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Apicella M, Battisti A, Pisaneschi E, Menghini D, Digilio MC, Vicari S. First report of Coffin-Siris Syndrome with SMARCB1 variant, normal intelligence and mild selective neuropsychological deficits: A case report and literature review. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38963150 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2372879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: The SMARCB1 gene encodes a subunit of the BRG1-Associated Factor (BAF) complex, and mutations in this gene have been linked to Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) type 3. CSS is characterized by a range of developmental disabilities, facial dysmorphic features, and feeding difficulties. There's been noted genotype-phenotype correlation in CSS, with cases involving SMARCB1 mutations often exhibiting more severe language impairment and intellectual disability. Method: We conducted a review of reported CSS type 3 cases and presented the first instance of CSS associated with a SMARCB1 variant wherein the patient exhibited normal intelligence and only mild selective neuropsychological deficits. The patient underwent evaluation for feeding challenges, growth delay, and dysmorphic features during their second year of life. Subsequently, CSS diagnosis was confirmed due to a de novo heterozygous c.568C > T (p.Arg190Trp) variant in the SMARCB1 gene. Due to learning difficulties, the patient underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, which was related to the retrospective reconstruction of her medical and developmental history. Results: The patient demonstrated normal intelligence and adaptive functioning, with specific deficits in arithmetic and selective difficulties in verbal learning and long-term memory. Feeding difficulties and language delay observed in early childhood showed significant improvement over time. Discussion: We discuss this case in relation to previously reported CSS type 3 cases, emphasizing neuropsychological aspects. It's evident that neuropsychological features of CSS can vary among affected individuals, highlighting the importance of personalized support and interventions tailored to specific cognitive and emotional needs by healthcare professionals. Our case suggests avenues for future research to identify specific modifiers of phenotypic expression to explain variability in intellect among patients and pinpoint potential targets for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Apicella
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Pisaneschi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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2
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Sarvas E, Fillmore WJ. Coffin-Siris syndrome: A case report and dental findings. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38858851 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Sarvas
- Pediatric Dentistry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Schrier Vergano SA. ARID2, a milder cause of Coffin-Siris Syndrome? Broadening the phenotype with 17 additional individuals. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63540. [PMID: 38243407 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS, MIM 135900) is now a well-described genetic condition caused by pathogenic variants in the Bromocriptine activating factor (BAF) complex, including ARID1B, ARID1A, ARID2, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, SMARCB1, SOX11, SMARCC2, DPF2, and more recently, BICRA. Individuals with CSS have a spectrum of various medical challenges, most often evident at birth, including feeding difficulties, hypotonia, organ-system anomalies, and learning and developmental differences. The classic finding of fifth digit hypo- or aplasia is seen variably. ARID2, previously described, is one of the less frequently observed gene changes in CSS. Although individuals with ARID2 have been reported to have classic features of CSS including hypertrichosis, coarse facial features, short stature, and fifth digit anomalies, as with many of the other CSS genes, there appears to be a spectrum of phenotypes. We report here a cohort of 17 individuals with ARID2 variants from the Coffin-Siris/BAF clinical registry and detail their medical challenges as well as developmental progress. Feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and short stature occur often, and hip dysplasia appears to occur more often than with other genes, however more severe medical challenges such as significant brain and cardiac malformations are rarer. Individuals appear to have mild to moderate intellectual impairment and may carry additional diagnoses such as ADHD. Further phenotypic description of this gene will aid clinicians caring for individuals with this rarer form of CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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4
