1
|
Hudac CM, Friedman NR, Ward VR, Estreicher RE, Dorsey GC, Bernier RA, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl RK, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E. Characterizing Sensory Phenotypes of Subgroups with a Known Genetic Etiology Pertaining to Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2386-2401. [PMID: 37031308 PMCID: PMC10083138 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify unique constellations of sensory phenotypes for genetic etiologies associated with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Caregivers reported on sensory behaviors via the Sensory Profile for 290 participants (younger than 25 years of age) with ASD and/or ID diagnoses, of which ~ 70% have a known pathogenic genetic etiology. Caregivers endorsed poor registration (i.e., high sensory threshold, passive behaviors) for all genetic subgroups relative to an "idiopathic" comparison group with an ASD diagnosis and without a known genetic etiology. Genetic profiles indicated prominent sensory seeking in ADNP, CHD8, and DYRK1A, prominent sensory sensitivities in SCN2A, and fewer sensation avoidance behaviors in GRIN2B (relative to the idiopathic ASD comparison group).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
- Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Nicole R Friedman
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Victoria R Ward
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rachel E Estreicher
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Grace C Dorsey
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel K Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neuhaus E, Rea H, Jones E, Benavidez H, Miles C, Whiting A, Johansson M, Eayrs C, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Earl R, Bernier RA, Eichler EE. Shared and divergent mental health characteristics of ADNP-, CHD8- and DYRK1A-related neurodevelopmental conditions. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:15. [PMID: 38622540 PMCID: PMC11017562 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental conditions such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can stem from a broad array of inherited and de novo genetic differences, with marked physiological and behavioral impacts. We currently know little about the psychiatric phenotypes of rare genetic variants associated with ASD, despite heightened risk of psychiatric concerns in ASD more broadly. Understanding behavioral features of these variants can identify shared versus specific phenotypes across gene groups, facilitate mechanistic models, and provide prognostic insights to inform clinical practice. In this paper, we evaluate behavioral features within three gene groups associated with ID and ASD - ADNP, CHD8, and DYRK1A - with two aims: (1) characterize phenotypes across behavioral domains of anxiety, depression, ADHD, and challenging behavior; and (2) understand whether age and early developmental milestones are associated with later mental health outcomes. METHODS Phenotypic data were obtained for youth with disruptive variants in ADNP, CHD8, or DYRK1A (N = 65, mean age = 8.7 years, 40% female) within a long-running, genetics-first study. Standardized caregiver-report measures of mental health features (anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, oppositional behavior) and developmental history were extracted and analyzed for effects of gene group, age, and early developmental milestones on mental health features. RESULTS Patterns of mental health features varied by group, with anxiety most prominent for CHD8, oppositional features overrepresented among ADNP, and attentional and depressive features most prominent for DYRK1A. For the full sample, age was positively associated with anxiety features, such that elevations in anxiety relative to same-age and same-sex peers may worsen with increasing age. Predictive utility of early developmental milestones was limited, with evidence of early language delays predicting greater difficulties across behavioral domains only for the CHD8 group. CONCLUSIONS Despite shared associations with autism and intellectual disability, disruptive variants in ADNP, CHD8, and DYRK1A may yield variable psychiatric phenotypes among children and adolescents. With replication in larger samples over time, efforts such as these may contribute to improved clinical care for affected children and adolescents, allow for earlier identification of emerging mental health difficulties, and promote early intervention to alleviate concerns and improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center On Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hannah Rea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Benavidez
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conor Miles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alana Whiting
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Johansson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Curtis Eayrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurtz-Nelson EC, Rea HM, Petriceks AC, Hudac CM, Wang T, Earl RK, Bernier RA, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E. Characterizing the autism spectrum phenotype in DYRK1A-related syndrome. Autism Res 2023; 16:1488-1500. [PMID: 37497568 PMCID: PMC10530559 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants in DYRK1A are causative of DYRK1A syndrome and associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). While many individuals with DYRK1A syndrome are diagnosed with ASD, they may present with a unique profile of ASD traits. We present a comprehensive characterization of the ASD profile in children and young adults with LGDs in DYRK1A. Individuals with LGD variants in DYRK1A (n = 29) were compared to children who had ASD with no known genetic cause, either with low nonverbal IQ (n = 14) or average or above nonverbal IQ (n = 41). ASD was assessed using the ADOS-2, ADI-R, SRS-2, SCQ, and RBS-R. Quantitative score comparisons were conducted, as were qualitative analyses of clinicians' behavioral observations. Diagnosis of ASD was confirmed in 85% and ID was confirmed in 89% of participants with DYRK1A syndrome. Individuals with DYRK1A syndrome showed broadly similar social communication behaviors to children with idiopathic ASD and below-average nonverbal IQ, with specific challenges noted in social reciprocity and nonverbal communication. Children with DYRK1A syndrome also showed high rates of sensory-seeking behaviors. Phenotypic characterization of individuals with DYRK1A syndrome may provide additional information on mechanisms contributing to co-occurring ASD and ID and contribute to the identification of genetic predictors of specific ASD traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M. Rea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aiva C. Petriceks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Carolina Autism and Neurodevelopment Research Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Beijing, China
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rachel K. Earl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raphael A. Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Toyoshima I. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identified a Novel DYRK1A Variant in a Patient With Intellectual Developmental Disorder, Autosomal Dominant 7. Cureus 2023; 15:e33379. [PMID: 36628390 PMCID: PMC9822525 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 7 (MRD7; OMIM 614104) is a rare disease characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, speech delay, feeding difficulties, and facial dysmorphisms. This disorder is caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of the DYRK1A gene, which encodes dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A. Here, we report a case of MRD7 that was diagnosed using Face2Gene and whole-exome sequencing (WES). A 22-year-old man presented with microcephaly, intellectual disability, slender body, long slender fingers, and facial dysmorphisms. He was previously diagnosed with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) at four years of age. However, his CdLS clinical diagnostic score was low at 22 years of age. The Face2Gene application introduced several candidate diseases including MRD7. Finally, by utilizing WES and Sanger sequencing analysis of cloned cDNA, we identified a novel heterozygous duplication variant (c.848dup, p.(Asn283LysfsTer6)) in the DYRK1A gene, which introduces a premature stop codon. This report provides more information about the phenotypic spectrum of a young adult patient with MRD7. Face2Gene helped us introduce candidate diseases of the patient. Registering further genetically confirmed cases with MRD7 will improve the accuracy of the diagnostic recommendations in Face2Gene. Moreover, WES is a powerful tool for diagnosing rare genetic diseases, such as MRD7.
Collapse
|