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Almomen M, Burgon PG. Why Craniofacial Surgeons/Researchers Need to be Aware of Native American Myopathy? Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:149-155. [PMID: 38378040 DOI: 10.1055/a-2271-8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Congenital myopathy type 13 (CMYO13), also known as Native American myopathy, is a rare muscle disease characterized by early-onset hypotonia, muscle weakness, delayed motor milestones, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. The phenotypic spectrum of congenital myopathy type 13 is expanding, with milder forms reported in non-native American patients. The first description of the disease dates to 1987 when Bailey and Bloch described an infant belonging to a Native American tribe with cleft palate, micrognathia, arthrogryposis, and general-anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia reaction; the cause of the latter remains poorly defined in this rare disease. The pan-ethnic distribution, as well as its predisposition to malignant hyperthermia, makes the identification of CMYO13 essential to avoid life-threatening, anesthesia-related complications. In this article, we are going to review the clinical phenotype of this disease and the pathophysiology of this rare disease with a focus on two unique features of the disease, namely cleft palate and malignant hyperthermia. We also highlight the importance of recognizing this disease's expanding phenotypic spectrum-including its susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia-and providing appropriate care to affected individuals and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momen Almomen
- Department of Neurosciences, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick G Burgon
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar
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Essop F, Dillon B, Mhlongo F, Bhengu L, Naicker T, Lambie L, Smit L, Fieggen K, Lochan A, Dawson J, Mpangase P, Hauptfleisch M, Scher G, Tabane O, Immelman M, Urban M, Krause A. STAC3 disorder: a common cause of congenital hypotonia in Southern African patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01644-5. [PMID: 38824262 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
STAC3 disorder, or Native American myopathy, is characterised by congenital myopathy, hypotonia, musculoskeletal and palatal anomalies, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. A STAC3 c.851 G > C (p.Trp284Ser) pathogenic variant, common in the Lumbee Native American tribe, has been identified in other populations worldwide, including patients of African ancestry. We report on the frequency of STAC3 c.851 G > C in a cohort of 127 patients presenting with congenital hypotonia that tested negative for spinal muscular atrophy and/or Prader-Willi syndrome. We present a clinical retrospective, descriptive review on 31 Southern African patients homozygous for STAC3 c.851 G > C. The frequencies of various phenotypic characteristics were calculated. In total, 25/127 (20%) laboratory-based samples were homozygous for STAC3 c.851 G > C. A carrier rate of 1/56 and a predicted birth rate of 1/12 500 was estimated from a healthy cohort. A common haplotype spanning STAC3 was identified in four patients. Of the clinical group, 93% had a palatal abnormality, 52% a spinal anomaly, 59% had talipes equinovarus deformity/deformities, 38% had arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and 22% had a history suggestive of malignant hyperthermia. The novel finding that STAC3 disorder is a common African myopathy has important clinical implications for the diagnosis, treatment and genetic counselling of individuals, with neonatal and/or childhood hypotonia with or without arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, and their families. The spread of this variant worldwide and the allele frequency higher in the African/African-American ancestry than the Admixed Americans, strongly indicates that the STAC3 c.851 G > C variant has an African origin which may be due to an ancient mutation with migration and population bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Essop
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Bronwyn Dillon
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felicity Mhlongo
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Louisa Bhengu
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thirona Naicker
- Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lindsay Lambie
- Genetics Department, Ampath National Reference Laboratory, Centurion, South Africa
| | - Liani Smit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karen Fieggen
- Division of Human Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anneline Lochan
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica Dawson
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Phelelani Mpangase
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marc Hauptfleisch
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gail Scher
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Odirile Tabane
- Genetics Department, Ampath National Reference Laboratory, Centurion, South Africa
| | - Marelize Immelman
- National Health Laboratory Service Human Genetics Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Urban
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Amanda Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Almomen M, Amer F, Alfaraj F, Burgon PG, Bashir S, Alghamdi F. STAC3-related myopathy: A Report of a Cohort of Seven Saudi Arabian Patients. Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:166-170. [PMID: 38365197 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The study aims to review all the genetically confirmed STAC3-related myopathy being followed in a single center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY A retrospective review of all genetically confirmed STAC3-related myopathy followed in our clinic has been conducted. RESULTS 7 patients with STAC3-related myopathy have been found in our cohort, with all the patients presenting with infantile hypotonia, myopathic facies, and muscle weakness in the first year of life. Feeding difficulties and failure to thrive were found in all patients except one who died during the neonatal period. Respiratory muscle involvement was also found in 5 out of 6 formally tested patients while cleft palate was found in 5 patients. CONCLUSION STAC3-related myopathy is a relatively rare, malignant hyperthermia (MH)--causing muscle disease described in specific, highly consanguineous populations. Making the diagnosis in myopathic patients with cleft palate preoperatively can prevent MH-induced, anesthesia-related perioperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momen Almomen