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Schmetz A, Lüdecke HJ, Surowy H, Sivalingam S, Bruel AL, Caumes R, Charles P, Chatron N, Chrzanowska K, Codina-Solà M, Colson C, Cuscó I, Denommé-Pichon AS, Edery P, Faivre L, Green A, Heide S, Hsieh TC, Hustinx A, Kleinendorst L, Knopp C, Kraft F, Krawitz PM, Lasa-Aranzasti A, Lesca G, López-González V, Maraval J, Mignot C, Neuhann T, Netzer C, Oehl-Jaschkowitz B, Petit F, Philippe C, Posmyk R, Putoux A, Reis A, Sánchez-Soler MJ, Suh J, Tkemaladze T, Tran Mau Them F, Travessa A, Trujillano L, Valenzuela I, van Haelst MM, Vasileiou G, Vincent-Delorme C, Walther M, Verde P, Bramswig NC, Wieczorek D. Delineation of the adult phenotype of Coffin-Siris syndrome in 35 individuals. Hum Genet 2024; 143:71-84. [PMID: 38117302 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a rare multisystemic autosomal dominant disorder. Since 2012, alterations in genes of the SWI/SNF complex were identified as the molecular basis of CSS, studying largely pediatric cohorts. Therefore, there is a lack of information on the phenotype in adulthood, particularly on the clinical outcome in adulthood and associated risks. In an international collaborative effort, data from 35 individuals ≥ 18 years with a molecularly ascertained CSS diagnosis (variants in ARID1B, ARID2, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, SMARCC2, SMARCE1, SOX11, BICRA) using a comprehensive questionnaire was collected. Our results indicate that overweight and obesity are frequent in adults with CSS. Visual impairment, scoliosis, and behavioral anomalies are more prevalent than in published pediatric or mixed cohorts. Cognitive outcomes range from profound intellectual disability (ID) to low normal IQ, with most individuals having moderate ID. The present study describes the first exclusively adult cohort of CSS individuals. We were able to delineate some features of CSS that develop over time and have therefore been underrepresented in previously reported largely pediatric cohorts, and provide recommendations for follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Schmetz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hermann-Josef Lüdecke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sugirtahn Sivalingam
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Perrine Charles
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Codina-Solà
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cindy Colson
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ivon Cuscó
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe GENDEV, INSERM U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRANSLAD et Institut GIMI, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Andrew Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, and University College Dublin School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Solveig Heide
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Hustinx
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Knopp
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vanesa López-González
- Sección Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julien Maraval
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Netzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Christophe Philippe
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, CHR Metz Thionville, Hôpital Mercy, Metz, France
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe GENDEV, INSERM U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - María José Sánchez-Soler
- Sección Genética Médica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julia Suh
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases Aachen (ZSEA), 52076, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tinatin Tkemaladze
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau Them
- Inserm UMR1231 Team GAD, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
- Functional Unit of Innovative Diagnosis for Rare Diseases, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - André Travessa
- Medical Genetics Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Trujillano
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mona Walther
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Verde
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nuria C Bramswig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Valencia AM, Sankar A, van der Sluijs PJ, Satterstrom FK, Fu J, Talkowski ME, Vergano SAS, Santen GWE, Kadoch C. Landscape of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex perturbations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1400-1412. [PMID: 37500730 PMCID: PMC10412456 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing-based studies of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified a wide range of genetic determinants. However, a comprehensive analysis of these data, in aggregate, has not to date been performed. Here, we find that genes encoding the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF or BAF) family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein complexes harbor the greatest number of de novo missense and protein-truncating variants among nuclear protein complexes. Non-truncating NDD-associated protein variants predominantly disrupt the cBAF subcomplex and cluster in four key structural regions associated with high disease severity, including mSWI/SNF-nucleosome interfaces, the ATPase-core ARID-armadillo repeat (ARM) module insertion site, the Arp module and DNA-binding domains. Although over 70% of the residues perturbed in NDDs overlap with those mutated in cancer, ~60% of amino acid changes are NDD-specific. These findings provide a foundation to functionally group variants and link complex aberrancies to phenotypic severity, serving as a resource for the chromatin, clinical genetics and neurodevelopment communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo M Valencia
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshay Sankar
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jack Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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6
