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Rengarajan S, Derks J, Bellott DW, Slavov N, Page DC. Post-transcriptional cross- and auto-regulation buffer expression of the human RNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602613. [PMID: 39026797 PMCID: PMC11257633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The Y-linked gene DDX3Y and its X-linked homolog DDX3X survived the evolution of the human sex chromosomes from ordinary autosomes. DDX3X encodes a multi-functional RNA helicase, with mutations causing developmental disorders and cancers. We find that, among X-linked genes with surviving Y homologs, DDX3X is extraordinarily dosage-sensitive. Studying cells of individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidy, we observe that when the number of Y chromosomes increases, DDX3X transcript levels fall; conversely, when the number of X chromosomes increases, DDX3Y transcript levels fall. In 46,XY cells, CRISPRi knockdown of either DDX3X or DDX3Y causes transcript levels of the homologous gene to rise. In 46,XX cells, chemical inhibition of DDX3X protein activity elicits an increase in DDX3X transcript levels. Thus, perturbation of either DDX3X or DDX3Y expression is buffered - by negative cross-regulation of DDX3X and DDX3Y in 46,XY cells, and by negative auto-regulation of DDX3X in 46,XX cells. DDX3X-DDX3Y cross-regulation is mediated through mRNA destabilization - as shown by metabolic labeling of newly transcribed RNA - and buffers total levels of DDX3X and DDX3Y protein in human cells. We infer that post-transcriptional auto-regulation of the ancestral (autosomal) DDX3 gene transmuted into auto- and cross-regulation of DDX3X and DDX3Y as these sex-linked genes evolved from ordinary alleles of their autosomal precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Rengarajan
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason Derks
- Departments of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single Cell Proteomics Center, and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nikolai Slavov
- Departments of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single Cell Proteomics Center, and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Page
- Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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2
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Cioffi L, Grassi D, Diviccaro S, Caruso D, Pinto-Benito D, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC, Giatti S. Sex chromosome complement interacts with gonadal hormones in determining regional-specific neuroactive steroid levels in plasma, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. A study using the four core genotype mouse model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106514. [PMID: 38554982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
An important aspect of the neuromodulatory and neuroprotective actions exerted by neuroactive steroids is that they are sex-specific, as determined by the sexually dimorphic levels of these molecules in plasma and the nervous tissue. Thus, the identification of the factors that generate the sex-dimorphic levels of neuroactive steroids may be crucial from a neuroprotectant perspective. The main driver for sex determination in mammals is the SRY gene and the subsequent presence of a specific gonad: testes for males and ovaries for females, thus producing hormonal compounds, primarily androgens and estrogens, respectively. Nowadays, it is well established that despite the relevance of gonads, other factors control sexual features, and, among them, sex chromosome complement is highly relevant. In this study, neuroactive steroids were evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and plasma of the four core genotype mouse model, to determine the relative contribution of sex chromosome complement and gonads in determining their sex dimorphic levels. The data obtained reveal that although gonads are the main contributing factor for sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels, the levels of some neuroactive steroids, including testosterone, are also influenced in brain and plasma by tissue-specific actions of sex chromosomes. The data presented here adds a new piece to the puzzle of steroid level regulation, which may be useful in designing sex-specific neuroprotective approaches to pathological conditions affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniel Pinto-Benito
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
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3
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Forbes EJ, Morison LD, Lelik F, Howell T, Debono S, Goel H, Burger P, Mandel JL, Geneviève D, Amor DJ, Morgan AT. Speech and language in DDX3X-neurodevelopmental disorder: A call for early augmentative and alternative communication intervention. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32971. [PMID: 38421120 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in DDX3X are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Communication impairments are commonly reported, yet specific speech and language diagnoses have not been delineated, preventing prognostic counseling and targeted therapies. Here, we characterized speech and language in 38 female individuals, aged 1.69-24.34 years, with pathogenic and likely pathogenic DDX3X variants (missense, n = 13; nonsense, n = 12; frameshift, n = 7; splice site, n = 3; synonymous, n = 2; deletion, n = 1). Standardized speech, language, motor, social, and adaptive behavior assessments were administered. All participants had gross motor deficits in infancy (34/34), and fine motor deficits were common throughout childhood (94%; 32/34). Intellectual disability was reported in 86% (24/28) of participants over 4 years of age. Expressive, receptive, and social communication skills were, on average, severely impaired. However, receptive language was significantly stronger than expressive language ability. Over half of the assessed participants were minimally verbal (66%; 22/33; range = 2 years 2 months-24 years 4 months; mean = 8 years; SD = 6 years) and augmented speech with sign language, gestures, or digital devices. A quarter of the cohort had childhood apraxia of speech (25%; 9/36). Despite speech and language impairments, social motivation was a relevant strength. Many participants used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), underscoring the need for early, tailored, and comprehensive AAC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana J Forbes
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lottie D Morison
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fatma Lelik
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan Howell
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Debono
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Himanshu Goel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pauline Burger
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Department of Neurogenetics and Translational Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Génétique Clinique, Départment de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier University, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement SOOR, Montpellier, France
| | - David J Amor
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Speech & Language, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Rosa E Silva I, Smetana JHC, de Oliveira JF. A comprehensive review on DDX3X liquid phase condensation in health and neurodevelopmental disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129330. [PMID: 38218270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
DEAD-box helicases are global regulators of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process that assembles membraneless organelles inside cells. An outstanding member of the DEAD-box family is DDX3X, a multi-functional protein that plays critical roles in RNA metabolism, including RNA transcription, splicing, nucleocytoplasmic export, and translation. The diverse functions of DDX3X result from its ability to bind and remodel RNA in an ATP-dependent manner. This capacity enables the protein to act as an RNA chaperone and an RNA helicase, regulating ribonucleoprotein complex assembly. DDX3X and its orthologs from mouse, yeast (Ded1), and C. elegans (LAF-1) can undergo LLPS, driving the formation of neuronal granules, stress granules, processing bodies or P-granules. DDX3X has been related to several human conditions, including neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Although the research into the pathogenesis of aberrant biomolecular condensation in neurodegenerative diseases is increasing rapidly, the role of LLPS in neurodevelopmental disorders is underexplored. This review summarizes current findings relevant for DDX3X phase separation in neurodevelopment and examines how disturbances in the LLPS process can be related to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rosa E Silva
