6%) paternal transmissions led to a (CTG)n repeat of n > 80 in offspring, compared with 15 out of 65 (23.1%) maternal transmissions (p < 0.001). Repeat length instability occurred for paternal (CTG)n repeats of n ≥ 45, while maternal instability did not occur until (CTG)n repeats reached a length of n ≥ 71. Transmission of premutations caused (CTG)n repeats of n > 80 in offspring only when paternally transmitted (two cases), while protomutations caused (CTG)n repeats of n > 80 in offspring in 71 cases, of which 56 (78.9%) were paternally transmitted. In conclusion, our data show that paternally transmitted pre- and protomutations were more unstable than maternally transmitted pre- and protomutations. For genetic counseling, this implies that males with a small DMPK mutation have a higher risk of symptomatic offspring compared with females. Consequently, we suggest addressing sex-dependent factors in genetic counseling of small-sized CTG repeat carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis B T Joosten
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby M E I Hellebrekers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca T A de Greef
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Unit, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Catharina G Faber
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Gerrits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Beatmung bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen. NEUROLOGISCHE BEATMUNGSMEDIZIN 2020. [PMCID: PMC7236064 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-59014-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen betreffen das erste und zweite Motoneuron, die peripheren Nerven, die neuromuskulären Übertragung und die Muskelzelle. Es handelt sich um eine heterogene Gruppe von erblichen, degenerativen und autoimmunen Erkrankungen. Eine korrekte diagnostische Einordnung ist erforderlich, da zentralnervöse, kardiale, endokrine und weitere Begleitsymptome vorliegen können und für einige Erkrankungen bereits medikamentöse Therapien zur Verfügung stehen. Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen haben eine große Bedeutung in der neuromuskulären Beatmungsmedizin. Die respiratorische Symptomatik resultiert in der Regel aus Paresen der am Atmen, Schlucken oder Husten beteiligten Muskulatur mit konsekutiver ventilatorischer Insuffienz, Dysphagie bis hin zur Speichelaspiration und Sekretretention. Mittels eines strukturierte Sekretmanagements und einer effektive nichtinvasive oder invasive Beatmungstherapie können neuromuskuläre Patienten viele Jahre mit guter Lebensqualität überleben. Themen dieses Kapitels sind ein Überblick über die neuromuskulären Erkrankungen, die Indikationen und Strategien der nichtinvasiven und der invasiven Beatmung und eine ausführliche Darstellung beatmungsmedizinisch besonders relevanter neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen wie der amyotrophe Lateralsklerose, des Guillain-Barré-Syndroms, der Myasthenia gravis und der Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathie/-Myopathie.
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11
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Saade JS, Xing C, Gong X, Zhou Z, Mootha VV. Instability of TCF4 Triplet Repeat Expansion With Parent-Child Transmission in Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4065-4070. [PMID: 30098193 PMCID: PMC6088802 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) caused by the CTG triplet repeat expansion in the TCF4 gene (CTG18.1 locus) is the most common repeat expansion disorder. Intergenerational instability of expanded repeats and clinical anticipation are hallmarks of other repeat expansion disorders. In this study, we examine stability of triplet repeat allele length and FECD disease severity in parent–child transmission of the expanded CTG18.1 allele. Methods We studied 44 parent–child transmissions of the mutant expanded CTG18.1 allele from 26 FECD families. The CTG18.1 polymorphism was genotyped using short tandem repeat analysis, triplet repeat primed PCR assay, and Southern blot analysis. FECD severity was assessed using modified Krachmer grading (KG) system. Triplet repeat length of mutant allele and KG severity were compared between generations. Results Instability of the expanded allele was seen in 14 of 44 (31.8%) parent–child transmissions, and the likelihood of an unstable event increased with the size of the parental allele (\begin{document}\newcommand{\bialpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\newcommand{\bibeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\newcommand{\bigamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\newcommand{\bidelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\newcommand{\bivarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\newcommand{\bizeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\newcommand{\bieta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\newcommand{\bitheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\newcommand{\biiota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\newcommand{\bikappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\newcommand{\bilambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\newcommand{\bimu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\newcommand{\binu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\newcommand{\bixi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\newcommand{\biomicron}{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\newcommand{\bipi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\newcommand{\birho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\newcommand{\bisigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\newcommand{\bitau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\newcommand{\biupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\newcommand{\biphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\newcommand{\bichi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\newcommand{\bipsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}\newcommand{\biomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}P = 5.9 \times {10^{ - 3}}\end{document}). A tendency for contraction was seen in transmission of large alleles (repeat length > 120), whereas intermediate alleles (repeat length between 77 and 120) had predilection for further expansion (\begin{document}\newcommand{\bialpha}{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\newcommand{\bibeta}{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\newcommand{\bigamma}{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\newcommand{\bidelta}{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\newcommand{\bivarepsilon}{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\newcommand{\bizeta}{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\newcommand{\bieta}{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\newcommand{\bitheta}{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\newcommand{\biiota}{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\newcommand{\bikappa}{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\newcommand{\bilambda}{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\newcommand{\bimu}{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\newcommand{\binu}{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\newcommand{\bixi}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\newcommand{\biomicron}{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\newcommand{\bipi}{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\newcommand{\birho}{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\newcommand{\bisigma}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\newcommand{\bitau}{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\newcommand{\biupsilon}{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\newcommand{\biphi}{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\newcommand{\bichi}{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\newcommand{\bipsi}{\boldsymbol{\psi}}\newcommand{\biomega}{\boldsymbol{\omega}}P = 1.3 \times {10^{ - 3}}\end{document}). Although we noted increased KG severity in the offspring in three pairs, none of these transmissions were associated with allele instability. Conclusions We observed instability of the TCF4 triplet repeat expansion in nearly a third of parent–child transmissions. Large mutant CTG18.1 alleles are prone to contraction, whereas intermediate mutant alleles tend to expand when unstably transmitted. Intergenerational instability of TCF4 repeat expansion has implications on FECD disease inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S Saade
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - V Vinod Mootha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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12
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Lagrue E, Dogan C, De Antonio M, Audic F, Bach N, Barnerias C, Bellance R, Cances C, Chabrol B, Cuisset JM, Desguerre I, Durigneux J, Espil C, Fradin M, Héron D, Isapof A, Jacquin-Piques A, Journel H, Laroche-Raynaud C, Laugel V, Magot A, Manel V, Mayer M, Péréon Y, Perrier-Boeswillald J, Peudenier S, Quijano-Roy S, Ragot-Mandry S, Richelme C, Rivier F, Sabouraud P, Sarret C, Testard H, Vanhulle C, Walther-Louvier U, Gherardi R, Hamroun D, Bassez G. A large multicenter study of pediatric myotonic dystrophy type 1 for evidence-based management. Neurology 2019; 92:e852-e865. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo genotypically and phenotypically characterize a large pediatric myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) cohort to provide a solid frame of data for future evidence-based health management.MethodsAmong the 2,697 patients with genetically confirmed DM1 included in the French DM-Scope registry, children were enrolled between January 2010 and February 2016 from 24 centers. Comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of most relevant qualitative and quantitative variables was performed.ResultsWe studied 314 children (52% females, with 55% congenital, 31% infantile, 14% juvenile form). The age at inclusion was inversely correlated with the CTG repeat length. The paternal transmission rate was higher than expected, especially in the congenital form (13%). A continuum of highly prevalent neurodevelopmental alterations was observed, including cognitive slowing (83%), attention deficit (64%), written language (64%), and spoken language (63%) disorders. Five percent exhibited autism spectrum disorders. Overall, musculoskeletal impairment was mild. Despite low prevalence, cardiorespiratory impairment could be life-threatening, and frequently occurred early in the first decade (25.9%). Gastrointestinal symptoms (27%) and cataracts (7%) were more frequent than expected, while endocrine or metabolic disorders were scarce.ConclusionsThe pedDM-Scope study details the main genotype and phenotype characteristics of the 3 DM1 pediatric subgroups. It highlights striking profiles that could be useful in health care management (including transition into adulthood) and health policy planning.
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13
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Lamacie MM, Warman-Chardon J, Crean AM, Florian A, Wahbi K. The Added Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Muscular Dystrophies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:389-399. [PMID: 31561382 PMCID: PMC6918915 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) represent a heterogeneous group of rare genetic diseases that often lead to significant weakness due to progressive muscle degeneration. In many forms of MD, cardiac manifestations including heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities can occur and may be a predominant feature of the disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can assess cardiac anatomy, global and regional ventricular function, volumes and mass as well as presence of myocardial inflammation, infiltration or fibrosis. The role for cardiac MRI has been well-established in a wide range of muscular dystrophies related cardiomyopathies. CMR is a more sensitive technique than echocardiography for early diagnosis of cardiac involvement. It has also great potential to improve the prediction of long-term outcome, particularly the development of heart failure and arrhythmic events; however it still has to be validated by longitudinal studies including large populations. This review will outline the utility of CMR in patients with muscular dystrophies for assessment of myocardial involvement, risk stratification, and in guiding therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Lamacie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Crean
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anca Florian
- Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Karim Wahbi
- APHP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, FILNEMUS, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France; INSERM Unit, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Paris, France
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14
