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Johansen M, Haskell GT, Arreola A, Riordan C, Gadi IK, Penton A, Papenhausen PR, Schwartz S. Prenatal detection of mosaicism for a genome wide uniparental disomy cell line in a cohort of patients: Implications and outcomes. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:586-594. [PMID: 38558419 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prenatal detection rate of mosaicism by SNP microarray analysis, in which an individual has not one, but two, complete genomes (sets of DNA) in their body, a normal biparental line with a Genome Wide Uniparental Disomy (GWUPD) cell line was used. METHODS This study retrospectively examines the prenatal detection of GWUPD in a cohort of ∼90,000 prenatal specimens and ∼20,000 products of conceptions (POCs) that were studied by SNP microarray. RESULTS In total, 25 cases of GWUPD were detected; 16 cases were detected prenatally with GWUPD (∼0.018%) and 9 POCs revealed GWUPD (0.045%). The nine POC specimens presented with placental abnormalities. The 12 amniotic fluid specimens were ascertained because of abnormal ultrasound findings. Nine of 12 pregnancies had findings consistent with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or because of abnormal placentas. However, three pregnancies were detected with GWUPD of maternal origin, with less common findings and demonstrated maternal origin. Four other pregnancies showed GWUPD in a chorionic villus sample, but normal findings in amniotic fluid and apparently normal fetal development. CONCLUSIONS This cohort with GWUPD mosaicism expands our understanding of GWUPD and has implications for prenatal care and counseling. Additional studies are necessary to understand the rarer maternal GWUPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet Johansen
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gloria T Haskell
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Arreola
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christine Riordan
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Inder K Gadi
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Penton
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter R Papenhausen
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Stuart Schwartz
- Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Labcorp, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Eggermann T, Prawitt D. Further understanding of paternal uniparental disomy in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:513-521. [PMID: 36377076 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2144228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (upd(11)pat) accounts for up to 20% of molecularly confirmed Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) cases. It belongs to the BWSp subgroup with the second highest tumor risk, and therefore needs particular awareness in research, diagnostics and clinical management. AREAS COVERED We overview the contribution of paternal (mosaic) uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (UPD, upd(11)pat) and mosaic paternal uniparental diploidy in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann features. The review comprises the current knowledge on their formation and their molecular and clinical consequences. Accordingly, the consequences for diagnostic testing and clinical monitoring are compiled. EXPERT OPINION The necessity to diagnostically identify and thus discriminate genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy, and upd(11)pat becomes obvious, due to the differences in the clinical course, disease prognosis, and treatment. In particular, monitoring of tumor development by liquid biopsy might be a promising option in the future. From the research point of view, it should be addressed why 11p is prone to mitotic recombination and thus also provide to the role of upd(11) as second hit in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Vihinen M. Individual Genetic Heterogeneity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091626. [PMID: 36140794 PMCID: PMC9498725 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation has been widely covered in literature, however, not from the perspective of an individual in any species. Here, a synthesis of genetic concepts and variations relevant for individual genetic constitution is provided. All the different levels of genetic information and variation are covered, ranging from whether an organism is unmixed or hybrid, has variations in genome, chromosomes, and more locally in DNA regions, to epigenetic variants or alterations in selfish genetic elements. Genetic constitution and heterogeneity of microbiota are highly relevant for health and wellbeing of an individual. Mutation rates vary widely for variation types, e.g., due to the sequence context. Genetic information guides numerous aspects in organisms. Types of inheritance, whether Mendelian or non-Mendelian, zygosity, sexual reproduction, and sex determination are covered. Functions of DNA and functional effects of variations are introduced, along with mechanism that reduce and modulate functional effects, including TARAR countermeasures and intraindividual genetic conflict. TARAR countermeasures for tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation, and resistance are essential for life, integrity of genetic information, and gene expression. The genetic composition, effects of variations, and their expression are considered also in diseases and personalized medicine. The text synthesizes knowledge and insight on individual genetic heterogeneity and organizes and systematizes the central concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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Atwal PS, Midei M, Adams D, Fay A, Heerinckx F, Milner P. The infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy rating scale (INAD-RS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:195. [PMID: 32727524 PMCID: PMC7392694 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background INAD is an autosomal recessive neurogenetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in PLA2G6. The downstream enzyme, iPLA2, plays a critical role in cell membrane homeostasis by helping to regulate levels of phospholipids. The clinical presentation occurs between 6 months and 3 years with global developmental regression, hypotonia, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. Progression is often rapid, resulting in severe spasticity, visual impairment, and cognitive decline, with many children not surviving past the first decade of life. To date, no accepted tool for assessing the severity of INAD exists; other commonly used scales (e.g. CHOP-INTEND, Modified Ashworth, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale) do not accurately gauge the current severity of INAD, nor are they sensitive/specific enough to monitor disease progression. Finally, these other scales are not appropriate, because they do not address the combination of CNS, peripheral nerve, and visual pathology that occurs in children with INAD. Methods We have developed and validated a structured neurological examination for INAD (scored out of 80). The examination includes six main categories of pediatric developmental evaluation: 1) gross motor-and-truncal-stability skills, 2) fine motor skills, 3) bulbar function, 4) ocular function, 5) temporo-frontal function, and, 6) Functional evaluation of the autonomic nervous system. A cohort of patients diagnosed with INAD were followed prospectively to validate the score against disease severity and disease progression. Results We show significant correlation between the total neurological assessment score and months since symptom onset with a statistically significant (p = 6.7 × 10− 07) correlation between assessment score and disease onset. As hypothesized, the coefficient of months-since-symptom-onset is strongly negative, indicating a negative correlation between total score and months since symptom onset. Conclusion We have developed and validated a novel neurological assessment score in INAD that demonstrates strong correlation with disease severity and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darius Adams
- Atlantic Medical Group, Morris Township, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Fay
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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The effectiveness of Wilms tumor screening in Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:3115-3123. [PMID: 31583434 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well documented that patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWS) have a significantly higher risk of developing Wilms tumor (WT) than the general population. There has been little research on the timing of WT diagnosis in BWS in regard to optimizing suggested screening protocols. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify all reports of patients with BWS and WT. These data were combined with unpublished data from patients in the authors' cohorts. Age at WT diagnosis was compared against data collected through the NIH Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) registry. RESULTS Patients with BWS had a significantly higher incidence of WT diagnoses between age 12 and 84 months compared to patients in the SEER registry. Patients with BWS and WT diagnosed through screening had significantly lower stages at diagnosis compared to patients with BWS that were not screened. CONCLUSIONS Screening until age 7 years is effective in detecting close to 95% of all WT in patients with BWS.