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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5
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Ruault V, Burger P, Gradels‐Hauguel J, Ruiz N, Jamra RA, Afenjar A, Alembik Y, Alessandri J, Arpin S, Barcia G, Bendová Š, Bruel A, Charles P, Chatron N, Chopra M, Conrad S, Daire VC, Cospain A, Coubes C, Coursimault J, Delahaye‐Duriez A, Doco M, Dufour W, Durand B, Engel C, Faivre L, Ferroul F, Fradin M, Frenkiel H, Fusco C, Garavelli L, Garde A, Gerard B, Germanaud D, Goujon L, Gouronc A, Ginglinger E, Goldenberg A, Hancarova M, Havlovicová M, Heron D, Isidor B, Marçais NJ, Keren B, Koch‐Hogrebe M, Kuentz P, Lamure V, Lebre A, Lecoquierre F, Lehman N, Lesca G, Lyonnet S, Martin D, Mignot C, Neuhann TM, Nicolas G, Nizon M, Petit F, Philippe C, Piton A, Pollazzon M, Prchalová D, Putoux A, Rio M, Rondeau S, Rossi M, Sabbagh Q, Saugier‐Veber P, Schmetz A, Steffann J, Thauvin‐Robinet C, Toutain A, Them FTM, Trimarchi G, Vincent M, Vlčková M, Wieczorek D, Willems M, Yauy K, Zelinová M, Ziegler A, Chaumette B, Sadikovic B, Mandel J, Geneviève D. Lessons from two series by physicians and caregivers' self-reported data in DDX3X-related disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2363. [PMID: 38284452 PMCID: PMC10801341 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS We report two series of individuals with DDX3X variations, one (48 individuals) from physicians and one (44 individuals) from caregivers. RESULTS These two series include several symptoms in common, with fairly similar distribution, which suggests that caregivers' data are close to physicians' data. For example, both series identified early childhood symptoms that were not previously described: feeding difficulties, mean walking age, and age at first words. DISCUSSION Each of the two datasets provides complementary knowledge. We confirmed that symptoms are similar to those in the literature and provides more details on feeding difficulties. Caregivers considered that the symptom attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were most worrisome. Both series also reported sleep disturbance. Recently, anxiety has been reported in individuals with DDX3X variants. We strongly suggest that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and sleep disorders need to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ruault
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Pauline Burger
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104IllkirchFrance
| | - Johanna Gradels‐Hauguel
- Center for Rare Psychiatric Disorders – GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences – Paris – France APHPGHU Sainte AnneParisFrance
| | - Nathalie Ruiz
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Département de Génétique ParisCentre de Référence Malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Yves Alembik
- Service de Génétique MédicaleInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Stéphanie Arpin
- Genetics DepartmentUniversity Hospital, UMR1253 iBrain INSERM, University of ToursToursFrance
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Šárka Bendová
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Ange‐Line Bruel
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- UFR Des Sciences de SantéINSERM‐Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement”, FHUTRANSLADDijonFrance
| | | | - Nicolas Chatron
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I UniversityLyonFrance
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PNMG)UCBL, CNRS UMR5261 – INSERM U1315LyonFrance
| | - Maya Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience CenterBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Genetic DepartmentHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Solène Conrad
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Nantes, Service de GénétiqueNantesFrance
| | - Valérie Cormier Daire
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Auriane Cospain
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Rennes, Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest CRDIRennesFrance
| | - Christine Coubes
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Juliette Coursimault
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental DisordersUniversity of Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, CHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Andrée Delahaye‐Duriez
- Medical Genomics and Clinical Genetics UnitAP‐HP, Hôpital Jean VerdierBondyFrance
- Genetic DepartmentUFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
- Genetic DepartmentInserm 1141 NeuroDiderotParisFrance
| | - Martine Doco
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Nantes, Service de GénétiqueNantesFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ReimsPôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Service de GénétiqueReimsFrance
| | - William Dufour
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I UniversityLyonFrance
| | - Benjamin Durand
- Service de Génétique MédicaleInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Camille Engel
- Oncobiologie Génétique BioinformatiquePC BIO, CHU BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », FHU TRANSLADHôpital d'Enfants, CHU DijonDijonFrance
| | - Fanny Ferroul
- CHU La Réunion, Service de génétiqueSaint DenisFrance
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Rennes, Service de Génétique, CLAD Ouest CRDIRennesFrance
- CH Saint Brieuc, Service de GénétiqueSaint BrieuxFrance
| | | | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Aurore Garde
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », FHU TRANSLADHôpital d'Enfants, CHU DijonDijonFrance
| | - Bénédicte Gerard
- Service de Génétique MédicaleInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - David Germanaud
- Genetic DepartmentCEA Paris‐Saclay, NeuroSpinGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Département de GénétiqueCentre de référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, Assistance publique‐Hopitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Hopital Robert‐DebréParisFrance
| | - Louise Goujon
- Genetic DepartmentCEA Paris‐Saclay, NeuroSpinGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Département de GénétiqueCentre de référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, Assistance publique‐Hopitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Hopital Robert‐DebréParisFrance
| | - Aurélie Gouronc
- Service de Génétique MédicaleInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Alice Goldenberg
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental DisordersUniversity of Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, CHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Havlovicová
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Bertrand Isidor
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Nantes, Service de GénétiqueNantesFrance
| | | | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes RaresAPHP Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Margarete Koch‐Hogrebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UFR Des Sciences de SantéINSERM‐Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement”, FHUTRANSLADDijonFrance
- Oncobiologie Génétique BioinformatiquePC BIO, CHU BesançonBesançonFrance
| | - Victoria Lamure
- Genetic DepartmentUFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris NordParisFrance
| | - Anne‐Sophie Lebre
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ReimsPôle de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie, Service de GénétiqueReimsFrance
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP)INSERM U1266, Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental DisordersUniversity of Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, CHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Natacha Lehman
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I UniversityLyonFrance
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PNMG)UCBL, CNRS UMR5261 – INSERM U1315LyonFrance
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
- Laboratoire Embryologie et Génétique des MalformationsUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM, IHU Imagine – Institut des maladies génétiquesParisFrance
| | | | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes RaresAPHP Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental DisordersUniversity of Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, CHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Nantes, Service de GénétiqueNantesFrance
| | - Florence Petit
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique Guy FontaineLilleFrance
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- UFR Des Sciences de SantéINSERM‐Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement”, FHUTRANSLADDijonFrance
