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Gu Q, Liu H, Ma J, Yuan J, Li X, Qiao L. A Narrative Review of Circular RNAs in Brain Development and Diseases of Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:706012. [PMID: 34621711 PMCID: PMC8490812 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.706012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated by back-splicing are the vital class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Circular RNAs are highly abundant and stable in eukaryotes, and many of them are evolutionarily conserved. They are blessed with higher expression in mammalian brains and could take part in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In addition, premature birth is important in neurodevelopmental diseases. Brain damage in preterm infants may represent the main cause of long-term neurodevelopmental disorders in surviving babies. Until recently, more and more researches have been evidenced that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy of premature. We aim at explaining neuroinflammation promoting the brain damage. In this review, we summarize the current findings of circRNAs properties, expression, and functions, as well as their significances in the neurodevelopmental impairments, white matter damage (WMD) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). So we think that circRNAs have a direct impact on neurodevelopment and brain injury, and will be a powerful tool in the repair of the injured immature brain. Even though their exact roles and mechanisms of gene regulation remain elusive, circRNAs have potential applications as diagnostic biomarkers for brain damage and the target for neuroprotective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Gu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaming Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianchang People's Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Xinger Li
- Department of Biobank, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zarate YA, Smith-Hicks CL, Greene C, Abbott MA, Siu VM, Calhoun ARUL, Pandya A, Li C, Sellars EA, Kaylor J, Bosanko K, Kalsner L, Basinger A, Slavotinek AM, Perry H, Saenz M, Szybowska M, Wilson LC, Kumar A, Brain C, Balasubramanian M, Dubbs H, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Zackai E, Stein Q, Powell CM, Schrier Vergano S, Britt A, Sun A, Smith W, Bebin EM, Picker J, Kirby A, Pinz H, Bombei H, Mahida S, Cohen JS, Fatemi A, Vernon HJ, McClellan R, Fleming LR, Knyszek B, Steinraths M, Velasco Gonzalez C, Beck AE, Golden-Grant KL, Egense A, Parikh A, Raimondi C, Angle B, Allen W, Schott S, Algrabli A, Robin NH, Ray JW, Everman DB, Gambello MJ, Chung WK. Natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in 72 individuals with SATB2-associated syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:925-935. [PMID: 29436146 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by significant neurodevelopmental disabilities with limited to absent speech, behavioral issues, and craniofacial anomalies. Previous studies have largely been restricted to case reports and small series without in-depth phenotypic characterization or genotype-phenotype correlations. Seventy two study participants were identified as part of the SAS clinical registry. Individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of SAS were referred after clinical diagnostic testing. In this series we present the most comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic characterization of SAS to date, including prevalence of each clinical feature, neurodevelopmental milestones, and when available, patient management. We confirm that the most distinctive features are neurodevelopmental delay with invariably severely limited speech, abnormalities of the palate (cleft or high-arched), dental anomalies (crowding, macrodontia, abnormal shape), and behavioral issues with or without bone or brain anomalies. This comprehensive clinical characterization will help clinicians with the diagnosis, counseling and management of SAS and help provide families with anticipatory guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Constance L Smith-Hicks
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carol Greene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary-Alice Abbott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria M Siu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy R U L Calhoun
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Arti Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chumei Li
- Clinical Genetics Program, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Sellars
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Katherine Bosanko
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Louisa Kalsner
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center and University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hazel Perry
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Marta Szybowska
- Clinical Genetics Program, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise C Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ajith Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caroline Brain
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Holly Dubbs
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Elaine Zackai
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Quinn Stein
- Divisions of Pediatric Neurology and Genetics, Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Cynthia M Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Allison Britt
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Angela Sun
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wendy Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, The Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - E Martina Bebin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Amelia Kirby
- Division of Medical Genetics, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Hailey Pinz
- Division of Medical Genetics, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Hannah Bombei
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sonal Mahida
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ali Fatemi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hilary J Vernon
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca McClellan
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leah R Fleming
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, Idaho
| | - Brittney Knyszek
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, Idaho
| | - Michelle Steinraths
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cruz Velasco Gonzalez
- Biostatistics Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Anita E Beck
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Alena Egense
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aditi Parikh
- University of Toledo Department of Pediatrics, Toledo, Ohio.,University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Brad Angle
- Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
| | - William Allen
- Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Joseph W Ray
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
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