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Damon J, Chase C, Higashimoto T. Primary amenorrhea in myotonic dystrophy type 1: Initial presentation versus incidental finding on whole genome sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63650. [PMID: 38709060 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant condition due to a CTG repeat expansion in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This multisystem disorder affects multiple organ systems. Hypogonadism in males affected by myotonic dystrophy is commonly reported; however, the effect on female hypogonadism remains controversial. A 19-year-old female was referred to our genetics clinic due to primary amenorrhea without any family history of similar symptoms. Initial genetics evaluation identified a variant of uncertain significance in IGSF10, c.2210T>C (p.Phe737Ser). Follow-up genetic evaluation via whole genome sequencing identified at least 100 CTG repeats in the DMPK gene, thus resulting in the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1. The patient remains otherwise asymptomatic from myotonic dystrophy. This is the first report that demonstrates primary amenorrhea as a possible presenting feature of myotonic dystrophy type 1, thus providing evidence supporting female hypogonadism in myotonic dystrophy type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Damon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Colby Chase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomoyasu Higashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Franco-Romero A, Leduc-Gaudet JP, Hussain SNA, Gouspillou G, Sandri M. PHAF1/MYTHO is a novel autophagy regulator that controls muscle integrity. Autophagy 2024; 20:965-967. [PMID: 37309183 PMCID: PMC11062385 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2224206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play key roles in movement, posture, thermogenesis, and whole-body metabolism. Autophagy plays essential roles in the regulation of muscle mass, function and integrity. However, the molecular machinery that regulates autophagy is still incompletely understood. In our recent study, we identified and characterized a novel Forkhead Box O (FoxO)-dependent gene, PHAF1/MYTHO (phagophore assembly factor 1/macro-autophagy and youth optimizer), as a novel autophagy regulator that controls muscle integrity. MYTHO/PHAF1 is upregulated in multiple conditions leading to muscle atrophy, and downregulation of its expression spares muscle atrophy triggered by fasting, denervation, cachexia and sepsis. Overexpression of PHAF1/MYTHO is sufficient to induce muscle atrophy. Prolonged downregulation of PHAF1/MYTHO causes a severe myopathic phenotype, which is characterized by impaired autophagy, muscle weakness, myofiber degeneration, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) hyperactivation and extensive ultrastructural defects, such as accumulation of proteinaceous and membranous structures and tubular aggregates. This myopathic phenotype is attenuated upon administration of the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. These findings position PHAF1/MYTHO as a novel regulator of skeletal muscle autophagy and tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Franco-Romero
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Jean Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, PD, Italy
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Uqàm, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabah NA Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences de l’activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Uqàm, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, PD, Italy
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Zhang Y, Ren R, Yang L, Jin H, Nie Y, Zhang H, Shi Y, Sanford LD, Vitiello MV, Tang X. Polysomnographic findings of myotonic dystrophy type 1/type 2: evidence from case-control studies. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad280. [PMID: 37967212 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study explores polysomnographic and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) differences between myotonic dystrophy type 1/type 2 (DM1/DM2) patients and controls. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, All EBM databases, and Web of Science from inception to Aug 2023. RESULTS Meta-analyses revealed significant reductions in sleep efficiency, N2 percentage, mean SpO2, and MSLT measured mean sleep latency, and increases in N3 sleep, wake time after sleep onset, apnea hypopnea index, and periodic limb movement index in DM1 patients compared with controls. However, any differences of polysomnographic sleep change between DM2 patients and controls could not be established due to limited available studies. CONCLUSIONS Multiple significant polysomnographic abnormalities are present in DM1. More case-control studies evaluating polysomnographic changes in DM2 compared with controls are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ren
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linghui Yang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuru Nie
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Larry D Sanford
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Suzuki A, Hayashi K, Nakaya Y, Hayashi M, Hayashi K, Kobayashi Y, Sato M. Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus-Like Appearance in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Cureus 2024; 16:e53130. [PMID: 38420055 PMCID: PMC10899733 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the monogenic neurological diseases that neurologists most often experience. DM1 can develop several symptoms, including muscle weakness, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive decline. Other hand, normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is more frequent in the elderly population and is characterized by a triad of symptoms, gait disturbance, urinary urge incontinence, and cognitive decline. Therefore, some symptoms overlap between DM1 and NPH. In this report, we described a case of DM1 that presented with a triad of NPH, and NPH-like changes in brain images. A 54-year-old man with DM1 visited our hospital for rehabilitation. He had a history of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cataracts. He developed muscle weakness, blepharoptosis, and dysarthria at 43 years. Neuro-exam revealed percussion and grip myotonia, distal muscle weakness and atrophy, broad-based gait, and urinary incontinence. The mini-mental state examination score was 18. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlarged lateral and third ventricles and Evans index was 0.38 (NPH criterion; >0.3), which was mimicking for NPH. Tap test (TT) was evaluated twice. First TT improved clinical symptoms slightly, but second was unremarkable. Based on the second TT result, we could not diagnose with NPH and could prevent unnecessary surgical shunting. Brain imaging of DM1 can show an NPH-like appearance in patients older than 50. Although TT is the gold standard for diagnosing NPH, its sensitivity and specificity vary among reports. TT results should be interpreted with caution before performing a surgical shunt. If necessary, multiple TTs should be considered in DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui General Hospital, Fukui, JPN
| | - Koji Hayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui General Hospital, Fukui, JPN
| | - Yuka Nakaya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui General Hospital, Fukui, JPN
| | - Maho Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui General Hospital, Fukui, JPN
| | - Kouji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Health Science, Fukui Health Science University, Fukui, JPN
| | - Yasutaka Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Health Science, Fukui Health Science University, Fukui, JPN
| | - Mamiko Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fukui General Hospital, Fukui, JPN
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Rho Y, Chon J, Yoo MC, Shim GY, Chung SJ, Soh Y. Acute cricopharyngeal achalasia after general anesthesia in myotonic dystrophy: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36378. [PMID: 38050269 PMCID: PMC10695545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1) is a progressive multisystem genetic disorder that causes myotonia and both distal limb and facial/neck muscle weakness by expanding the CTG repeats of the DMPK gene in chromosome 19q13.3. General anesthesia is indicated in DM-1 patients owing to their sensitivity to anesthetic drugs such as opioids, hypnotics, and neuromuscular blocking agents. PATIENT CONCERNS A 48-year-old male patient underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones under general anesthesia. He experienced sudden cardiac arrest and respiratory failure the day after surgery. After a thorough review of past medical history, we recognized that 15 years prior, he had been diagnosed with classic type DM-1, but the diagnosis was not self-reported before general anesthesia. Symptoms of severe dysphagia developed subsequently. In a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), we observed abrupt aggravation of myotonic dysphagia after general anesthesia. VFSS revealed cricopharyngeal opening dysfunction, with a remaining large residue in the pyriform sinus, resulting in a severe cricopharyngeal achalasia pattern. DIAGNOSIS Acute cricopharyngeal achalasia after general anesthesia. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME The patient underwent a dysphagia rehabilitation program that included cricopharyngeal opening exercises and functional electrical stimulation. However, no significant improvement was observed in the cricopharyngeal achalasia in a 3-month follow-up VFSS. LESSONS Low body temperature and anesthetic medications such as opioids and hypnotic agents can induce myotonia in the cricopharyngeal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Rho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmann Chon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Yang Shim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Soh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Evlice B, Duyan Yuksel H, Evlice A, Koc F. The effect of myotonic dystrophy type 1 on temporomandibular joint and dentofacial morphology: A CBCT analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:958-964. [PMID: 37294889 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular multisystem disease. Early involvement of facial muscles may produce an extra load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in DM1. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the morphological analyses of the bone components of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and dentofacial morphology in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Sixty-six individuals (33 DM1, and 33 healthy subjects) age ranging from 20 to 69 were included in the study. Clinical examinations of the patients' TMJ regions and evaluation of dentofacial morphology (maxillary deficiency, open-bite, deep palate and cross-bite) were performed. Dental occlusion was determined based on Angle's classification. CBCT images were evaluated regarding mandibular condyle morphology (convex, angled, flat and round) and osseous changes observed in the condyle (normal, osteophyte, erosion, flattening, sclerosis). DM1-specific morphological and bony TMJ alterations were determined. RESULTS DM1 patients showed a high prevalence of morphological and osseous TMJ changes, and statistically significant skeletal alterations. The analysis of CBCT scans indicated the prevalent condylar shape among patients with DM1 was flat, the main osseous abnormality was flattening, there was a tendency towards skeletal Class II and a posterior cross-bite was frequently detected in DM1 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders on the parameters evaluated in both groups. CONCLUSION Adult patients with DM1 presented a high frequency of crossbite, tendency to skeletal Class II and morphological osseous alterations of TMJ. The analysis of the morphological condylar alterations in patients with DM1 may be beneficial in the diagnosis of TMJ disorders. This study reveals DM1-specific morphological and osseous TMJ alterations to provide an appropriate orthodontic/orthognathic treatment planning to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Evlice
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hazal Duyan Yuksel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Evlice
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Filiz Koc
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Ginjupalli VKM, Cupelli M, Reisqs JB, Sleiman Y, El-Sherif N, Gourdon G, Puymirat J, Chahine M, Boutjdir M. Electrophysiological basis of cardiac arrhythmia in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1257682. [PMID: 37811496 PMCID: PMC10551179 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1257682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic genetic disorder caused by the increased number of CTG repeats in 3' UTR of Dystrophia Myotonia Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene. DM1 patients experience conduction abnormalities as well as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias with increased susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. The ionic basis of these electrical abnormalities is poorly understood. Methods: We evaluated the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) and key ion currents underlying the action potential (AP) in a mouse model of DM1, DMSXL, which express over 1000 CTG repeats. Sodium current (INa), L-type calcium current (ICaL), transient outward potassium current (Ito), and APs were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Results: Arrhythmic events on the ECG including sinus bradycardia, conduction defects, and premature ventricular and atrial arrhythmias were observed in DMSXL homozygous mice but not in WT mice. PR interval shortening was observed in homozygous mice while ECG parameters such as QRS duration, and QTc did not change. Further, flecainide prolonged PR, QRS, and QTc visually in DMSXL homozygous mice. At the single ventricular myocyte level, we observed a reduced current density for Ito and ICaL with a positive shift in steady state activation of L-type calcium channels carrying ICaL in DMSXL homozygous mice compared with WT mice. INa densities and action potential duration did not change between DMSXL and WT mice. Conclusion: The reduced current densities of Ito, and ICaL and alterations in gating properties in L-type calcium channels may contribute to the ECG abnormalities in the DMSXL mouse model of DM1. These findings open new avenues for novel targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Krishna Murthy Ginjupalli
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Cupelli
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Reisqs
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Nabil El-Sherif
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Genevieve Gourdon
- Centre de recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jack Puymirat
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- CERVO Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Health care System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Pierre M, Djemai M, Chapotte-Baldacci CA, Pouliot V, Puymirat J, Boutjdir M, Chahine M. Cardiac involvement in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells of myotonic dystrophy type 1: unveiling the impact of voltage-gated sodium channels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1258318. [PMID: 37791351 PMCID: PMC10544896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1258318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic disorder that causes muscle weakness and myotonia. In DM1 patients, cardiac electrical manifestations include conduction defects and atrial fibrillation. DM1 results in the expansion of a CTG transcribed into CUG-containing transcripts that accumulate in the nucleus as RNA foci and alter the activity of several splicing regulators. The underlying pathological mechanism involves two key RNA-binding proteins (MBNL and CELF) with expanded CUG repeats that sequester MBNL and alter the activity of CELF resulting in spliceopathy and abnormal electrical activity. In the present study, we identified two DM1 patients with heart conduction abnormalities and characterized their hiPSC lines. Two differentiation protocols were used to investigate both the ventricular and the atrial electrophysiological aspects of DM1 and unveil the impact of the mutation on voltage-gated ion channels, electrical activity, and calcium homeostasis in DM1 cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs. Our analysis revealed the presence of molecular hallmarks of DM1, including the accumulation of RNA foci and sequestration of MBNL1 in DM1 hiPSC-CMs. We also observed mis-splicing of SCN5A and haploinsufficiency of DMPK. Furthermore, we conducted separate characterizations of atrial and ventricular electrical activity, conduction properties, and calcium homeostasis. Both DM1 cell lines exhibited reduced density of sodium and calcium currents, prolonged action potential duration, slower conduction velocity, and impaired calcium transient propagation in both ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes. Notably, arrhythmogenic events were recorded, including both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias were observed in the two DM1 cell lines. These findings enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying DM1 and provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of ventricular and atrial involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jack Puymirat
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Guimarães MDLR, Ribeiro MCT, Barbosa TADS, Costa LGDF, Bastos PS. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment with Oral Appliance in a Myotonic Dystrophy Type I Subject: A Case Report. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e375-e380. [PMID: 38196758 PMCID: PMC10773523 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective to report a myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1) subject with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated with oral appliance. Methods A review of individual's history and records, associated with a photographic register of all diagnostic methods and literature research about the topic were done. Final Statements This case depicts the therapeutical choices disposable to treat subjects with obstructive sleep apnea and DM1. Although considered an uncommon treatment, the oral appliances, if well indicated in adequately selected cases, can satisfactorily improve respiratory parameters, symptoms and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Souza Bastos
- Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Setor de Eletrodiagnósticos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Giménez-Bejarano A, Alegre-Cortés E, Yakhine-Diop SMS, Gómez-Suaga P, Fuentes JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Repeat Expansion Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1593. [PMID: 37627588 PMCID: PMC10451345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeat expansion diseases are a group of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders characterized by expansions of several successive repeated DNA sequences. Currently, more than 50 repeat expansion diseases have been described. These disorders involve diverse pathogenic mechanisms, including loss-of-function mechanisms, toxicity associated with repeat RNA, or repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) products, resulting in impairments of cellular processes and damaged organelles. Mitochondria, double membrane organelles, play a crucial role in cell energy production, metabolic processes, calcium regulation, redox balance, and apoptosis regulation. Its dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of repeat expansion diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the signaling pathways or proteins involved in mitochondrial functioning described in these disorders. The focus of this review will be on the analysis of published data related to three representative repeat expansion diseases: Huntington's disease, C9orf72-frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. We will discuss the common effects observed in all three repeat expansion disorders and their differences. Additionally, we will address the current gaps in knowledge and propose possible new lines of research. Importantly, this group of disorders exhibit alterations in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, with specific proteins involved in these processes having been identified. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial alterations in these disorders can potentially lead to the development of neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giménez-Bejarano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (P.G.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativa, Instituto de Salus Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eva Alegre-Cortés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (P.G.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativa, Instituto de Salus Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (P.G.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativa, Instituto de Salus Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Suaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (P.G.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativa, Instituto de Salus Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José M. Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (E.A.-C.); (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (P.G.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativa, Instituto de Salus Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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11