| | - Amélie Piton
- Service de Génétique MédicaleInstitut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Darina Prchalová
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I UniversityLyonFrance
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV TeamUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1BronFrance
| | - Marlène Rio
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity Hospital of Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon I UniversityLyonFrance
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, GENDEV TeamUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1BronFrance
| | - Quentin Sabbagh
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Pascale Saugier‐Veber
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental DisordersUniversity of Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245, CHU RouenRouenFrance
| | - Ariane Schmetz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Julie Steffann
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies RaresHôpital Necker – Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Christel Thauvin‐Robinet
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- UFR Des Sciences de SantéINSERM‐Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement”, FHUTRANSLADDijonFrance
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs », FHU TRANSLADHôpital d'Enfants, CHU DijonDijonFrance
| | - Annick Toutain
- Genetics DepartmentUniversity Hospital, UMR1253 iBrain INSERM, University of ToursToursFrance
| | - Frederic Tran Mau Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies raresCHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance
- UFR Des Sciences de SantéINSERM‐Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement”, FHUTRANSLADDijonFrance
| | - Gabriele Trimarchi
- Medical Genetics UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Marie Vincent
- Genetic DepartmentCHU Nantes, Service de GénétiqueNantesFrance
| | - Markéta Vlčková
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical FacultyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Kevin Yauy
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
| | - Michaela Zelinová
- Department of Biology and Medical GeneticsCharles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MotolPragueCzech Republic
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Genetic DepartmentService de Génétique, CHU d'AngersAngers Cedex 9France
| | - GENIDA Project
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104IllkirchFrance
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Center for Rare Psychiatric Disorders – GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences – Paris – France APHPGHU Sainte AnneParisFrance
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of ParisUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM U1266ParisFrance
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome CentreLondon Health Sciences CentreLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Jean‐Louis Mandel
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC)Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Genetic DepartmentUniversity of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS)StrasbourgFrance
| | - David Geneviève
- Genetic DepartmentMontpellier University, INSERM Unit 1183MontpellierFrance
- Reference Center for Rare Diseases Developmental Anomaly and Malformative Syndromes, Genetics DepartmentMontpellier HospitalMontpellierFrance
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6
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Radford EJ, Tan HK, Andersson MHL, Stephenson JD, Gardner EJ, Ironfield H, Waters AJ, Gitterman D, Lindsay S, Abascal F, Martincorena I, Kolesnik-Taylor A, Ng-Cordell E, Firth HV, Baker K, Perry JRB, Adams DJ, Gerety SS, Hurles ME. Saturation genome editing of DDX3X clarifies pathogenicity of germline and somatic variation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7702. [PMID: 38057330 PMCID: PMC10700591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function of DDX3X is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in females. DDX3X is also a somatically mutated cancer driver gene proposed to have tumour promoting and suppressing effects. We perform saturation genome editing of DDX3X, testing in vitro the functional impact of 12,776 nucleotide variants. We identify 3432 functionally abnormal variants, in three distinct classes. We train a machine learning classifier to identify functionally abnormal variants of NDD-relevance. This classifier has at least 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity to detect variants pathogenic for NDD, substantially out-performing in silico predictors, and resolving up to 93% of variants of uncertain significance. Moreover, functionally-abnormal variants can account for almost all of the excess nonsynonymous DDX3X somatic mutations seen in DDX3X-driven cancers. Systematic maps of variant effects generated in experimentally tractable cell types have the potential to transform clinical interpretation of both germline and somatic disease-associated variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Radford
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Level 8, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hong-Kee Tan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elise Ng-Cordell
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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7
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Rafat K, Abdel-Hamid MS, Abdel-Salam GM. Dandy-Walker Malformation in a Girl with DDX3X-Related Intellectual Disability. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:523-529. [PMID: 38058759 PMCID: PMC10697763 DOI: 10.1159/000531715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report on a 4-year-old female patient who presented with severe intellectual disability, autistic features, hyperlaxity of joints, and progressive scoliosis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant (c.976C>T; p.Arg326Cys) in DDX3X. Case Presentation The girl was born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia a finding which had not previously been associated with variants in DDX3X. Her brain MRI showed hypogenesis of corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, frontal and perisylvian polymicrogyria, and hypoplastic pons in addition to Dandy-Walker malformation. Conclusion Our results confirmed the phenotype and genotype correlation of missense variants and the polymicrogyria. Moreover, it further expands the knowledge of the phenotypic and molecular features of DDX3X-related intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Rafat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M.H. Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Stefaniak U, Malak R, Kaczmarek A, Samborski W, Mojs E. DDX3X Syndrome Behavioral Manifestations with Particular Emphasis on Psycho-Pathological Symptoms-A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3046. [PMID: 38002045 PMCID: PMC10669308 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Identification of typical behavioral manifestations in patients with DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-linked gene (DDX3X) variants plays a crucial role in accurately diagnosing and managing the syndrome. The objective of this paper was to carry out a review of medical and public databases and assess the behavioral features of the DDX3X syndrome (DDX3X), with a particular focus on psycho-pathological symptoms. (2) Methods: An extensive computerized search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Medline Complete, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Specific keywords and Medical Subject Headings were used to ensure the inclusion of relevant studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to assess the methodological quality of the manuscripts. (3) Results: Only nine papers out of the 272 assessed met the inclusion criteria. These articles revealed various psycho-pathological manifestations in patients with the DDX3X syndrome. Intellectual disability (ID) or developmental disability (DD), speech delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), self-injurious behaviors (SIBs), sensory symptoms and sleep disturbance were demonstrated to be the most common psycho-pathological behavior manifestations. (4) Conclusions: Patients with the DDX3X syndrome manifest a wide spectrum of psycho-pathological symptoms. A comprehensive investigation of these symptoms in patients is essential for early diagnosis and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stefaniak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Roksana Malak
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland; (R.M.); (W.S.)
| | - Ada Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Włodzimierz Samborski
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland; (R.M.); (W.S.)