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Asadauskaitė G, Morkūnienė A, Utkus A, Burnytė B. Identification of a novel BICRA variant leading to the newly described Coffin-Siris syndrome 12. Brain Dev 2023; 45:185-190. [PMID: 36437209 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic heterozygous variants in BICRA have recently been identified in patients with SWI/SNF-related intellectual disability (SSRIDD) - Coffin-Siris syndrome 12. So far, only one article reported SSRIDD associated with pathogenic variants in BICRA. CASE PRESENTATION The patient's phenotype include low birth weight, microcephaly, neurodevelopment delay, visual, gastrointestinal, urinary tract impairment, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel pathogenic heterozygous variant in exon 6 of BICRA gene c.535C > T (p.(Gln179*)). Sanger sequencing confirmed de novo origin. CONCLUSION The clinical findings confirm and supplement the previous study which showed that pathogenic variant in BICRA is commonly characterized by neurodevelopmental, gastrointestinal, and ophthalmologic symptoms, growth retardation, as well as craniofacial dysmorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aušra Morkūnienė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Burnytė
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Rimoldi M, Rinaldi B, Villa R, Cerasani J, Beltrami B, Iascone M, Silipigni R, Boito S, Gangi S, Colombo L, Porro M, Cesaretti C, Bedeschi MF. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Coffin Siris syndrome: Further evidence from two cases. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:605-611. [PMID: 36416235 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare multi-system dominant condition with a variable clinical presentation mainly characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of the nail and/or distal phalanx of the fifth digit, coarse facies, hirsutism/hypertrichosis, developmental delay and intellectual disability of variable degree and growth impairment. Congenital anomalies may include cardiac, genitourinary and central nervous system malformations whereas congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rarely reported. The genes usually involved in CSS pathogenesis are ARID1B (most frequently), SMARCA4, SMARCB1, ARID1A, SMARCE1, DPF2, and PHF6. Here, we present two cases of CSS presenting with CDH, for whom Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) identified two distinct de novo heterozygous causative variants, one in ARID1B (case 1) and one in SMARCA4 (case 2). Due to the rarity of CDH in CSS, in both cases the occurrence of CDH did not represent a predictive sign of CSS but, on the other hand, prompted genetic testing before (case 1) or independently (case 2) from the clinical hypothesis of CSS. We provide further evidence of the association between CSS and CDH, reviewed previous cases from literature and discuss possible functional links to related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rimoldi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Berardo Rinaldi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Villa
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Cerasani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Beltrami
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Silipigni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Boito
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fetal Medicine and Surgery Service, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Gangi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Porro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cesaretti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Medical Genetics Unit, Milan, Italy
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CARNEIRO VF, MACHADO RA, BARBOSA MC, DIAS VO, MARTELLI DRB, MARTELLI-JÚNIOR H. Dental anomalies in syndromes displaying hypertrichosis in the clinical spectrum. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e030. [PMID: 37018811 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrichosis and dental anomalies may occur alone or in combination in the spectrum of many syndromes. To identify genetic entities characterized by hypertrichosis and dental anomalies, a search was performed in the Mendelian Inheritance in Man database with the terms "hypertrichosis" or "hirsutism" and "tooth" or "dental abnormalities." Nondependent androgen metabolism disturbances were classified as hypertrichosis. Genetic entities with hypertrichosis and dental anomalies were included in the study. Additional searches were performed in the PubMed and Orphanet databases, when necessary, in order to include data from scientific articles. An integrative analysis of the genes associated with the identified syndromes was conducted using STRING to characterize biological processes, pathways, and interactive networks. The p-values were subjected to the false discovery rate for the correction of multiple tests. Thirty-nine syndromes were identified, and dental agenesis was the most frequent dental anomaly present in 41.02% (n = 16) of the syndromes. Causative genes were identified in 33 out of 39 genetic syndromes. Among them, 39 genes were identified, and 38 were analyzed by STRING, which showed 148 biological processes and three pathways that were statistically significant. The most significant biological processes were the disassembly of the nucleosome (GO:0006337, p = 1.09e-06), chromosomal organization (GO:0051276, p = 1.09e-06) and remodeling of the chromatin (GO: 0006338, p = 7.86e-06), and the pathways were hepatocellular carcinoma (hsa05225, p = 5.77e-05), thermogenesis (hsa04714, p = 0.00019), and cell cycle (hsa04110, p = 0.0433). Our results showed that the identification of hypertrichosis and dental anomalies may raise the suspicion of one of the thirty-nine syndromes with both phenotypes.
