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Koprulu M, Shabbir RMK, Mumtaz S, Tolun A, Malik S. Expanding OBSL1 Mutation Phenotype: Disproportionate Short Stature, Barrel Chest, Thoracic Kyphoscoliosis, Hypogonadism, and Hypospadias. Yale J Biol Med 2023; 96:367-382. [PMID: 37780995 PMCID: PMC10524810 DOI: 10.59249/rlau6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a Pakistani kinship afflicted with a syndrome with features including short stature, reduced sitting height, orofacial symptoms including prominent forehead and thick eyebrows, short and broad thorax, and variable features such as long philtrum, short broad neck, barrel chest, thoracic kyphoscoliosis, hypogonadism, and hypospadias. Phenotypic variation even within different sibships was considerable. The unique combination of the phenotypic characteristics prompted us to determine the shared homozygosity regions in patient genomes and the pathogenic variants by next generation technologies like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES). Through these analyses, we detected homozygous OBSL1 c.848delG (p.Gly283AlafsTer54) as the causal variant. Biallelic variants in OBSL1 are known to cause Three M Syndrome 2 (3M2), a rare disorder of growth retardation with characteristic facial dysmorphism and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Affected members of the family do not have the 3M2 hallmark features of dolichocephaly, hypoplastic midface, anteverted nares, low nasal bridge, pectus excavatum, sacral hyperlordosis, spina bifida occulta, anterior wedging of thoracic vertebrae, prominent heels, and prominent talus. Moreover, they have some variable features not typical for the syndrome such as round face, disproportionate short stature, barrel chest, thoracic kyphoscoliosis, hypogonadism, and hypospadias. Our study facilitated genetic diagnosis in the family, expanded the clinical phenotype for 3M2, and unraveled the considerable clinical variation within the same kinship. We conclude that unbiased molecular analyses such as WES should be more integrated into healthcare, particularly in populations with high parental consanguinity, given the potential of such analyses to facilitate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul
Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and
Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul
Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Naqvi SF, Yıldız-Bölükbaşı E, Afzal M, Nalbant G, Mumtaz S, Tolun A, Malik S. Homozygous Mutations in Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) in Hypothyroidism with Intellectual Disability, Developmental Delay, and Hearing and Ocular Anomalies in Two Families: Severe Manifestation of Untreated TPO-deficiency Poses a Diagnostic Dilemma. Yale J Biol Med 2023; 96:347-365. [PMID: 37780999 PMCID: PMC10524819 DOI: 10.59249/ssrg6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) involves compromised intellectual, learning and cognitive skills, and behavioral capabilities with reduced psychomotor skills. One of the preventable causes of ID is congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which may be due to biallelic mutations in thyroid peroxidase (TPO). In low- and middle-income countries with no newborn screening programs, CH poses a great risk of ID and long-term morbidity. We report two large Pakistani families with a total of 16 patients afflicted with CH. Detailed clinical and behavioral assessments, SNP-based homozygosity mapping, linkage analysis, and exome sequencing were performed. Initially, affected individuals were referred as suffering ID (in 11 of 16 patients) and developmental delay (in 14). Secondary/associated features were verbal apraxia (in 13), goiter (in 12), short stature (in 11), limb hypotonia (in 14), no pubertal onset (five of 10 of age ≥14 years), high myopia (in eight), muscle cramps (in six), and in some, variable microcephaly and enuresis/encopresis, fits, chronic fatigue, and other behavioral symptoms, which are not characteristics of CH. Molecular genetic analyses led to the discovery of homozygous variants in TPO: novel missense variant c.719A>G (p.Asp240Gly) in family 1 and rare c.2315A>G (p.Tyr772Cys) in family 2. In low-resource countries where neonatal screening programs do not include a CH test, the burden of neurodevelopmental disorders is likely to be increased due to untreated CH. Secondly, in the background of the high prevalence of recessive disorders due to high parental consanguinity, the severe manifestation of TPO-deficiency mimics a wide range of neurological and other presentations posing a diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Farwa Naqvi
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Esra Yıldız-Bölükbaşı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi
University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul,
Türkiye
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul
Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shabbir RMK, Nalbant G, Zaman Q, Tolun A, Malik S, Mumtaz S. A Recurrent Mutation in Growth Hormone Receptor ( GHR) Gene Underlying Laron-type Dwarfism in a Pakistani Family. Yale J Biol Med 2023; 96:313-325. [PMID: 37780997 PMCID: PMC10524814 DOI: 10.59249/tcaa2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Laron syndrome (LS) is a rare autosomal recessively segregating disorder of severe short stature. The condition is characterized by short limbs, delayed puberty, hypoglycemia in infancy, and obesity. Mutations in growth hormone receptor (GHR) have been implicated in LS; hence, it is also known as growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (MIM-262500). Here we represent a consanguineous Pakistani family in which three siblings were afflicted with LS. Patients had rather similar phenotypic presentations marked with short stature, delayed bone age, limited extension of elbows, truncal obesity, delayed puberty, childish appearance, and frontal bossing. They also had additional features such as hypo-muscularity, early fatigue, large ears, widely-spaced breasts, and attention deficit behavior, which are rarely reported in LS. The unusual combination of the features hindered a straightforward diagnosis and prompted us to first detect the regions of shared homozygosity and subsequently the disease-causing variant by next generation technologies, like SNP genotyping and exome sequencing. A homozygous pathogenic variant c.508G>C (p.(Asp170His)) in GHR was detected. The variant is known to be implicated in LS, supporting the molecular diagnosis of LS. Also, we present detailed clinical, hematological, and hormonal profiling of the siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM,
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Qamar Zaman
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM,
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty
of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University
of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Misceo D, Lirussi L, Strømme P, Sumathipala D, Guerin A, Wolf NI, Server A, Stensland M, Dalhus B, Tolun A, Kroes HY, Nyman TA, Nilsen HL, Frengen E. A homozygous POLR1A variant causes leukodystrophy and affects protein homeostasis. Brain 2023:7077446. [PMID: 36917474 PMCID: PMC10393412 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase I transcribes ribosomal DNA to produce precursor 47S rRNA. Post-transcriptional processing of this rRNA generates mature 28S, 18S and 5.8S rRNAs, which form the ribosomes, together with 5S rRNA, assembly factors, and ribosomal proteins. We previously reported a homozygous variant in the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase I, POLR1A, in two brothers with leukodystrophy and progressive course. However, the disease mechanism remained unknown. In this report, we describe another missense variant POLR1A NM_015425.3:c.1925C > A; p.(Thr642Asn) in homozygosity in two unrelated patients. Patient 1 was a 16-year-old male and patient 2 was a 2-year-old female. Both patients manifested neurological deficits, with brain MRIs showing hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, and cerebellar atrophy; and in patient 1 additionally with hypointensity of globi pallidi and small volume of the basal ganglia. Patient 1 had progressive disease course, leading to death at the age of 16.5 years. Extensive in vitro experiments in fibroblasts from patient 1 documented that the mutated POLR1A led to aberrant rRNA processing and degradation, and abnormal nucleolar homeostasis. Proteomics data analyses and further in vitro experiments documented abnormal protein homeostasis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We confirm that POLR1A biallelic variants cause neurodegenerative disease, expand the knowledge of the clinical phenotype of the disorder, and provide evidence for possible pathological mechanisms leading to POLR1A-related leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Lirussi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Petter Strømme
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dulika Sumathipala
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's Medical School, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andres Server
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Genetics, UMC 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde L Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.,Department for Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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Bilches Medinas D, Malik S, Yıldız‐Bölükbaşı E, Borgonovo J, Saaranen MJ, Urra H, Pulgar E, Afzal M, Contreras D, Wright MT, Bodaleo F, Quiroz G, Rozas P, Mumtaz S, Díaz R, Rozas C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Piña R, Valenzuela V, Uyan O, Reardon C, Woehlbier U, Brown RH, Sena‐Esteves M, Gonzalez‐Billault C, Morales B, Plate L, Ruddock LW, Concha ML, Hetz C, Tolun A. Mutation in protein disulfide isomerase A3 causes neurodevelopmental defects by disturbing endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e105531. [PMID: 34904718 PMCID: PMC8762563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive gene mutations underlie many developmental disorders and often lead to disabling neurological problems. Here, we report identification of a homozygous c.170G>A (p.Cys57Tyr or C57Y) mutation in the gene coding for protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also known as ERp57), an enzyme that catalyzes formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum, to be associated with syndromic intellectual disability. Experiments in zebrafish embryos show that PDIA3C57Y expression is pathogenic and causes developmental defects such as axonal disorganization as well as skeletal abnormalities. Expression of PDIA3C57Y in the mouse hippocampus results in impaired synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Proteomic and functional analyses reveal that PDIA3C57Y expression leads to dysregulation of cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, associated with altered integrin biogenesis and reduced neuritogenesis. Biochemical studies show that PDIA3C57Y has decreased catalytic activity and forms disulfide-crosslinked aggregates that abnormally interact with chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, rare disease gene variant can provide insight into how perturbations of neuronal proteostasis can affect the function of the nervous system.