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Wan J, Zhao L, Jin P. A case of early onset diabetes with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 48:930-934. [PMID: 37587079 PMCID: PMC10930443 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1, OMIM 160900) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease. A case of DM1 patient with early onset diabetes and decreased muscle strength was treated in the Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The peripheral blood of the patient was collected to extract DNA for gene detection. It was found that the triple nucleotide CTG repeat in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene was more than 100 times, and the diagnosis of DM1 was clear. For diabetes patients with multiple system abnormalities such as muscle symptoms, attention should be paid to the screening of DM1, a rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. ,
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12
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Porquet F, Weidong L, Jehasse K, Gazon H, Kondili M, Blacher S, Massotte L, Di Valentin E, Furling D, Gillet NA, Klein AF, Seutin V, Willems L. Specific DMPK-promoter targeting by CRISPRi reverses myotonic dystrophy type 1-associated defects in patient muscle cells. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:857-871. [PMID: 37273786 PMCID: PMC10238591 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disease that originates from an expansion of CTG microsatellites in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene, thus leading to the expression of transcripts containing expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp). The pathophysiology is explained by a toxic RNA gain of function where CUGexp RNAs form nuclear aggregates that sequester and alter the function of MBNL splicing factors, triggering splicing misregulation linked to the DM1 symptoms. There is currently no cure for DM1, and most therapeutic strategies aim at eliminating CUGexp-DMPK transcripts. Here, we investigate a DMPK-promoter silencing strategy using CRISPR interference as a new alternative approach. Different sgRNAs targeting the DMPK promoter are evaluated in DM1 patient muscle cells. The most effective guides allowed us to reduce the level of DMPK transcripts and CUGexp-RNA aggregates up to 80%. The CUGexp-DMPK repression corrects the overall transcriptome, including spliceopathy, and reverses a physiological parameter in DM1 muscle cells. Its action is specific and restricted to the DMPK gene, as confirmed by genome-wide expression analysis. Altogether, our findings highlight DMPK-promoter silencing by CRISPRi as a promising therapeutic approach for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Porquet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA-Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lin Weidong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA-Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kévin Jehasse
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Gazon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA-Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria Kondili
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Biology of Tumor and Development, GIGA-Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Massotte
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Albert Gillet
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (URVI), University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud François Klein
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Seutin
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Luc Willems
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA-Cancer, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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13
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El Boujnouni N, van der Bent ML, Willemse M, ’t Hoen PA, Brock R, Wansink DG. Block or degrade? Balancing on- and off-target effects of antisense strategies against transcripts with expanded triplet repeats in DM1. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:622-636. [PMID: 37200862 PMCID: PMC10185704 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) are based on elimination of transcripts containing an expanded repeat or inhibition of sequestration of RNA-binding proteins. This activity is achievable by both degradation of expanded transcripts and steric hindrance, although it is unknown which approach is superior. We compared blocking ASOs with RNase H-recruiting gapmers of equivalent chemistries. Two DMPK target sequences were selected: the triplet repeat and a unique sequence upstream thereof. We assessed ASO effects on transcript levels, ribonucleoprotein foci and disease-associated missplicing, and performed RNA sequencing to investigate on- and off-target effects. Both gapmers and the repeat blocker led to significant DMPK knockdown and a reduction in (CUG)exp foci. However, the repeat blocker was more effective in MBNL1 protein displacement and had superior efficiency in splicing correction at the tested dose of 100 nM. By comparison, on a transcriptome level, the blocking ASO had the fewest off-target effects. In particular, the off-target profile of the repeat gapmer asks for cautious consideration in further therapeutic development. Altogether, our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating both on-target and downstream effects of ASOs in a DM1 context, and provides guiding principles for safe and effective targeting of toxic transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua El Boujnouni
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M. Leontien van der Bent
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.C. ’t Hoen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 293, Bahrain
- Corresponding author Roland Brock, Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Derick G. Wansink
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author Derick G. Wansink, Department of Medical BioSciences, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Varga D, Perecz B, Fülöp K, Sipos A, Janszky JV, Hajdú N, Pál E. Urinary titin in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Muscle Nerve 2023. [PMID: 37291994 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Urinary titin, an easy-to-obtain marker, has been investigated in muscular dystrophies, but not in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We investigated the role of titin as a biomarker of muscle injury in DM1. METHODS We compared the urinary titin N-fragment/creatinine ratio in 29 patients with DM1 vs. 30 healthy controls. We also recorded clinical data such as muscle strength, serum creatine kinase, DM1-related outcome measures, and the 20-item DM1-activ questionnaire. The severity of the disease was graded using the Muscular Impairment Rating Scale (MIRS). RESULTS The titin/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in the urine samples of DM1 patients than of healthy controls (median ± mean absolute deviation [MAD]: 39.313 ± 26.546 vs. 6.768 ± 5.245 pmol/mg creatinine; P < .001), and was related to muscle impairment graded by MIRS (τ = 0.503, P = .038). DISCUSSION Urinary titin may be a biomarker for DM1. Long-term follow-up of DM1 patients is needed to investigate the potential role of titin as a biomarker for disease activity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Varga
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Perecz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Fülöp
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Unit, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Sipos
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Nándor Hajdú
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Pál
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology Unit, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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15
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Goñi Ros N, Sienes Bailo P, González Tarancón R, Martorell Sampol L, Izquierdo Álvarez S. No increase in the CTG repeat size during transmission from parent with expanded allele: false suspicion of contraction phenomenon. Adv Lab Med 2023; 4:185-194. [PMID: 38075944 PMCID: PMC10701496 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), also known as Steinert's disease, is a chronic, progressive and disabling multisystemic disorder with a broad spectrum of severity that arises from an autosomal-dominant expansion of the Cytosine-Thymine-Guanine (CTG) triplet repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene (19q13.3). Case presentation In this study, we report the case of a family with several intergenerational expansions of the CTG repeat, with an additional case of a false suspicion of contraction phenomenon due to TP-PCR limitations. Conclusions The meiotic instability of the (CTG)n repeats leads to genetic anticipation where increased size of DM1 mutation and a more severe phenotype have been reported in affected individuals across generations. Even if extremely rare, a decrease in the CTG repeat size during transmission from parents to child can also occur, most frequently during paternal transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Goñi Ros
- Servicio de Genética y Bioquímica Clinica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Sienes Bailo
- Servicio de Genética y Bioquímica Clinica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Izquierdo Álvarez
- Servicio de Genética y Bioquímica Clinica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Mikhail AI, Ng SY, Mattina SR, Ljubicic V. AMPK is mitochondrial medicine for neuromuscular disorders. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00070-9. [PMID: 37080889 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most prevalent neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) in children and adults. Central to a healthy neuromuscular system are the processes that govern mitochondrial turnover and dynamics, which are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Here, we survey mitochondrial stresses that are common between, as well as unique to, DMD, DM1, and SMA, and which may serve as potential therapeutic targets to mitigate neuromuscular disease. We also highlight recent advances that leverage a mutation-agnostic strategy featuring physiological or pharmacological AMPK activation to enhance mitochondrial health in these conditions, as well as identify outstanding questions and opportunities for future pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Mikhail
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sean Y Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephanie R Mattina
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Liguori S, Moretti A, Toro G, Paoletta M, Palomba A, Barra G, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G. Pain and Motor Function in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5244. [PMID: 37047859 PMCID: PMC10094252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pain is an underestimated finding in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We provide a characterization of pain in terms of functional implications through a multidimensional assessment in patients with DM1, focusing on gender differences. We assessed pain through the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and its indexes (the Severity Index (SI) and the Interference Index (II)), balance/gait (the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)), functional abilities (the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)), and fatigue (the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)). We divided our sample into a mild (<4) and a moderate-severe group (≥4) based on BPI indexes. A between-group analysis was performed. We recruited 23 males and 22 females with DM1. A statistically significant difference was found for the FSS and the BPI-SI ≥ 4, and for all outcomes in the BPI-II ≥ 4 (p ≤ 0.003). In the female group, all outcomes except for the FIM were statistically significantly worse (p ≤ 0.004). Dividing our sample into four groups based on gender and the BPI, a statistically significant difference was found for FSS between the two groups with BPI-II ≥ 4 (with worsen score in the female one) (p < 0.002). Pain in DM1 patients is highly reported and gender related, with increased fatigue and poor balance/gait in the female group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Angela Palomba
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Barra
- Post Intensive Functional Rehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Diagnosi e Cura Hermitage Capodimonte, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n. 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio n. 4, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.)
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18
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Russo V, Capolongo A, Bottino R, Carbone A, Palladino A, Liccardo B, Nigro G, Marchel M, Golino P, D’Andrea A. Echocardiographic Features of Cardiac Involvement in Myotonic Dystrophy 1: Prevalence and Prognostic Value. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051947. [PMID: 36902735 PMCID: PMC10004242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. Cardiac involvement is reported in 80% of cases and includes conduction disturbances, arrhythmias, subclinical diastolic and systolic dysfunction in the early stage of the disease; in contrast, severe ventricular systolic dysfunction occurs in the late stage of the disease. Echocardiography is recommended at the time of diagnosis with periodic revaluation in DM1 patients, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Data regarding the echocardiographic findings in DM1 patients are few and conflicting. This narrative review aimed to describe the echocardiographic features of DM1 patients and their prognostic role as predictors of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817062815
| | - Antonio Capolongo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Andreina Carbone
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Palladino
- Cardiomyology and Genetic Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Liccardo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nigro
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Michał Marchel
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paolo Golino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello D’Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy
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19
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Souidi A, Nakamori M, Zmojdzian M, Jagla T, Renaud Y, Jagla K. Deregulations of miR-1 and its target Multiplexin promote dilated cardiomyopathy associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56616. [PMID: 36852954 PMCID: PMC10074075 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. It is caused by the excessive expansion of noncoding CTG repeats, which when transcribed affects the functions of RNA-binding factors with adverse effects on alternative splicing, processing, and stability of a large set of muscular and cardiac transcripts. Among these effects, inefficient processing and down-regulation of muscle- and heart-specific miRNA, miR-1, have been reported in DM1 patients, but the impact of reduced miR-1 on DM1 pathogenesis has been unknown. Here, we use Drosophila DM1 models to explore the role of miR-1 in cardiac dysfunction in DM1. We show that miR-1 down-regulation in the heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a DM1-associated phenotype. We combined in silico screening for miR-1 targets with transcriptional profiling of DM1 cardiac cells to identify miR-1 target genes with potential roles in DCM. We identify Multiplexin (Mp) as a new cardiac miR-1 target involved in DM1. Mp encodes a collagen protein involved in cardiac tube formation in Drosophila. Mp and its human ortholog Col15A1 are both highly enriched in cardiac cells of DCM-developing DM1 flies and in heart samples from DM1 patients with DCM, respectively. When overexpressed in the heart, Mp induces DCM, whereas its attenuation rescues the DCM phenotype of aged DM1 flies. Reduced levels of miR-1 and consecutive up-regulation of its target Mp/Col15A1 might be critical in DM1-associated DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Souidi
- iGReD Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Masayuki Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Monika Zmojdzian
- iGReD Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Teresa Jagla
- iGReD Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yoan Renaud
- iGReD Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- iGReD Genetics Reproduction and Development Institute, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Neault N, Ravel-Chapuis A, Baird SD, Lunde JA, Poirier M, Staykov E, Plaza-Diaz J, Medina G, Abadía-Molina F, Jasmin BJ, MacKenzie AE. Vorinostat Improves Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Splicing Abnormalities in DM1 Muscle Cell Lines and Skeletal Muscle from a DM1 Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043794. [PMID: 36835205 PMCID: PMC9964082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, is caused by an abnormal expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The expanded repeats of the DMPK mRNA form hairpin structures in vitro, which cause misregulation and/or sequestration of proteins including the splicing regulator muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). In turn, misregulation and sequestration of such proteins result in the aberrant alternative splicing of diverse mRNAs and underlie, at least in part, DM1 pathogenesis. It has been previously shown that disaggregating RNA foci repletes free MBNL1, rescues DM1 spliceopathy, and alleviates associated symptoms such as myotonia. Using an FDA-approved drug library, we have screened for a reduction of CUG foci in patient muscle cells and identified the HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat, as an inhibitor of foci formation; SERCA1 (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) spliceopathy was also improved by vorinostat treatment. Vorinostat treatment in a mouse model of DM1 (human skeletal actin-long repeat; HSALR) improved several spliceopathies, reduced muscle central nucleation, and restored chloride channel levels at the sarcolemma. Our in vitro and in vivo evidence showing amelioration of several DM1 disease markers marks vorinostat as a promising novel DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Neault
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Baird
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - John A. Lunde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Poirier
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Emiliyan Staykov
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Medina
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Francisco Abadía-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Bernard J. Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alex E. MacKenzie
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Eric Poulin Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-2772
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21
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Bérenger-Currias N, Martinat C, Baghdoyan S. Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36831237 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive multisystemic disease caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat tract within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene (DMPK). Although DM1 is considered to be the most frequent myopathy of genetic origin in adults, DM1 patients exhibit a vast diversity of symptoms, affecting many different organs. Up until now, different in vitro models from patients' derived cells have largely contributed to the current understanding of DM1. Most of those studies have focused on muscle physiopathology. However, regarding the multisystemic aspect of DM1, there is still a crucial need for relevant cellular models to cover the whole complexity of the disease and open up options for new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses how human pluripotent stem cell-based models significantly contributed to DM1 mechanism decoding, and how they provided new therapeutic strategies that led to actual phase III clinical trials.
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22
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Costa A, Cruz AC, Martins F, Rebelo S. Protein Phosphorylation Alterations in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043091. [PMID: 36834509 PMCID: PMC9965115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most common muscular dystrophies in adults is Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by myotonia, muscle wasting and weakness, and multisystemic dysfunctions. This disorder is caused by an abnormal expansion of the CTG triplet at the DMPK gene that, when transcribed to expanded mRNA, can lead to RNA toxic gain of function, alternative splicing impairments, and dysfunction of different signaling pathways, many regulated by protein phosphorylation. In order to deeply characterize the protein phosphorylation alterations in DM1, a systematic review was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science databases. From a total of 962 articles screened, 41 were included for qualitative analysis, where we retrieved information about total and phosphorylated levels of protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and phosphoproteins in DM1 human samples and animal and cell models. Twenty-nine kinases, 3 phosphatases, and 17 phosphoproteins were reported altered in DM1. Signaling pathways that regulate cell functions such as glucose metabolism, cell cycle, myogenesis, and apoptosis were impaired, as seen by significant alterations to pathways such as AKT/mTOR, MEK/ERK, PKC/CUGBP1, AMPK, and others in DM1 samples. This explains the complexity of DM1 and its different manifestations and symptoms, such as increased insulin resistance and cancer risk. Further studies can be done to complement and explore in detail specific pathways and how their regulation is altered in DM1, to find what key phosphorylation alterations are responsible for these manifestations, and ultimately to find therapeutic targets for future treatments.