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
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9
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Edey J, Soleimani-Nouri P, Dawson-Kavanagh A, Imran Azeem MS, Episkopou V. X-linked neuronal migration disorders: Gender differences and insights for genetic screening. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:581-599. [PMID: 37574439 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development depends on neuronal migration of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are conditions characterised by anatomical cortical defects leading to varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment, developmental delay and seizures. Refractory epilepsy affects 15 million people worldwide, and it is thought that cortical developmental disorders are responsible for 25% of childhood cases. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders, nor are their aetiologies fully understood, though many are associated with sporadic genetic mutations. In this review, we aim to highlight X-linked NMDs including lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria because of their mostly familial inheritance pattern. We focus on the most prominent genes responsible: including DCX, ARX, FLNA, FMR1, L1CAM, SRPX2, DDX3X, NSHDL, CUL4B and OFD1, outlining what is known about their prevalence among NMDs, and the underlying pathophysiology. X-linked disorders are important to recognise clinically, as females often have milder phenotypes. Consequently, there is a greater chance they survive to reproductive age and risk passing the mutations down. Effective genetic screening is important to prevent and treat these conditions, and for this, we need to know gene mutations and have a clear understanding of the function of the genes involved. This review summarises the knowledge base and provides clear direction for future work by both scientists and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Edey
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Payam Soleimani-Nouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vasso Episkopou
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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10
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Gadek M, Sherr EH, Floor SN. The variant landscape and function of DDX3X in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:726-739. [PMID: 37422363 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA molecules rely on proteins across their life cycle. DDX3X encodes an X-linked DEAD-box RNA helicase with a Y-linked paralog, DDX3Y. DDX3X is central to the RNA life cycle and is implicated in many conditions, including cancer and the neurodevelopmental disorder DDX3X syndrome. DDX3X-linked conditions often exhibit sex differences, possibly due to differences between expression or function of the X- and Y-linked paralogs DDX3X and DDX3Y. DDX3X-related diseases have different mutational landscapes, indicating different roles of DDX3X. Understanding the role of DDX3X in normal and disease states will inform the understanding of DDX3X in disease. We review the function of DDX3X and DDX3Y, discuss how mutation type and sex bias contribute to human diseases involving DDX3X, and review possible DDX3X-targeting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gadek
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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11
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Arna AB, Patel H, Singh RS, Vizeacoumar FS, Kusalik A, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ, Wu Y. Synthetic lethal interactions of DEAD/H-box helicases as targets for cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1087989. [PMID: 36761420 PMCID: PMC9905851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1087989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are implicated in virtually every aspect of RNA metabolism, including transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, ribosomes biogenesis, nuclear export, translation initiation, RNA degradation, and mRNA editing. Most of these helicases are upregulated in various cancers and mutations in some of them are associated with several malignancies. Lately, synthetic lethality (SL) and synthetic dosage lethality (SDL) approaches, where genetic interactions of cancer-related genes are exploited as therapeutic targets, are emerging as a leading area of cancer research. Several DEAD/H-box helicases, including DDX3, DDX9 (Dbp9), DDX10 (Dbp4), DDX11 (ChlR1), and DDX41 (Sacy-1), have been subjected to SL analyses in humans and different model organisms. It remains to be explored whether SDL can be utilized to identity druggable targets in DEAD/H-box helicase overexpressing cancers. In this review, we analyze gene expression data of a subset of DEAD/H-box helicases in multiple cancer types and discuss how their SL/SDL interactions can be used for therapeutic purposes. We also summarize the latest developments in clinical applications, apart from discussing some of the challenges in drug discovery in the context of targeting DEAD/H-box helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananna Bhadra Arna
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hardikkumar Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anthony Kusalik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: Yuliang Wu, ; Franco J. Vizeacoumar,
| | - Yuliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada,*Correspondence: Yuliang Wu, ; Franco J. Vizeacoumar,
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12
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Kamble VS, Pachpor TA, Khandagale SB, Wagh VV, Khare SP. Translation initiation and dysregulation of initiation factors in rare diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Cabrera Zapata LE, Garcia-Segura LM, Cambiasso MJ, Arevalo MA. Genetics and Epigenetics of the X and Y Chromosomes in the Sexual Differentiation of the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012288. [PMID: 36293143 PMCID: PMC9603441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades to date, neuroendocrinologists have delved into the key contribution of gonadal hormones to the generation of sex differences in the developing brain and the expression of sex-specific physiological and behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. However, it was not until recent years that the role of sex chromosomes in the matter started to be seriously explored and unveiled beyond gonadal determination. Now we know that the divergent evolutionary process suffered by X and Y chromosomes has determined that they now encode mostly dissimilar genetic information and are subject to different epigenetic regulations, characteristics that together contribute to generate sex differences between XX and XY cells/individuals from the zygote throughout life. Here we will review and discuss relevant data showing how particular X- and Y-linked genes and epigenetic mechanisms controlling their expression and inheritance are involved, along with or independently of gonadal hormones, in the generation of sex differences in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E. Cabrera Zapata
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Instituto Cajal (IC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Julia Cambiasso
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.J.C.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal (IC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.C.); (M.A.A.)