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Koprulu M, Naeem M, Nalbant G, Shabbir RMK, Mahmood T, Huma Z, Malik S, Tolun A. KERATIN 17-related recessive atypical pachyonychia congenita with variable hair and tooth anomalies. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1292-1296. [PMID: 35676340 PMCID: PMC9626541 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first pachyonychia congenita (PC) to involve all ectodermal derivatives and the first recessive KRT17-related PC in total seven members of two consanguineous Pakistani families. This atypical PC is characterized by an unusual combination of pachyonychia, plantar keratoderma, folliculitis, alopecia, sparse eyebrows, dental anomalies and variable acanthosis nigricans of neck, dry skin, palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, recurrent blisters on soles and/or arms, rough sparse hair on scalp and keratosis pilaris. By exome sequencing we detected homozygous KRT17 c.281G>A (p.(Arg94His)) in affected individuals, and linkage mapping indicated a single locus. Heterozygous variants in KRT17 cause PC2 (PC-K17) with main characteristics of pachyonychia, subungual keratosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, hyperhidrosis, oral leukokeratosis and epidermal cysts, or steatocystoma multiplex, both with dominant inheritance. The causative variant has been reported in heterozygous state in a family afflicted with severe steatocystoma multiplex and in a sporadic PC2 case, and thus we also define a third phenotype related to the variant. Both exome sequencing and linkage mapping demonstrated recessive inheritance whereas Sanger sequencing indicated heterozygosity for the causal variant, reiterating caution for simple targeted sequencing for genetic testing. Testing parents for variants found in sibs could uncover recessive inheritance also in other KRT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana M Kamran Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Dermatology, Al-Nafees Medical College, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zele Huma
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Naqvi SF, Shabbir RMK, Tolun A, Basit S, Malik S. A Two-Base Pair Deletion in IQ Repeats in ASPM Underlies Microcephaly in a Pakistani Family. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:37-42. [PMID: 35089071 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a clinically rare and genetically highly heterogeneous developmental disorder. Biallelic variants in the abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) gene account for 40% to 68% of all MCPH cases. This study was designed to elucidate the genetic basis of MCPH in an extended family. To highlight recurrent mutations useful in implementing genetic testing programs, we further aimed to carry out a descriptive review of the reported ASPM mutations. Materials and Methods: A large inbred kindred with seven affected members was investigated, and detailed clinical and behavioral assessments were carried out. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing were performed. Results: Affected individuals had characteristic features, including small head, receding forehead, mild to moderate intellectual disability, developmental delay, short stature, apraxia, and behavioral anomalies. We mapped the disease gene locus and detected a rare frameshift deletion c.6854_6855del (p.(Leu2285GlnfsTer32)) in exon 18 of ASPM. A total of 215 mutations in ASPM have been reported in at least 453 families, nearly 50% of which are of Pakistani origin. These mutations can be classified as recurrent, founder or private in Pakistani and other populations. Conclusion: SNP-based homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing are essential in delineating the genetically distinct microcephaly types. The highlighted recurrent mutations in ASPM could be useful in implementing genetic testing programs for MCPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Farwa Naqvi
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sulman Basit
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Malik S, Nalbant G, Noreen M, Afzal M, Tolun A. A homozygous ROR2 variant in a family with atypical Robinow syndrome and tetramelic transverse deficiency of autopods. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:343-349. [PMID: 34569147 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present five members of a consanguineous Pakistani kinship with the most severe familial tetramelic transverse autopod deficiency reported to date and additionally having some of the common autosomal recessive Robinow syndrome-1 (RRS1) features including short stature, short neck, severe vertebral anomalies of kyphoscoliosis, hemivertebrae, fusion of thoracic vertebrae, broad forehead, and dental crowding. We mapped the locus of this atypical RRS and detected homozygous 8-nucleotide deletion c.1353_1360del (p.(Met452Alafs*4)) in ROR2, the gene responsible for RRS1. We did not find any other variant shared by all affected individuals that could possibly act as a modifier of limb defect. Autopods are affected in RRS1, but severe autopod deficiency is not a characteristic feature. Over 30 biallelic variants dispersed throughout the gene are known in ROR2-related RS, with no genotype-phenotype correlation for specific RRS1 features. Considering together with the sporadic case homozygous for variant p.(Arg442*) and the case homozygous for p.(Arg441Thrfs*16) in a family where heterozygous members have brachydactyly type B1, we propose that homozygous truncating variants that originate at residues 441-452 can cause severe autopod reduction anomalies, suggesting some genotype-phenotype correlation for this particular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University
| | - Moqadsa Noreen
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Koprulu M, Kumare A, Bibi A, Malik S, Tolun A. The first adolescent case of Fraser syndrome 3, with a novel nonsense variant in GRIP1. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1858-1863. [PMID: 33709629 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fraser syndrome is characterized by cryptophthalmos, syndactyly and other autopod defects, and abnormalities of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Biallelic variants in GRIP1 can cause Fraser syndrome 3 (FRASRS3), and five unrelated FRASRS3 cases have been reported to date. Four cases are fetuses with homozygous truncating variants. The remaining case is an almost 9-year-old Turkish girl compound heterozygous for a truncation variant and a possibly frame-shift intragenic deletion. We present a 15.5-year old Pakistani boy with homozygous truncating variant c.1774C>T (p.Gln592Ter). Of the hallmarks of the disease, the boy has cryptophthalmia, midface retrusion, very low anterior hairline, hair growth on temples extending to the supraorbital line and also on alae nasi, agenesis of right kidney, and cutaneous syndactyly of fingers and toes but no symptoms in any other organs, including lungs, anorectal system, genitalia, and umbilical system. This case is the oldest known individual with FRASRS3, and our findings show that a homozygous GRIP1 truncating variant can manifest with a non-lethal phenotype than in the reported cases with such variants, expanding the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of GRIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aneeta Kumare
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Bibi
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Koprulu M, Shabbir RMK, Zaman Q, Nalbant G, Malik S, Tolun A. CRADD and USP44 mutations in intellectual disability, mild lissencephaly, brain atrophy, developmental delay, strabismus, behavioural problems and skeletal anomalies. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104181. [PMID: 33647455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a consanguineous Pakistani kinship afflicted with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID), mild lissencephaly, brain atrophy and skeletal anomalies, we detected homozygous CRADD c.2T > G (p.Met1?) and USP44 c.873_886delinsT (p.Leu291Phefs*8), two good candidates 1.85-Mb apart that segregated with the disorder. Biallelic damaging variants in CRADD cause recessive mental retardation-34 (MRT34; MIM 614499) with mild to moderate ID, "thin" lissencephaly, and variable megalencephaly and seizures. For USP44, only a single ID family has been reported with a homozygous deleterious variant, which is the same as the variant we detected. In affected individuals we present, at ages 29-32 years, clinical findings are similar yet not fully concordant with phenotypes for either gene considering the skeletal findings, and ID is not as severe as would be expected for defects in two genes with additive effect. Some variable CRADD-related features such as language impairment and seizures are not observed in the presented family. The presence of the two variants in the family is a very rare example of familial linked homozygous variants, and whether the damaging USP44 variant contributed to the disease in the family we present is not clear. As for the skeletal findings, facial dysmorphism and digestive problems, we did not find a candidate variant. This study is an example of both clinical variation and difficulty in variant detection and evaluation. Our findings highlight that even an extensive exome sequence analysis can fail to fully uncover the complex molecular basis of a syndrome even if potentially causative variants are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Zaman