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzia Amer
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Division, Kasr AlAiny School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatima Alfaraj
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick G Burgon
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Alghamdi
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Campbell L, Fredericks J, Mathivha K, Moshesh P, Coovadia A, Chirwa P, Dillon B, Ghoor A, Lawrence D, Nair L, Mabaso N, Mokwele D, Novellie M, Krause A, Carstens N. The implementation and utility of clinical exome sequencing in a South African infant cohort. Front Genet 2023; 14:1277948. [PMID: 38028619 PMCID: PMC10665497 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1277948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders are significant contributors to infant hospitalization and mortality globally. The early diagnosis of these conditions in infants remains a considerable challenge. Clinical exome sequencing (CES) has shown to be a successful tool for the early diagnosis of genetic conditions, however, its utility in African infant populations has not been investigated. The impact of the under-representation of African genomic data, the cost of testing, and genomic workforce shortages, need to be investigated and evidence-based implementation strategies accounting for locally available genetics expertise and diagnostic infrastructure need to be developed. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of singleton CES in a cohort of 32 ill, South African infants from two State hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. We analysed the data using a series of filtering approaches, including a curated virtual gene panel consisting of genes implicated in neonatal-and early childhood-onset conditions and genes with known founder and common variants in African populations. We reported a diagnostic yield of 22% and identified seven pathogenic variants in the NPHS1, COL2A1, OCRL, SHOC2, TPRV4, MTM1 and STAC3 genes. This study demonstrates the utility value of CES in the South African State healthcare setting, providing a diagnosis to patients who would otherwise not receive one and allowing for directed management. We anticipate an increase in the diagnostic yield of our workflow with further refinement of the study inclusion criteria. This study highlights important considerations for the implementation of genomic medicine in under-resourced settings and in under-represented African populations where variant interpretation remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Campbell
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - J. Fredericks
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K. Mathivha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson Mandela Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P. Moshesh
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Nelson Mandela Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A. Coovadia
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P. Chirwa
- Nelson Mandela Children’s Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - B. Dillon
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A. Ghoor
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D. Lawrence
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L. Nair
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N. Mabaso
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D. Mokwele
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Novellie
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A. Krause
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N. Carstens
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service andSchool of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Genomics Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gomes GRF, Mariano TC, Braga VLL, Ribeiro EM, Guimarães IP, Pereira KSAF, Nóbrega PR, Pessoa ALS. Bailey-Bloch Congenital Myopathy in Brazilian Patients: A Very Rare Myopathy with Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1184. [PMID: 37626540 PMCID: PMC10452826 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital myopathy-13 (CMYP13), also known as Bailey-Bloch congenital myopathy and Native American myopathy (NAM), is a condition caused by biallelic missense pathogenic variants in STAC3, which encodes an important protein necessary for the excitation-relaxation coupling machinery in the muscle. Patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in STAC3 often present with congenital weakness and arthrogryposis, cleft palate, ptosis, myopathic facies, short stature, kyphoscoliosis, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia provoked by anesthesia. We present two unrelated cases of Bailey-Bloch congenital myopathy descendants of non-consanguineous parents, which were investigated for delayed psychomotor development and generalized weakness. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first descriptions of CMYP13 in Brazil. In both patients, we found the previously described pathogenic missense variant p.Trp284Ser in homozygosity. CONCLUSION We seek to highlight the need for screening for CMYP13 in patients expressing the typical phenotype of the disease even in the absence of Lumbee Native American ancestry, and to raise awareness to possible complications like malignant hyperthermia in Bailey-Bloch congenital myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamiris Carneiro Mariano
- Albert Sabin Pediatric Hospital (HIAS), Fortaleza 60410-794, Brazil; (T.C.M.); (V.L.L.B.); (E.M.R.)