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14
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Sun Y, Qian Y, Sun HX, Chen M, Luo Y, Xu X, Yan K, Wang L, Hu J, Dong M. Case Report: De novo DDX3X mutation caused intellectual disability in a female with skewed X-chromosome inactivation on the mutant allele. Front Genet 2022; 13:999442. [PMID: 36299587 PMCID: PMC9589230 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.999442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skewed XCI plays an important role in the phenotypic heterogeneities of many X-linked disorders, even involving in diseases caused by XCI-escaping genes. DDX3X-related intellectual disability is more common in females and less common in males, who usually inherit from unaffected heterozygous mothers. As an X inactivation (XCI) escaping gene, the role of skewed XCI in the phenotype of DDX3X mutant female is unknown. Here we reported a DDX3X: c.694_711dup18 de novo heterozygous mutation in a female with intellectual disability on the maternal X chromosome on the basis of SNPs detected by PCR-sanger sequencing. AR assay revealed that the maternal mutant X chromosome was extremely inactivated in the proband. Using RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, we quantified allelic read counts and allele-specific expression, and confirmed that the mutant X chromosome was inactive. Further, we verified that the mutant DDX3X allele had a lower expression level by RNA sequencing and RT-PCR, and the normal and mutated DDX3X expression accounted for respectively 70% and 30% of total. In conclusion, we found a symptomatic female with extreme skewing XCI in the DDX3X mutant allele. It was discovered that XCI in the mutant allele was insufficient to reverse the phenotype of DDX3X-related neurodevelopmental disorder. It contributed to a better understanding of the role of skewed XCI in phenotypic differences, which can aid in the genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of disorders in females with DDX3X defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Sun
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Hoye ML, Calviello L, Poff AJ, Ejimogu NE, Newman CR, Montgomery MD, Ou J, Floor SN, Silver DL. Aberrant cortical development is driven by impaired cell cycle and translational control in a DDX3X syndrome model. eLife 2022; 11:e78203. [PMID: 35762573 PMCID: PMC9239684 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase, DDX3X, are a leading cause of Intellectual Disability and present as DDX3X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cortical malformations and autism. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X controls cortical development are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of Ddx3x loss-of-function we demonstrate that DDX3X directs translational and cell cycle control of neural progenitors, which underlies precise corticogenesis. First, we show brain development is sensitive to Ddx3x dosage; complete Ddx3x loss from neural progenitors causes microcephaly in females, whereas hemizygous males and heterozygous females show reduced neurogenesis without marked microcephaly. In addition, Ddx3x loss is sexually dimorphic, as its paralog, Ddx3y, compensates for Ddx3x in the developing male neocortex. Using live imaging of progenitors, we show that DDX3X promotes neuronal generation by regulating both cell cycle duration and neurogenic divisions. Finally, we use ribosome profiling in vivo to discover the repertoire of translated transcripts in neural progenitors, including those which are DDX3X-dependent and essential for neurogenesis. Our study reveals invaluable new insights into the etiology of DDX3X syndrome, implicating dysregulated progenitor cell cycle dynamics and translation as pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
- Centre for Computational Biology, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
| | - Abigail J Poff
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Nna-Emeka Ejimogu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Carly R Newman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Maya D Montgomery
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSFSan FranciscoUnited States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
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16
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Ng-Cordell E, Kolesnik-Taylor A, O'Brien S, Astle D, Scerif G, Baker K. Social and emotional characteristics of girls and young women with DDX3X-associated intellectual disability: a descriptive and comparative study. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05527-w. [PMID: 35536379 PMCID: PMC9087164 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DDX3X variants are a common cause of intellectual disability (ID) in females, and have been associated with autism spectrum disorder and emotional-behavioural difficulties. In this study, we compared phenotypic data for 23 females with DDX3X variants, to 23 females with ID and other genetic diagnoses. We found a wide range of adaptive, social and emotional function within the DDX3X group. Autism characteristics did not differ between DDX3X and comparison groups, while levels of anxiety and self-injurious behaviour (SIB) were significantly higher in the DDX3X group. Within the DDX3X group, adaptive function, autism characteristics, anxiety and SIB scores were positively correlated, with evidence for group-specific associations with SIB. Future work is warranted to explore the multilevel mechanisms contributing to social and emotional development in individuals with DDX3X variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ng-Cordell
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kolesnik-Taylor
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sinéad O'Brien
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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17
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Stefaniak U, Malak R, Mojs E, Samborski W. Autistic-like Behaviors Associated with a Novel Non-Canonical Splice-Site DDX3X Variant: A Case Report of a Rare Clinical Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030390. [PMID: 35326346 PMCID: PMC8946163 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DDX3X gene account for 1−3% of females with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The clinical presentation is variable, including a wide range of neurological and behavioral deficits and structural defects of the brain. Approximately 52% of affected females remain nonverbal after five years of age. Case presentation: We report a 7 year old nonverbal female with a likely novel de novo pathogenic heterozygous variant in the DDX3X gene affecting the non-canonical splice-site in the intron 1 (NM_001356:c.45+12G>A). The patient presents with features typical for the DDX3X phenotype, such as: movement disorders, behavioral problems, a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and some other features uncommon for DDX3X such as: muscle hypertonia and spinal asymmetry evaluated through the scoliometer. Conclusions. Due to its rare occurrence, the clinical picture of DDX3X syndrome is yet to be fully determined. So far, behavioral disorders, including those from ASD, and neurological abnormalities seem to be the dominant features of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stefaniak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Roksana Malak