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Postema FAM, Bliek J, van Noesel CJM, van Zutven LJCM, Oosterwijk JC, Hopman SMJ, Merks JHM, Hennekam RC. Multiple tumors due to mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27715. [PMID: 30882989 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy is an infrequently described disorder in which affected individuals have signs and symptoms that may resemble Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, they can develop multiple benign and malignant tumors throughout life. Routine molecular diagnostics may not detect the (characteristic) low level of mosaicism, and the diagnosis is likely to be missed. Genetic counseling and a life-long alertness for the development of tumors is indicated. We describe the long diagnostic process of a patient who already had a tumor at birth and developed multiple tumors in childhood and adulthood. Furthermore, we offer clues to recognize the entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor A M Postema
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M J Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Artiles KL, Fire AZ, Frøkjær-Jensen C. Assessment and Maintenance of Unigametic Germline Inheritance for C. elegans. Dev Cell 2019; 48:827-839.e9. [PMID: 30799227 PMCID: PMC6435406 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The recent work of Besseling and Bringmann (2016) identified a molecular intervention for C. elegans in which premature segregation of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the fertilized oocyte can produce viable animals exhibiting a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern. Overexpression in embryos of a single protein regulating chromosome segregation (GPR-1) provides a germline derived clonally from a single parental gamete. We present a collection of strains and cytological assays to consistently generate and track non-Mendelian inheritance. These tools allow reproducible and high-frequency (>80%) production of non-Mendelian inheritance, the facile and simultaneous homozygosis for all nuclear chromosomes in a single generation, the precise exchange of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes between strains, and the assessments of non-canonical mitosis events. We show the utility of these strains by demonstrating a rapid assessment of cell lineage requirements (AB versus P1) for a set of genes (lin-2, lin-3, lin-12, and lin-31) with roles in C. elegans vulval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Artiles
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew Z Fire
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Christian Frøkjær-Jensen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Environmental Epigenetics Program, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous different types of variations can occur in DNA and have diverse effects and consequences. The Variation Ontology (VariO) was developed for systematic descriptions of variations and their effects at DNA, RNA and protein levels. RESULTS VariO use and terms for DNA variations are described in depth. VariO provides systematic names for variation types and detailed descriptions for changes in DNA function, structure and properties. The principles of VariO are presented along with examples from published articles or databases, most often in relation to human diseases. VariO terms describe local DNA changes, chromosome number and structure variants, chromatin alterations, as well as genomic changes, whether of genetic or non-genetic origin. CONCLUSIONS DNA variation systematics facilitates unambiguous descriptions of variations and their effects and further reuse and integration of data from different sources by both human and computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B13, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.
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Borgulová I, Soldatova I, Putzová M, Malíková M, Neupauerová J, Marková SP, Trková M, Seeman P. Genome-wide uniparental diploidy of all paternal chromosomes in an 11-year-old girl with deafness and without malignancy. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:803-810. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bens S, Luedeke M, Richter T, Graf M, Kolarova J, Barbi G, Lato K, Barth TF, Siebert R. Mosaic genome-wide maternal isodiploidy: an extreme form of imprinting disorder presenting as prenatal diagnostic challenge. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:111. [PMID: 29046733 PMCID: PMC5640928 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy of certain chromosomes are associated with a group of well-known genetic syndromes referred to as imprinting disorders. However, the extreme form of uniparental disomy affecting the whole genome is usually not compatible with life, with the exception of very rare cases of patients with mosaic genome-wide uniparental disomy reported in the literature. Results We here report on a fetus with intrauterine growth retardation and malformations observed on prenatal ultrasound leading to invasive prenatal testing. By cytogenetic (conventional karyotyping), molecular cytogenetic (QF-PCR, FISH, array), and methylation (MS-MLPA) analyses of amniotic fluid, we detected mosaicism for one cell line with genome-wide maternal uniparental disomy and a second diploid cell line of biparental inheritance with trisomy X due to paternal isodisomy X. As expected for this constellation, we observed DNA methylation changes at all imprinted loci investigated. Conclusions This report adds new information on phenotypic outcome of mosaic genome-wide maternal uniparental disomy leading to an extreme form of multilocus imprinting disturbance. Moreover, the findings highlight the technical challenges of detecting these rare chromosome disorders prenatally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bens
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gotthold Barbi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Krisztian Lato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas F Barth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm & Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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White M, McGillivray G, White SM, Zacharin MR. First report of congenital adrenal cysts and pheochromocytoma in a patient with mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3352-3355. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary White
- The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - Sue M. White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Margaret R. Zacharin
- The Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
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