| | - Vitor Lucas Lopes Braga
- Albert Sabin Pediatric Hospital (HIAS), Fortaleza 60410-794, Brazil; (T.C.M.); (V.L.L.B.); (E.M.R.)
| | - Erlane Marques Ribeiro
- Albert Sabin Pediatric Hospital (HIAS), Fortaleza 60410-794, Brazil; (T.C.M.); (V.L.L.B.); (E.M.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Unichristus University, Fortaleza 60160-196, Brazil;
| | - Ingred Pimentel Guimarães
- Faculty of Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (G.R.F.G.); (I.P.G.); (K.S.A.F.P.)
| | | | - Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
- Faculty of Medicine, Unichristus University, Fortaleza 60160-196, Brazil;
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-372, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Santos Pessoa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (G.R.F.G.); (I.P.G.); (K.S.A.F.P.)
- Albert Sabin Pediatric Hospital (HIAS), Fortaleza 60410-794, Brazil; (T.C.M.); (V.L.L.B.); (E.M.R.)
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Campiglio M, Dyrda A, Tuinte WE, Török E. Ca V1.1 Calcium Channel Signaling Complexes in Excitation-Contraction Coupling: Insights from Channelopathies. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:3-39. [PMID: 36592225 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling relies on the mechanical coupling between two ion channels: the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1), located in the sarcolemma and functioning as the voltage sensor of EC coupling, and the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1), located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum serving as the calcium release channel. To this day, the molecular mechanism by which these two ion channels are linked remains elusive. However, recently, skeletal muscle EC coupling could be reconstituted in heterologous cells, revealing that only four proteins are essential for this process: CaV1.1, RyR1, and the cytosolic proteins CaVβ1a and STAC3. Due to the crucial role of these proteins in skeletal muscle EC coupling, any mutation that affects any one of these proteins can have devastating consequences, resulting in congenital myopathies and other pathologies.Here, we summarize the current knowledge concerning these four essential proteins and discuss the pathophysiology of the CaV1.1, RyR1, and STAC3-related skeletal muscle diseases with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms. Being part of the same signalosome, mutations in different proteins often result in congenital myopathies with similar symptoms or even in the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campiglio
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Agnieszka Dyrda
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wietske E Tuinte
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Enikő Török
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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White R, Schiemann AH, Burling SM, Bjorksten A, Bulger T, Gillies R, Hopkins PM, Kamsteeg EJ, Machon RG, Massey S, Miller D, Perry M, Snoeck MM, Stephens J, Street N, van den Bersselaar LR, Stowell KM. Functional analysis of RYR1 variants in patients with confirmed susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:879-888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Rossi D, Catallo MR, Pierantozzi E, Sorrentino V. Mutations in proteins involved in E-C coupling and SOCE and congenital myopathies. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213407. [PMID: 35980353 PMCID: PMC9391951 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, Ca2+ necessary for muscle contraction is stored and released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum through the mechanism known as excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling. Following activation of skeletal muscle contraction by the E-C coupling mechanism, replenishment of intracellular stores requires reuptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into the SR by the activity of SR Ca2+-ATPases, but also Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space, through a mechanism called store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The fine orchestration of these processes requires several proteins, including Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ sensors, and Ca2+ buffers, as well as the active involvement of mitochondria. Mutations in genes coding for proteins participating in E-C coupling and SOCE are causative of several myopathies characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, a variety of histological features, and alterations in intracellular Ca2+ balance. This review summarizes current knowledge on these myopathies and discusses available knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Catallo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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Gromand M, Gueguen P, Pervillé A, Ferroul F, Morel G, Harouna A, Doray B, Urtizberea JA, Alessandri JL, Robin S. STAC3 related congenital myopathy: A case series of seven Comorian patients. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104598. [PMID: 36030003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Bailey-Bloch congenital myopathy, also known as Native American myopathy (NAM), is an autosomal recessive congenital myopathy first reported in the Lumbee tribe people settled in North Carolina (USA), and characterized by congenital weakness and arthrogryposis, cleft palate, ptosis, short stature, kyphoscoliosis, talipes deformities, and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH) triggered by anesthesia. NAM is linked to STAC3 gene coding for a component of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles. A homozygous missense variant (c.851G > C; p.Trp284Ser) in STAC3 segregated with NAM in the Lumbee families. Non-Native American patients with STAC3 related congenital myopathy, and with other various variants of STAC3 have been reported. Here, we present seven patients from the Comoros Islands (located in the Mozambique Channel) diagnosed with STAC3 related congenital myopathy and having the recurrent variant identified in the Lumbee people. The series is the second largest series of patients having STAC3 related congenital myopathy with a shared ethnicity after le Lumbee series. Local history and geography may explain the overrepresentation of NAM in the Comorian Archipelago with a founder effect. Further researches would be necessary for the understanding of the onset of the NAM in Comorian population as search of the "classical" STAC3 variant in East African population, and haplotypes comparison between Comorian and Lumbee patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gromand
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
| | - Paul Gueguen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Fanny Ferroul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
| | - Godelieve Morel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Bérénice Doray
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
| | - J Andoni Urtizberea
- Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire, FILNEMUS, Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - Jean-Luc Alessandri
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France.