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Health Sciences, Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Shabbir RMK, Malik S, Tolun A. Homozygous deletion of MYADML2 in cranial asymmetry, reduced bone maturation, multiple dislocations, lumbar lordosis, and prominent clavicles. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:171-179. [PMID: 32778762 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A null mutation in a patient can facilitate phenotype assignment and uncovers the function of that specific gene. We present five sibs of a consanguineous Pakistani family afflicted with a new syndrome with an unusual combination of skeletal anomalies including cranial asymmetry, fused sagittal sutures deviating from the medial axis, mandibular prognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, misaligned and crowded teeth, delayed bone age, multiple dislocations, hypoplastic and malpositioned patellae, humeral intracondylar fissures, scapular dyskinesis, long limbs, lumbar lordosis, protruding chest, prominent clavicles, short 5th digital rays, and ventral transverse digital creases plus features of cutis laxa. We mapped the disease gene locus to a 3.62-Mb region at 17q25.3 and identified a homozygous deletion of maximal 7.3 kb deduced to totally inactivate MYADML2 and downstream gene PYCR1, biallelic variants in which cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL). All five affected sibs had the most common features of ARCL but not many of the less common ones. We attributed the anomalies not typical for ARCL to MYADML2 deficit, because no other genetic defect possibly a candidate to underlie the skeletal phenotype was found. MYADML2 is a gene of unknown function, has not been studied, and has not been associated with disease. Our findings present a possible phenotype for MYADML2 deficit that includes impaired bone patterning and maturation, definitely show that the gene is not essential for survival, and provide a start point for future studies on the function of MYADML2 protein. Detection of new patients is needed to confirm and delineate MYADML2-deficiency phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mumtaz S, Nalbant G, Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Huma Z, Ahmad N, Tolun A, Malik S. Novel EDAR mutation in tooth agenesis and variable associated features. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103926. [PMID: 32325225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis (TA) is the developmental absence of one or more permanent teeth. We report on 10 members of a Pakistani family afflicted with TA with variable associated features inherited in autosomal dominant fashion with full penetrance. The malformation is bilateral in the majority of cases, and hallmark feature is the absence of lateral and central incisors and canines whereas first and second premolars are involved less often. Affected individuals also have pronounced variable features associated with TA such as diastema between central incisors, overgrown labial frenum, peg-shaped lower incisors, delayed exfoliation, over-erupted upper incisors and malocclusion but have no other signs of ectodermal dysplasia. Through linkage analysis coupled with exome sequencing, we identified novel nonsense variant EDAR c.1302G>A, p.(Trp434*). The variant is deduced to create a premature termination codon that leads to the deletion of the 15 C-terminal residues. Heterozygous EDAR variants most commonly cause hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia, but recently one nonsense and 10 missense variants have been reported in nonsyndromic TA, some with few mild features of hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The phenotype in the family we present, the largest with EDAR-related TA reported to date, is highly variable and without any signs of ectodermal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mumtaz
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, 34758, Turkey
| | - Esra Yıldız Bölükbaşı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Zele Huma
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, 44090, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34467, Turkey.
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Mavioğlu RN, Kara B, Akansel G, Nalbant G, Tolun A. FAM160B1 deficit associated with microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities and speech problems. Clin Genet 2019; 96:456-460. [PMID: 31353455 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) varies in severity and is often associated with a variety of other clinical features. In consanguineous populations ID is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. Many genes are known for the condition, but many more are yet to be identified. By linkage analysis and exome sequencing we identified homozygous early truncating variant c.115G > T (p.Glu39*) in FAM160B1 in a 38-year-old woman with severe ID, microcephaly, behavioral abnormalities, speech problems, mild ataxia and mild facial dysmorphism. Recently homozygous missense c.248 T > C (p.Leu83Pro) was reported to underlie the ID syndrome in a 7-year-old boy and his two younger siblings. Some findings for those siblings overlap with those for our patient, but our patient does not have cutis laxa. Our findings confirm FAM160B1, with unknown function, as a syndromic ID gene and indicate that FAM160B1 is not essential for survival but is vital for proper functioning of the nervous system, delineate the FAM160B1-related ID, and describe the disease in a much older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Nehir Mavioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gür Akansel
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karacan İ, Diz Küçükkaya R, Karakuş FN, Solakoğlu S, Tolun A, Hançer VS, Turanlı ET. A novel ATP6V0A2 mutation causing recessive cutis laxa with unusual manifestations of bleeding diathesis and defective wound healing. Turk J Haematol 2018. [DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Karacan İ, Diz Küçükkaya R, Karakuş FN, Solakoğlu S, Tolun A, Hançer VS, Turanlı ET. A Novel ATP6V0A2 Mutation Causing Recessive Cutis Laxa with Unusual Manifestations of Bleeding Diathesis and Defective Wound Healing. Turk J Haematol 2018; 36:29-36. [PMID: 30474613 PMCID: PMC6373508 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2018.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIA (ARCL2A) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by loose and elastic skin, growth and developmental delay, and skeletal anomalies. It is caused by biallelic mutations in ATP6V0A2. Those mutations lead to increased pH in secretory vesicles and thereby to impaired glycosyltransferase activity and organelle trafficking. We aimed to identify the genetic and molecular cause of the unexpected hematological findings in a Turkish family. Materials and Methods: We performed clinical, genetic, and histological analyses of a consanguineous family afflicted with wrinkled and loose skin, microcephaly, intellectual disability, cleft lip and palate, downslanting palpebral fissures, ectopia lentis, bleeding diathesis, and defective wound healing. Results: Linkage analysis using SNP genotype data yielded a maximal multipoint logarithm of odds score of 2.59 at 12q24.21-24.32. Exome sequence analysis for the proband led to the identification of novel homozygous frameshift c.2085_2088del (p.(Ser695Argfs*12)) in ATP6V0A2, within the linked region, in the two affected siblings. Conclusion: Our patients do not have gross structural brain defects besides microcephaly, strabismus, myopia, and growth or developmental delay. Large platelets were observed in the patients and unusual electron-dense intracytoplasmic inclusions in fibroblasts and epidermal basal cells were observed in both affected and unaffected family members. The patients do not have any genetic defect in the VWF gene but von Willebrand factor activity to antigen ratios were low. Clinical findings of bleeding diathesis and defective wound healing have not been reported in ARCL2A and hence our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Karacan
- İstanbul Technical University, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, İstanbul, Turkey,İstanbul Medeniyet University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Diz Küçükkaya
- İstanbul Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Karakuş
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhun Solakoğlu
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Boğaziçi University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Sabri Hançer
- İstanbul Bilim University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanlı
- İstanbul Technical University, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, İstanbul, Turkey,İstanbul Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul, Turkey