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23
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Tahraoui-Bories J, Mérien A, González-Barriga A, Lainé J, Leteur C, Polvèche H, Carteron A, De Lamotte JD, Nicoleau C, Polentes J, Jarrige M, Gomes-Pereira M, Ventre E, Poydenot P, Furling D, Schaeffer L, Legay C, Martinat C. MBNL-dependent impaired development within the neuromuscular system in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12876. [PMID: 36575942 PMCID: PMC10107781 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is one of the most frequent muscular dystrophies in adults. Although DM1 has long been considered mainly a muscle disorder, growing evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral nerves in the pathogenicity of DM1 raising the question of whether motoneurons (MNs) actively contribute to neuromuscular defects in DM1. METHODS By using micropatterned 96-well plates as a coculture platform, we generated a functional neuromuscular model combining DM1 and muscleblind protein (MBNL) knock-out human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MNs and human healthy skeletal muscle cells. RESULTS This approach led to the identification of presynaptic defects which affect the formation or stability of the neuromuscular junction at an early developmental stage. These neuropathological defects could be reproduced by the loss of RNA-binding MBNL proteins, whose loss of function in vivo is associated with muscular defects associated with DM1. These experiments indicate that the functional defects associated with MNs can be directly attributed to MBNL family proteins. Comparative transcriptomic analyses also revealed specific neuronal-related processes regulated by these proteins that are commonly misregulated in DM1. CONCLUSIONS Beyond the application to DM1, our approach to generating a robust and reliable human neuromuscular system should facilitate disease modelling studies and drug screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Mérien
- INSERM/UEVE UMR 861, Université Paris Saclay, I-STEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Anchel González-Barriga
- INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mário Gomes-Pereira
- INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Denis Furling
- INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- INMG, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Legay
- CNRS, SPINN-Saint-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- INSERM/UEVE UMR 861, Université Paris Saclay, I-STEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
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24
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Saito T, Saito T, Hashimoto H, Ogata K, Kobayashi M, Takada H, Kuru S, Kimura T, Nakamura A, Matsumura T. Safety and immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in inpatients with muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:117-123. [PMID: 36478587 PMCID: PMC9878062 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Due to muscular weakness and cardiopulmonary dysfunction, patients with muscular dystrophy (MD) have an increased risk of serious complications from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccination is recommended, COVID-19 vaccination safety and immunogenicity in these patients are unknown. We investigated reaction frequency, post-vaccine antibody titers after two mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses, and clinical predictors of antibody response among patients with MD. METHODS We recruited 171 inpatients with MD receiving two BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses from seven hospitals. Blood samples were obtained from 53 inpatients before the first dose and 28 to 30 days after the second dose, and antibody titers were measured. RESULTS Overall, 104 (60.8%) and 115 (67.6%) patients had side effects after the first and second doses, respectively. These were generally mild and self-limited. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a bedridden state was associated with reduced side effects (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.71). The antibody titers of all participants changed from negative to positive after two vaccine doses. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the inpatients was 239 (95% CI, 159.3 to 358.7). Older age (relative risk [RR] = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.99) and bedridden state (RR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.51) were associated with a lower antibody titer. Patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) had a lower GMT than patients with other MDs (RR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.85). DISCUSSION COVID-19 vaccination is safe and immunogenic in inpatients with MD. Patients with DM1 appear to have a poorer COVID-19 antibody response than those with other MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Saito
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Toshio Saito
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroya Hashimoto
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesClinical Research Management Center, Nagoya City University HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Katsuhisa Ogata
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Higashisaitama National HospitalSaitamaJapan
| | - Michio Kobayashi
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Akita National HospitalAkitaJapan
| | - Hiroto Takada
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Aomori National HospitalAomoriJapan
| | - Satoshi Kuru
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Suzuka National HospitalSuzukaJapan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Asahikawa Medical CenterAsahikawaJapan
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical ResearchNational Hospital Organization, Matsumoto Medical CenterNaganoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsumura
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization, Osaka Toneyama Medical CenterOsakaJapan
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25
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Okşul M, Bilge Ö, Türken A, Işık F, Akyüz A, Çap M, Söner S, Akın H, Şener YZ, Taştan E. Evaluation of Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Cureus 2023; 15:e34600. [PMID: 36883071 PMCID: PMC9985921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1(MD1), which is characterized by decreased muscle tone, progressive muscle weakness, and cardiac involvement, is an autosomal dominant and progressive congenital muscle disease. Cardiac involvement more often manifests as conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias (such as supraventricular or ventricular). Approximately one-third of MD1-related deaths occur due to cardiac causes. The index of cardiac-electrophysiological balance (ICEB) is a current parameter calculated as QT interval/QRS duration. The increase in this parameter has been associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In this study, our aim was to compare the ICEB values of MD1 patients and the normal population. MATERIAL AND METHOD A total of 62 patients were included in our study. They were divided into two groups - 32 MD patients and 30 controls. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic parameters of the two groups were compared. RESULTS The median age of the study population was 24 (20-36 IQR), and 36 (58%) of these patients were female. Body mass index was higher in the control group (p = 0.037). While in the MD1 group creatinine kinase was significantly higher (p <0.001), In the control group creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, calcium, and lymphocyte levels were significantly higher (p=0.031, p= 0.003, p=0.001, p=0.002, p=0.031, respectively). ICEB [3.96 (3.65-4.46) vs 3.74 (3.49-3.85) p=0.015] and corrected ICEB (ICEBc) [4.48 (4.08-4.92) vs 4.20 (4.03-4.51) p = 0.048] were significantly higher in the MD1 group. CONCLUSION In our study, ICEB was found to be higher in MD1 patients than in the control group. Increased ICEB and ICEBc values in MD1 patients may precipitate ventricular arrhythmias in the future. Close monitoring of these parameters can be helpful in predicting possible ventricular arrhythmias and in risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Okşul
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Önder Bilge
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Askeri Türken
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Ferhat Işık
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Abdurrahman Akyüz
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Murat Çap
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Serdar Söner
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
| | - Halil Akın
- Department of Cardiology, Private Medicalpark Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Yusuf Z Şener
- Department of Cardiology, Beypazari State Hospital, Ankara, TUR
| | - Ercan Taştan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, TUR
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26
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Kuntawala DH, Martins F, Vitorino R, Rebelo S. Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2283. [PMID: 36767649 PMCID: PMC9915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
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27
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Rossi S, Silvestri G. Fluid Biomarkers of Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032204. [PMID: 36768526 PMCID: PMC9917343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), commonly known as Steinert's disease (OMIM #160900), is the most common muscular dystrophy among adults, caused by an unstable expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of DMPK. Besides skeletal muscle, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the core manifestations of DM1, whose relevant cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms deeply affect quality of life of DM1 patients, and that, together with muscle and heart, may profoundly influence the global disease burden and overall prognosis. Therefore, CNS should be also included among the main targets for future therapeutic developments in DM1, and, in this regard, identifying a cost-effective, easily accessible, and sensitive diagnostic and monitoring biomarker of CNS involvement in DM1 represents a relevant issue to be addressed. In this mini review, we will discuss all the papers so far published exploring the usefulness of both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based biomarkers of CNS involvement in DM1. Globally, the results of these studies are quite consistent on the value of CSF and blood Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) as a biomarker of CNS involvement, with less robust results regarding levels of tau protein or amyloid-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore–Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore–Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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28
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Todorow V, Hintze S, Schoser B, Meinke P. Nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins involved in genome organization are misregulated in myotonic dystrophy type 1 muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1007331. [PMID: 36699009 PMCID: PMC9868253 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1007331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a multisystemic disorder with predominant muscle and neurological involvement. Despite a well described pathomechanism, which is primarily a global missplicing due to sequestration of RNA-binding proteins, there are still many unsolved questions. One such question is the disease etiology in the different affected tissues. We observed alterations at the nuclear envelope in primary muscle cell cultures before. This led us to reanalyze a published RNA-sequencing dataset of DM1 and control muscle biopsies regarding the misregulation of NE proteins. We could identify several muscle NE protein encoding genes to be misregulated depending on the severity of the muscle phenotype. Among these misregulated genes were NE transmembrane proteins (NETs) involved in nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling as well as genome organization. For selected genes, we could confirm that observed gene-misregulation led to protein expression changes. Furthermore, we investigated if genes known to be under expression-regulation by genome organization NETs were also misregulated in DM1 biopsies, which revealed that misregulation of two NETs alone is likely responsible for differential expression of about 10% of all genes being differentially expressed in DM1. Notably, the majority of NETs identified here to be misregulated in DM1 muscle are mutated in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy or clinical similar muscular dystrophies, suggesting a broader similarity on the molecular level for muscular dystrophies than anticipated. This shows not only the importance of muscle NETs in muscle health and disease, but also highlights the importance of the NE in DM1 disease progression.
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29
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Piccinini AM, Krauß S. Editorial: In celebration of women in science: RNA networks and biology. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1162378. [PMID: 36895806 PMCID: PMC9990699 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1162378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Piccinini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sybille Krauß
- School of Science and Technology, Institute of Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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30
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Garmendia J, Labayru G, Zulaica M, Villanúa J, López de Munain A, Sistiaga A. Shedding light on motor premanifest myotonic dystrophy type 1: A molecular, muscular and central nervous system follow-up study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:215-223. [PMID: 36256504 PMCID: PMC10092190 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary and multisystemic disease that is characterized by heterogeneous manifestations. Although muscular impairment is central to DM1, a premanifest DM1 form has been proposed for those characterized by the absence of muscle signs in precursory phases. Nevertheless, subtle signs and/or symptoms related to other systems, such as the central nervous system (CNS), may emerge and progress gradually. This study aimed to validate the premanifest DM1 concept and to characterize and track affected individuals from a CNS centred perspective. METHODS Retrospective data of 120 participants (23 premanifest DM1, 25 manifest DM1 and 72 healthy controls) were analysed transversally and longitudinally (over 11.17 years). Compiled data included clinical, neuropsychological and neuroradiological (brain volume and white matter lesion, WML) measures taken at two time points. RESULTS Manifest DM1 showed significantly more molecular affectation, worse performance on neuropsychological domains, lower grey and white matter volumes and a different pattern of WMLs than premanifest DM1. The latter was slightly different from healthy controls regarding brain volume and WMLs. Additionally, daytime sleepiness and molecular expansion size explained 50% of the variance of the muscular deterioration at follow-up in premanifest individuals. CONCLUSIONS Premanifest DM1 individuals showed subtle neuroradiological alterations, which suggests CNS involvement early in the disease. Based on follow-up data, a debate emerges around the existence of a 'non-muscular DM1' subtype and/or a premanifest phase, as a precursory stage to other DM1 manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Garmendia
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Psychology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Garazi Labayru
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Psychology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,CIBER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,CIBER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Villanúa
- Osatek, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,CIBER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andone Sistiaga
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Psychology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,CIBER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Stano S, Barp A, Bacchin R, Zuccarino R. Parkinsonism may aggravate dysphagia in myotonic dystrophy type 1: two case reports. Acta Myol 2023; 42:31-34. [PMID: 37091528 PMCID: PMC10115395 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Weakness of trunk muscles, fatigue and reduced mobility are features of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and may also characterize patients with extrapyramidal disorders.Dysphagia is common in DM1 and parkinsonism and can be predominant compared to other symptom, often requiring surgical tratment. Methods We describe two cases of patients with DM1 and parkinsonism who arrived at our Center for worsening dysphagia and who showed very similar and peculiar clinical features. Case reports The first patient presented initially at the outpatient clinic reporting a 7 year history of progressive difficulties in swallowing and movement slowness. Neurologic examination showed a general bradykinesia, plastic rigidity of upper limbs, diffuse hypotrophy and deep tendon reflexes weakness. MRI scan of brain and spine was unremarkable, but neurophysiological evaluation revealed diffuse myotonic discharges on distal limb muscles. Genetic testing confirmed DM1 diagnosis (CTG range E1).The second patient, presented with an initial diagnosis of parkinsonism due to a 10 years history of gait impairment, generalized weakness and dysphagia. Due to low back pain a neurophysiological study was performed after 5 years from diagnosis of parkinsonism detecting diffuse myotonic discharges and genetic testing confirmed diagnosis of DM1 (CTG range E2).Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was severe and burdensome for both patients.To date, only one case of molecularly confirmed DM1 along with parkinsonism has been described. We have described two cases of DM1 and parkinsonism in which swallowing function has been affected by a synergic effect triggered by both muscle condition and extrapyramidal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Stano
- NeuroMuscular Omnicentre (NeMO) Trento, Villa Rosa Hospital, Pergine Valsugana, Italy
- Correspondence Salvatore Stano via Spolverine 84, 38057 Pergine Valsugana, Italy Tel.: 0461/515400 E-mail:
| | - Andrea Barp
- NeuroMuscular Omnicentre (NeMO) Trento, Villa Rosa Hospital, Pergine Valsugana, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bacchin
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Emergency, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zuccarino
- NeuroMuscular Omnicentre (NeMO) Trento, Villa Rosa Hospital, Pergine Valsugana, Italy
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Havner C, Roussakis AÖ, Sjögreen L, Westerlund A. Open Bite Malocclusion and Orofacial Dysfunction in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:885-896. [PMID: 37334614 PMCID: PMC10578289 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Open bite (OB) is a common malocclusion in individuals with orofacial dysfunction and syndromes, especially in neuromuscular diseases. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to explore the prevalence of OB in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to create and compare orofacial dysfunction profiles. METHODS In this database study, 143 individuals with DM1 and 99 with DMD were included. The Mun-H-Center questionnaire and observation chart were used together with the Nordic Orofacial Test -Screening (NOT-S) to create orofacial dysfunction profiles. OB was categorised as: lateral (LOB); anterior (AOB); severe anterior (AOBS); or both types of anterior OB (AOBTot). Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used to compare the OB prevalence and to study associations with orofacial variables, respectively. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in OB prevalence between the DM1 (37%) and DMD (49%) groups (p = 0.048). LOB was seen in < 1% of DM1 and 18% of DMD. LOB was associated with macroglossia and closed mouth posture, AOB with hypotonic lips, and open mouth posture and AOBS with hypotonic jaw muscles. The orofacial dysfunction profiles showed similar patterns, although the mean NOT-S total scores for DM1 and DMD were 4.2±2.8 (median 4.0, min-max 1-8) and 2.3±2.0 (median 2.0, min-max 0-8), respectively. LIMITATIONS The two groups were not age- or gender-matched. CONCLUSION OB malocclusion is common in patients with DM1 and DMD and is associated with different types of orofacial dysfunction. This study highlights the need for multi-disciplinary assessments to support tailored treatment strategies that improve or sustain orofacial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Havner