| | - Stéphanie Robin
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Félix Guyon, La Réunion, France
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10
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Murtazina A, Demina N, Chausova P, Shchagina O, Borovikov A, Dadali E. The First Russian Patient with Native American Myopathy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020341. [PMID: 35205385 PMCID: PMC8872138 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathy associated with pathogenic variants in the STAC3 gene has long been considered native American myopathy (NAM). In 2017, the first case of a non-Amerindian patient with this myopathy was described. Here, we report the first Russian patient with NAM. The patient is a 17-year-old female with compound-heterozygous single nucleotide variants in the STAC3 gene: c.862A>T, p.(Lys288Ter) and c.93del, p.(Lys32ArgfsTer78). She has a milder phenotype than the earlier described patients. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient who had both nonsense and frameshift variants. It is assumed that the frameshift variant with premature stop codon lead to nonsense-mediated RNA decay. However, there are two additional coding isoforms of the STAC3 gene, which are not affected by this frameshift variant. We can speculate that these isoforms may partially carry out the function, and possibly explain the milder phenotype of our patient.
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11
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Mock S, Jabaut J, Barra D, Angelo T, Benjamin J. Challenges in Obstetric Anesthesia in a Parturient With Native American Myopathy: A Case Report. A A Pract 2021; 15:e01541. [PMID: 34890372 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Native American Myopathy (NAM) is an inherited, malignant hyperthermia-susceptible myopathy associated with abnormal craniofacial development and neuromuscular scoliosis. There is scant NAM anesthetic literature and, to our knowledge, no existing publications describing the anesthetic management of a NAM parturient. The constellation of symptoms of NAM in the parturient presents a number of challenges to the obstetric anesthesiologist, including difficult airway associated with craniofacial abnormalities and pregnancy, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, and possible difficult neuraxial block. In this report, we present the anesthetic management of a parturient with NAM and previous extensive posterior spinal fusion undergoing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mock
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Jabaut
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Barra
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany Angelo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - John Benjamin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Woll KA, Van Petegem F. Calcium Release Channels: Structure and Function of IP3 Receptors and Ryanodine Receptors. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:209-268. [PMID: 34280054 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-release channels are giant membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two members, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptors (IP3Rs), are evolutionarily related and are both activated by cytosolic Ca2+. They share a common architecture, but RyRs have evolved additional modules in the cytosolic region. Their massive size allows for the regulation by tens of proteins and small molecules, which can affect the opening and closing of the channels. In addition to Ca2+, other major triggers include IP3 for the IP3Rs, and depolarization of the plasma membrane for a particular RyR subtype. Their size has made them popular targets for study via electron microscopic methods, with current structures culminating near 3Å. The available structures have provided many new mechanistic insights int the binding of auxiliary proteins and small molecules, how these can regulate channel opening, and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations. They also help scrutinize previously proposed binding sites, as some of these are now incompatible with the structures. Many questions remain around the structural effects of post-translational modifications, additional binding partners, and the higher-order complexes these channels can make in situ. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the structures of Ca2+-release channels and how this informs on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie A Woll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Maggi L, Bonanno S, Altamura C, Desaphy JF. Ion Channel Gene Mutations Causing Skeletal Muscle Disorders: Pathomechanisms and Opportunities for Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061521. [PMID: 34208776 PMCID: PMC8234207 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ion channelopathies (SMICs) are a large heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channel subunits in the skeletal muscle mainly characterized by myotonia or periodic paralysis, potentially resulting in long-term disabilities. However, with the development of new molecular technologies, new genes and new phenotypes, including progressive myopathies, have been recently discovered, markedly increasing the complexity in the field. In this regard, new advances in SMICs show a less conventional role of ion channels in muscle cell division, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Hence, SMICs represent an expanding and exciting field. Here, we review current knowledge of SMICs, with a description of their clinical phenotypes, cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, and available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Bonanno
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Concetta Altamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.A.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.A.); (J.-F.D.)