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Turkgenc B, Sanlidag B, Eker A, Giray A, Kutuk O, Yakicier C, Tolun A, Temel SG. STUB1 polyadenylation signal variant AACAAA does not affect polyadenylation but decreases STUB1 translation causing SCAR16. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1344-1348. [PMID: 30058754 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present three siblings afflicted with a disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, pyramidal tract damage with increased lower limb tendon reflexes, and onset of 31 to 57 years, which is not typical for a known disease. In a region of shared homozygosity in patients, exome sequencing revealed novel homozygous c.*240T > C variant in the 3'UTR of STUB1, the gene responsible for autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16 (SCAR16). In other genes, such an alteration of the evolutionarily highly conserved polyadenylation signal from AATAAA to AACAAA is known to highly impair polyadenylation. In contrast, RNA sequencing and quantification revealed that neither polyadenylation nor stability of STUB1 mRNA is affected. In silico analysis predicted that the secondary structure of the mRNA is altered. We propose that this change underlies the extremely low amounts of the encoded protein in patient leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burcin Sanlidag
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Amber Eker
- Department of Neurology, Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aslı Giray
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yakicier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehime G Temel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Yıldırım Y, Ouriachi T, Woehlbier U, Ouahioune W, Balkan M, Malik S, Tolun A. Linked homozygous BMPR1B and PDHA2 variants in a consanguineous family with complex digit malformation and male infertility. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:876-885. [PMID: 29581481 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In affected members of a consanguineous family, a syndrome, which is concurrence of set of medical signs, is often observed and commonly assumed to have arisen from pleiotropy, i.e., the phenomenon of a single gene variant affecting multiple traits. We detected six sibs afflicted with a unique combination of digit malformation that includes brachydactyly, symphalangism and zygodactyly plus infertility in males owing to azoospermia, sperm immotility or necrospermia, which we hypothesised to have arisen from a defect in a single gene. We mapped the disease locus and by exome sequencing identified in patients homozygous missense variants bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B) c.640C>T (p.(Arg214Cys)) and alpha-2 pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHA2) c.679A>G (p.(Met227Val)). Structural protein modelling, protein sequence conservation and in silico analysis indicate that both variants affect protein function. BMPR1B is known to be responsible for autosomal dominant brachydactyly and autosomal recessive acromesomelic chondrodysplasia. Our findings show that also recessive complex digit malformation can be caused by BMPR1B variant and not all biallelic BMPR1B variants cause acromesomelic dysplasia. PDHA2 is a novel candidate gene for male infertility; the protein product is a mitochondrial enzyme with highest expression in ejaculated sperm. Our findings are a unique example of two linked variants, ~ 711 Kb apart, in different genes that together manifest as a novel syndrome. They demonstrate that exome sequencing and not candidate gene approach should be employed in disease gene hunt, defining new diseases and genetic testing, to rule out the coincidental presence of two variants contributing together to the phenotype, which may be discerned as a novel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Toufik Ouriachi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Blida, Faculty of Medicine of Blida-1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wahiba Ouahioune
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Blida, Faculty of Medicine of Blida-1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mahmut Balkan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Shabbir RMK, Nalbant G, Ahmad N, Malik S, Tolun A. Homozygous CHST11 mutation in chondrodysplasia, brachydactyly, overriding digits, clino-symphalangism and synpolydactyly. J Med Genet 2018. [PMID: 29514872 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) is a membrane protein of Golgi that catalyses the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residues of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate is the predominant proteoglycan in cartilage, and its sulfation is important in the developing growth plate of cartilage. A homozygous deletion encompassing part of the gene and the embedded miRNA MIR3922 had been detected in a woman with hand/foot malformation and malignant lymphoproliferative disease. Chst11-deficient mouse has severe chondrodysplasia, congenital arthritis and neonatal lethality. We searched for the causative variant for the unusual combination of limb malformations with variable expressivity accompanied by skeletal defects in a consanguineous Pakistani kindred. METHODS We performed detailed clinical investigations in family members. Homozygosity mapping using SNP genotype data was performed to map the disease locus and exome sequencing to identify the underlying molecular defect. RESULTS The limb malformations include brachydactyly, overriding digits and clino-symphalangism in hands and feet and syndactyly and hexadactyly in feet. Skeletal defects include scoliosis, dislocated patellae and fibulae and pectus excavatum. The disease locus is mapped to a 1.6 Mb region at 12q23, harbouring a homozygous in-frame deletion of 15 nucleotides in CHST11. Novel variant c.467_481del (p.L156_N160del) is deduced to lead to the deletion of five evolutionarily highly conserved amino acids and predicted as damaging to protein by in silico analysis. Our findings confirm the crucial role of CHST11 in skeletal morphogenesis and show that CHST11 defects have variable manifestations that include a variety of limb malformations and skeletal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kantaputra P, Hutsadaloi A, Kaewgahya M, Intachai W, German R, Koparal M, Leethanakul C, Tolun A, Ketudat Cairns J. WNT10B
mutations associated with isolated dental anomalies. Clin Genet 2018; 93:992-999. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.N. Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Dentaland Clinic; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - M. Kaewgahya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - W. Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - R. German
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - M. Koparal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Adiyaman University; Adiyaman Turkey
| | - C. Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Thailand
| | - A. Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Boğaziçi University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - J.R. Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure Function and Application; Suranaree University of Technology; Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Chulabhorn Research Institute; Bangkok Thailand
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Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Mumtaz S, Afzal M, Woehlbier U, Malik S, Tolun A. Homozygous mutation in CEP19, a gene mutated in morbid obesity, in Bardet-Biedl syndrome with predominant postaxial polydactyly. J Med Genet 2017; 55:189-197. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundBardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy with extensive phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. We aimed to discover the gene mutated in a consanguineous kindred with multiple cases of a BBS phenotype.MethodsSNP genotype data were used for linkage analysis and exome sequencing to identify mutations. Modelling and in silico analysis were performed to predict mutation severity.ResultsPatients had postaxial polydactyly plus variable other clinical features including rod-cone dystrophy, obesity, intellectual disability, renal malformation, developmental delay, dental anomalies, speech disorder and enlarged fatty liver. The 4.57 Mb disease locus harboured homozygous, truncating CEP19 c.194_195insA (p.Tyr65*) mutation. We also found glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(GLI1) c.820G>C (p.Gly274Arg) in the homozygous state in most patients. In silico modelling strongly suggests that it is damaging. Also, different combinations of four possible modifier alleles in BBS-related genes were detected. Two are known modifier alleles for BBS, splicing variant CCDC28B c.330C>T and missense MKKS/BBS6 p.Ile339Val, and the others are C8ORF37/BBS21 p.Ala178Val and TMEM67/BBS14 modifier p.Asp799Asp. Some patients carry all those five known/possible modifier alleles. Such variants are highly significantly more abundant in our patients than in a control group.ConclusionCEP19 encodes a centrosomal and ciliary protein, as all BBS genes do. Another truncating mutation p.Arg82* has been reported as responsible for morbid obesity in a family; however, in the family we present, not all homozygotes are obese, although some are severely obese. The variant in GLI1, encoding a transcription factor that localises to the primary cilium and nucleus and is a mediator of the sonic hedgehog pathway, possibly exacerbates disease severity when in the homozygous state.