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9
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Ciliberto M, Skjei K, Vasko A, Schrier Vergano S. Epilepsy in Coffin-Siris syndrome: A report from the international CSS registry and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:22-28. [PMID: 36177969 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM135900) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the BAF complex; up to 28% of patients have previously been reported to have seizures, however, a comprehensive review of epilepsy has not been undertaken in this population. The International CSS Patient Report Database was queried for patients with self-reported seizures, epilepsy, and EEG results. Data gathered included demographic data, pathogenic gene variants, seizure characteristics and treatments, and EEG findings. In addition, a PubMed search was performed using keywords "Coffin-Siris syndrome" and "epilepsy," "seizures," or "EEG." Results from relevant papers are reported. Twenty-four (7.2%) of 334 patients in the database reported having seizures, EEG abnormalities, and/or epilepsy. Median age of seizure onset was 2. 7 years. Fifteen of the 23 patients with seizures or epilepsy had an ARID1B causative variant. Seventeen patients (5.1%) reported EEG abnormalities, the majority of which were described as focal or multifocal (87.5%). In all but one patient, seizures were controlled on antiseizure medications (ASMs). The literature review yielded 311 unique CSS patients, 82 of which (26.4%) carried diagnoses of seizures or epilepsy. Details on seizure type(s), EEG findings, and response to treatment were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ciliberto
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karen Skjei
- The El Paso Center for Seizures and Epilepsy, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley Vasko
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Samantha Schrier Vergano
- Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.,Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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10
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Mouskou S, Leka-Emiri S, Korona A, Mastroyanni S, Manolakos E, Papoulidis I, Sekouris N, Katerelos A, Katsarou-Pectasides E, Voudris K. Growth Hormone Deficiency due to p.(Gln467Argfs*64) Mutation in the ARID1B Gene in a Girl with Coffin-Siris Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2022; 13:425-432. [PMID: 36588753 PMCID: PMC9801320 DOI: 10.1159/000522532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) (MIM #135900) is an extremely rare genetic multisystemic disorder characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the upper phalanx of the fifth finger, moderate to severe cognitive and/or developmental delay, and characteristic facial features (thick lashes, hypertrichosis of the trunk, sparse hair). Congenital anomalies of the brain, kidney, and heart have been described but are less consistent across patients. Case presentation We report a case of a 12-year-5-month-old girl with the clinical features of CSS, severe scoliosis, and epilepsy. Growth hormone deficiency was diagnosed at the age of 9 years. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment was started that resulted in a significant improvement of the growth velocity up to 5.4 cm/year (>90-97th centile). Next-generation sequencing identified a mutation in the ARID1B gene. Discusion Despite its phenotypic heterogeneity, key features of CSS have become clearer and along with molecular diagnosis, a further global approach to improve the care of these individuals is enabled. Appropriate therapies for this population are needed to optimize growth and intellectual potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mouskou
- Department of Neurology, ‘P & A Kyriakou’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece,*Stella Mouskou,
| | - Sofia Leka-Emiri
- Department of Endocrinology-Growth and Development, ‘P & A Kyriakou’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Korona
- Department of Neurology, ‘P & A Kyriakou’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Mastroyanni
- Department of Neurology, ‘P & A Kyriakou’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Nick Sekouris
- Department of Orthopedics, “KAT” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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11
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Gofin Y, Zhao X, Gerard A, Scaglia F, Wangler MF, Vergano SAS, Scott DA. Evidence for an association between Coffin-Siris syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2718-2723. [PMID: 35796094 PMCID: PMC9378577 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental syndrome that can present with a variety of structural birth defects. Pathogenic variants in 12 genes have been shown to cause CSS. Most of these genes encode proteins that are a part of the mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (mSWI/SNF; BAF) complex. An association between genes that cause CSS and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been suggested based on case reports and the analysis of CSS and CDH cohorts. Here, we describe an unpublished individual with CSS and CDH, and we report additional clinical information on four published cases. Data from these individuals, and a review of the literature, provide evidence that deleterious variants in ARID1B, ARID1A, SMARCB1, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, ARID2, DPF2, and SMARCC2, which are associated with CSS types 1-8, respectively, are associated with the development of CDH. This suggests that additional genetic testing to identify a separate cause of CDH in an individual with CSS may be unwarranted, and that comprehensive genetic testing for individuals with non-isolated CDH should include an evaluation of CSS-related genes. These data also suggest that the mSWI/SNF (BAF) complex may play an important role in diaphragm development.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Face/abnormalities
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/complications
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/diagnosis
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/genetics
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/pathology
- Humans
- Intellectual Disability/pathology
- Micrognathism/genetics
- Micrognathism/pathology
- Neck/abnormalities