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14
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Rufenach B, Van Petegem F. Structure and function of STAC proteins: Calcium channel modulators and critical components of muscle excitation-contraction coupling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100874. [PMID: 34129875 PMCID: PMC8258685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle tissue, an intriguing mechanical coupling exists between two ion channels from different membranes: the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1), located in the plasma membrane, and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Excitable cells rely on Cavs to initiate Ca2+ entry in response to action potentials. RyRs can amplify this signal by releasing Ca2+ from internal stores. Although this process can be mediated through Ca2+ as a messenger, an overwhelming amount of evidence suggests that RyR1 has recruited CaV1.1 directly as its voltage sensor. The exact mechanisms that underlie this coupling have been enigmatic, but a recent wave of reports have illuminated the coupling protein STAC3 as a critical player. Without STAC3, the mechanical coupling between Cav1.1 and RyR1 is lost, and muscles fail to contract. Various sequence variants of this protein have been linked to congenital myopathy. Other STAC isoforms are expressed in the brain and may serve as regulators of L-type CaVs. Despite the short length of STACs, several points of contacts have been proposed between them and CaVs. However, it is currently unclear whether STAC3 also forms direct interactions with RyR1, and whether this modulates RyR1 function. In this review, we discuss the 3D architecture of STAC proteins, the biochemical evidence for their interactions, the relevance of these connections for functional modulation, and their involvement in myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britany Rufenach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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15
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Webb BD, Manoli I, Engle EC, Jabs EW. A framework for the evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:158. [PMID: 33827624 PMCID: PMC8028830 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a broad differential for patients presenting with congenital facial weakness, and initial misdiagnosis unfortunately is common for this phenotypic presentation. Here we present a framework to guide evaluation of patients with congenital facial weakness disorders to enable accurate diagnosis. The core categories of causes of congenital facial weakness include: neurogenic, neuromuscular junction, myopathic, and other. This diagnostic algorithm is presented, and physical exam considerations, additional follow-up studies and/or consultations, and appropriate genetic testing are discussed in detail. This framework should enable clinical geneticists, neurologists, and other rare disease specialists to feel prepared when encountering this patient population and guide diagnosis, genetic counseling, and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Camacho A, Martínez B, Alvarez S, Gil-Fournier B, Ramiro S, Hernández-Laín A, Núñez N, Simón R. Carey-Fineman-Ziter Syndrome: A MYMK-Related Myopathy Mimicking Brainstem Dysgenesis. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 7:309-313. [PMID: 32333597 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome is a congenital myopathy associated with mutations in the MYMK gene. It is clinically defined by the combination of hypotonia, Moebius-Robin sequence, facial anomalies and motor delay. Historically it was considered a brainstem dysgenesis syndrome. We provide detailed information of a Spanish boy with compound heterozygous variants in MYMK gene. A muscle biopsy performed as a toddler only disclosed minimal changes, but muscle MRI showed severe fatty infiltration of gluteus muscles and to a lesser extent in adductors magnus, sartorius and soleus muscles. Clinical course is fairly static, but the identification of new well characterized genetic cases will help to delineate the complete phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camacho
- Sección Neurología Infantil, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez
- Unidad Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Spain
| | | | | | - Soraya Ramiro
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Spain
| | - Aurelio Hernández-Laín
- Sección Neuropatología, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Núñez
- Sección Neurología Infantil, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio Simón