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Feingold B, Mahle WT, Auerbach S, Clemens P, Domenighetti AA, Jefferies JL, Judge DP, Lal AK, Markham LW, Parks WJ, Tsuda T, Wang PJ, Yoo SJ. Management of Cardiac Involvement Associated With Neuromuscular Diseases: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 136:e200-e231. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Simard O, Niavarani SR, Gaudreault V, Boissonneault G. Torsional stress promotes trinucleotidic expansion in spermatids. Mutat Res 2017; 800-802:1-7. [PMID: 28412438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeats are involved in various neurodegenerative diseases and are highly unstable both in dividing or non-dividing cells. In Huntington disease (HD), the age of onset of symptoms is inversely correlated to the number of CAG repeats within exon 1 of the HTT gene. HD shows paternal anticipation as CAG repeats are increased during spermatogenesis. CAG expansion were indeed found to be generated during the chromatin remodeling in spermatids where most histones are evicted and replaced by protamines. This process involves striking change in DNA topology since free supercoils must be eliminated. Using an in vitro CAG repeat reporter assay and a highly active nuclear extracts from spermatids, we demonstrate that free negative supercoils result in CAG TNR expansion at a stabilized hairpin. We also suggest a possible role for protamines in promoting localized torsional stress and consequently TNR expansion. The transient increase in torsional stress during spermiogenesis may therefore provide an ideal context for the generation of such secondary DNA structures leading to the paternal anticipation of trinucleotidic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Simard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Virginie Gaudreault
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Guylain Boissonneault
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
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16
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Barbé L, Lanni S, López-Castel A, Franck S, Spits C, Keymolen K, Seneca S, Tomé S, Miron I, Letourneau J, Liang M, Choufani S, Weksberg R, Wilson MD, Sedlacek Z, Gagnon C, Musova Z, Chitayat D, Shannon P, Mathieu J, Sermon K, Pearson CE. CpG Methylation, a Parent-of-Origin Effect for Maternal-Biased Transmission of Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:488-505. [PMID: 28257691 PMCID: PMC5339342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CTG repeat expansions in DMPK cause myotonic dystrophy (DM1) with a continuum of severity and ages of onset. Congenital DM1 (CDM1), the most severe form, presents distinct clinical features, large expansions, and almost exclusive maternal transmission. The correlation between CDM1 and expansion size is not absolute, suggesting contributions of other factors. We determined CpG methylation flanking the CTG repeat in 79 blood samples from 20 CDM1-affected individuals; 21, 27, and 11 individuals with DM1 but not CDM1 (henceforth non-CDM1) with maternal, paternal, and unknown inheritance; and collections of maternally and paternally derived chorionic villus samples (7 CVSs) and human embryonic stem cells (4 hESCs). All but two CDM1-affected individuals showed high levels of methylation upstream and downstream of the repeat, greater than non-CDM1 individuals (p = 7.04958 × 10−12). Most non-CDM1 individuals were devoid of methylation, where one in six showed downstream methylation. Only two non-CDM1 individuals showed upstream methylation, and these were maternally derived childhood onset, suggesting a continuum of methylation with age of onset. Only maternally derived hESCs and CVSs showed upstream methylation. In contrast, paternally derived samples (27 blood samples, 3 CVSs, and 2 hESCs) never showed upstream methylation. CTG tract length did not strictly correlate with CDM1 or methylation. Thus, methylation patterns flanking the CTG repeat are stronger indicators of CDM1 than repeat size. Spermatogonia with upstream methylation may not survive due to methylation-induced reduced expression of the adjacent SIX5, thereby protecting DM1-affected fathers from having CDM1-affected children. Thus, DMPK methylation may account for the maternal bias for CDM1 transmission, larger maternal CTG expansions, age of onset, and clinical continuum, and may serve as a diagnostic indicator.
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17
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van Agtmaal EL, André LM, Willemse M, Cumming SA, van Kessel IDG, van den Broek WJAA, Gourdon G, Furling D, Mouly V, Monckton DG, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced (CTG⋅CAG) n Repeat Instability in the Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Locus: Implications for Therapeutic Genome Editing. Mol Ther 2017; 25:24-43. [PMID: 28129118 PMCID: PMC5363205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by (CTG⋅CAG)n-repeat expansion within the DMPK gene and thought to be mediated by a toxic RNA gain of function. Current attempts to develop therapy for this disease mainly aim at destroying or blocking abnormal properties of mutant DMPK (CUG)n RNA. Here, we explored a DNA-directed strategy and demonstrate that single clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-cleavage in either its 5' or 3' unique flank promotes uncontrollable deletion of large segments from the expanded trinucleotide repeat, rather than formation of short indels usually seen after double-strand break repair. Complete and precise excision of the repeat tract from normal and large expanded DMPK alleles in myoblasts from unaffected individuals, DM1 patients, and a DM1 mouse model could be achieved at high frequency by dual CRISPR/Cas9-cleavage at either side of the (CTG⋅CAG)n sequence. Importantly, removal of the repeat appeared to have no detrimental effects on the expression of genes in the DM1 locus. Moreover, myogenic capacity, nucleocytoplasmic distribution, and abnormal RNP-binding behavior of transcripts from the edited DMPK gene were normalized. Dual sgRNA-guided excision of the (CTG⋅CAG)n tract by CRISPR/Cas9 technology is applicable for developing isogenic cell lines for research and may provide new therapeutic opportunities for patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L van Agtmaal
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurène M André
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Cumming
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ingeborg D G van Kessel
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Walther J A A van den Broek
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geneviève Gourdon
- Inserm UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Denis Furling
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Inserm UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Darren G Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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