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Karacan İ, Uğurlu S, Tolun A, Tahir Turanlı E, Ozdogan H. Other autoinflammatory disease genes in an FMF-prevalent population: a homozygous MVK mutation and a novel heterozygous TNFRSF1A mutation in two different Turkish families with clinical FMF. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35 Suppl 108:75-81. [PMID: 29148404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No MEFV mutations are detected in approximately 10% of the patients with clinical FMF in populations where the disease is highly prevalent. Causative mutations were searched in other genes in two such families with "MEFV negative clinical FMF". METHODS Father and daughter of family A had attacks of fever, abdominal pain and AA amyloidosis. The two sibs of family B complained of febrile episodes with abdominal pain and arthritis. The patients were clinically investigated. Exome analysis in the daughter in family A and linkage analysis and candidate gene sequencing for the members of family B were performed. All patients were re-evaluated in the light of the genetic findings. RESULTS In the daughter in family A, filtering of the exome file for variants in 25 autoimmune/inflammatory disease-related genes revealed two heterozygous missense variants in TNFRSF1A, novel p.Cys72Phe and frequent p.Arg121Gln. In family B, novel, homozygous missense p.Cys161Arg in MVK was identified. A clinical re-evaluation of the patients revealed a phenotype consistent with FMF rather than TRAPS in family A and an overlap of FMF with HIDS in family B. CONCLUSIONS In high risk populations of FMF a proportion of patients without MEFV mutations may carry causative mutations in other genes, and the clinical findings may not be fully consistent with the phenotype expected of the mutation identified but rather resemble FMF or an overlap syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Karacan
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Dr Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology- Biotechnology and Genetics Research Centre, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - Serdal Uğurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Tahir Turanlı
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Dept., Dr Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology & Genetics Res. Ctre, Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology; and Dept. of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Istanbul Technical Univ, Turkey
| | - Huri Ozdogan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
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Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Afzal M, Mumtaz S, Ahmad N, Malik S, Tolun A. Progressive SCAR14 with unclear speech, developmental delay, tremor, and behavioral problems caused by a homozygous deletion of the SPTBN2 pleckstrin homology domain. Am J Med Genet A 2017. [PMID: 28636205 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on nine members of a consanguineous Pakistani family with primary presentation of intellectual disability, developmental delay, limb and gait ataxia, behavioral and speech problems, and tremor. By linkage mapping and exome sequencing we identified novel homozygous splicing variant c.6375-1G>C in SPTBN2. To date, only two other SPTBN2 mutations with recessive pattern of inheritance causing SCAR14 (spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 14) that manifest with developmental ataxia and cognitive impairment, or cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and pyramidal signs have been reported. The mutation we identified is predicted to lead to the deletion of just the pleckstrin homology domain; thus, the earlier onset and more progressive nature of the disease in the presented family, as compared to earlier reports, were unexpected. No other mutation that could possibly explain the features that were unusual for SCAR14-arched palate, limb hypotonia, climacophobia, and behavioral problems-was identified. The disease was more severe in males than females. Our findings expand the recessive SPTBN2 mutation phenotype. We also review SPTBN2 mutation phenotypes. The gene encodes beta-III spectrin, which forms tetramers with alpha-II spectrin. The manifestations of this third recessive mutation suggest that for recessive mutations either no mutant protein is synthesized because the transcript is subject to nonsense-mediated decay or the mutant protein does not bind membrane proteins and, thus, does not exert a negative effect in heterozygotes, whereas the dominant mutations causing SCA5 form defective tetramers that compete with the native tetramers in binding membrane proteins, but are unable to anchor them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Durmuş H, Ayhan Ö, Çırak S, Deymeer F, Parman Y, Franke A, Eiber N, Chevessier F, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Clemen CS, Hashemolhosseini S, Schröder R, Hemmrich-Stanisak G, Tolun A, Serdaroğlu-Oflazer P. Neuromuscular endplate pathology in recessive desminopathies: Lessons from man and mice. Neurology 2016; 87:799-805. [PMID: 27440146 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical, genetic, and myopathologic findings in 2 cousins with lack of desmin, the response to salbutamol in one patient, and the neuromuscular endplate pathology in a knock-in mouse model for recessive desminopathy. METHODS We performed clinical investigations in the patients, genetic studies for linkage mapping, exome sequencing, and qPCR for transcript quantification, assessment of efficacy of (3-month oral) salbutamol administration by muscle strength assessment, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and forced vital capacity, analysis of neuromuscular endplate pathology in a homozygous R349P desmin knock-in mouse by immunofluorescence staining of the hind limb muscles, and quantitative 3D morphometry and expression studies of acetylcholine receptor genes by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Both patients had infantile-onset weakness and fatigability, facial weakness with bilateral ptosis and ophthalmoparesis, generalized muscle weakness, and a decremental response over 10% on repetitive nerve stimulation. Salbutamol improved 6MWT and subjective motor function in the treated patient. Genetic analysis revealed previously unreported novel homozygous truncating desmin mutation c.345dupC leading to protein truncation and consequent fast degradation of the mutant mRNA. In the recessive desminopathy mouse with low expression of the mutant desmin protein, we demonstrated fragmented motor endplates with increased surface areas, volumes, and fluorescence intensities in conjunction with increased α and γ acetylcholine receptor subunit expression in oxidative soleus muscle. CONCLUSIONS The patients were desmin-null and had myopathy, cardiomyopathy, and a congenital myasthenic syndrome. The data from man and mouse demonstrate that the complete lack as well as the markedly decreased expression of mutant R349P desmin impair the structural and functional integrity of neuromuscular endplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Durmuş
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany.
| | - Özgecan Ayhan
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebahattin Çırak
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Feza Deymeer
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Yeşim Parman
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Nane Eiber
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederic Chevessier
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Hemmrich-Stanisak
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Piraye Serdaroğlu-Oflazer
- From the Department of Neurology (H.D., F.D., Y.P., P.S.-O.), Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Ö.A., A.T.), Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Children's National Medical Center (S.Ç.), Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (A.F., G.H.-S.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Institute of Biochemistry (N.E., S.H.), Institute of Neuropathology (F.C., R.S.), and Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (C.S.C.), University of Cologne, Germany
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Burmeister M, Lee JH, Schulman BA, Yapici Z, Tolun A, Juhasz G, Li JZ, Klionsky DJ. A role of autophagy in spinocerebellar ataxia-Rare exception or general principle? Autophagy 2016; 12:1208-9. [PMID: 27105143 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1170266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margit Burmeister
- a Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and of Human Genetics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- c Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- d Department of Structural Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- e Department of Neurology , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- f Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Boğaziçi University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gabor Juhasz
- g Department of Anatomy , Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, and Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Jun Z Li
- b Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and of Human Genetics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- h Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Kim M, Sandford E, Gatica D, Qiu Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Schulman BA, Xu J, Semple I, Ro SH, Kim B, Mavioglu RN, Tolun A, Jipa A, Takats S, Karpati M, Li JZ, Yapici Z, Juhasz G, Lee JH, Klionsky DJ, Burmeister M. Mutation in ATG5 reduces autophagy and leads to ataxia with developmental delay. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26812546 PMCID: PMC4786408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is required for the homeostasis of cellular material and is proposed to be involved in many aspects of health. Defects in the autophagy pathway have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders; however, no genetically-inherited pathogenic mutations in any of the core autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been reported in human patients to date. We identified a homozygous missense mutation, changing a conserved amino acid, in ATG5 in two siblings with congenital ataxia, mental retardation, and developmental delay. The subjects' cells display a decrease in autophagy flux and defects in conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. The homologous mutation in yeast demonstrates a 30-50% reduction of induced autophagy. Flies in which Atg5 is substituted with the mutant human ATG5 exhibit severe movement disorder, in contrast to flies expressing the wild-type human protein. Our results demonstrate the critical role of autophagy in preventing neurological diseases and maintaining neuronal health. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12245.001 Ataxia is a rare disease that affects balance and co-ordination, leading to difficulties in walking and other movements. The disease mostly affects adults, but some children are born with it and they often have additional cognitive and developmental problems. Mutations in at least 60 genes are known to be able to cause ataxia, but it is thought that there are still more to be found. Kim, Sandford et al. studied two siblings with the childhood form of ataxia and found that they both had a mutation in a gene called ATG5. The protein produced by the mutant ATG5 gene was less able to interact with another protein called ATG12. Furthermore, the cells of both children had defects in a process called autophagy – which destroys old and faulty proteins to prevent them accumulating and causing damage to the cell. Next, Kim, Sandford et al. examined the effect of this mutation in baker’s yeast cells. Cells with a mutation in the yeast equivalent of human ATG5 had lower levels of autophagy than normal cells. Further experiments used fruit flies that lacked fly Atg5, which were unable to fly or walk properly. Inserting the normal form of human ATG5 into the flies restored normal movement, but the mutant form of the gene had less of an effect. These findings suggest that a mutation in ATG5 can be responsible for the symptoms of childhood ataxia. Kim, Sandford et al. think that other people with severe ataxia may have mutations in genes involved in autophagy. Therefore, the next step is to study autophagy in cells from many other ataxia patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12245.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Erin Sandford
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Damian Gatica
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Yumei Zheng
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Jishu Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Ian Semple
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Seung-Hyun Ro
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - R Nehir Mavioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andras Jipa
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takats
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuela Karpati
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gabor Juhasz
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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Mumtaz S, Yıldız E, Jabeen S, Khan A, Tolun A, Malik S. RBBP8 syndrome with microcephaly, intellectual disability, short stature and brachydactyly. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3148-52. [PMID: 26333564 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary microcephaly is clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous. Four phenotypically distinct types of autosomal recessive microcephaly syndromes are due to different RBBP8 mutations. We report on a consanguineous Pakistani family with homozygous RBBP8 mutation c.1808_1809delTA (p.Ile603Lysfs*7) manifesting microcephaly and a distinct combination of skeletal, limb and ectodermal defects, mild intellectual disability, minor facial anomalies, anonychia, disproportionate short stature and brachydactyly, and additionally talipes in one patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Esra Yıldız
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Jabeen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajid Malik
- Department of Animal Sciences, Human Genetics Program, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Seven M, Güven A, Bozoğlu TM, Tolun A. DETECTING PORCN MICRODELETIONS IN A LARGE FAMILY WITH FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA. Genet Couns 2015; 26:195-204. [PMID: 26349189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), an X-linked dominant disease with a highly variable phenotype, presents mainly with congenital linear pigmentation of the skin, herniation of fat through the dermal defects and multiple papillomas. PORCNmicrodeletions are identified in a total of 12 FDH patients to date. Routine molecular methods for detecting microdeletions have proven not to be effective, as patients also carry a normal allele. Additionally, methods using copy number estimations are labor-intensive, time-consuming and require expensive equipment. With respect to the molecular diagnosis of FDH, we aimed to investigate the inheritance of maternal disease allele in a three-generation FDH pedigree with seven affected members by using a simple yet efficient method. The strategy used in this study appeared to have the benefit of detecting all PORCN micro-deletions identified for FDH so far. The family with the largest number of related patients reported to date presented an opportunity to evaluate clinical variability, which was high, with the least affected and the most severely affected patients being half-sisters. The extensive intra-familial phenotypic variability observed in this FDH family suggests that genetic counselling should be part of management of this syndrome even in a family with a very mild case. The unique finding of IgA deficiency in the most severe case indicated that the feature could be a new characteristic of FDH.
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Hallast P, Batini C, Zadik D, Maisano Delser P, Wetton JH, Arroyo-Pardo E, Cavalleri GL, de Knijff P, Destro Bisol G, Dupuy BM, Eriksen HA, Jorde LB, King TE, Larmuseau MH, López de Munain A, López-Parra AM, Loutradis A, Milasin J, Novelletto A, Pamjav H, Sajantila A, Schempp W, Sears M, Tolun A, Tyler-Smith C, Van Geystelen A, Watkins S, Winney B, Jobling MA. The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:661-73. [PMID: 25468874 PMCID: PMC4327154 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies of human populations have used the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) as a marker, but MSY sequence variants have traditionally been subject to ascertainment bias. Also, dating of haplogroups has relied on Y-specific short tandem repeats (STRs), involving problems of mutation rate choice, and possible long-term mutation saturation. Next-generation sequencing can ascertain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an unbiased way, leading to phylogenies in which branch-lengths are proportional to time, and allowing the times-to-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCAs) of nodes to be estimated directly. Here we describe the sequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY in each of 448 human males at a mean coverage of 51×, yielding 13,261 high-confidence SNPs, 65.9% of which are previously unreported. The resulting phylogeny covers the majority of the known clades, provides date estimates of nodes, and constitutes a robust evolutionary framework for analyzing the history of other classes of mutation. Different clades within the tree show subtle but significant differences in branch lengths to the root. We also apply a set of 23 Y-STRs to the same samples, allowing SNP- and STR-based diversity and TMRCA estimates to be systematically compared. Ongoing purifying selection is suggested by our analysis of the phylogenetic distribution of nonsynonymous variants in 15 MSY single-copy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pille Hallast
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Zadik
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon H Wetton
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Arroyo-Pardo
- Laboratory of Forensic and Population Genetics, Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Destro Bisol
- Istituto Italiano di Antropologia, Rome, Italy Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Berit Myhre Dupuy
- Division of Forensic Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi A Eriksen
- Centre of Arctic Medicine, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Utsjoki Health Care Centre, Utsjoki, Finland
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Turi E King
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten H Larmuseau
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Imaging & Pathology, Biomedical Forensic Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana M López-Parra
- Laboratory of Forensic and Population Genetics, Department of Toxicology and Health Legislation, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jelena Milasin
- School of Dental Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Horolma Pamjav
- Network of Forensic Science Institutes, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antti Sajantila
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Werner Schempp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matt Sears
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Anneleen Van Geystelen
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott Watkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bruce Winney
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Jobling
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Erken E, Köroğlu Ç, Yıldız F, Özer HTE, Gülek B, Tolun A. A novel recessive 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mutation in a family with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:315-21. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.874757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kara B, Ayhan Ö, Gökçay G, Başboğaoğlu N, Tolun A. Adult phenotype and further phenotypic variability in SRD5A3-CDG. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:10. [PMID: 24433453 PMCID: PMC3898029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background SRD5A3 is responsible for SRD5A3-CDG, a type of congenital disorder of glycosylation, and mutations have been reported in 15 children. All the mutations are recessive and truncating. Case presentation We present 2 brothers at the age of 38 and 40 years with an initial diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia. We found the candidate disease loci via linkage analysis using data from single nucleotide polymorphism genome scans and homozygous truncating mutation SRD5A3 p.W19X, which was previously reported in 3 unrelated children, by exome sequencing. Clinical investigations included physical and ocular examinations and blood tests. Severe ocular involvement with retinal bone spicule pigmentation and optic atrophy are the most prominent disabling clinical features of the disease. The serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (TIEF) pattern is abnormal in the patient investigated. Conclusion Our patients are older, with later onset and milder clinical phenotypes than all patients with SRD5A3-CDG reported so far. They also have atypical ocular findings and variable phenotypes. Our findings widen the spectrum of phenotypes resulting from SRD5A3 mutations and the clinical variability of SRD5A3-CDG, and suggest screening for SRD5A3 mutations in new patients with at least a few of the clinical symptoms of SRD5A3-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Azoospermia is the absence of a measurable level of spermatozoa in the semen. It affects approximately 1% of all men, and the genetic basis of the majority of idiopathic cases is unknown. We investigated two unrelated consanguineous families with idiopathic azoospermia. In family 1, there were three azoospermic brothers and one oligozoospermic brother; and in family 2, there were three azoospermic brothers. Testis biopsy in the brothers in family 2 had led to the diagnosis of maturation arrest in the spermatid stage. METHODS Candidate disease loci were found via linkage mapping using data from single nucleotide polymorphism genome scans. Exome sequencing was applied to find the variants at the loci. RESULTS We identified two candidate loci in each family and homozygous truncating mutations p.R611X in TAF4B in family 1 and p.K507Sfs*3 in ZMYND15 in family 2. We did not detect any mutations in these genes in a cohort of 45 azoospermic and 15 oligozoospermic men. Expression studies for ZMYND15 showed that the highest expression was in the testis. CONCLUSIONS Both genes are known to have roles in spermatogenesis in mice but neither has been studied in humans. To our knowledge, they are the first genes identified for recessive idiopathic spermatogenic failure in men. Assuming that recessive genes for isolated azoospermia are as numerous in men as in mice, each gene is possibly responsible for only a small fraction of all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Ayhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erken E, Köroğlu Ç, Yıldız F, Özer HT, Gülek B, Tolun A. P03-020 - A novel 15-HPGD mutation in pachydermoperiostosis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952641 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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33
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Erken E, Köroğlu Ç, Yıldız F, Özer HTE, Gülek B, Tolun A. A novel recessive 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase mutation in a family with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Mod Rheumatol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10165-013-0882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Köroğlu Ç, Baysal L, Cetinkaya M, Karasoy H, Tolun A. DNAJC6 is responsible for juvenile parkinsonism with phenotypic variability. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 19:320-4. [PMID: 23211418 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial parkinson's disease is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. By mapping the disease locus with a lod score of 5.13 to a < 3.5 Mbp region at 1p31.3 in a consanguineous family and subsequent exome sequencing analysis, we identified homozygous truncating mutation p.Q734X in DNAJC6. Four members of the family were afflicted with juvenile parkinsonism that presented with mental retardation, pyramidal signs and epilepsy, as well as varying degrees of a progressive neurological disease. Recently a splicing mutation in the same gene was reported in two brothers with juvenile parkinsonism that was not L-Dopa responsive and not accompanied by pyramidal signs or mental retardation. Also, an 80-kb deletion that included DNAJC6 sequences was identified in a boy reported as having obesity, epilepsy and mental retardation but not any signs of parkinsonism. The phenotype of our study family resembles both of those families, which among themselves do not share any clinical features. Our findings further establish DNAJC6 as a juvenile parkinsonism gene, and expand the spectrums of the parkinsonism phenotype and DNAJC6 mutation. DNAJC6 encodes the neuronal co-chaperone auxilin. We found that its transcript is highly significantly more abundant in brain as compared to the non-neural tissues assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Köroğlu
- Boğaziçi University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, KP 301, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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35
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Guven A, Gunduz A, Bozoglu TM, Yalcinkaya C, Tolun A. Novel NDE1 homozygous mutation resulting in microhydranencephaly and not microlyssencephaly. Neurogenetics 2012; 13:189-94. [PMID: 22526350 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-012-0326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lissencephaly is characterized by deficient cortical lamination. Recently homozygous NDE1 mutations were reported in three kindred afflicted with extreme microcephaly with lissencephaly or microlissencephaly. Another severe developmental defect that involves the brain is microhydranencephaly which manifests with microcephaly, motor and mental retardation and brain malformations that include gross dilation of the ventricles with complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres or severe delay in their development. In the three related patients with microhydranencephaly that we had reported previously, we identified a homozygous deletion that encompasses NDE1 exon 2 containing the initiation codon. The mutation is predicted to result in a null allele. Herein we compare the clinical phenotypes of our research patients to those reported as microlissencephaly. The clinical findings in our patients having the fourth NDE1 mutation reported so far widen the spectrum of brain malformations resulting from mutations in NDE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Guven
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, KP 301, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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Lohmann E, Köroğlu Ç, Hanagasi HA, Dursun B, Taşan E, Tolun A. A homozygous frameshift mutation of sepiapterin reductase gene causing parkinsonism with onset in childhood. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18:191-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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37
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Tüysüz B, Tolun A, Yıldırım Y. Response to Kouwenberg et al. “Recognizable Phenotype With Common Occurrence of Microcephaly, Psychomotor Retardation, But No Spontaneous Bone Fractures in ARCL2B Due to PYCR1 Mutations”. Am J Med Genet A 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The authors present three patients from a consanguineous family afflicted with novel recessive myoclonic epilepsy characterized by very early onset and a steadily progressive course. The onset is in early infancy, and death occurs in the first decade. In addition to various types of myoclonic seizures, episodic phenomena such as dystonias, postictal enduring hemipareses, autonomic involvements, and periods of obtundation and lethargy were also observed. Developmental and neurological retardation, coupled with systemic infections, leads to a full deterioration. The authors designated the disease progressive myoclonic epilepsy with dystonia (PMED). A genome scan for the family and subsequent fine mapping localized the gene responsible for the disease to the most telomeric 6.73 mega base pairs at the p-terminus of chromosome 16, with a maximum multipoint logarithm-of-odds score of 7.83 and a maximum two-point score of 4.25. A candidate gene was analyzed for mutations in patients, but no mutation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Duru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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39
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Yıldırım Y, Orhan EK, Iseri SAU, Serdaroglu-Oflazer P, Kara B, Solakoğlu S, Tolun A. A frameshift mutation of ERLIN2 in recessive intellectual disability, motor dysfunction and multiple joint contractures. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1886-92. [PMID: 21330303 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a family afflicted with a novel autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive intellectual disability, motor dysfunction and multiple joint contractures. No pathology was found by cranial imaging, electromyography and muscle biopsy, but electron microscopy in leukocytes revealed large vacuoles containing flocculent material. We mapped the disease gene by SNP genome scan and linkage analysis to an ∼0.80 cM and 1 Mb region at 8p11.23 with a multipoint logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 12. By candidate gene approach, we identified a homozygous two-nucleotide insertion in ERLIN2, predicted to lead to the truncation of the protein by about 20%. The gene encodes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lipid raft-associated protein 2 that mediates the ER-associated degradation of activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and other substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşerin Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
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40
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Goonewardena P, Gustavson KH, Holmgren G, Tolun A, Chotai J, Johnsen E, PetterssoN U. Studies on fragile X-mental retardation by the use of DNA probes. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1986.tb00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Ninis VN, Kýlýnç MO, Kandemir M, Dadlý E, Tolun A. High frequency of T9 and CFTR mutations in children with idiopathic bronchiectasis. J Med Genet 2003; 40:530-5. [PMID: 12843327 PMCID: PMC1735527 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.7.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
The 35delG mutation in the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) at the DFNB1 locus is the most common mutation in patients with autosomal-recessive sensorineural deafness. Genetic diagnosis is crucial for genetic counseling. We have developed an easy and simple method and screened a total of 235 unrelated hearing-impaired children. We found 48 of the subjects to be homozygous for the mutation, including 27 of 83 familial cases, 15 of 101 singletons, 4 of 9 subjects born to assortative marriages (deaf married to deaf), and 2 of 42 subjects for whom the parents claimed an environmental factor as the etiology of the condition. The high ratio of individuals homozygous for the mutation indicated that the 35delG mutation in the connexin gene accounts for more than 90% of the mutations at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bariş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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43