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mun-H-Center, Orofacial Resource Centre for Rare Diseases, Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ödman Roussakis
- Mun-H-Center, Orofacial Resource Centre for Rare Diseases, Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lotta Sjögreen
- Mun-H-Center, Orofacial Resource Centre for Rare Diseases, Public Dental Service, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Erokhina EK, Melnik EA, Lebedeva DD, Shamtieva KV, Peters TV, Pavlikova EP, Gepard VV, Vlodavets DV. [Sleep disorders and fatigue in patients with different forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:62-67. [PMID: 37655412 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312308162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize sleep disorders in children and adults with different forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), to assess their impact on cognitive functions, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue, to determine the relationship of EDS, fatigue, and sleep disorders with the quality of life of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 48 adults and 9 children with confirmed DM1. Patients underwent an assessment of clinical and anamnestic data, neurological, cognitive status, severity of EDS, fatigue, quality of life according to international scales and questionnaires. Polysomnography was performed to identify sleep disorders. RESULTS Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was found in 78% of children and 79.2% of adults. The severity of OSAS in adults, in contrast to children, was influenced by obesity (p<0.001), the severity of muscle weakness (p=0.033), especially the neck muscles (p=0.018). In patients with OSAS and nocturnal hypoxemia, an increase in the duration of the 1st stage of sleep (p=0.008) and in the microactivation index (p=0.005) was revealed. EDS and fatigue were present in 31 (64.6%) and 34 (70.8%) adults, respectively, in 9 (18.8%) they emerged at the onset of the disease. The greater severity of muscle symptoms, anxiety, depression contributed to increased fatigue in adults and the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus contributed to EDS. Increased fatigue affects the quality of life to a greater extent than EDS and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION OSAS, the development of which is facilitated by the presence of muscle weakness and obesity, is the leading syndrome among the spectrum of sleep disorders in all age groups. Cognitive and emotional impairments are not the result of sleep apnea, but rather develop because of a primary CNS lesion. The presence of increased fatigue reduced the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Erokhina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Melnik
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Lebedeva
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Shamtieva
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Peters
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E P Pavlikova
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Gepard
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Vlodavets
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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De Serres-Bérard T, Ait Benichou S, Jauvin D, Boutjdir M, Puymirat J, Chahine M. Recent Progress and Challenges in the Development of Antisense Therapies for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13359. [PMID: 36362145 PMCID: PMC9657934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a dominant genetic disease in which the expansion of long CTG trinucleotides in the 3' UTR of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene results in toxic RNA gain-of-function and gene mis-splicing affecting mainly the muscles, the heart, and the brain. The CUG-expanded transcripts are a suitable target for the development of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies. Various chemical modifications of the sugar-phosphate backbone have been reported to significantly enhance the affinity of ASOs for RNA and their resistance to nucleases, making it possible to reverse DM1-like symptoms following systemic administration in different transgenic mouse models. However, specific tissue delivery remains to be improved to achieve significant clinical outcomes in humans. Several strategies, including ASO conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides, fatty acids, or monoclonal antibodies, have recently been shown to improve potency in muscle and cardiac tissues in mice. Moreover, intrathecal administration of ASOs may be an advantageous complementary administration route to bypass the blood-brain barrier and correct defects of the central nervous system in DM1. This review describes the evolution of the chemical design of antisense oligonucleotides targeting CUG-expanded mRNAs and how recent advances in the field may be game-changing by forwarding laboratory findings into clinical research and treatments for DM1 and other microsatellite diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiéry De Serres-Bérard
- CERVO Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Siham Ait Benichou
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dominic Jauvin
- CERVO Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 11209, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Science University, New York, NY 11203, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- LOEX, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Londoño-Tobón L, García CAO. Pneumonia and de novo atrial fibrillation in a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 1: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30518. [PMID: 36181121 PMCID: PMC9524931 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a rare genetic disorder that mainly affects the musculoskeletal system; However, it may cause several complications in other body systems representing challenges for health care providers. PATIENT CONCERNS We present the case of a patient with a history of previously diagnosed type 1 myotonic dystrophy who presented to the emergency department with cough dyspnea, and thoracic pain. DIAGNOSIS Differential diagnoses included pulmonary embolism with a moderate probability according to the Wells score, acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure, and pneumonia. Diagnostic workup involved chest radiography, EKG, and a CTPA which revealed pneumonia, posteriorly the patient presented de novo atrial fibrillation. INTERVENTIONS The patient was successfully treated with empiric antibiotic therapy and amiodarone, respiratory and physical therapy. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged on day 34, however oxygen weaning was not possible. CONCLUSION Treatment of MD1 patients is challenging due to the various mechanisms of the disease; patients with new-onset deterioration should be screened for the most common complications such as cardio-respiratory events.The authors suggest pneumonia as a risk factor for basal respiratory function deterioration and a contributing factor for triggering cardiac events for further research in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Londoño-Tobón
- Medical Department. Hospital Universitario Mayor – Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luisa Londoño-Tobón, Hospital Universitario Mayor (MEDERI), Cll. 24 #29-45, Bogotá, Colombia (e-mail: )
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Tang R, Liu J, Li S, Zhang J, Yu C, Liu H, Chen F, Lv L, Zhang Q, Yuan K, Shao H. A patent and literature review of CDK12 inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1055-1065. [PMID: 36120913 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) belongs to the CDK family of serine/threonine protein kinases and associates with cyclin K to exert its biological functions, including regulating gene transcription, mRNA processing and translation. Increasing evidences demonstrate the importance of CDK12 in various human cancers, illustrating its potential as both biomarker and therapeutic target. In addition, CDK12 is also a promising target for the treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Efforts have been taken to discover small molecule inhibitors to validate this important therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patented CDK12 inhibitors from 2016 to present, as well as these from peer-reviewed literature. It provides the reader an update of the discovery strategies, chemical structures and molecular profiling of all available CDK12 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION CDK12 inhibitors with various mechanism of actions have been discovered and it is a great set of tools to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CDK12 in different disease models. CDK12 inhibitors have shown promising results in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mouse model and several preclinical cancer models either as single agent or combination with other anti-cancer agents. Its therapeutic value awaits more rigorous preclinical testing and further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Center for Clinical Biorepositories and Biospecimen & Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hao Shao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Krueger SB, Lanzendorf AN, Jeon HH, Zimmerman SC. Selective and Reversible Ligand Assembly on the DNA and RNA Repeat Sequences in Myotonic Dystrophy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200260. [PMID: 35790065 PMCID: PMC9733911 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule targeting of DNA and RNA sequences has come into focus as a therapeutic strategy for diseases such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), a trinucleotide repeat disease characterized by RNA gain-of-function. Herein, we report a novel template-selected, reversible assembly of therapeutic agents in situ via aldehyde-amine condensation. Rationally designed small molecule targeting agents functionalized with either an aldehyde or an amine were synthesized and screened against the target nucleic acid sequence. The assembly of fragments was confirmed by MALDI-MS in the presence of DM1-relevant nucleic acid sequences. The resulting hit combinations of aldehyde and amine inhibited the formation of r(CUG)exp in vitro in a cooperative manner at low micromolar levels and rescued mis-splicing defects in DM1 model cells. This reversible template-selected assembly is a promising approach to achieve cell permeable and multivalent targeting via in situ synthesis and could be applied to other nucleic acid targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amie N Lanzendorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hyoeun Heather Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Li J, Li J, Huang P, Huang LN, Ding QG, Zhan L, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang H, Cheng L, Li H, Liu DQ, Zhou HY, Jia XZ. Increased functional connectivity of white-matter in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:953742. [PMID: 35979335 PMCID: PMC9377538 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.953742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common and dominant inherited neuromuscular dystrophy disease in adults, involving multiple organs, including the brain. Although structural measurements showed that DM1 is predominantly associated with white-matter damage, they failed to reveal the dysfunction of the white-matter. Recent studies have demonstrated that the functional activity of white-matter is of great significance and has given us insights into revealing the mechanisms of brain disorders. Materials and methods Using resting-state fMRI data, we adopted a clustering analysis to identify the white-matter functional networks and calculated functional connectivity between these networks in 16 DM1 patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs). A two-sample t-test was conducted between the two groups. Partial correlation analyzes were performed between the altered white-matter FC and clinical MMSE or HAMD scores. Results We identified 13 white-matter functional networks by clustering analysis. These white-matter functional networks can be divided into a three-layer network (superficial, middle, and deep) according to their spatial distribution. Compared to HCs, DM1 patients showed increased FC within intra-layer white-matter and inter-layer white-matter networks. For intra-layer networks, the increased FC was mainly located in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, prefrontal cortex, and corpus callosum networks. For inter-layer networks, the increased FC of DM1 patients is mainly located in the superior corona radiata and deep networks. Conclusion Results demonstrated the abnormalities of white-matter functional connectivity in DM1 located in both intra-layer and inter-layer white-matter networks and suggested that the pathophysiology mechanism of DM1 may be related to the white-matter functional dysconnectivity. Furthermore, it may facilitate the treatment development of DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Qing-Guo Ding
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- Faculty of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- School of Foreign Studies, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
- Shanghai Center for Research in English Language Education, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayun Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ze Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Liu B, Yang CL, Li XL, Zhang M, Li YB, Duan RS. CADASIL-like leukodystrophy and symptomatic cerebral infarction in myotonic dystrophy type 1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1655-1657. [PMID: 35785420 PMCID: PMC9437229 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China
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Ravel-Chapuis A, Duchesne E, Jasmin BJ. Pharmacological and exercise-induced activation of AMPK as emerging therapies for myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients. J Physiol 2022; 600:3249-3264. [PMID: 35695045 DOI: 10.1113/jp282725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder with variable clinical features. Currently, there is no cure or effective treatment for DM1. The disease is caused by an expansion of CUG repeats in the 3' UTR of DMPK mRNAs. Mutant DMPK mRNAs accumulate in nuclei as RNA foci and trigger an imbalance in the level and localization of RNA-binding proteins causing the characteristic missplicing events that account for the varied DM1 symptoms, a disease mechanism referred to as RNA toxicity. In recent years, multiple signalling pathways have been identified as being aberrantly regulated in skeletal muscle in response to the CUG expansion, including AMPK, a sensor of energy status, as well as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Converging lines of evidence highlight the benefits of activating AMPK signalling pharmacologically on RNA toxicity, as well as on muscle histology and function, in preclinical DM1 models. Importantly, a clinical trial with metformin, an activator of AMPK, resulted in functional benefits in DM1 patients. In addition, exercise, a known AMPK activator, has shown promising effects on RNA toxicity and muscle function in DM1 mice. Finally, clinical trials involving moderate-intensity exercise also induced functional benefits for DM1 patients. Taken together, these studies clearly demonstrate the molecular, histological and functional benefits of AMPK activation and exercise-based interventions on the DM1 phenotype. Despite these advances, several key questions remain; in particular, the extent of the true implication of AMPK in the observed beneficial improvements, as well as how, mechanistically, activation of AMPK signalling improves the DM1 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Duchesne
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Maladies Neuromusculaires (GRIMN), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Hôpital de Jonquière, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Papaefthymiou P, Kekou K, Özdemir F. Orofacial Manifestations Associated with Muscular Dystrophies: A Review. Turk J Orthod 2022; 35:67-73. [PMID: 35370136 PMCID: PMC9128359 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2021.21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate the developmental, functional, and morphological aspects of the craniofacial complex in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The degree of disease onset and severity varied from patient to patient, and most parameters indicated a greater degree of deterioration in older patients. It was found that all the muscular dystrophies studied showed altered craniofacial morphology, with malocclusion as the most consistent clinical characteristic. Particularly DM1 patients, who are the most studied, showed significant vertical aberration and post-normal occlusion. DMD patients are reported mainly with altered dental arch dimensions which influence functional capacities. Data for FSHD patients are very limited, but facial asymmetry and muscular weakness appear to be the most prominent findings. Patients with muscular dystrophies present deviations in growth and development as well as in orofacial morphology. Increased prevalence of malocclusions, of both skeletal and dental origins, characterize patients with muscular dystrophies. Different dentofacial characteristics are reported among patients with different types of muscular dystrophies. Further research is needed to clarify the orofacial phenotypic expression of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Papaefthymiou
- Department of Orthodontics, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kyriaki Kekou
- Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Fulya Özdemir
- Department of Orthodontics, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Jazdarehee A, Huget-Penner S, Pawlowska M. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma due to obstructive sleep apnea: a case report. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022; 2022:21-0100. [PMID: 35212265 PMCID: PMC8897593 DOI: 10.1530/edm-21-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition of intermittent nocturnal upper airway obstruction. OSA increases sympathetic drive which may result in clinical and biochemical features suggestive of pheochromocytoma. We present the case of a 65-year-old male with a 2.9-cm left adrenal incidentaloma on CT, hypertension, symptoms of headache, anxiety and diaphoresis, and persistently elevated 24-h urine norepinephrine (initially 818 nmol/day (89-470)) and normetanephrine (initially 11.2 µmol/day (0.6-2.7)). He was started on prazosin and underwent left adrenalectomy. Pathology revealed an adrenal corticoadenoma with no evidence of pheochromocytoma. Over the next 2 years, urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained significantly elevated with no MIBG avid disease. Years later, he was diagnosed with severe OSA and treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Urine testing done once OSA was well controlled revealed complete normalization of urine norepinephrine and normetanephrine with substantial symptom improvement. It was concluded that the patient never had a pheochromocytoma but rather an adrenal adenoma with biochemistry and symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma due to untreated severe OSA. Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is a rare presentation of OSA and should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines in the right clinical setting. LEARNING POINTS Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among adults. OSA may rarely present as pseudo-pheochromocytoma with symptoms of pallor, palpitations, perspiration, headache, or anxiety. OSA should be considered on the differential of elevated urine catecholamines and metanephrines, especially in patients with negative metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan results.