- Sección Neurología Infantil, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lehky T, Joseph R, Toro C, Wu T, Van Ryzin C, Gropman A, Facio FM, Webb BD, Jabs EW, Barry BS, Engle EC, Collins FS, Manoli I. Differentiating Moebius syndrome and other congenital facial weakness disorders with electrodiagnostic studies. Muscle Nerve 2021; 63:516-524. [PMID: 33389762 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital facial weakness (CFW) can result from facial nerve paresis with or without other cranial nerve and systemic involvement, or generalized neuropathic and myopathic disorders. Moebius syndrome is one type of CFW. In this study we explored the utility of electrodiagnostic studies (EDx) in the evaluation of individuals with CFW. METHODS Forty-three subjects enrolled prospectively into a dedicated clinical protocol and had EDx evaluations, including blink reflex and facial and peripheral nerve conduction studies, with optional needle electromyography. RESULTS MBS and hereditary congenital facial paresis (HCFP) subjects had low-amplitude cranial nerve 7 responses without other neuropathic or myopathic findings. Carriers of specific pathogenic variants in TUBB3 had, in addition, a generalized sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy with demyelinating features. Myopathic findings were detected in individuals with Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, other undefined myopathies, or CFW with arthrogryposis, ophthalmoplegia, and other system involvement. DISCUSSION EDx in CFW subjects can assist in characterizing the underlying pathogenesis, as well as guide diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Lehky
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Reversa Joseph
- EMG Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Chalmers P. Wylie Veterans Administration, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Disease Program, OCD, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianxia Wu
- Clinical Trials Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol Van Ryzin
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics and Neurogenetics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Flavia M Facio
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ethylin W Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brenda S Barry
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Engle
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, Immediate Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Irini Manoli
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Rufenach B, Christy D, Flucher BE, Bui JM, Gsponer J, Campiglio M, Van Petegem F. Multiple Sequence Variants in STAC3 Affect Interactions with CaV1.1 and Excitation-Contraction Coupling. Structure 2020; 28:922-932.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Flucher BE. Skeletal muscle Ca V1.1 channelopathies. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:739-754. [PMID: 32222817 PMCID: PMC7351834 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CaV1.1 is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle where it functions as voltage sensor of skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling independently of its functions as L-type calcium channel. Consequently, all known CaV1.1-related diseases are muscle diseases and the molecular and cellular disease mechanisms relate to the dual functions of CaV1.1 in this tissue. To date, four types of muscle diseases are known that can be linked to mutations in the CACNA1S gene or to splicing defects. These are hypo- and normokalemic periodic paralysis, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, CaV1.1-related myopathies, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. In addition, the CaV1.1 function in EC coupling is perturbed in Native American myopathy, arising from mutations in the CaV1.1-associated protein STAC3. Here, we first address general considerations concerning the possible roles of CaV1.1 in disease and then discuss the state of the art regarding the pathophysiology of the CaV1.1-related skeletal muscle diseases with an emphasis on molecular disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard E Flucher
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biophysics, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, A6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We will give an overview of neuromuscular disorders that can be linked with malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions, and suggest an appropriate approach to interpret the risks. RECENT FINDINGS An increasing number of neuromuscular phenotypes have been linked to malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). This is for an important part due to the highly variable phenotype associated with mutations in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RYR1), the gene most frequently associated with MHS. A RYR1-mutation or a clinical RYR1-phenotype does not automatically translate in MHS, but precautions should be taken nonetheless. In addition, several other genes and phenotypes are now considered to be associated with MHS. In contrast, several neuromuscular diseases that were long thought to be linked to MHS are now known to cause malignant hyperthermia-like reactions instead of malignant hyperthermia. This is highly relevant as not only the given preoperative advice differs, but also acute treatment. SUMMARY This review provides a summary of current evidence linking certain neuromuscular diseases to malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions. We provide a guide for the clinician, to determine which patients are at risk of malignant hyperthermia or malignant hyperthermia-like reactions perioperatively, and to ensure adequate treatment in case such a severe acute complication occurs.