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Gofin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Amanda Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of The King’s Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Sofronova V, Fukushima Y, Masuno M, Naka M, Nagata M, Ishihara Y, Miyashita Y, Asano Y, Moriwaki T, Iwata R, Terawaki S, Yamanouchi Y, Otomo T. A novel nonsense variant in ARID1B causing simultaneous RNA decay and exon skipping is associated with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35879281 PMCID: PMC9314373 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a congenital disorder that is characterized by an absent/hypoplastic fifth distal phalanx, psychomotor developmental delay, and coarse facial features. One of the causative genes, ARID1B (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B), encodes components of the BAF chromatin remodeling complexes. Here, we report a case of a 3-year 8-month-old male with a novel nonsense variant (NM_001374820.1:c.4282C > T, p.(Gln1428*)) in the ARID1B gene, which was identified with whole-exome sequencing. He showed clinical symptoms of cleft soft palate, distinctive facial features (flat nasal bridge, thick eyebrows, and long eyelashes), right cryptorchidism, and hypertrichosis that partially overlapped with CSS. One of the most characteristic features of CSS is absent/hypoplastic fifth distal phalanx. He showed no obvious clinical finding in the lengths of his fingers or in the formation of his fingernails. However, radiographic analyses of the metacarpophalangeal bones revealed shortening of all the distal phalanges and fifth middle phalanges, suggesting brachydactyly. We performed mRNA analyses and revealed that both nonsense-mediated decay and nonsense-associated altered splicing were simultaneously caused by the c.4282C > T nonsense variant. The proband's clinical manifestations fit the previously reported criteria of disease for CSS or intellectual disability with ARID1B variant. Altogether, we suggest that c.4282C > T is a pathogenic variant that causes this clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Sofronova
- grid.415086.e0000 0001 1014 2000Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan ,grid.440700.70000 0004 0556 741XLaboratory of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Yu Fukushima
- grid.415664.40000 0004 0641 4765Division of Neonatology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Masuno
- grid.415106.70000 0004 0641 4861Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan ,grid.412082.d0000 0004 0371 4682Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Mami Naka
- grid.412082.d0000 0004 0371 4682Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Miho Nagata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishihara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (IRUD Analysis Center), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahito Moriwaki
- grid.415086.e0000 0001 1014 2000Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Rina Iwata
- grid.415086.e0000 0001 1014 2000Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seigo Terawaki
- grid.415086.e0000 0001 1014 2000Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamanouchi
- grid.415106.70000 0004 0641 4861Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan ,grid.412082.d0000 0004 0371 4682Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otomo
- grid.415086.e0000 0001 1014 2000Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan ,grid.415106.70000 0004 0641 4861Department of Medical Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
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13
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Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to the Etiology of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Review and Novel Cases. J Pediatr 2022; 246:251-265.e2. [PMID: 35314152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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14
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Rare Disorders: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Planning for Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061527. [PMID: 35329854 PMCID: PMC8954363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The available literature on the orthodontic treatment of patients with rare disorders is extremely scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment of a group of 94 individuals with rare diseases, referred for orthodontic evaluation to a university special care dentistry center (University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain). We created a control group of 94 systemically healthy individuals, paired by sex and age range. For all participants, we recorded their dental and skeletal abnormalities, oromotor dysfunctions and the characteristics of their orthodontic treatment. Some of the morphological and functional abnormalities were more prevalent in the rare disorders group than in the control group, including dental agenesis, microdontia, enamel defects, maxillary hypoplasia, overbite, cleft lip/palate, mouth breathing, atypical swallowing, lingual/labial interposition, labial incompetence, modified consistency diet, bruxism, and muscle tone abnormalities. Compared with the control group, the 56 patients with rare disorders who underwent orthodontic treatment required more desensitization sessions, used mixed appliances (fixed and removable) more often and for longer periods and had more frequent complications, such as gingivitis, caries, mucosal ulcers and recurrent debonding of the device. In conclusion, for selected patients with rare disorders, it is feasible to perform orthodontic treatment, whose planning will be determined by the dental-skeletal abnormalities and oromotor dysfunctions. Although complications are more frequent, they can typically be solved without having to stop treatment.
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15
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Scott DA, Gofin Y, Berry AM, Adams AD. Underlying genetic etiologies of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:373-386. [PMID: 35037267 PMCID: PMC8924940 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is often detectable prenatally. Advances in genetic testing have made it possible to obtain a molecular diagnosis in many fetuses with CDH. Here, we review the aneuploidies, copy number variants (CNVs), and single genes that have been clearly associated with CDH. We suggest that array-based CNV analysis, with or without a chromosome analysis, is the optimal test for identifying chromosomal abnormalities and CNVs in fetuses with CDH. To identify causative sequence variants, whole exome sequencing (WES) is the most comprehensive strategy currently available. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) with CNV analysis has the potential to become the most efficient and effective means of identifying an underlying diagnosis but is not yet routinely available for prenatal diagnosis. We describe how to overcome and address the diagnostic and clinical uncertainty that may remain after genetic testing, and review how a molecular diagnosis may impact recurrence risk estimations, mortality rates, and the availability and outcomes of fetal therapy. We conclude that after the prenatal detection of CDH, patients should be counseled about the possible genetic causes of the CDH, and the genetic testing modalities available to them, in accordance with generally accepted guidelines for pretest counseling in the prenatal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl A. Scott
