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Breithaupt L, Chunga-Iturry N, Lyall AE, Cetin-Karayumak S, Becker KR, Thomas JJ, Slattery M, Makris N, Plessow F, Pasternak O, Holsen LM, Kubicki M, Misra M, Lawson EA, Eddy KT. Developmental stage-dependent relationships between ghrelin levels and hippocampal white matter connections in low-weight anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104722. [PMID: 32512249 PMCID: PMC8629489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruptions in homeostatic and hedonic food motivation are proposed to underlie anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN, restrictive eating disorders which commonly onset in puberty. Ghrelin, a neuroprotective hormone that drives hedonic eating is increased in AN and is expressed in the hippocampus. White matter (WM) undergoes significant change during puberty in regions involved in food motivation, particularly WM tracts connected with the hippocampus. The association between ghrelin and WM region of interest (ROI) with hippocampal connections in restrictive eating disorders, particularly in adolescence during key neurodevelopmental growth, is unknown. METHODS We evaluated fasting plasma ghrelin and WM microstructure (measured by free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FA-t)) in WM ROIs with hippocampal connections - the fornix and the hippocampal portion of the cingulum - in 56 adolescent females (age range: 11.9 - 22.1 y; mean: 19.0 y) with low-weight eating disorders including AN and atypical AN (N = 36) and healthy controls (N = 20). RESULTS FA-t in the fornix or hippocampal portion of the fornix did not differ between groups. Ghrelin was higher in AN/atypical AN vs. HC and was positively correlated with puberty stage in the AN/atypical AN group, but not the HC group. The correlation between ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix was significantly different in females with AN/atypical AN compared to controls. In AN/atypical AN, pubertal stage moderated the relation between fasting plasma ghrelin and FA-t in the fornix: higher fasting ghrelin was associated with lower FA-t in the fornix in late-post-puberty, but was not associated with FA-t in the early to mid stages of puberty. CONCLUSIONS In post-pubertal females with low-weight AN/atypical AN, higher levels of ghrelin are associated with lower FA-t in the fornix. This relationship is not evident in the early to mid stages of puberty in AN/atypical AN or in HC, and may reflect a lack of possible neuroprotective effects of ghrelin in late-post puberty only. Understanding the effects of ghrelin on WM microstructure longitudinally and following recovery from AN/Atypical AN and how this differs across pubertal stages will be an important next step. These findings could ultimately inform treatment staging and aid in diagnosis and detection of AN/atypical AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Breithaupt
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Natalia Chunga-Iturry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Amanda E Lyall
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kendra R Becker
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan Slattery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chouzouris TM, Dovolou E, Rekkas CA, Georgoulias P, Athanasiou LV, Amiridis GS. A study on ghrelin and LH secretion after short fasting and on ghrelin levels at perioestrual period in dairy cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:91-99. [PMID: 30171634 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments, we studied (a) the changes of LH secretion in heifers under different feeding schedules and (b) total ghrelin concentration at oestrus in cows and heifers. In experiment one, synchronized heifers were allocated in three groups (R, regularly fed controls; F, fasted; and F-F fasted-fed). One day after the completion of the oestrous induction protocol, group F and F-F animals stayed without feed for 24 hr; thereafter, feed was provided to R and F-F cattle; 2 hr later, GnRH was administered to all animals. Blood samples were collected for ghrelin, progesterone, LH and cortisol concentrations. Fasting caused increased ghrelin concentrations in groups F and F-F, while in response to GnRH, LH surge was significantly attenuated in groups F and F-F compared to R. In experiment 2, lactating cows and heifers were used. On day 9 of a synchronized cycle, PGF2α was administered, and blood samples were collected twice daily until the third day after oestrus and analysed for progesterone, estradiol, ghrelin, glucose and BHBA concentrations. No difference was recorded between groups in steroids and BHBA concentrations. In comparison to mid-luteal values, ghrelin concentrations significantly increased at perioestrual period in cows, but not in heifers. This study provides evidence that starving-induced elevated ghrelin concentrations can have suppressing effect on LH secretion, even after ghrelin's restoration to basal values and that during oestrus, ghrelin secretion is differently regulated in cows and heifers, likely being independent from oestradiol concentrations. Further research is required to identify the determining factors that drive the different regulation of ghrelin secretion in cows and heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Markos Chouzouris
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lambrini V Athanasiou
- Department of Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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