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21
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Gonsalves SG, Dirksen RT, Sangkuhl K, Pulk R, Alvarellos M, Vo T, Hikino K, Roden D, Klein TE, Poler SM, Patel S, Caudle KE, Gordon R, Brandom B, Biesecker LG. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for the Use of Potent Volatile Anesthetic Agents and Succinylcholine in the Context of RYR1 or CACNA1S Genotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1338-1344. [PMID: 30499100 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The identification in a patient of 1 of the 50 variants in the RYR1 or CACNA1S genes reviewed here should lead to a presumption of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS). MHS can lead to life-threatening reactions to potent volatile anesthetic agents or succinylcholine. We summarize evidence from the literature supporting this association and provide therapeutic recommendations for the use of these agents in patients with these RYR1 or CACNA1S variants (updates at https://cpicpgx.org/guidelines and www.pharmgkb.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Gonsalves
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Katrin Sangkuhl
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Pulk
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation and Outcomes, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Alvarellos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Teresa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Medicine Internal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dan Roden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - S Mark Poler
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sephalie Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly E Caudle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ronald Gordon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbara Brandom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mercy Hospital UPMC, North American MH Registry of MHAUS, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Bell C, Nevitt S, McKay VH, Fattah AY. Will the real Moebius syndrome please stand up? A systematic review of the literature and statistical cluster analysis of clinical features. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:257-265. [PMID: 30556292 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Moebius syndrome is a highly variable syndrome with abducens and facial nerve palsy as core features. Strict diagnostic criteria do not exist and the inconsistency of the associated features makes determination difficult. To determine what features are associated with Moebius syndrome we performed a systematic literature review resulting in a composite case series of 449 individuals labeled with Moebius syndrome. We applied minimum criteria (facial and abducens palsy) to determine the prevalence of associated clinical features in this series. Additionally, we performed statistical cluster analysis to determine which features tended to occur together. Our study comprises the largest series of patients with Moebius syndrome and the first to apply statistical methodology to elucidate clinical relationships. We present evidence for two groups within the Moebius diagnosis. Type 1: exhibiting micrognathia, limb anomalies and feeding/swallowing difficulty that tend to occur together. Type 2: phenotypically diverse but more associated with radiologically detectable neurologic abnormalities and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bell
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria H McKay
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Y Fattah
- Facial Nerve Programme, Regional Paediatric Burns and Plastic Surgery Service, Alder Hey Children's Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Zaharieva IT, Sarkozy A, Munot P, Manzur A, O'Grady G, Rendu J, Malfatti E, Amthor H, Servais L, Urtizberea JA, Neto OA, Zanoteli E, Donkervoort S, Taylor J, Dixon J, Poke G, Foley AR, Holmes C, Williams G, Holder M, Yum S, Medne L, Quijano-Roy S, Romero NB, Fauré J, Feng L, Bastaki L, Davis MR, Phadke R, Sewry CA, Bönnemann CG, Jungbluth H, Bachmann C, Treves S, Muntoni F. STAC3 variants cause a congenital myopathy with distinctive dysmorphic features and malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1980-1994. [PMID: 30168660 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SH3 and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein 3 (STAC3) is an essential component of the skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) machinery, though its role and function are not yet completely understood. Here, we report 18 patients carrying a homozygous p.(Trp284Ser) STAC3 variant in addition to a patient compound heterozygous for the p.(Trp284Ser) and a novel splice site change (c.997-1G > T). Clinical severity ranged from prenatal onset with severe features at birth, to a milder and slowly progressive congenital myopathy phenotype. A malignant hyperthermia (MH)-like reaction had occurred in several patients. The functional analysis demonstrated impaired ECC. In particular, KCl-induced membrane depolarization resulted in significantly reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Co-immunoprecipitation of STAC3 with CaV 1.1 in patients and control muscle samples showed that the protein interaction between STAC3 and CaV 1.1 was not significantly affected by the STAC3 variants. This study demonstrates that STAC3 gene analysis should be included in the diagnostic work up of patients of any ethnicity presenting with congenital myopathy, in particular if a history of MH-like episodes is reported. While the precise pathomechanism remains to be elucidated, our functional characterization of STAC3 variants revealed that defective ECC is not a result of CaV 1.1 sarcolemma mislocalization or impaired STAC3-CaV 1.1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina T Zaharieva
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gina O'Grady
- Institute of Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Rendu
- UFR de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eduardo Malfatti