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030,
USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Correspondence: Daryl A. Scott, R813, One Baylor
Plaza. BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Phone: +1 713-203-7242,
| | - Yoel Gofin
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030,
USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aliska M. Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - April D. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of
Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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16
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Martin Merlez F, González Zalazar M, Castillo Taucher S. Frameshift Variant in ARID2 in a Chilean Individual with Coffin–Siris Syndrome Phenotype. J Pediatr Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCoffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) is one of the several causes of intellectual disability (ID) and, since its first description, has posed diagnostic challenges given its variability and phenotypic overlap with other alterations of chromatin-remodeling-associated syndromes. It is genetically heterogeneous, and causative mutations are detected in less than 70% of cases. The different subtypes of the syndrome described to date are caused by mutations in genes that encode subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, which plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression during embryogenesis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has allowed the identification of pathogenic mutations in these genes, including ARID2. ARID2 is one of the primary components of the SWI/SNF complex and has been associated with ID and phenotypes similar to CSS for the first time in 2015. Fifteen published case reports have identified loss-of-function mutations, suggesting that the underlying pathogenic disease mechanism is haploinsufficiency of ARID2.We herein presented the case of an 8-year-old Chilean girl with clinical suspicion of CSS, in whom a novel frameshift variant in ARID2 was identified by WES. She was the first reported case in Latin America to our knowledge and her phenotype displays the main clinical features suggestive of CSS described in other patients with ARID2 variants. However, she did not present behavioral abnormalities, a characteristic frequently reported in the majority of patients with ARID2 variants, and also had some features, such as sparse scalp hair, which is frequently reported as a manifestation of CSS, but is uncommon in this new group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Castillo Taucher
- Division of Genetics, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Laboratory Division Cytogenetics, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Lee Y, Choi Y, Seo GH, Kim GH, Keum C, Kim YM, Do HS, Choi J, Choi IH, Yoo HW, Lee BH. Phenotypic and molecular spectra of patients with switch/sucrose nonfermenting complex-related intellectual disability disorders in Korea. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:254. [PMID: 34706719 PMCID: PMC8555129 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The switch/sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex is an adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex associated with the regulation of DNA accessibility. Germline mutations in the components of the SWI/SNF complex are related to human developmental disorders, including the Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS), Nicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS), and nonsyndromic intellectual disability. These disorders are collectively referred to as SWI/SNF complex-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs). Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 564 Korean patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Twelve patients with SSRIDDs (2.1%) were identified and their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Results ARID1B, found in eight patients, was the most frequently altered gene. Four patients harbored pathogenic variants in SMARCA4, SMARCB1, ARID2, and SMARCA2. Ten patients were diagnosed with CSS, and one patient without a typical phenotype was diagnosed with ARID1B-related nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Another patient harboring the SMARCA2 pathogenic variant was diagnosed with NCBRS. All pathogenic variants in ARID1B were truncating, whereas variants in SMARCA2, SMARCB1, and SMARCA4 were nontruncating (missense). Frequently observed phenotypes were thick eyebrows (10/12), hypertrichosis (8/12), coarse face (8/12), thick lips (8/12), and long eyelashes (8/12). Developmental delay was observed in all patients, and profound speech delay was also characteristic. Agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum was observed in half of the patients (6/12). Conclusions SSRIDDs have a broad disease spectrum, including NCBRS, CSS, and ARID1B-related nonsyndromic intellectual disability. Thus, SSRIDDs should be considered as a small but important cause of human developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gu-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoo-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Do
- Genome Research Center for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Genome Research Center for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Choi
- Department of Genetic Counseling, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Medical Genetics Center, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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19
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Abstract
Autism is a common and complex neurologic disorder whose scientific underpinnings have begun to be established in the past decade. The essence of this breakthrough has been a focus on families, where genetic analyses are strongest, versus large-scale, case-control studies. Autism genetics has progressed in parallel with technology, from analyses of copy number variation to whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Gene mutations causing complete loss of function account for perhaps one-third of cases, largely detected through WES. This limitation has increased interest in understanding the regulatory variants of genes that contribute in more subtle ways to the disorder. Strategies combining biochemical analysis of gene regulation, WGS analysis of the noncoding genome, and machine learning have begun to succeed. The emerging picture is that careful control of the amounts of transcription, mRNA, and proteins made by key brain genes-stoichiometry-plays a critical role in defining the clinical features of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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20