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Tolun A. Comment on Holger Breithaupt's article "Losing them is not an option" in EMBO reports, August 2001. EMBO Rep 2001; 2:860-1. [PMID: 11600442 PMCID: PMC1084090 DOI: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Kavaslar GN, Onengüt S, Derman O, Kaya A, Tolun A. The novel genetic disorder microhydranencephaly maps to chromosome 16p13.3-12.1. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66:1705-9. [PMID: 10762554 PMCID: PMC1378027 DOI: 10.1086/302898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1999] [Accepted: 02/09/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied a large consanguineous Anatolian family with children who exhibited hydranencephaly associated with microcephaly. The children were severely affected. This novel genetic disorder is autosomal recessive. We used autozygosity mapping to identify a locus at chromosome 16p13.3-12.1; it has a LOD score of 4.11. The gene locus is within a maximal 11-cM interval between markers D16S497 and D16S672 and within a minimal critical region of 8 cM between markers D16S748 and D16S490.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Kavaslar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Bebek 80815, Istanbul, Turkey
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45
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Kilinç MO, Ninis VN, Tolun A, Estivill X, Casals T, Savov A, Dagli E, Karakoç F, Demirkol M, Hüner G, Ozkinay F, Demir E, Seculi JL, Pena J, Bousono C, Ferrer-Calvete J, Calvo C, Glover G, Kremenski I. Genotype-phenotype correlation in three homozygotes for the cystic fibrosis mutation 2183AA-->G shows a severe phenotype. J Med Genet 2000; 37:307-9. [PMID: 10819640 PMCID: PMC1734561 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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46
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Onengüt S, Kavaslar GN, Battaloğlu E, Serdaroğlu P, Deymeer F, Ozdemir C, Calafell F, Tolun A. Deletion pattern in the dystrophin gene in Turks and a comparison with Europeans and Indians. Ann Hum Genet 2000; 64:33-40. [PMID: 11388892 DOI: 10.1017/s0003480000007934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/1999] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of dystrophin gene deletions in DMD/BMD patients were compared in four populations: Turks (n = 146 deletions), Europeans (n = 838), North Indians (n = 89), and Indians from all over India (n = 103). Statistical tests revealed that there are differences in the proportions of small deletions. In contrast, the distribution of deletion breakpoints and the frequencies of specific deletions commonly observed in the four populations are not significantly different. The variations strongly suggest that sequence differences exist in the introns, and the differences are in agreement with genetic distances among populations. The similarities suggest that some intronic sequences have been conserved and that those will trigger recurrent deletions, since it is unlikely that gene flow would disperse the deleted chromosomes, which vanish from the gene pool in a few generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Onengüt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Teraoka SN, Telatar M, Becker-Catania S, Liang T, Onengüt S, Tolun A, Chessa L, Sanal O, Bernatowska E, Gatti RA, Concannon P. Splicing defects in the ataxia-telangiectasia gene, ATM: underlying mutations and consequences. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:1617-31. [PMID: 10330348 PMCID: PMC1377904 DOI: 10.1086/302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations resulting in defective splicing constitute a significant proportion (30/62 [48%]) of a new series of mutations in the ATM gene in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) that were detected by the protein-truncation assay followed by sequence analysis of genomic DNA. Fewer than half of the splicing mutations involved the canonical AG splice-acceptor site or GT splice-donor site. A higher percentage of mutations occurred at less stringently conserved sites, including silent mutations of the last nucleotide of exons, mutations in nucleotides other than the conserved AG and GT in the consensus splice sites, and creation of splice-acceptor or splice-donor sites in either introns or exons. These splicing mutations led to a variety of consequences, including exon skipping and, to a lesser degree, intron retention, activation of cryptic splice sites, or creation of new splice sites. In addition, 5 of 12 nonsense mutations and 1 missense mutation were associated with deletion in the cDNA of the exons in which the mutations occurred. No ATM protein was detected by western blotting in any AT cell line in which splicing mutations were identified. Several cases of exon skipping in both normal controls and patients for whom no underlying defect could be found in genomic DNA were also observed, suggesting caution in the interpretation of exon deletions observed in ATM cDNA when there is no accompanying identification of genomic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Teraoka
- Program in Molecular Genetics, Virginia Mason Research Center, and Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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48
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Oktay S, Cabadak H, Iskender E, Gören Z, Calişkan E, Orun O, Aslan N, Karaalp A, Tolun A, Ulusoy NB, Levey AI, El-Fakahany EE, Kan B. Evidence for the presence of muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors in guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle. J Auton Pharmacol 1998; 18:195-204. [PMID: 9788289 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2680.1998.18474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The affinities of 10 selective muscarinic receptor antagonists against [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding were determined to characterize the muscarinic receptors present in guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle. The highest correlation was obtained for the comparison between the pKi values for the gallbladder smooth muscle and M2 sites. Pirenzepine revealed two binding sites with affinities indicating the presence of muscarinic M2 receptors in abundance and a minor population of an additional site(s). 2. Carbachol produced gallbladder contractions, stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and inhibited cAMP formation concentration-dependently with pD2 values of 6.12 +/- 0.11, 5.18 +/- 0.33 and 7.19 +/- 0.15, respectively. 3. Pirenzepine, 4-DAMP, HHSiD, pF-HHSiD, AF-DX 116, methoctramine, AQ-RA 741, guanylpirenzepine and AF-DX 384 showed competitive antagonism against carbachol-induced gallbladder contractions. There was no correlation between the pA2 values for the gallbladder and pKi values for the M2 sites, whereas significant correlations were found for the M1, M3 and M4 sites, the best correlation being between the pA2 values for the gallbladder and M4 subtypes. 4. Finally, the presence of both m2 and m4 receptor proteins were demonstrated by Western blot analysis. It is concluded that guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle has both muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors, which are coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibition and PI hydrolysis. 5. Although it seems likely that M2 receptors do not play a primary role in carbachol-induced guinea-pig gallbladder contraction, the characterization of the muscarinic subtypes which mediate these contractile responses needs further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oktay
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wright J, Teraoka S, Onengut S, Tolun A, Gatti RA, Ochs HD, Concannon P. A high frequency of distinct ATM gene mutations in ataxia-telangiectasia. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59:839-46. [PMID: 8808599 PMCID: PMC1914811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical features of the autosomal recessive disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) include a progressive cerebellar ataxia, hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, and an increased susceptibility to malignancies. Epidemiological studies have suggested that AT heterozygotes may also be at increased risk for malignancy, possibly as a consequence of radiation exposure. A gene mutated in AT patients (ATM) has recently been isolated, making mutation screening in both patients and the general population possible. Because of the relatively large size of the ATM gene, the design of screening programs will depend on the types and distribution of mutations in the general population. In this report, we describe 30 mutations identified in a panel of unrelated AT patients and controls. Twenty-five of the 30 were distinct, and most patients were compound heterozygotes. The most frequently detected mutation was found in three different families and had previously been reported in five others. This corresponds to a frequency of 8% of all reported ATM mutations. Twenty-two of the alterations observed would be predicted to lead to protein truncation at sites scattered throughout the molecule. Two fibroblast cell lines, which displayed normal responses to ionizing radiation, also proved to be heterozygous for truncation mutations of ATM. These observations suggest that the carrier frequency of ATM mutations may be sufficiently high to make population screening practical. However, such screening may need to be done prospectively, that is, by searching for new mutations rather than by screening for just those already identified in AT families.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wright
- Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Abstract
Two hypervariable sequence segments in the control region of mitochondrial DNA were determined in samples of Bulgarians and Turks. The Turkish sample presented a higher degree of internal diversity, in terms of total number of variable nucleotides, as well as in the average pairwise nucleotide difference. Pairwise difference distributions were built for both samples, yielding smooth bell shapes in agreement with the Rogers and Harpending model. The Bulgarian and Turkish data were compared with several European and W. Asian Caucasoid populations (Basques, Tuscans, Sardinians, British, Middle Easterners and Indians). Mean pairwise differences suggest that a demographic expansion occurred sequentially in the Middle East, through Turkey, to the rest of Europe (Bulgaria included). Current mutation rate estimates date this expansion in times ranging between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago and, thus, would correspond to the arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Sequence trees for segment I show that European and Middle Eastern sequences derived from the reference sequence. Coalescence times for segment I sequences agree with those predicted by pairwise distributions. Genetic trees were constructed between populations and revealed an extreme homogeneity between European samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calafell
- Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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