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Włodzimierz Samborski
- Department and Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (W.S.)
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18
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Catino G, Genovese S, Di Tommaso S, Orlando V, Petti MT, De Bernardi ML, Dallapiccola B, Novelli A, Ulgheri L, Piscopo C, Alesi V. Reciprocal Xp11.4p11.3 microdeletion/microduplication spanning USP9X, DDX3X, and CASK genes in two patients with syndromic intellectual disability. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1836-1847. [PMID: 35238482 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Only a few patients with deletions or duplications at Xp11.4, bridging USP9X, DDX3X, and CASK genes, have been described so far. Here, we report on a female harboring a de novo Xp11.4p11.3 deletion and a male with an overlapping duplication inherited from an unaffected mother, presenting with syndromic intellectual disability. We discuss the role of USP9X, DDX3X, and CASK genes in human development and describe the effects of Xp11.4 deletion and duplications in female and male patients, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Catino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Genovese
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Tommaso
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Orlando
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesu Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ulgheri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Genetics Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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19
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Boitnott A, Garcia-Forn M, Ung DC, Niblo K, Mendonca D, Park Y, Flores M, Maxwell S, Ellegood J, Qiu LR, Grice DE, Lerch JP, Rasin MR, Buxbaum JD, Drapeau E, De Rubeis S. Developmental and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of DDX3X Syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:742-755. [PMID: 34344536 PMCID: PMC8571043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the X-linked gene DDX3X account for approximately 2% of intellectual disability in females, often comorbid with behavioral problems, motor deficits, and brain malformations. DDX3X encodes an RNA helicase with emerging functions in corticogenesis and synaptogenesis. METHODS We generated a Ddx3x haploinsufficient mouse (Ddx3x+/- females) with construct validity for DDX3X loss-of-function mutations. We used standardized batteries to assess developmental milestones and adult behaviors, as well as magnetic resonance imaging and immunostaining of cortical projection neurons to capture early postnatal changes in brain development. RESULTS Ddx3x+/- females showed physical, sensory, and motor delays that evolved into behavioral anomalies in adulthood, including hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive impairments in specific tasks (e.g., contextual fear memory but not novel object recognition memory), and motor deficits. Motor function declined with age but not if mice were previously exposed to behavioral training. Developmental and behavioral changes were associated with a reduction in brain volume, with some regions (e.g., cortex and amygdala) disproportionally affected. Cortical thinning was accompanied by defective cortical lamination, indicating that Ddx3x regulates the balance of glutamatergic neurons in the developing cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data shed new light on the developmental mechanisms driving DDX3X syndrome and support construct and face validity of this novel preclinical mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boitnott
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Forn
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dévina C Ung
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristi Niblo
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Danielle Mendonca
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yeaji Park
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Flores
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Biology, New York University, College of Arts and Science, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sylvia Maxwell
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Bronx High School of Science, NY 10468, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Dorothy E Grice
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5T 3H7, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Mladen-Roko Rasin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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20
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Forman TE, Dennison BJC, Fantauzzo KA. The Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in Vertebrate Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:34. [PMID: 34564083 PMCID: PMC8482138 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest (NC) cells delaminate from the neural folds in the forebrain to the hindbrain during mammalian embryogenesis and migrate into the frontonasal prominence and pharyngeal arches. These cells generate the bone and cartilage of the frontonasal skeleton, among other diverse derivatives. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as critical regulators of NC and craniofacial development in mammals. Conventional RBPs bind to specific sequence and/or structural motifs in a target RNA via one or more RNA-binding domains to regulate multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and ultimately affect gene expression. In this review, we discuss the roles of RBPs other than core spliceosome components during human and mouse NC and craniofacial development. Where applicable, we review data on these same RBPs from additional vertebrate species, including chicken, Xenopus and zebrafish models. Knockdown or ablation of several RBPs discussed here results in altered expression of transcripts encoding components of developmental signaling pathways, as well as reduced cell proliferation and/or increased cell death, indicating that these are common mechanisms contributing to the observed phenotypes. The study of these proteins offers a relatively untapped opportunity to provide significant insight into the mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation during craniofacial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (T.E.F.); (B.J.C.D.)