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Li D, Wang Q, Gong NN, Kurolap A, Feldman HB, Boy N, Brugger M, Grand K, McWalter K, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Wakeling E, Hurst J, March ME, Bhoj EJ, Nowaczyk MJM, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Mathew M, Dava-Wala A, Siemon A, Bartholomew D, Huang Y, Lee H, Martinez-Agosto JA, Schwaibold EMC, Brunet T, Choukair D, Pais LS, White SM, Christodoulou J, Brown D, Lindstrom K, Grebe T, Tiosano D, Kayser MS, Tan TY, Deardorff MA, Song Y, Hakonarson H. Pathogenic variants in SMARCA5, a chromatin remodeler, cause a range of syndromic neurodevelopmental features. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabf2066. [PMID: 33980485 PMCID: PMC8115915 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability encompasses a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, with many linked genetic loci. However, the underlying molecular mechanism for more than 50% of the patients remains elusive. We describe pathogenic variants in SMARCA5, encoding the ATPase motor of the ISWI chromatin remodeler, as a cause of a previously unidentified neurodevelopmental disorder, identifying 12 individuals with de novo or dominantly segregating rare heterozygous variants. Accompanying phenotypes include mild developmental delay, frequent postnatal short stature and microcephaly, and recurrent dysmorphic features. Loss of function of the SMARCA5 Drosophila ortholog Iswi led to smaller body size, reduced sensory dendrite complexity, and tiling defects in larvae. In adult flies, Iswi neural knockdown caused decreased brain size, aberrant mushroom body morphology, and abnormal locomotor function. Iswi loss of function was rescued by wild-type but not mutant SMARCA5. Our results demonstrate that SMARCA5 pathogenic variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome with mild facial dysmorphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Qin Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naihua N Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alina Kurolap
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Baris Feldman
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikolas Boy
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Brugger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital LMU Munich, Goethestr. 29, Munich, Germany
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Hurst
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael E March
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Małgorzata J M Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mariam Mathew
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashita Dava-Wala
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Siemon
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dennis Bartholomew
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Human Genetics; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Human Genetics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eva M C Schwaibold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Human Genetics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Choukair
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lynn S Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dana Brown
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristin Lindstrom
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Theresa Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, 475 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dov Tiosano
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Min Z, Qian C, Ying D. Novel ARID1B variant inherited from somatogonadal mosaic mother in siblings with Coffin-Siris syndrome 1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:614. [PMID: 33936271 PMCID: PMC8082577 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome1 (CSS1; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man no. 135900) is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by intellectual and/or developmental delay, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails and/or toenails. AT-rich interaction domain-containing protein 1B (ARID1B) is the most frequently mutated gene in CSS1 and the majority of reported cases have been sporadic. Using whole-exome sequencing, the present study identified two siblings with CSS1 with a novel heterozygous co-segregating pathogenic variant in the ARID1B gene (c.3468_3471del). Additionally, the current study confirmed a 4% somatic ARID1B mosaicism in the patient's mother. The results expanded the spectrum of known ARID1B pathogenic variants. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide experimental evidence that an ARID1B pathogenic variant can be inherited from a clinically healthy somatogonadal mosaic mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Min
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 409000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Dai Ying
- Pediatric Research Institute, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Primary Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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22
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Cheng SSW, Luk HM, Mok MTS, Leung SS, Lo IFM. Genotype and phenotype in 18 Chinese patients with Coffin-Siris syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2250-2261. [PMID: 33768696 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM# 1359200) is a multisystem congenital disorder characterized by coarse facial features, hypoplasia of the fifth digits and nails, and intellectual disability. It is a genetically heterogeneous condition caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the BAF (BRG1-associated factors) chromatin modeling complex and its downstream transcriptional factor. To date over 220 CSS individuals with pathogenic variants found have been described in the literature. This case series reported 18 molecularly confirmed Chinese individuals (17 with ARIDIB (OMIM*614556) variants and one with SMARCB1 (OMIM*601607) variant) from 17 unrelated families in Hong Kong. The clinical features of these 18 Chinese CSS patients together with two previously reported Chinese patients with ARID1B variants were reviewed. Among the 19 Chinese patients with ARID1B variants, our data suggested a lower prevalence of feeding problem, autistic features, agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) or partial/hypoplasia of corpus callosum, and sparse hair when compared with previous reports. There was appearing higher prevalence of digital hypoplasia. Digital hypoplasia was observed to become less noticeable with time in some patients. This report highlighted the age-dependent phenotypic presentation of CSS and ethnicity-related effect on ARID1B-CSS phenotype. Moreover, this series included the first family with molecularly confirmed maternal somatic mosaicism of ARID1B variant leading to familial CSS recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S W Cheng