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit and Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center Paris-Est, Center for Research in Myology, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Helge Amthor
- UFR des sciences de la santé, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | | | - J Andoni Urtizberea
- Centre de Compétence Neuromusculaire, FILNEMUS, Hôpital Marin, Hendaye, France
| | - Osorio Abath Neto
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juliet Taylor
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Dixon
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gemma Poke
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Muriel Holder
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Yum
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Livija Medne
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France.,Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire GNMH, FILNEMUS, Université de Versailles, Versailles, France
| | - Norma B Romero
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit and Neuromuscular Pathology Reference Center Paris-Est, Center for Research in Myology, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- UFR de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucy Feng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Laila Bastaki
- Kuwait Medical Genetics Centre, Maternity Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline A Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Diseases, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling Section, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Anesthesia and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bachmann
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan Treves
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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24
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Niu J, Yang W, Yue DT, Inoue T, Ben-Johny M. Duplex signaling by CaM and Stac3 enhances Ca V1.1 function and provides insights into congenital myopathy. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1145-1161. [PMID: 29950399 PMCID: PMC6080896 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CaV1.1 is essential for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Its functional expression is tuned by numerous regulatory proteins, yet underlying modulatory mechanisms remain ambiguous as CaV1.1 fails to function in heterologous systems. In this study, by dissecting channel trafficking versus gating, we evaluated the requirements for functional CaV1.1 in heterologous systems. Although coexpression of the auxiliary β subunit is sufficient for surface-membrane localization, this baseline trafficking is weak, and channels elicit a diminished open probability. The regulatory proteins calmodulin and stac3 independently enhance channel trafficking and gating via their interaction with the CaV1.1 carboxy terminus. Myopathic stac3 mutations weaken channel binding and diminish trafficking. Our findings demonstrate that multiple regulatory proteins orchestrate CaV1.1 function via duplex mechanisms. Our work also furnishes insights into the pathophysiology of stac3-associated congenital myopathy and reveals novel avenues for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wanjun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY
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25
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Di Gioia SA, Shaaban S, Tüysüz B, Elcioglu NH, Chan WM, Robson CD, Ecklund K, Gilette NM, Hamzaoglu A, Tayfun GA, Traboulsi EI, Engle EC. Recessive MYF5 Mutations Cause External Ophthalmoplegia, Rib, and Vertebral Anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:115-124. [PMID: 29887215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MYF5 is member of the Myc-like basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family and, in cooperation with other myogenic regulatory factors MYOD and MYF5, is a key regulator of early stages of myogenesis. Here, we report three consanguineous families with biallelic homozygous loss-of-function mutations in MYF5 who define a clinical disorder characterized by congenital ophthalmoplegia with scoliosis and vertebral and rib anomalies. The clinical phenotype overlaps strikingly with that reported in several Myf5 knockout mouse models. Affected members of two families share a haploidentical region that contains a homozygous 10 bp frameshift mutation in exon 1 of MYF5 (c.23_32delAGTTCTCACC [p.Gln8Leufs∗86]) predicted to undergo nonsense-mediated decay. Affected members of the third family harbor a homozygous missense change in exon 1 of MYF5 (c.283C>T [p.Arg95Cys]). Using in vitro assays, we show that this missense mutation acts as a loss-of-function allele by impairing MYF5 DNA binding and nuclear localization. We performed whole-genome sequencing in one affected individual with the frameshift mutation and did not identify additional rare variants in the haploidentical region that might account for differences in severity among the families. These data support the direct role of MYF5 in rib, spine, and extraocular muscle formation in humans.
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Alrohaif H, Töpf A, Evangelista T, Lek M, McArthur D, Lochmüller H. Whole-exome sequencing identifies mutations in MYMK in a mild form of Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e226. [PMID: 29560417 PMCID: PMC5858950 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadil Alrohaif
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ana Töpf
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Monkol Lek
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel McArthur
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (H.A., A.T., T.E., H.L.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, England. Dr. Lochmüller is now with Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (M.L., D.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (M.L., D.M.), Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
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