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21
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de Castro Fonseca M, de Oliveira JF, Araujo BHS, Canateli C, do Prado PFV, Amorim Neto DP, Bosque BP, Rodrigues PV, de Godoy JVP, Tostes K, Filho HVR, Nascimento AFZ, Saito A, Tonoli CCC, Batista FAH, de Oliveira PSL, Figueira AC, Souza da Costa S, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C, Westfahl H, da Silva AJR, Franchini KG. Molecular and cellular basis of hyperassembly and protein aggregation driven by a rare pathogenic mutation in DDX3X. iScience 2021; 24:102841. [PMID: 34381968 PMCID: PMC8335631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies estimate that 1–3% of females with unexplained intellectual disability (ID) present de novo splice site, nonsense, frameshift, or missense mutations in the DDX3X protein (DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain development are not fully comprehended. Here, we show that the ID-linked missense mutation L556S renders DDX3X prone to aggregation. By using a combination of biophysical assays and imaging approaches, we demonstrate that this mutant assembles solid-like condensates and amyloid-like fibrils. Although we observed greatly reduced expression of the mutant allele in a patient who exhibits skewed X inactivation, this appears to be enough to sequestrate healthy proteins into solid-like ectopic granules, compromising cell function. Therefore, our data suggest ID-linked DDX3X L556S mutation as a disorder arising from protein misfolding and aggregation. DDX3X mutations skew X-inactivation and are found in 1-3% of unexplained ID in females DDX3X mutant proteins assemble solid-like condensates and amyloid-like fibrils Aberrant granules formed by DDX3X mutants sequestrate healthy DDX3X protein ID-linked DDX3X L556S mutation decreases cell viability and induces apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus de Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Camila Canateli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paula Favoretti Vital do Prado
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Dionísio Pedro Amorim Neto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulla Vieira Rodrigues
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Pereira de Godoy
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey Fabricio Ziem Nascimento
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Saito
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Celisa Caldana Costa Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Heleno Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry Westfahl
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Roque da Silva
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kleber Gomes Franchini
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 10000 Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro St., Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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22
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Tang L, Levy T, Guillory S, Halpern D, Zweifach J, Giserman-Kiss I, Foss-Feig JH, Frank Y, Lozano R, Belani P, Layton C, Lerman B, Frowner E, Breen MS, De Rubeis S, Kostic A, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD, Siper PM, Grice DE. Prospective and detailed behavioral phenotyping in DDX3X syndrome. Mol Autism 2021; 12:36. [PMID: 33993884 PMCID: PMC8127248 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DDX3X syndrome is a recently identified genetic disorder that accounts for 1-3% of cases of unexplained developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (ID) in females, and is associated with motor and language delays, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, the published phenotypic characterization of this syndrome has primarily relied on medical record review; in addition, the behavioral dimensions of the syndrome have not been fully explored. METHODS We carried out multi-day, prospective, detailed phenotyping of DDX3X syndrome in 14 females and 1 male, focusing on behavioral, psychological, and neurological measures. Three participants in this cohort were previously reported with limited phenotype information and were re-evaluated for this study. We compared results against population norms and contrasted phenotypes between individuals harboring either (1) protein-truncating variants or (2) missense variants or in-frame deletions. RESULTS Eighty percent (80%) of individuals met criteria for ID, 60% for ASD and 53% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Motor and language delays were common as were sensory processing abnormalities. The cohort included 5 missense, 3 intronic/splice-site, 2 nonsense, 2 frameshift, 2 in-frame deletions, and one initiation codon variant. Genotype-phenotype correlations indicated that, on average, missense variants/in-frame deletions were associated with more severe language, motor, and adaptive deficits in comparison to protein-truncating variants. LIMITATIONS Sample size is modest, however, DDX3X syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed disorder. CONCLUSION This study, representing a first, prospective, detailed characterization of DDX3X syndrome, extends our understanding of the neurobehavioral phenotype. Gold-standard diagnostic approaches demonstrated high rates of ID, ASD, and ADHD. In addition, sensory deficits were observed to be a key part of the syndrome. Even with a modest sample, we observe evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations with missense variants/in-frame deletions generally associated with more severe phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tang
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sylvia Guillory
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Danielle Halpern
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Jessica Zweifach
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Ivy Giserman-Kiss
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Jennifer H. Foss-Feig
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Yitzchak Frank
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Puneet Belani
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Christina Layton
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Bonnie Lerman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Emanuel Frowner
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michael S. Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Ana Kostic
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Paige M. Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Dorothy E. Grice
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Division of Tics, OCD, and Related Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
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23
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Moresco G, Costanza J, Santaniello C, Rondinone O, Grilli F, Prada E, Orcesi S, Coro I, Pichiecchio A, Marchisio P, Miozzo M, Fontana L, Milani D. A novel de novo DDX3X missense variant in a female with brachycephaly and intellectual disability: a case report. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:81. [PMID: 33789733 PMCID: PMC8011215 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo pathogenic variants in the DDX3X gene are reported to account for 1-3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) in females, leading to the rare disease known as DDX3X syndrome (MRXSSB, OMIM #300958). Besides ID, these patients manifest a variable clinical presentation, which includes neurological and behavioral defects, and abnormal brain MRIs. CASE PRESENTATION We report a 10-year-old girl affected by delayed psychomotor development, delayed myelination, and polymicrogyria (PMG). We identified a novel de novo missense mutation in the DDX3X gene (c.625C > G) by whole exome sequencing (WES). The DDX3X gene encodes a DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA-helicase broadly implicated in gene expression through regulation of mRNA metabolism. The identified mutation is located just upstream the helicase domain and is suggested to impair the protein activity, thus resulting in the altered translation of DDX3X-dependent mRNAs. The proband, presenting with the typical PMG phenotype related to the syndrome, does not show other clinical signs frequently reported in presence of missense DDX3X mutations that are associated with a most severe clinical presentation. In addition, she has brachycephaly, never described in female DDX3X patients, and macroglossia, that has never been associated with the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This case expands the knowledge of DDX3X pathogenic variants and the associated DDX3X syndrome phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Moresco
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jole Costanza
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Santaniello
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Rondinone
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Grilli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Prada
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Coro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Research Laboratories Coordination Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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24
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Ghesh L, Besnard T, Nizon M, Trochu E, Landeau-Trottier G, Breheret F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Bruel AL, Kuentz P, Coubes C, Cuisset L, Mignot C, Keren B, Bézieau S, Cogné B. Loss-of-function variants in ARHGEF9 are associated with an X-linked intellectual disability dominant disorder. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:498-505. [PMID: 33600053 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ARHGEF9 defects lead to an X-linked intellectual disability disorder related to inhibitory synaptic dysfunction. This condition is more frequent in males, with a few affected females reported. Up to now, sequence variants and gross deletions have been identified in males, while only chromosomal aberrations have been reported in affected females who showed a skewed pattern of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), suggesting an X-linked recessive (XLR) disorder. We report three novel loss-of-function (LoF) variants in ARHGEF9: A de novo synonymous variant affecting splicing (NM_015185.2: c.1056G>A, p.(Lys352=)) in one female; a nonsense variant in another female (c.865C>T, p.(Arg289*)), that is, also present as a somatically mosaic variant in her father, and a de novo nonsense variant in a boy (c.899G>A; p.(Trp300*)). Both females showed a random XCI. Thus, we suggest that missense variants are responsible for an XLR disorder affecting males and that LoF variants, mainly occurring de novo, may be responsible for an X-linked dominant disorder affecting males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Ghesh
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Eva Trochu
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Flora Breheret
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficience Intellectuelle de causes rares, Hôpital d'Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon-Bourgogne et Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Inserm UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Département Médico-Universitaire BioPhyGen, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique clinique et Médicale, CHU Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Service de Génétique clinique et Médicale, CHU Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
- l'institut du thorax, Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
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25
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Mutations in genes encoding regulators of mRNA decapping and translation initiation: links to intellectual disability. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1199-1211. [PMID: 32412080 PMCID: PMC7329352 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) affects at least 1% of the population, and typically presents in the first few years of life. ID is characterized by impairments in cognition and adaptive behavior and is often accompanied by further delays in language and motor skills, as seen in many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Recent widespread high-throughput approaches that utilize whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing have allowed for a considerable increase in the identification of these pathogenic variants in monogenic forms of ID. Notwithstanding this progress, the molecular and cellular consequences of the identified mutations remain mostly unknown. This is particularly important as the associated protein dysfunctions are the prerequisite to the identification of targets for novel drugs of these rare disorders. Recent Next-Generation sequencing-based studies have further established that mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in RNA metabolism are a major cause of NDD. Here, we review recent studies linking germline mutations in genes encoding factors mediating mRNA decay and regulators of translation, namely DCPS, EDC3, DDX6 helicase and ID. These RNA-binding proteins have well-established roles in mRNA decapping and/or translational repression, and the mutations abrogate their ability to remove 5′ caps from mRNA, diminish their interactions with cofactors and stabilize sub-sets of transcripts. Additional genes encoding RNA helicases with roles in translation including DDX3X and DHX30 have also been linked to NDD. Given the speed in the acquisition, analysis and sharing of sequencing data, and the importance of post-transcriptional regulation for brain development, we anticipate mutations in more such factors being identified and functionally characterized.