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Ming Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Myth Tsz-Shun Mok
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha-Sha Leung
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
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23
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McCague EA, Lamichhane R, Holt N, Schrier Vergano SA. Growth charts for individuals with
Coffin‐Siris
syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2253-2262. [PMID: 32851773 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. McCague
- Master of Public Health Program Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia USA
| | - Rajan Lamichhane
- Department of Clinical Translational Sciences Marshall University Huntington West Virginia USA
| | - Nicole Holt
- Master of Public Health Program Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia USA
| | - Samantha A. Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters Norfolk Virginia USA
- Department of Pediatrics Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia USA
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24
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Li D, Ahrens-Nicklas RC, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calhoun A, Cohen JS, Deardorff MA, Fernández-Jaén A, Kamien B, Jain M, Mckenzie F, Mintz M, Motter C, Niles K, Ritter A, Rogers C, Roifman M, Townshend S, Ward-Melver C, Schrier Vergano SA. The variability of SMARCA4-related Coffin-Siris syndrome: Do nonsense candidate variants add to milder phenotypes? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2058-2067. [PMID: 32686290 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SMARCA4 encodes a central ATPase subunit in the BRG1-/BRM-associated factors (BAF) or polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex in humans, which is responsible in part for chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. Variants in this and other genes encoding BAF/PBAF complexes have been implicated in Coffin-Siris Syndrome, a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome classically characterized by learning and developmental differences, coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, and underdevelopment of the fifth digits/nails of the hands and feet. Individuals with SMARCA4 variants have been previously reported and appear to display a variable phenotype. We describe here a cohort of 15 unrelated individuals with SMARCA4 variants from the Coffin-Siris syndrome/BAF pathway disorders registry who further display variability in severity and degrees of learning impairment and health issues. Within this cohort, we also report two individuals with novel nonsense variants who appear to have a phenotype of milder learning/behavioral differences and no organ-system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca C Ahrens-Nicklas
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janice Baker
- Genomic Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- Genomic Medicine, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy Calhoun
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie S Cohen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiona Mckenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Mintz
- CNNH NeuroHealth and the Clinical Research Center of New Jersey, Voorhees, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Niles
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alyssa Ritter
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Curtis Rogers
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maian Roifman
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharron Townshend
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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25
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Recurrent SMARCB1 Mutations Reveal a Nucleosome Acidic Patch Interaction Site That Potentiates mSWI/SNF Complex Chromatin Remodeling. Cell 2019; 179:1342-1356.e23. [PMID: 31759698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian switch/sucrose non-fermentable (mSWI/SNF) complexes are multi-component machines that remodel chromatin architecture. Dissection of the subunit- and domain-specific contributions to complex activities is needed to advance mechanistic understanding. Here, we examine the molecular, structural, and genome-wide regulatory consequences of recurrent, single-residue mutations in the putative coiled-coil C-terminal domain (CTD) of the SMARCB1 (BAF47) subunit, which cause the intellectual disability disorder Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS), and are recurrently found in cancers. We find that the SMARCB1 CTD contains a basic α helix that binds directly to the nucleosome acidic patch and that all CSS-associated mutations disrupt this binding. Furthermore, these mutations abrogate mSWI/SNF-mediated nucleosome remodeling activity and enhancer DNA accessibility without changes in genome-wide complex localization. Finally, heterozygous CSS-associated SMARCB1 mutations result in dominant gene regulatory and morphologic changes during iPSC-neuronal differentiation. These studies unmask an evolutionarily conserved structural role for the SMARCB1 CTD that is perturbed in human disease.
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26
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Dsouza NR, Zimmermann MT, Geddes GC. A case of Coffin-Siris syndrome with severe congenital heart disease and a novel SMARCA4 variant. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a003962. [PMID: 31160358 PMCID: PMC6549553 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) is a developmental disability, caused by genomic variants in the gene SMARCA4, in addition to other known genes, but the full spectrum of SMARCA4 variants that can cause CSS is unknown with 40% of cases not having molecular confirmation. In this report, we identify a patient with CSS, a severe cardiac phenotype, and a novel SMARCA4 variant. There is no experimental structure of human SMARCA4, so we use molecular modeling techniques to generate a structural model of human SMARCA4. We then map known SMARCA4 variants causative of CSS and our novel variant to the model. We use the resulting information to support the interpretation that the novel variant is causative of disease in our patient. Modeling demonstrates that the variant found in our patient is in a region of SMARCA4 associated with DNA binding, as are the other known pathogenic SMARCA4 variants mapped. Because of this structural information, we discuss how these variants may be disease-causing through a dominant negative effect of disrupting DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita R Dsouza
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Gabrielle C Geddes
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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