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Key Words
- adolescent/young adult
- adult
- geriatric
- neonatal
- paediatric
- pregnant adult
- female
- male
- american indian or alaska native
- asian - bangladeshi
- asian - chinese
- asian - filipino
- asian - indian
- asian - japanese
- asian - korean
- asian - pakistani
- asian - vietnamese
- asian - other
- black - african
- black - caribbean
- black - other
- hispanic or latino - central american or south american
- hispanic or latino - cuban
- hispanic or latino - dominican
- hispanic or latino - mexican, mexican american, chicano
- hispanic or latino - puerto rican
- hispanic or latino - other
- native hawaiian/other pacific islander
- white
- other
- afghanistan
- aland islands
- albania
- algeria
- american samoa
- andorra
- angola
- anguilla
- antarctica
- antigua and barbuda
- argentina
- armenia
- aruba
- australia
- austria
- azerbaijan
- bahamas
- bahrain
- bangladesh
- barbados
- belarus
- belgium
- belize
- benin
- bermuda
- bhutan
- bolivia
- bosnia and herzegovina
- botswana
- bouvet island
- brazil
- british indian ocean territory
- brunei darussalam
- bulgaria
- burkina faso
- burundi
- cambodia
- cameroon
- canada
- cape verde
- cayman islands
- central african republic
- chad
- chile
- china
- christmas island
- cocos (keeling) islands
- colombia
- comoros
- congo
- congo, the democratic republic of the
- cook islands
- costa rica
- côte d'ivoire
- croatia
- cuba
- cyprus
- czech republic
- denmark
- djibouti
- dominica
- dominican republic
- ecuador
- egypt
- el salvador
- equatorial guinea
- eritrea
- estonia
- ethiopia
- falkland islands (malvinas)
- faroe islands
- fiji
- finland
- france
- french guiana
- french polynesia
- french southern territories
- gabon
- gambia
- georgia
- germany
- ghana
- gibraltar
- greece
- greenland
- grenada
- guadeloupe
- guam
- guatemala
- guernsey
- guinea
- guinea-bissau
- guyana
- haiti
- heard island and mcdonald islands
- holy see (vatican city state)
- honduras
- hong kong
- hungary
- iceland
- india
- indonesia
- iran, islamic republic of
- iraq
- ireland
- isle of man
- israel
- italy
- jamaica
- japan
- jersey
- jordan
- kazakhstan
- kenya
- kiribati
- korea, democratic people's republic of
- korea, republic of
- kuwait
- kyrgyzstan
- lao people's democratic republic
- latvia
- lebanon
- lesotho
- liberia
- libyan arab jamahiriya
- liechtenstein
- lithuania
- luxembourg
- macao
- macedonia, the former yugoslav republic of
- madagascar
- malawi
- malaysia
- maldives
- mali
- malta
- marshall islands
- martinique
- mauritania
- mauritius
- mayotte
- mexico
- micronesia, federated states of
- moldova, republic of
- monaco
- mongolia
- montenegro
- montserrat
- morocco
- mozambique
- myanmar
- namibia
- nauru
- nepal
- netherlands
- netherlands antilles
- new caledonia
- new zealand
- nicaragua
- niger
- nigeria
- niue
- norfolk island
- northern mariana islands
- norway
- oman
- pakistan
- palau
- palestinian territory, occupied
- panama
- papua new guinea
- paraguay
- peru
- philippines
- pitcairn
- poland
- portugal
- puerto rico
- qatar
- réunion
- romania
- russian federation
- rwanda
- saint barthélemy
- saint helena
- saint kitts and nevis
- saint lucia
- saint martin
- saint pierre and miquelon
- saint vincent and the grenadines
- samoa
- san marino
- sao tome and principe
- saudi arabia
- senegal
- serbia
- seychelles
- sierra leone
- singapore
- slovakia
- slovenia
- solomon islands
- somalia
- south africa
- south georgia and the south sandwich islands
- spain
- sri lanka
- sudan
- suriname
- svalbard and jan mayen
- swaziland
- sweden
- switzerland
- syrian arab republic
- taiwan, province of china
- tajikistan
- tanzania, united republic of
- thailand
- timor-leste
- togo
- tokelau
- tonga
- trinidad and tobago
- tunisia
- turkey
- turkmenistan
- turks and caicos islands
- tuvalu
- uganda
- ukraine
- united arab emirates
- united kingdom
- united states
- united states minor outlying islands
- uruguay
- uzbekistan
- vanuatu
- vatican city state
- venezuela
- viet nam
- virgin islands, british
- virgin islands, u.s.
- wallis and futuna
- western sahara
- yemen
- zambia
- zimbabwe
- maylaysia
- adipose tissue
- adrenal
- bone
- duodenum
- heart
- hypothalamus
- kidney
- liver
- ovaries
- pancreas
- parathyroid
- pineal
- pituitary
- placenta
- skin
- stomach
- testes
- thymus
- thyroid
- andrology
- autoimmunity
- cardiovascular endocrinology
- developmental endocrinology
- diabetes
- emergency
- endocrine disruptors
- endocrine-related cancer
- epigenetics
- genetics and mutation
- growth factors
- gynaecological endocrinology
- immunology
- infectious diseases
- late effects of cancer therapy
- mineral
- neuroendocrinology
- obesity
- ophthalmology
- paediatric endocrinology
- puberty
- tumours and neoplasia
- vitamin d
- 17ohp
- acth
- adiponectin
- adrenaline
- aldosterone
- amh
- androgens
- androstenedione
- androsterone
- angiotensin
- antidiuretic hormone
- atrial natriuretic hormone
- avp
- beta-endorphin
- big igf2
- brain natriuretic peptide
- calcitonin
- calcitriol
- cck
- corticosterone
- corticotrophin
- cortisol
- cortisone
- crh
- dehydroepiandrostenedione
- deoxycorticosterone
- deoxycortisol
- dhea
- dihydrotestosterone
- dopamine
- endothelin
- enkephalin
- epitestosterone
- epo
- fgf23
- fsh
- gastrin
- gh
- ghrelin
- ghrh
- gip
- glp1
- glp2
- glucagon
- glucocorticoids
- gnrh
- gonadotropins
- hcg
- hepcidin
- histamine
- human placental lactogen
- hydroxypregnenolone
- igf1
- igf2
- inhibin
- insulin
- kisspeptin
- leptin
- lh
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- melatonin
- metanephrines
- mineralocorticoids
- motilin
- nandrolone
- neuropeptide y
- noradrenaline
- normetanephrine
- oestetrol (e4)
- oestradiol (e2)
- oestriol (e3)
- oestrogens
- oestrone (e1)
- osteocalcin
- oxyntomodulin
- oxytocin
- pancreatic polypeptide
- peptide yy
- pregnenolone
- procalcitonin
- progesterone
- prolactin
- prostaglandins
- pth
- relaxin
- renin
- resistin
- secretin
- somatostatin
- testosterone
- thpo
- thymosin
- thymulin
- thyroxine (t4)
- trh
- triiodothyronine (t3)
- tsh
- vip
- 17-alpha hydroxylase/17,20 lyase deficiency
- 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency
- 3-m syndrome
- 22q11 deletion syndrome
- 49xxxxy syndrome
- abscess
- acanthosis nigricans
- acromegaly
- acute adrenocortical insufficiency
- addisonian crisis
- addison's disease
- adenocarcinoma
- aip gene mutation
- adrenal insufficiency
- adrenal salt-wasting crisis
- adrenarche
- adrenocortical adenoma
- adrenocortical carcinoma
- adrenoleukodystrophy
- aip gene variant
- amenorrhoea (primary)
- amenorrhoea (secondary)
- amyloid goitre
- amyloidosis
- anaplastic thyroid cancer
- anaemia
- aneuploidy
- androgen insensitivity syndrome
- anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
- asthma
- autoimmune disorders
- autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1
- autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 2
- autoimmune polyglandular syndrome
- autoimmune hypophysitis
- autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets
- autosomal dominant osteopetrosis
- bardet-biedl syndrome
- bartter syndrome
- bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- biliary calculi
- breast cancer
- brenner tumour
- brown tumour
- burkitt's lymphoma
- casr gene mutation
- catecholamine secreting carotid body paraganglionoma
- cancer-prone syndrome
- carcinoid syndrome
- carcinoid tumour
- carney complex
- carotid body paraganglioma
- c-cell hyperplasia
- cerebrospinal fluid leakage
- chronic fatigue syndrome
- circadian rhythm sleep disorders
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- congenital hypothyroidism
- congenital hyperinsulinism
- conn's syndrome
- corticotrophic adenoma
- craniopharyngioma
- cretinism
- crohn's disease
- cryptorchidism
- cushing's disease
- cushing's syndrome
- cystolithiasis
- de quervain's thyroiditis
- denys-drash syndrome
- desynchronosis
- developmental abnormalities
- diabetes - lipoatrophic
- diabetes - mitochondrial
- diabetes - steroid-induced
- diabetes insipidus - dipsogenic
- diabetes insipidus - gestational
- diabetes insipidus - nephrogenic
- diabetes insipidus - neurogenic/central
- diabetes mellitus type 1
- diabetes mellitus type 2
- diabetic foot syndrome
- diabetic hypoglycaemia
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- diabetic muscle infarction
- diabetic nephropathy
- diverticular disease
- donohue syndrome
- down syndrome
- eating disorders
- ectopic acth syndrome
- ectopic cushing's syndrome
- ectopic parathyroid adenoma
- empty sella syndrome
- endometrial cancer
- endometriosis
- eosinophilic myositis
- euthyroid sick syndrome
- familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
- familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia
- familial euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia
- fat necrosis
- female athlete triad syndrome
- fetal demise
- fetal macrosomia
- follicular thyroid cancer
- fractures
- frasier syndrome
- friedreich's ataxia
- functional parathyroid cyst
- galactorrhoea
- gastrinoma
- gastritis
- gastrointestinal perforation
- gastrointestinal stromal tumour
- gck mutation
- gender identity disorder
- gestational diabetes mellitus
- giant ovarian cysts
- gigantism
- gitelman syndrome
- glucagonoma
- glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- glycogen storage disease
- goitre
- goitre (multinodular)
- gonadal dysgenesis
- gonadoblastoma
- gonadotrophic adenoma
- gorham's disease
- granuloma
- granulosa cell tumour
- graves' disease
- graves' ophthalmopathy
- growth hormone deficiency (adult)
- growth hormone deficiency (childhood onset)
- gynaecomastia
- hamman's syndrome
- haemorrhage
- hajdu-cheney syndrome
- hashimoto's disease
- hemihypertrophy
- hepatitis c
- hereditary multiple osteochondroma
- hirsutism
- histiocytosis
- huntington's disease
- hürthle cell adenoma
- hyperaldosteronism
- hyperandrogenism
- hypercalcaemia
- hypercalcaemic crisis
- hyperglucogonaemia
- hyperglycaemia
- hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
- hypergonadotropism
- hyperinsulinaemia
- hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
- hyperkalaemia
- hyperlipidaemia
- hypernatraemia
- hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
- hyperparathyroidism (primary)
- hyperparathyroidism (secondary)
- hyperparathyroidism (tertiary)
- hyperpituitarism
- hyperprolactinaemia
- hypersexuality
- hypertension
- hyperthyroidism
- hypoaldosteronism
- hypocalcaemia
- hypoestrogenism
- hypoglycaemia
- hypoglycaemic coma
- hypogonadism
- hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
- hypoinsulinaemia
- hypokalaemia
- hyponatraemia
- hypoparathyroidism
- hypophosphataemia
- hypophosphatasia
- hypophysitis
- hypopituitarism
- hypothyroidism
- iatrogenic disorder
- idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia
- igg4-related systemic disease
- inappropriate tsh secretion
- incidentaloma
- infertility
- insulin autoimmune syndrome
- insulin resistance
- insulinoma
- intracranial vasospasm
- intrauterine growth retardation
- iodine allergy
- ischaemic heart disease
- kallmann syndrome
- ketoacidosis
- klinefelter syndrome
- kwashiorkor
- kwashiorkor (marasmic)
- leg ulcer
- laron syndrome
- latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (lada)
- laurence-moon syndrome
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- leukocytoclastic vasculitis
- leydig cell tumour
- lipodystrophy
- lipomatosis
- liver failure
- lung metastases
- luteoma
- lymphadenopathy
- macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
- macronodular hyperplasia
- macroprolactinoma
- marasmus
- maturity onset diabetes of young (mody)
- mccune-albright syndrome
- mckittrick-wheelock syndrome
- medullary thyroid cancer
- meigs syndrome
- membranous nephropathy
- men1
- men2a
- men2b
- men4
- menarche
- meningitis
- menopause
- metabolic acidosis
- metabolic syndrome
- metastatic carcinoma
- metastatic chromaffin cell tumour
- metastatic gastrinoma
- metastatic melanoma
- metastatic tumour
- microadenoma
- microprolactinoma
- motor neurone disease
- myasthenia gravis
- myelolipoma
- myocardial infarction
- myositis
- myotonic dystrophy type 1
- myotonic dystrophy type 2
- myxoedema
- myxoedema coma
- nelson's syndrome
- neonatal diabetes
- nephrolithiasis
- neuroblastoma
- neuroendocrine tumour
- neurofibromatosis
- nodular hyperplasia
- non-functioning pituitary adenoma
- non-hodgkin lymphoma
- non-islet-cell tumour hypoglycaemia
- noonan syndrome
- oculocerebrorenal syndrome
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- osteomalacia
- osteomyelitis
- osteoporosis
- osteoporosis (pregnancy/lactation-associated)
- osteosclerosis
- ovarian cancer
- ovarian dysgenesis
- ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- ovarian tumour
- paget's disease
- paget's disease (juvenille)
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
- pancreatitis
- panhypopituitarism
- papillary thyroid cancer
- paraganglioma
- paranasal sinus lesion
- paraneoplastic syndromes
- parasitic thyroid nodules
- parathyroid adenoma
- parathyroid adenoma (ectopic)
- parathyroid carcinoma
- parathyroid cyst
- parathroid hyperplasia
- pcos
- periodontal disease
- phaeochromocytoma
- phaeochromocytoma crisis
- pickardt syndrome
- pituitary abscess
- pituitary adenoma
- pituitary apoplexy
- pituitary carcinoma
- pituitary cyst
- pituitary haemorrhage
- pituitary hyperplasia
- pituitary hypoplasia
- pituitary tumour (malignant)
- plurihormonal pituitary adenoma
- poems syndrome
- polycythaemia
- porphyria
- pneumonia
- posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- post-prandial hypoglycaemia
- prader-willi syndrome
- prediabetes
- pre-eclampsia
- pregnancy
- premature ovarian failure
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- premenstrual syndrome
- primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- prolactinoma
- prostate cancer
- pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
- pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2
- pseudohypoparathyroidism
- psychosocial short stature
- puberty (delayed or absent)
- puberty (precocious)
- pulmonary oedema
- quadrantanopia
- rabson-mendenhall syndrome
- rhabdomyolysis
- rheumatoid arthritis
- rickets
- schwannoma
- sellar reossification
- sertoli cell tumour
- sertoli-leydig cell tumour
- sexual development disorders
- sheehan's syndrome
- short stature
- siadh
- small-cell carcinoma
- small intestine neuroendocrine tumour
- solitary fibrous tumour
- solitary sellar plasmacytoma
- somatostatinoma
- somatotrophic adenoma
- squamous cell thyroid carcinoma
- stiff person syndrome
- struma ovarii
- subcutaneous insulin resistance
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- tarts
