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Zidoune H, Ladjouze A, Chellat-Rezgoune D, Boukri A, Dib SA, Nouri N, Tebibel M, Sifi K, Abadi N, Satta D, Benelmadani Y, Bignon-Topalovic J, El-Zaiat-Munsch M, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Novel Genomic Variants, Atypical Phenotypes and Evidence of a Digenic/Oligogenic Contribution to Disorders/Differences of Sex Development in a Large North African Cohort. Front Genet 2022; 13:900574. [PMID: 36110220 PMCID: PMC9468775 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a majority of individuals with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) a genetic etiology is often elusive. However, new genes causing DSD are routinely reported and using the unbiased genomic approaches, such as whole exome sequencing (WES) should result in an increased diagnostic yield. Here, we performed WES on a large cohort of 125 individuals all of Algerian origin, who presented with a wide range of DSD phenotypes. The study excluded individuals with congenital adrenal hypoplasia (CAH) or chromosomal DSD. Parental consanguinity was reported in 36% of individuals. The genetic etiology was established in 49.6% (62/125) individuals of the total cohort, which includes 42.2% (35/83) of 46, XY non-syndromic DSD and 69.2% (27/39) of 46, XY syndromic DSD. No pathogenic variants were identified in the 46, XX DSD cases (0/3). Variants in the AR, HSD17B3, NR5A1 and SRD5A2 genes were the most common causes of DSD. Other variants were identified in genes associated with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), including the CHD7 and PROKR2. Previously unreported pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (n = 30) involving 25 different genes were identified in 22.4% of the cohort. Remarkably 11.5% of the 46, XY DSD group carried variants classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in more than one gene known to cause DSD. The data indicates that variants in PLXNA3, a candidate CHH gene, is unlikely to be involved in CHH. The data also suggest that NR2F2 variants may cause 46, XY DSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housna Zidoune
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Djalila Chellat-Rezgoune
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Asma Boukri
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Ibn Badis Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Nassim Nouri
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Ibn Badis Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Meryem Tebibel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU Beni Messous, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Karima Sifi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Abadi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Dalila Satta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Benelmadani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | | | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Ken McElreavey,
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El-Attar EA, Helmy Elkaffas RM, Aglan SA, Naga IS, Nabil A, Abdallah HY. Genomics in Egypt: Current Status and Future Aspects. Front Genet 2022; 13:797465. [PMID: 35664315 PMCID: PMC9157251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.797465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt is the third most densely inhabited African country. Due to the economic burden and healthcare costs of overpopulation, genomic and genetic testing is a huge challenge. However, in the era of precision medicine, Egypt is taking a shift in approach from “one-size-fits all” to more personalized healthcare via advancing the practice of medical genetics and genomics across the country. This shift necessitates concrete knowledge of the Egyptian genome and related diseases to direct effective preventive, diagnostic and counseling services of prevalent genetic diseases in Egypt. Understanding disease molecular mechanisms will enhance the capacity for personalized interventions. From this perspective, we highlight research efforts and available services for rare genetic diseases, communicable diseases including the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID19), and cancer. The current state of genetic services in Egypt including availability and access to genetic services is described. Drivers for applying genomics in Egypt are illustrated with a SWOT analysis of the current genetic/genomic services. Barriers to genetic service development in Egypt, whether economic, geographic, cultural or educational are discussed as well. The sensitive topic of communicating genomic results and its ethical considerations is also tackled. To understand disease pathogenesis, much can be gained through the advancement and integration of genomic technologies via clinical applications and research efforts in Egypt. Three main pillars of multidisciplinary collaboration for advancing genomics in Egypt are envisaged: resources, infrastructure and training. Finally, we highlight the recent national plan to establish a genome center that will aim to prepare a map of the Egyptian human genome to discover and accurately determine the genetic characteristics of various diseases. The Reference Genome Project for Egyptians and Ancient Egyptians will initialize a new genomics era in Egypt. We propose a multidisciplinary governance system in Egypt to support genomic medicine research efforts and integrate into the healthcare system whilst ensuring ethical conduct of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed El-Attar
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Eman Ahmed El-Attar,
| | | | - Sarah Ahmed Aglan
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman S. Naga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Nabil
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Y. Abdallah
- Medical Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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3
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Lima AR, Ferreira BM, Zhang C, Jolly A, Du H, White JJ, Dawood M, Lins TC, Chiabai MA, van Beusekom E, Cordoba MS, Caldas Rosa ECC, Kayserili H, Kimonis V, Wu E, Mellado C, Aggarwal V, Richieri-Costa A, Brunoni D, Canó TM, Jorge AAL, Kim CA, Honjo R, Bertola DR, Dandalo-Girardi RM, Bayram Y, Gezdirici A, Yilmaz-Gulec E, Gumus E, Yilmaz GC, Okamoto N, Ohashi H, Coban-Akdemir Z, Mitani T, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Regattieri NAP, Pogue R, Pereira RW, Otto PA, Gibbs RA, Ali BR, van Bokhoven H, Brunner HG, Reid Sutton V, Lupski JR, Vianna-Morgante AM, Carvalho CMB, Mazzeu JF. Phenotypic and mutational spectrum of ROR2-related Robinow syndrome. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:900-918. [PMID: 35344616 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome is characterized by a triad of craniofacial dysmorphisms, disproportionate-limb short stature and genital hypoplasia. A significant degree of phenotypic variability seems to correlate with different genes/loci. Disturbances of the non-canonical WNT-pathway have been identified as the main cause of the syndrome. Biallelic variants in ROR2 cause an autosomal recessive form of the syndrome with distinctive skeletal findings. Twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome were screened for variants in ROR2 using multiple molecular approaches. We identified 25 putatively pathogenic ROR2 variants, 16 novel, including single nucleotide variants and exonic deletions. Detailed phenotypic analyses revealed that all subjects presented with a prominent forehead, hypertelorism, short nose, abnormality of the nasal tip, brachydactyly, mesomelic limb shortening, short stature and genital hypoplasia in male patients. A total of 19 clinical features were present in more than 75% of the subjects, thus pointing to an overall uniformity of the phenotype. Disease-causing variants in ROR2, contribute to a clinically recognizable AR trait phenotype with multiple skeletal defects. A comprehensive quantitative clinical evaluation this cohort delineated the phenotypic spectrum of ROR2-related Robinow syndrome. The identification of exonic deletion variant alleles further supports the contention of a loss-of-function mechanism in the etiology of the syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne R Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Barbara M Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angad Jolly
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janson J White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moez Dawood
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tulio C Lins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcela A Chiabai
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Mara S Cordoba
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Erica C C Caldas Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Koç University, School of Medicine (KUSoM), Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erica Wu
- Stanford University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Mellado
- Unidad de Genética, División de Pediatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vineet Aggarwal
- Department of Orthopedics, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Snowdon, Shimla-1, India
| | | | - Décio Brunoni
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - UPM, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Talyta M Canó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Núcleo de Genética - SESDF, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Chong A Kim
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rachel Honjo
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Débora R Bertola
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM25, Disciplina de Endocrinologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Raissa M Dandalo-Girardi
- Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Aconselhamento Genético e Genômica Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Evren Gumus
- Medical Genetics Department, Medicine Faculty, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Gülay C Yilmaz
- Medical Genetics Department, Medicine Faculty, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert Pogue
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paulo A Otto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Han G Brunner
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Vianna-Morgante
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, MN, USA
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