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26
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Perfetto M, Xu X, Lu C, Shi Y, Yousaf N, Li J, Yien YY, Wei S. The RNA helicase DDX3 induces neural crest by promoting AKT activity. Development 2021; 148:dev.184341. [PMID: 33318149 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3 have emerged as a frequent cause of intellectual disability in humans. Because many individuals carrying DDX3 mutations have additional defects in craniofacial structures and other tissues containing neural crest (NC)-derived cells, we hypothesized that DDX3 is also important for NC development. Using Xenopus tropicalis as a model, we show that DDX3 is required for normal NC induction and craniofacial morphogenesis by regulating AKT kinase activity. Depletion of DDX3 decreases AKT activity and AKT-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to reduced levels of β-catenin and Snai1: two GSK3β substrates that are crucial for NC induction. DDX3 function in regulating these downstream signaling events during NC induction is likely mediated by RAC1, a small GTPase whose translation depends on the RNA helicase activity of DDX3. These results suggest an evolutionarily conserved role of DDX3 in NC development by promoting AKT activity, and provide a potential mechanism for the NC-related birth defects displayed by individuals harboring mutations in DDX3 and its downstream effectors in this signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.,Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Natasha Yousaf
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jiejing Li
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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27
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Okano S, Miyamoto A, Makita Y, Taketazu G, Kimura K, Fukuda I, Tanaka H, Yanagi K, Kaname T. Severe gastrointestinal symptoms caused by a novel DDX3X variant. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104058. [PMID: 32896648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in DDX3X have recently been identified as a common cause of intellectual disability and congenital anomalies. DDX3X (Xp11.4) encodes the DEAD box RNA helicase that plays an important role in gene regulation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Here, we report a case of 6-year-old Japanese girl with a novel variant (NM_001193416.3: c.1574A > G; p.(Tyr525Cys), who exhibited psychomotor retardation, severe constipation, and a recurrent paralytic ileus. This is the second report of severe gastrointestinal symptoms being associated with this disease. This report expands the phenotype caused by DDX3X variants and reveals an important clinical aspect for patients and medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Okano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Japan
| | - Akie Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Japan
| | - Yoshio Makita
- Department of Genetic Counseling, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Genya Taketazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Kosei Hospital, Japan
| | - Kayano Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Japan
| | - Ikue Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Patmore DM, Jassim A, Nathan E, Gilbertson RJ, Tahan D, Hoffmann N, Tong Y, Smith KS, Kanneganti TD, Suzuki H, Taylor MD, Northcott P, Gilbertson RJ. DDX3X Suppresses the Susceptibility of Hindbrain Lineages to Medulloblastoma. Dev Cell 2020; 54:455-470.e5. [PMID: 32553121 PMCID: PMC7483908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked (DDX3X) is frequently mutated in the Wingless (WNT) and Sonic hedghog (SHH) subtypes of medulloblastoma-the commonest malignant childhood brain tumor, but whether DDX3X functions as a medulloblastoma oncogene or tumor suppressor gene is not known. Here, we show that Ddx3x regulates hindbrain patterning and development by controlling Hox gene expression and cell stress signaling. In mice predisposed to Wnt- or Shh medulloblastoma, Ddx3x sensed oncogenic stress and suppressed tumor formation. WNT and SHH medulloblastomas normally arise only in the lower and upper rhombic lips, respectively. Deletion of Ddx3x removed this lineage restriction, enabling both medulloblastoma subtypes to arise in either germinal zone. Thus, DDX3X is a medulloblastoma tumor suppressor that regulates hindbrain development and restricts the competence of cell lineages to form medulloblastoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Patmore
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Amir Jassim
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Erica Nathan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Reuben J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Daniel Tahan
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Nadin Hoffmann
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Yiai Tong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kyle S Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paul Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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29
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Hu L, Xin X, Lin S, Luo M, Chen J, Qiu H, Ma L, Huang J. A child with a novel DDX3X variant mimicking cerebral palsy: a case report. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:88. [PMID: 32600431 PMCID: PMC7325255 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive disorder of movement and posture due to a static insult to the brain. In CP, the depth of investigation is guided by the patients’ medical history and their clinical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a high yield and is widely used for investigation in CP. Case presentation In this paper, we report a novel DDX3X variant in a girl afflicted with the X-linked mental retardation-102 (MRX102). The girl had been misdiagnosed with CP in her early life based on a comprehensive clinical evaluation and associated clinical features, such as developmental delay, reduced activities of the arms and legs, and abnormal brain MRI. Subsequently, whole-exome sequencing was applied to better distinguish between CP and actual MRX102 with similar characteristics. Conclusions We report on a de novo heterozygous DDX3X variant mimicking cerebral palsy and suggest a thorough and conscientious review during diagnosis of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Hu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shaobin Lin
- Fetal Medicine Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junkun Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongsheng Qiu
- Neonatology Department, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jungao Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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30
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Proteomic Analysis of Brain Region and Sex-Specific Synaptic Protein Expression in the Adult Mouse Brain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020313. [PMID: 32012899 PMCID: PMC7072627 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disruption of synaptic proteins results in a whole variety of human neuropsychiatric disorders including intellectual disability, schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a wide range of these so-called synaptopathies a sex bias in prevalence and clinical course has been reported. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we analyzed the proteome at the interaction site of the pre- and postsynaptic compartment, in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum of male and female adult C57BL/6J mice. We were able to reveal a specific repertoire of synaptic proteins in different brain areas as it has been implied before. Additionally, we found a region-specific set of novel synaptic proteins differentially expressed between male and female individuals including the strong ASD candidates DDX3X, KMT2C, MYH10 and SET. Being the first comprehensive analysis of brain region-specific synaptic proteomes from male and female mice, our study provides crucial information on sex-specific differences in the molecular anatomy of the synapse. Our efforts should serve as a neurobiological framework to better understand the influence of sex on synapse biology in both health and disease.
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31
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Chen Y, Liu KY, Yang ZL, Li XH, Xu R, Zhou H. A de novo DDX3X Variant Is Associated With Syndromic Intellectual Disability: Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:303. [PMID: 32714884 PMCID: PMC7344189 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo DDX3X variants account for 1%-3% of intellectual disability (ID) in females and have been occasionally reported in males. Here, we report a female patient with severe ID and various other features, including epilepsy, movement disorders, behavior problems, sleep disturbance, precocious puberty, dysmorphic features, and hippocampus atrophy. With the use of family-based exome sequencing, we identified a de novo pathogenic variant (c.1745dupG/p.S583*) in the DDX3X gene. However, our patient did not present hypotonia, which is considered a frequent clinical manifestation associated with DDX3X variants. While hand stereotypies and sleep disturbance have been occasionally associated with the DDX3X spectrum, hippocampus atrophy has not been reported in patients with DDX3X-related ID. The investigation further expands the phenotype spectrum for DDX3X variants with syndromic intellectual disability, which might help to improve the understanding of DDX3X-related intellectual disability or developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai-Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zai-Lan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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32
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Scala M, Torella A, Severino M, Morana G, Castello R, Accogli A, Verrico A, Vari MS, Cappuccio G, Pinelli M, Vitiello G, Terrone G, D'Amico A, Nigro V, Capra V. Three de novo DDX3X variants associated with distinctive brain developmental abnormalities and brain tumor in intellectually disabled females. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1254-1259. [PMID: 30936465 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo DDX3X variants account for 1-3% of syndromic intellectual disability (ID) in females and have been occasionally reported in males. Furthermore, somatic DDX3X variants occur in several aggressive cancers, including medulloblastoma. We report three unrelated females with severe ID, dysmorphic features, and a common brain malformative pattern characterized by malformations of cortical development, callosal dysgenesis, basal ganglia anomalies, and midbrain-hindbrain malformations. A pilocytic astrocytoma was incidentally diagnosed in Patient 1 and trigonocephaly was found in Patient 2. With the use of family based whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified three distinct de novo variants in DDX3X. These findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of DDX3X-related disorders, demonstrating unique neuroradiological features resembling those of the tubulinopathies, and support a role for DDX3X in neuronal development. Our observations further suggest a possible link between germline DDX3X variants and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Mariasavina Severino
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morana
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Castello
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Verrico
- Neuro-oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
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