- testicular cancer
- thecoma
- thyroid adenoma
- thyroid carcinoma
- thyroid cyst
- thyroid dysgenesis
- thyroid fibromatosis
- thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
- thyroid lymphoma
- thyroid nodule
- thyroid storm
- thyroiditis
- thyrotoxicosis
- thyrotrophic adenoma
- traumatic brain injury
- tuberculosis
- tuberous sclerosis complex
- tumour-induced osteomalacia
- turner syndrome
- unilateral adrenal hyperplasia
- ureterolithiasis
- urolithiasis
- von hippel-lindau disease
- wagr syndrome
- waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
- williams syndrome
- wolcott-rallison syndrome
- wolfram syndrome
- xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis
- xlaad/ipex
- zollinger-ellison syndrome
- abdominal adiposity
- abdominal distension
- abdominal cramp
- abdominal discomfort
- abdominal guarding
- abdominal lump
- abdominal pain
- abdominal tenderness
- abnormal posture
- abdominal wall defects
- abrasion
- acalculia
- accelerated growth
- acne
- acrochorda
- acroosteolysis
- acute stress reaction
- adverse breast development
- aggression
- agitation
- agnosia
- akathisia
- akinesia
- albuminuria
- alcohol intolerance
- alexia
- alopecia
- altered level of consciousness
- amaurosis
- amaurosis fugax
- ambiguous genitalia
- amblyopia
- amenorrhoea
- ameurosis
- amnesia
- amusia
- anasarca
- angiomyxoma
- anhedonia
- anisocoria
- ankle swelling
- anorchia
- anorectal malformations
- anorexia
- anosmia
- anosognosia
- anovulation
- antepartum haemorrhage
- anuria
- anxiety
- apathy
- aphasia
- aphonia
- apnoea
- appendicitis
- appetite increase
- appetite reduction/loss
- apraxia
- aqueductal stenosis
- arteriosclerosis
- arthralgia
- articulation impairment
- ascites
- asperger syndrome
- asphyxia
- asthenia
- astigmatism
- asymptomatic
- ataxia
- atrial fibrillation
- atrial myxoma
- atrophy
- adhd
- autism
- autonomic neuropathy
- avulsion
- babinski's sign
- back pain
- bacteraemia
- behavioural problems
- belching
- bifid scrotum
- biliary colic
- bitemporal hemianopsia
- blindness
- blistering
- bloating
- bloody show
- boil(s)
- bone cyst
- bone fracture(s)
- bone lesions
- bone pain
- bony metastases
- borborygmus
- bowel movements - bleeding
- bowel movements - increased frequency
- bowel movements - pain
- bowel obstruction
- bowel perforation
- brachycephaly
- brachydactyly
- bradycardia
- bradykinesia
- bradyphrenia
- bradypnea
- breast contour change
- breast enlargement
- breast lump
- breast reduction
- breast tenderness
- breastfeeding difficulties
- breathing difficulties
- bronchospasms
- brushfield spots
- bruxism
- buffalo hump
- cachexia
- calcification
- cardiac fibrosis
- cardiac malformations
- cardiac tamponade
- cardiogenic shock
- cardiomegaly
- cardiomyopathy
- cardiopulmonary arrest
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- caruncle - inflammation
- cataplexy
- cataract(s)
- catathrenia
- central obesity
- cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea
- cervical pain
- cheeks - full
- cheiloschisis
- chemosis
- chest pain
- chest pain (pleuritic)
- chest pain (precordial)
- cheyne-stokes respiration
- chills
- cholecystitis
- cholestasis
- chondrocalcinosis
- chordee
- chorea
- choroidal atrophy
- chronic pain
- circulatory collapse
- cirrhosis
- citraturia
- claudication
- clitoromegaly
- cloacal exstrophy
- clonus
- club foot
- clumsiness
- coagulopathy
- coarctation
- coeliac disease
- cognitive problems
- cold intolerance
- collapse
- colour blindness
- coma
- concentration difficulties
- confusion
- congenital heart defect
- conjunctivitis
- constipation
- convulsions
- coordination difficulties
- coughing
- crackles
- cramps
- craniofacial abnormalities
- craniotabes
- cutaneous ischaemia
- cutaneous myxoma
- cutaneous pigmentation
- cyanosis
- dalrymple's sign
- deafness
- deep vein thrombosis
- dehydration
- delayed puberty
- delirium
- dementia
- dental abscess(es)
- dental problems
- depression
- diabetes insipidus
- diabetic neuropathy
- diabetic foot infection
- diabetic foot neuropathy
- diabetic foot ulceration
- diarrhoea
- diplopia
- dizziness
- duodenal atresia
- duplex kidney(s)
- dysarthria
- dysdiadochokinesia
- dysgraphia
- dyslexia
- dyslipidaemia
- dysmenorrhoea
- dyspareunia
- dyspepsia
- dysphagia
- dysphonia
- dysphoria
- dyspnoea
- dystonia
- dysuria
- ear, nose and/or throat infection
- early menarche
- ears - low set
- ears - pinna abnormalities
- ears - small
- ecchymoses
- ectopic ureter
- emotional immaturity
- encopresis
- endometrial hyperplasia
- enlarged bladder
- enlarged prostate
- eosinophilia
- epicanthic fold
- epilepsy
- epistaxis
- erectile dysfunction
- erythema
- euphoria
- eyebrows - bushy
- eyelid retraction
- eyelid swelling
- eyelids - redness
- eyes - almond-shaped
- eyes - dry
- eyes - feeling of grittiness
- eyes - inflammation
- eyes - irritation
- eyes - itching
- eyes - pain (gazing down)
- eyes - pain (gazing up)
- eyes - redness
- eyes - watering
- face - change in appearance
- face - coarse features
- face - numbness
- facial fullness
- facial palsy
- facial plethora
- facial weakness
- facies - abnormal
- facies - hippocratic
- facies - moon
- faecal incontinence
- failure to thrive
- fallopian tube hyperplasia
- fasciculation
- fatigue
- fatigue (post-exertional)
- feet - cold
- feet - increased size
- feet - large
- feet - pain
- feet - small
- fingers - thick
- flaccid paralysis
- flatulence
- flushing
- fontanelles - enlarged
- frontal bossing
- fungating lesion
- fungating mass
- funny turns
- gait abnormality
- gait unsteadiness
- gallbladder calculi
- gallstones
- gangrene
- gastro-oesophageal reflux
- genital oedema
- genu valgum
- genu varum
- gestational diabetes
- glaucoma
- glucose intolerance
- glucosuria
- growth hormone deficiency
- growth retardation
- haematemesis
- haematochezia
- haematoma
- haematuria
- haemoglobinuria
- haemoptysis
- hair - coarse
- hair - dry
- hair - temporal balding
- hairline - low
- hallucination
- hands - enlargement
- hands - large
- hands - single palmar crease
- hands - small
- head - large
- headache
- hearing loss
- heart failure
- heart murmur
- heat intolerance
- height loss
- hemiballismus
- hemianopia
- hemiparesis
- hemispatial neglect
- hepatic cysts
- hepatic metastases
- hepatomegaly
- hidradenitis suppurativa
- high-arched palate
- hip dislocation
- hippocampal dysgenesis
- hirschsprung's disease
- hot flushes
- hydronephrosis
- hypolipidaemia
- hyperactivity
- hyperacusis
- hyperandrogenaemia
- hypercalciuria
- hypercapnea
- hypercholesterolaemia
- hypercortisolaemia
- hyperflexibility
- hyperglucagonaemia
- hyperhidrosis
- hyperhomocysteinaemia
- hypernasal speech
- hyperopia
- hyperoxaluria
- hyperpigmentation
- hyperplasia
- hyperpnoea
- hypersalivation
- hyperseborrhea
- hypersomnia
- hyperthermia
- hypertrichosis
- hypertrophy
- hyperuricaemia
- hyperventilation
- hypoadrenalism
- hypoalbuminaemia
- hypocalciuria
- hypocitraturia
- hypomagnesaemia
- hypopigmentation
- hypoplastic scrotum
- hypopotassaemia
- hypoprolactinaemia
- hyporeflexia
- hyposmia
- hypospadias
- hypotension
- hypothermia
- hypotonia
- hypoventilation
- hypovitaminosis d
- hypovolaemia
- hypovolaemic shock
- hypoxia
- immunodeficiency
- impulsivity
- inattention
- infections
- inflexibility
- insomnia
- instability
- intussusception
- irritability
- ischaemia
- ischuria
- itching
- jaundice
- keratoconus
- ketonuria
- ketotic odour
- kidney dysplasia
- kidney stones
- kyphoscoliosis
- kyphosis
- labioscrotal fold abnormalities
- laceration
- late dentition
- learning difficulties
- leg pain
- legs - increased length
- leukaemia
- leukocytosis
- libido increase
- libido reduction/loss
- lichen sclerosus
- lips - dry
- lips - thin
- little finger - in-curved
- little finger - short
- liver masses
- lordosis
- lordosis (loss of)
- lymphadenectomy
- lymphadenitis
- lymphocytosis
- lymphoedema
- macroglossia
- malaise
- malaise (post-exertional)
- malodorous perspiration
- mania
- marcus gunn pupil
- mastalgia
- meckel's diverticulum
- melena
- menorrhagia
- menstrual disorder
- mesenteric ischaemia
- metabolic alkalosis
- microalbuminuria
- microcephaly
- micrognathia
- micropenis
- milk-alkali syndrome
- miscarriage
- mood changes/swings
- mouth - down-turned
- mouth - small
- movement - limited range of
- mucosal pigmentation
- muscle atrophy
- muscle freezing
- muscle hypertrophy
- muscle rigidity
- myalgia
- myasthaenia
- mydriasis
- myelodysplasia
- myeloma
- myoclonus
- myodesopsia
- myokymia
- myopathy
- myopia
- myosis
- nail clubbing
- nail dystrophy
- nasal obstruction
- nausea
- neck - loose skin (nape)
- neck - short
- neck mass
- neck pain/discomfort
- necrolytic migratory erythema
- necrosis
- nephrocalcinosis
- nephropathy
- neurofibromas
- night terrors
- nipple change
- nipple discharge
- nipple inversion
- nipple retraction
- nipples widely spaced
- nocturia
- normochromic normocytic anaemia
- nose - depressed bridge
- nose - flat bridge
- nose - thickening
- nystagmus
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
- obstetrical haemorrhage
- obstructive sleep apnoea
- odynophagia
- oedema
- oesophageal atresia
- oesophagitis
- oligomenorrhoea
- oliguria
- onychauxis
- oophoritis
- ophthalmoplegia
- optic atrophy
- orbital fat prolapse
- orbital hypertelorism
- orthostatic hypotension
- osteoarthritis
- osteopenia
- otitis media
- ovarian cysts
- ovarian hyperplasia
- palatoschisis
- pallor
- palmar erythema
- palpebral fissure (downslanted)
- palpebral fissure (extended)
- palpebral fissure (reduced)
- palpebral fissure (upslanted)
- palpitations
- pancreatic fibrosis
- pancytopaenia
- panic attacks
- papilloedema
- paraesthesia
- paralysis
- paranoia
- patellar dislocation
- patellar subluxation
- pedal ulceration
- pellagra
- pelvic mass
- pelvic pain
- penile agenesis
- peptic ulcer
- pericardial effusion
- periodontitis
- periosteal bone reactions
- peripheral oedema
- personality change
- pes cavus
- petechiae
- peyronie's disease
- pharyngitis
- philtrum - long
- philtrum - short
- phosphaturia
- photophobia
- photosensitivity
- pleurisy
- poikiloderma
- polydactyly
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- polyuria
- poor wound healing
- postmenopausal bleeding
- post-nasal drip
- postprandial fullness
- postural instability
- prehypertension
- premature birth
- premature labour
- prenatal growth retardation
- presbyopia
- pretibial myxoedema
- proctalgia fugax
- prognathism
- proptosis
- prosopagnosia
- proteinuria
- pruritus
- pruritus scroti
- pruritus vulvae
- pseudarthrosis
- psoriatic arthritis
- psychiatric problems
- psychomotor retardation
- psychosis
- pterygium colli
- ptosis
- puberty (delayed/absent)
- puberty (early/precocious)
- puffiness
- pulmonary embolism
- purpura
- pyelonephritis
- pyloric stenosis
- pyrexia
- pyrosis
- pyuria
- rash
- rectal pain
- rectorrhagia
- refractory anemia
- reluctance to weight-bear
- renal agenesis
- renal clubbing
- renal colic
- renal cyst
- renal failure
- renal insufficiency
- renal phosphate wasting (isolated)
- renal tubular acidosis
- respiratory failure
- reticulocytosis
- retinitis pigmentosa
- retinopathy
- retrobulbar pain
- retrograde ejaculation
- retroperitoneal fibrosis
- salivary gland swelling
- salpingitis
- salt craving
- salt wasting
- sarcoidosis
- schizophrenia
- scoliosis
- scotoma
- seborrhoeic dermatitis
- seizures
- sensory loss
- sepsis
- septic arthritis
- septic shock
- shivering
- singultus
- sinusitis
- sixth nerve palsy
- skeletal deformity
- skeletal dysplasia
- skin - texture change
- skin infections
- skin necrosis
- skin pigmentation - spotty
- skin thickening
- skin thinning
- sleep apnoea
- sleep difficulties
- sleep disturbance
- sleep hyperhidrosis
- slow growth
- slurred speech
- social difficulties
- soft tissue swelling
- somnambulism
- somniloquy
- somnolence
- sore throat
- spasms
- spastic paraplegia
- spasticity
- speech delay
- spider naevi
- splenomegaly
- sputum production
- steatorrhoea
- stomatitis
- strabismus
- strangury
- striae
- stridor
- stroke
- subfertility
- suicidal ideation
- supraclavicular fat pads
- supranuclear gaze palsy
- sweating
- syncope
- syndactyly
- tachycardia
- tachypnoea
- teeth gapping
- telangiectasias
- telecanthus
- tetraparesis
- t-reflex (absent)
- t-reflex (depressed)
- tetany
- thermodysregulation
- thrombocytopenia
- thrombocytosis
- thrombophilia
- thrush
- tics
- tinnitus
- toe clubbing
- toe deformities
- toes - thick
- toes - widely spaced
- tongue - protruding
- tracheo-oesophageal compression
- tracheo-oesophageal fistula
- tremulousness
- tricuspid insufficiency
- umbilical hernia
- uraemia
- ureter duplex
- uricaemia
- urinary frequency
- urinary incontinence
- urogenital sinus
- urticaria
- uterine hyperplasia
- uterus duplex
- vagina duplex
- vaginal bleeding
- vaginal discharge
- vaginal dryness
- vaginal pain/tenderness
- vaginism
- ventricular fibrillation
- ventricular hypertrophy
- vertigo
- viraemia
- virilisation (abnormal)
- vision - acuity reduction
- vision - blurred
- visual disturbance
- visual field defect
- visual impairment
- visual loss
- vitiligo
- vocal cord paresis
- vomiting
- von graefe's sign
- weight gain
- weight loss
- wheezing
- widened joint space(s)
- xeroderma
- xerostomia
- 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy mandelic acid
- 17-hydroxypregnenolone (urine)
- 17-ketosteroids
- 25-hydroxyvitamin-d3
- 5hiaa
- aberrant adrenal receptors
- acid-base balance
- acth stimulation
- activated partial thromboplastin time
- acyl-ghrelin
- adrenal antibodies
- adrenal function
- adrenal scintigraphy
- adrenal venous sampling
- afp tumour marker
- alanine aminotransferase
- albumin
- albumin to creatinine ratio
- aldosterone (24-hour urine)
- aldosterone (blood)
- aldosterone (plasma)
- aldosterone (serum)
- aldosterone to renin ratio
- alkaline phosphatase
- alkaline phosphatase (bone-specific)
- alpha-fetoprotein
- ammonia
- amniocentesis
- amylase
- angiography
- anion gap
- anti-acetylcholine antibodies
- anticardiolipin antibody
- anti-insulin antibodies
- anti-islet cell antibody
- anti-gh antibodies
- antinuclear antibody
- anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies
- asvs
- barium studies
- basal insulin
- base excess
- apolipoprotein h
- beta-hydroxybutyrate
- bicarbonate
- bilirubin
- biopsy
- blood film
- blood pressure
- bmi
- body fat mass
- bone age
- bone biopsy
- bone mineral content
- bone mineral density
- bone mineral density test
- bone scintigraphy
- bone sialoprotein
- bound insulin
- brca1/brca2
- c1np
- c3 complement
- c4 complement
- ca125
- calcifediol
- calcium (serum)
- calcium (urine)
- calcium to creatinine clearance ratio
- carcinoembryonic antigen
- cardiac index
- catecholamines (24-hour urine)
- catecholamines (plasma)
- cd-56
- chemokines
- chest auscultation
- chloride
- chorionic villus sampling
- chromatography
- chromogranin a
- chromosomal analysis
- clomid challenge
- clonidine suppression
- collagen
- colonoscopy
- colposcopy
- continuous glucose monitoring
- core needle biopsy
- corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test
- cortisol (9am)
- cortisol (plasma)
- cortisol (midnight)
- cortisol (salivary)
- cortisol (serum)
- cortisol day curve
- cortisol, free (24-hour urine)
- c-peptide (24-hour urine)
- c-peptide (blood)
- c-reactive protein
- creatinine
- creatine kinase
- creatinine (24-hour urine)
- creatinine (serum)
- creatinine clearance
- crh stimulation
- ctpa scan
- ct scan
- c-telopeptide
- cytokines
- deoxypyridinoline
- dexa scan
- dexamethasone suppression
- dexamethasone suppression (high dose)
- dexamethasone suppression (low dose)
- dhea sulphate
- discectomy
- dldl cholesterol
- dmsa scan
- dna sequencing
- domperidone
- down syndrome screening
- ductal lavage
- echocardiogram
- eeg
- electrocardiogram
- electrolytes
- electromyography
- endoscopic ultrasound
- endoscopy
- endosonography
- enzyme immunoassay
- epinephrine (plasma)
- epinephrine (urine)
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- estimated glomerular filtration rate
- ethanol ablation
- ewing and clarke autonomic function
- exercise tolerance
- fbc
- ferritin
- fine needle aspiration biopsy
- flow cytometry
- fludrocortisone suppression
- fluticasone-propionate-17-beta carboxylic acid
- fmri
- folate
- ft3
- ft4
- gada
- gallium nitrate
- gallium scan
- gastric biopsy
- genetic analysis
- genitography
- gh day curve
- gh stimulation
- gh suppression
- glp-1
- glp-2
- glucose suppression test
- glucose (blood)
- glucose (blood, fasting)
- glucose (blood, postprandial)
- glucose (urine)
- glucose tolerance
- glucose tolerance (intravenous)
- glucose tolerance (oral)
- glucose tolerance (prolonged)
- gluten sensitivity
- gnrh stimulation
- gonadotrophins
- growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 test
- gut hormones (fasting)
- haematoxylin and eosin staining
- haemoglobin
- haemoglobin a1c
- hcg (serum)
- hcg (urine)
- hcg stimulation
- hdl cholesterol
- hearing test
- heart rate
- hepatic venous sampling with arterial stimulation
- high-sensitivity c-reactive protein
- histopathology
- hla genotyping
- holter monitoring
- homa
- homocysteine
- hyaluronic acid
- hydrocortisone day curve
- hydroxyproline
- hydroxyprogesterone
- hysteroscopy
- igfbp2
- igfbp3
- igg4/igg ratio
- immunocytochemistry
- immunohistochemistry
- immunoglobulins
- immunoglobulin g2
- immunoglobulin g4
- immunoglobulin a
- immunoglobulin m
- immunostaining
- inferior petrosal sinus sampling
- inhibin b
- insulin (fasting)
- insulin suppression
- insulin tissue resistance tests
- insulin tolerance
- intracranial pressure
- irm imaging
- ketones (plasma)
- ketones (urine)
- kidney function
- lactate
- lactate dehydrogenase
- laparoscopy
- laparoscopy and dye
- laparotomy
- ldl cholesterol
- leuprolide acetate stimulation
- leukocyte esterase (urine)
- levothyroxine absorption
- lipase (serum)
- lipid profile
- liquid-based cytology
- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- liver biopsy
- liver function
- lumbar puncture
- lung function testing
- luteinising hormone releasing hormone test
- macroprolactin
- magnesium
- mag3 scan
- mammogram
- mantoux test
- metanephrines (plasma)
- metanephrines (urinary)
- methoxytyramine
- metoclopramide
- metyrapone cortisol day curve
- metyrapone suppression
- metyrapone test dose
- mibg scan
- microarray analysis
- molecular genetic analysis
- mri
- myocardial biopsy
- nerve conduction study
- neuroendocrine markers
- neuron-specific enolase
- norepinephrine
- ntx
- oct
- octreotide scan
- octreotide suppression test
- osmolality
- ovarian venous sampling
- p1np
- palpation
- pap test
- parathyroid scintigraphy
- pentagastrin
- perchlorate discharge
- percutaneous umbilical blood sampling
- peripheral blood film
- pet scan
- ph (blood)
- phosphate (serum)
- phosphate (urine)
- pituitary function
- plasma osmolality
- plasma viscosity
- platelet count
- pneumococcal antigen
- pneumococcal pcr
- polymerase chain reaction
- polysomnography
- porter-silber chromogens
- potassium
- pregnancy test
- proinsulin
- prostate-specific antigen
- protein electrophoresis
- protein fingerprinting
- protein folding analysis
- psychiatric assessment
- psychometric assessment
- pulse oximetry
- pyelography
- pyridinium crosslinks
- quicki
- plasma renin activity
- radioimmunoassay
- radionuclide imaging
- raiu test
- red blood cell count
- renal biopsy
- renin (24-hour urine)
- respiratory status
- renin (blood)
- renin plasma activity
- rheumatoid factor
- salt loading
- sdldl cholesterol
- secretin stimulation
- selective parathyroid venous sampling
- selective transhepatic portal venous sampling
- semen analysis
- serotonin
- serum osmolality
- serum free insulin
- sestamibi scan
- sex hormone binding globulin
- shbg
- skeletal muscle mass
- skin biopsy
- sleep diary
- sodium
- spect scan
- supervised 72-hour fast
- surgical biopsy
- sweat test
- synaptophysin
- systemic vascular resistance index
- tanner scale
- thoracocentesis
- thyroid transcription factor-1
- thyroglobulin
- thyroid antibodies
- thyroid function
- thyroid scintigraphy
- thyroid ultrasonography
- total cholesterol
- total ghrelin
- total t3
- total t4
- trabecular thickness
- transaminase
- transvaginal ultrasound
- trap 5b
- trh stimulation
- triglycerides
- triiodothyronine (t3) suppression
- troponin
- tsh receptor antibodies
- type 3 precollagen
- type 4 collagen
- ultrasound-guided biopsy
- ultrasound scan
- urea and electrolytes
- uric acid (blood)
- uric acid (urine)
- urinalysis
- urinary free cortisol
- urine 24-hour volume
- urine osmolality
- vaginal examination
- vanillylmandelic acid (24-hour urine)
- visual field assessment
- vitamin b12
- vitamin e
- waist circumference
- water deprivation
- water load
- weight
- western blotting
- white blood cell count
- white blood cell differential count
- x-ray
- zinc
- abscess drainage
- acetic acid injection
- adhesiolysis
- adrenalectomy
- amputation
- analgesics
- angioplasty
- arthrodesis
- assisted reproduction techniques
- bariatric surgery
- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
- blood transfusion
- bone grafting
- caesarean section
- cardiac transplantation
- cardiac pacemaker
- cataract extraction
- chemoembolisation
- chemotherapy
- chemoradiotherapy
- clitoroplasty
- continuous renal replacement therapy
- contraception
- cordotomy
- counselling
- craniotomy
- cryopreservation
- cryosurgical ablation
- debridement
- dialysis
- diazoxide
- diet
- duodenotomy
- endonasal endoscopic surgery
- exercise
- external fixation
- extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- extraocular muscle surgery
- eye surgery
- eyelid surgery
- fasciotomy
- fluid repletion
- fluid restriction
- gamma knife radiosurgery
- gastrectomy
- gastrostomy
- gender reassignment surgery
- gonadectomy
- heart transplantation
- hormone replacement
- hormone suppression
- hypophysectomy
- hysterectomy
- inguinal orchiectomy
- internal fixation
- intra-cardiac defibrillator
- islet transplantation
- ivf
- kidney transplantation
- laparoscopic adrenalectomy
- laryngoplasty
- laryngoscopy
- laser lithotripsy
- light treatment
- liver transplantation
- lumpectomy
- lymph node dissection
- mastectomy
- molecularly targeted therapy
- neuroendoscopic surgery
- oophorectomy
- orbital decompression
- orbital radiation
- orchidectomy
- orthopaedic surgery
- osteotomy
- ovarian cystectomy
- ovarian diathermy
- oxygen therapy
- pancreas transplantation
- pancreatectomy
- pancreaticoduodenectomy
- parathyroidectomy
- percutaneous adrenal ablation
- percutaneous nephrolithotomy
- pericardiocentesis
- pericardiotomy
- physiotherapy
- pituitary adenomectomy
- plasma exchange
- plasmapheresis
- psychotherapy
- radiofrequency ablation
- radionuclide therapy
- radiotherapy
- reconstruction of genitalia
- resection of tumour
- right-sided hemicolectomy
- salpingo-oophorectomy
- small bowel resection
- speech and language therapy
- spinal surgery
- splenectomy
- stereotactic radiosurgery
- termination of pregnancy
- thymic transplantation
- thyroidectomy
- tracheostomy
- transcranial surgery
- transsphenoidal surgery
- transtentorial surgery
- vaginoplasty
- vagotomy
- 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
- 17?-estradiol
- abiraterone
- acarbose
- acetazolamide
- acetohexamide
- adalimumab
- albiglutide
- alendronate
- alogliptin
- alpha-blockers
- alphacalcidol
- alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- amiloride
- amlodipine
- amoxicillin
- anastrozole
- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- angiotensin receptor antagonists
- anthracyclines
- antiandrogens
- antibiotics
- antiemetics
- antiepileptics
- antipsychotics
- antithyroid drugs
- antiseptic
- antivirals
- aripiprazole
- aromatase inhibitors
- aspirin
- astragalus membranaceus
- ativan
- atenolol
- atorvastatin
- avp receptor antagonists
- axitinib
- azathioprine
- bendroflumethiazide
- benzodiazepines
- beta-blockers
- betamethasone
- bexlosteride
- bicalutamide
- bisphosphonates
- bleomycin
- botulinum toxin
- bromocriptine
- cabergoline
- cabozantinib
- calcimimetics
- calcitonin (salmon)
- calcium
- calcium carbonate
- calcium chloride
- calcium dobesilate
- calcium edta
- calcium gluconate
- calcium-l-aspartate
- calcium polystyrene sulphonate
- canagliflozin
- capecitabine
- captopril
- carbimazole
- carboplatin
- carbutamide
- carvedilol
- ceftriaxone
- chlorothiazide
- chlorpropamide
- cholecalciferol
- cholinesterase inhibitors
- ciclosporin
- cinacalcet
- cisplatin
- clodronate
- clomifene
- clomiphene citrate
- clopidogrel
- co-cyprindiol
- codeine
- colonic polyps
- combined oral contraceptive pill
- conivaptan
- cortisone acetate
- continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion
- continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
- coumadin
- corticosteroids
- cortisol
- cyproterone acetate
- dacarbazine
- danazol
- dapagliflozin
- daunorubicin
- deferiprone
- demeclocycline
- denosumab
- desmopressin
- dexamethasone
- diazepam
- diethylstilbestrol
- digoxin
- diltiazem
- diphenhydramine
- diuretics
- docetaxel
- dopamine agonists
- dopamine antagonists
- dopamine receptor agonists
- doxazosin
- doxepin
- doxorubicin
- dpp4 inhibitors
- dutasteride
- dutogliptin
- eflornithine
- enoxaparin
- empagliflozin
- epinephrine
- epirubicin
- eplerenone
- epristeride
- equilenin
- equilin
- erlotinib
- ethinylestradiol
- etidronate
- etomidate
- etoposide
- everolimus
- exenatide
- fenofibrate
- finasteride
- fluconazole
- fluticasone
- fludrocortisone
- fluorouracil
- fluoxetine
- flutamide
- furosemide
- gaba receptor antagonists
- gefitinib
- gemcitabine
- gemigliptin
- ginkgo biloba
- glibenclamide
- glibornuride
- gliclazide
- glimepiride
- glipizide
- gliquidone
- glisoxepide
- glp1 agonists
- glucose
- glyclopyramide
- gnrh analogue
- gnrh antagonists
- heparin
- hrt (menopause)
- hydrochlorothiazide
- hydrocortisone
- ibandronate
- ibuprofen
- idarubicin
- idebenone
- imatinib
- immunoglobulin therapy
- implanon
- indapamide
- infliximab
- iron supplements
- isoniazid
- insulin aspart
- insulin glargine
- insulin glulisine
- insulin lispro
- interferon
- intrauterine system
- iopanoic acid
- ipilimumab
- ipragliflozin
- irbesartan
- izonsteride
- ketoconazole
- labetalol
- lactulose
- lanreotide
- leuprolide acetate
- levatinib
- levodopa
- levonorgestrel
- levothyroxine
- linagliptin
- liothyronine
- liraglutide
- lithium
- lisinopril
- lixivaptan
- loperamide
- loprazolam
- lormetazepam
- losartan
- low calcium formula
- magnesium glycerophosphate
- magnesium sulphate
- mecasermin
- medronate
- medroxyprogesterone acetate
- meglitinides
- menotropin
- metformin
- methadone
- methimazole
- methylprednisolone
- metoprolol
- metyrapone
- miglitol
- mitotane
- mitoxantrone
- mozavaptan
- mtor inhibitors
- multivitamins
- naproxen
- natalizumab
- nateglinide
- nelivaptan
- neridronate
- nifedipine
- nilutamide
- nitrazepam
- nivolumab
- nsaid
- octreotide
- oestradiol valerate
- olanzapine
- olpadronate
- omeprazole
- opioids
- oral contraceptives
- orlistat
- ornipressin
- otelixizumab
- oxandrolone
- oxidronate
- oxybutynin
- paclitaxel
- pamidronate
- pancreatic enzymes
- pantoprazole
- paracetamol
- paroxetine
- pasireotide
- pegvisomant
- perindopril
- phenobarbital
- phenoxybenzamine
- phosphate binders
- phosphate supplements
- phytohaemagglutinin induced interferon gamma
- pioglitazone
- plicamycin
- potassium chloride
- potassium iodide
- pramlintide
- prazosin
- prednisolone
- prednisone
- premarin
- promethazine
- propranolol
- propylthiouracil
- protease inhibitors
- proton pump inhibitors
- pyridostigmine
- quetiapine
- quinagolide
- quinestrol
- radioactive mibg
- radioactive octreotide
- radioiodine
- raloxifene
- ramipril
- relcovaptan
- remogliflozin etabonate
- repaglinide
- risperidone
- risedronate
- rituximab
- romidepsin
- rosiglitazone
- salbutamol
- saline
- salmeterol
- salt supplements
- satavaptan
- saxagliptin
- selective progesterone receptor modulators
- selenium
- sglt2 inhibitors
- sildenafil
- simvastatin
- sirolimus
- sitagliptin
- sodium bicarbonate
- sodium chloride
- sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate)
- somatostatin analogues
- sorafenib
- spironolactone
- ssris
- statins
- streptozotocin
- steroids
- strontium ranelate
- sucralfate
- sulphonylureas
- sunitinib
- tamoxifen
- taspoglutide
- temazepam
- temozolomide
- teplizumab
- terazosin
- teriparatide
- testolactone
- testosterone enanthate esters
- tetrabenazine
- thalidomide
- thiazolidinediones
- thyrotropin alpha
- tibolone
- tiludronate
- tiratricol (triac)
- tofogliflozin
- tolazamide
- tolbutamide
- tolvaptan
- tramadol
- trastuzumab
- trazodone
- triamcinolone
- triamterene
- trimipramine
- troglitazone
- tryptophan
- turosteride
- tyrosine-kinase inhibitors
- valproic acid
- valrubicin
- vandetanib
- vaptans
- vildagliptin
- vinorelbine
- voglibose
- vorinostat
- warfarin
- zaleplon
- z-drugs
- zoledronic acid
- zolpidem
- zopiclone
- cardiology
- dermatology
- gastroenterology
- general practice
- genetics
- geriatrics
- gynaecology
- nephrology
- neurology
- nursing
- obstetrics
- oncology
- otolaryngology
- paediatrics
- pathology
- podiatry
- psychology/psychiatry
- radiology/rheumatology
- rehabilitation
- surgery
- urology
- insight into disease pathogenesis or mechanism of therapy
- novel diagnostic procedure
- novel treatment
- unique/unexpected symptoms or presentations of a disease
- new disease or syndrome: presentations/diagnosis/management
- unusual effects of medical treatment
- error in diagnosis/pitfalls and caveats
- february
- 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Jazdarehee
- Department of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sawyer Huget-Penner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraser Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monika Pawlowska
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Fujikawa H, Hayashi D, Sato M. Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Snap Diagnosis During a Medical Checkup. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:e8-e9. [PMID: 35038421 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Fujikawa
- Department of Medical Education Studies, International Research Center for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Daigo Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suwa Central Hospital, Chino, Nagano, Japan
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Viegas D, Pereira CD, Martins F, Mateus T, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Herdeiro MT, Rebelo S. Nuclear Envelope Alterations in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patient-Derived Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:522. [PMID: 35008948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a hereditary and multisystemic disease characterized by myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. The molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are still poorly characterized, although there are some hypotheses that envisage to explain the multisystemic features observed in DM1. An emergent hypothesis is that nuclear envelope (NE) dysfunction may contribute to muscular dystrophies, particularly to DM1. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the nuclear profile of DM1 patient-derived and control fibroblasts and to determine the protein levels and subcellular distribution of relevant NE proteins in these cell lines. Our results demonstrated that DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts exhibited altered intracellular protein levels of lamin A/C, LAP1, SUN1, nesprin-1 and nesprin-2 when compared with the control fibroblasts. In addition, the results showed an altered location of these NE proteins accompanied by the presence of nuclear deformations (blebs, lobes and/or invaginations) and an increased number of nuclear inclusions. Regarding the nuclear profile, DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts had a larger nuclear area and a higher number of deformed nuclei and micronuclei than control-derived fibroblasts. These results reinforce the evidence that NE dysfunction is a highly relevant pathological characteristic observed in DM1.
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Katsuse K, Sato K, Tanaka N, Uchida I, Toda T, Mikata T, Motoyoshi Y. Predicting the CTG Repeat Size from a Single Spirometry Test Performed at Any Time during the Disease Course of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Intern Med 2022; 61:2281-2286. [PMID: 35908960 PMCID: PMC9424093 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8633-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the CTG repeat size in the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene has been shown to correlate with disease severity and is a potential predictive marker for respiratory decline. However, genetic testing can be challenging in some clinical situations. We developed a simple formula for estimating the CTG repeat size using a single spirometry test in patients with DM1. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed 50 consecutive patients with genetically confirmed DM1 whose follow-up visits were at our hospital. The patients were randomly assigned to training and test analysis subsets. By applying a linear mixed model to the longitudinal spirometry results of the training set, we calculated the fixed effects on the annual respiratory decline. Subsequently, we derived a prediction formula to calculate the repeat size that incorporated %vital capacity (%VC) and the patient's age at the time of the spirometry evaluation; the results were validated by the test set. Results A total of 157 spirometry tests were recorded. The fixed effects on the annual %VC decline were <img align="middle" src="./Graphics/abst-61_2281_1.jpg"/>=-0.90. The derived formula [repeat size=-16.8× (age+%VC/0.90) +2663] had a moderate predictive performance with a mean coefficient of determination <img align="middle" src="./Graphics/abst-61_2281_2.jpg"/> of 0.41. Conclusion The CTG repeat size in patients with DM1 can be potentially predicted using a simple formula based on a single spirometry test conducted at any time over the disease course. It can be useful as a supportive tool for advance care planning when genetic testing is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Katsuse
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Japan
| | - Idai Uchida
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Mikata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu National Hospital, Japan
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Peric S, Pesovic J, Savic-Pavicevic D, Rakocevic Stojanovic V, Meola G. Molecular and Clinical Implications of Variant Repeats in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:354. [PMID: 35008780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is one of the most variable monogenic diseases at phenotypic, genetic, and epigenetic level. The disease is multi-systemic with the age at onset ranging from birth to late age. The underlying mutation is an unstable expansion of CTG repeats in the DMPK gene, varying in size from 50 to >1000 repeats. Generally, large expansions are associated with an earlier age at onset. Additionally, the most severe, congenital DM1 form is typically associated with local DNA methylation. Genetic variability of DM1 mutation is further increased by its structural variations due to presence of other repeats (e.g., CCG, CTC, CAG). These variant repeats or repeat interruptions seem to confer an additional level of epigenetic variability since local DNA methylation is frequently associated with variant CCG repeats independently of the expansion size. The effect of repeat interruptions on DM1 molecular pathogenesis is not investigated enough. Studies on patients indicate their stabilizing effect on DMPK expansions because no congenital cases were described in patients with repeat interruptions, and the age at onset is frequently later than expected. Here, we review the clinical relevance of repeat interruptions in DM1 and genetic and epigenetic characteristics of interrupted DMPK expansions based on patient studies.
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EVLİCE B, KOÇ F, DUYAN H, SOYDAN ÇABUK D. Three-dimensional assessment of pharyngeal airway in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:3022-3029. [PMID: 34590803 PMCID: PMC10734836 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2105-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The objectives of this study were to assess pharyngeal airway volume (PAV) in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the impact of diaphragm thickness and pulmonary function tests on PAV. Materials and methods Thirty DM1 patients (10 female and 20 male; mean age 42.40 ± 12.07) were included in the study. Age and sex-matched thirty patients were participated as control group. In DM1 group pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed. Independent t-test was used to compare PAV values of patients with DM1 and control group. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the parameters according to sex ( p < 0.05). Pearson and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate the relationships between parameters of DM1 patients (p < 0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explain the PAV with parameters that showed positive correlation with PAV. Results Age of onset and disease duration were 22.37 ± 8.45 and 20.03 ± 12.08, respectively, in patients with DM1. PAV values of control group were significantly lower than DM1 group ( p < 0.001). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced volume vital capacity values were higher in males than females in DM1 group according to sex ( p < 0.001). PAV values were greater in male patients than females of the DM1 group ( p = 0.022). Diaphragm thickness in DM1 group after inspiration and expiration were 2.60 ± 0.65 and 1.94 ± 0.40, respectively. According to the regression analysis, DTai and FVC were significantly explained the PAV. Conclusion PAV was higher in DM1 group. There was a significant positive correlation between diaphragm thickness, pulmonary functions, and PAVs of DM1 patients. The amount of the PAV was mostly influenced by DTai and FVC. It is recommended to evaluate the PAV in patients with DM1 because of impaired respiratory functions and pharyngeal muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu EVLİCE
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana,
Turkey
| | - Filiz KOÇ
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana,
Turkey
| | - Hazal DUYAN
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana,
Turkey
| | - Damla SOYDAN ÇABUK
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana,
Turkey
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Huang P, Luan XH, Xie Z, Li MT, Chen SD, Liu J, Jia XZ, Cao L, Zhou HY. Altered Local Brain Amplitude of Fluctuations in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:790632. [PMID: 34955817 PMCID: PMC8703136 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.790632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the spontaneous brain activity in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A total of 18 patients with DM1 and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by resting-state functional MRI. Combined methods include amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs), the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), and Wavelet transform-based ALFFs (Wavelet-ALFFs) with standardization, percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) with/without standardization were applied to evaluate the spontaneous brain activity of patients with DM1. Compared with HCs, patients with DM1 showed decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs in the bilateral precuneus (PCUN), angular gyrus (ANG), inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri (IPL), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), superior frontal gyrus, medial (SFGmed), middle occipital gyrus (MOG), which were mainly distributed in the brain regions of default mode network (DMN). Decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs were also seen in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (IFGoperc), which were the main components of the executive control network (ECN). Patients with DM1 also showed decreased fALFFs in SFGmed.R, the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACGR), bilateral MFG. Reduced PerAF in bilateral PCUN, ANG, PCG, MOG, and IPLL as well as decreased PerAF without standardization in PCUNR and bilateral PCG also existed in patients with DM1. In conclusion, patients with DM1 had decreased activity in DMN and ECN with increased fluctuations in the temporal cortex and cerebellum. Decreased brain activity in DMN was the most repeatable and reliable with PCUN and PCG being the most specific imaging biomarker of brain dysfunction in patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Hua Luan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Xie
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ze Jia
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Souidi A, Jagla K. Drosophila Heart as a Model for Cardiac Development and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3078. [PMID: 34831301 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila heart, also referred to as the dorsal vessel, pumps the insect blood, the hemolymph. The bilateral heart primordia develop from the most dorsally located mesodermal cells, migrate coordinately, and fuse to form the cardiac tube. Though much simpler, the fruit fly heart displays several developmental and functional similarities to the vertebrate heart and, as we discuss here, represents an attractive model system for dissecting mechanisms of cardiac aging and heart failure and identifying genes causing congenital heart diseases. Fast imaging technologies allow for the characterization of heartbeat parameters in the adult fly and there is growing evidence that cardiac dysfunction in human diseases could be reproduced and analyzed in Drosophila, as discussed here for heart defects associated with the myotonic dystrophy type 1. Overall, the power of genetics and unsuspected conservation of genes and pathways puts Drosophila at the heart of fundamental and applied cardiac research.
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Matsumura T, Akizawa Y, Ishigaki K, Takahashi MP. [Questionnaire surveys of clinical genetic specialists on the medical genetics for patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021; 61:602-612. [PMID: 34433745 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We conducted nationwide questionnaire surveys of medical genetics for patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 to certified medical geneticists. Explanations about the patient's problems were influenced by geneticist's specialties and central nervous system disorders. Many geneticists answered that male patients are also eligible for prenatal/preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and they perform prenatal genetic diagnosis for men if asked. About 40% of respondents answered that criteria for preimplantation genetic diagnosis should be relaxed. Thus, we investigated the implementation status of prenatal/preimplantation genetic diagnosis at the participating facilities of the national liaison council for clinical sections of medical genetics. No facility had an experience of prenatal/preimplantation genetic diagnosis for male patients. Still, one facility was applying for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. The social consensus of reproductive medicine is influenced by technological progress and historical background. It is essential to eliminate the eugenic's idea and form a social consensus through sufficient discussions with participants from many areas, including the patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Toneyama Medical Center
| | - Yoshika Akizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | | | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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