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Das A, Pagliaroli L, Vereczkei A, Kotyuk E, Langstieh B, Demetrovics Z, Barta C. Association of GDNF and CNTNAP2 gene variants with gambling. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:471-478. [PMID: 31446765 PMCID: PMC7044627 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some form of gambling can be observed in nearly every society, as the gratification felt upon winning in uncertain conditions is universal. A culturally distinct form of gambling, associated with a traditional sporting event of archery known as "teer," is innate to the province of Meghalaya, India. The objective of this study was to find genetic variants underlying this unique form of behavioral addiction. To better understand game-based gambling, we studied genetic variants related to dopaminergic pathways and other genes previously linked to various psychological disorders. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 196 Indo-Aryan adults from Shillong, Meghalaya. Genotyping of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) polymorphisms was carried out using real-time PCR. We further investigated 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the 3' UTR of additional genes of interest using an OpenArray® real-time PCR platform. RESULTS Case-control analysis revealed a significant association between GDNF variant rs2973033 (p = .00864, χ2 = 13.132, df = 2) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) variant rs2530311 (p = .0448, χ2 = 13.132, df = 2) with gambling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Association of the GDNF gene with gambling could be attributed to its involvement in the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons. Our result is in good agreement with previous data indicating the role of GDNF in certain substance addictions. Several rare variants in the CNTNAP2 gene were also implicated in alcohol addiction in a previous study. This pilot study provides further support for the role of GDNF and CNTNAP2 in addiction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhuti Das
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Anthropology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India,Indian Council of Medical Research, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vereczkei
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Banrida Langstieh
- Department of Anthropology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author: Csaba Barta, MD, PhD; Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest, 1094, PO Box 260, Hungary; Phone: +36 1 459 1500 ext. 60137; Fax: +36 1 266 7480; E-mail:
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Melo-Felippe FB, Fontenelle LF, Kohlrausch FB. Gene variations in PBX1, LMX1A and SLITRK1 are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its clinical features. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 61:180-185. [PMID: 30377043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors probably influence OCD development and a current hypothesis proposes that genes involved in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) are related to OCD. The aim of this study was to analyze six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes with functions related to neurodevelopment in OCD. A total of 203 patient and 203 control samples were genotyped using the TaqMan® methodology. Statistically significant associations between OCD and PBX1 (rs2275558) in total sample (P = 0.002) and in males (P = 0.0003) were observed. Concerning symptom dimensions, the expression of neutralization showed a statistical significant association with LMX1A (rs4657411, P = 0.004) in total sample. We also observed significant association between LMX1A (rs4657411) and washing dimension in females (P = 0.01). Additionally, SLITRK1 (rs9593835) was significantly associated with checking dimension in male patients (P = 0.04). Our results indicate an important influence of neurodevelopment genes in the OCD susceptibility. Additional studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Melo-Felippe
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Programa de Transtornos Obsessivo-Compulsivos e de Ansiedade, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Psychological Sciences, MONASH University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabiana B Kohlrausch
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
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Oldoni F, Kidd KK, Podini D. Microhaplotypes in forensic genetics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 38:54-69. [PMID: 30347322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microhaplotype loci (microhaps, MHs) are a novel type of molecular marker of less than 300 nucleotides, defined by two or more closely linked SNPs associated in multiple allelic combinations. The value of these markers is enhanced by massively parallel sequencing (MPS), which allows the sequencing of both parental haplotypes at each of the many multiplexed loci. This review describes the features of these multi-SNP markers and documents their value in forensic genetics, focusing on individualization, biogeographic ancestry inference, and mixture deconvolution. Foreseeable applications also include missing person identification, relationship testing, and medical diagnostic applications. The technique is not restricted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Oldoni
- Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, United States
| | - Kenneth K Kidd
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States
| | - Daniele Podini
- Department of Forensic Sciences, The George Washington University, 2100 Foxhall Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, United States.
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Paschou P. The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1026-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Replication of association between a SLITRK1 haplotype and Tourette Syndrome in a large sample of families. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:665-8. [PMID: 22083730 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
We propose that haplotyped loci with high heterozygosity can be useful in human identification, especially within families, if recombination is very low among the sites. Three or more SNPs extending over small molecular intervals (<10 KB) can be identified in the human genome to define miniature haplotypes with moderate levels of linkage disequilibrium. Properly selected, these mini-haplotypes (or minihaps) consist of multiple haplotype lineages (alleles) that have evolved from the ancestral human haplotype but show no evidence of recurring recombination, allowing each distinct haplotype to be equated with an allele, all copies of which are essentially identical by descent. Historic recombinants, representing rare events that have drifted to common frequencies over many generations, can be identified in some cases, they do not equate to frequently recurring recombination. We have identified examples in our data collected on various projects and present eight such mini-haplotypes comprised of informative SNPs. We also discuss the ideal characteristics and advantages of minihaps for human familial identification and ancestry inference, and compare them to other types of forensic markers in use and/or that have been proposed. We expect that it is possible to carry out a systematic search and identify a useful panel of mini-haplotypes, with even better properties than the examples presented here.
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Pelletier C, Speed WC, Paranjape T, Keane K, Blitzblau R, Hollestelle A, Safavi K, van den Ouweland A, Zelterman D, Slack FJ, Kidd KK, Weidhaas JB. Rare BRCA1 haplotypes including 3'UTR SNPs associated with breast cancer risk. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:90-9. [PMID: 21191178 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.1.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic markers identifying women at an increased risk of developing breast cancer exist, yet the majority of inherited risk remains elusive. While numerous BRCA1 coding sequence mutations are associated with breast cancer risk, BRCA1 mutations account for less then 5% of breast cancer risk. Since 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms disrupting microRNA (miRNA) binding can be functional and can act as genetic markers of cancer risk, we tested the hypothesis that such polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of BRCA1 and haplotypes containing these functional polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer risk. We sequenced the BRCA1 3'UTR from breast cancer patients to identify miRNA disrupting polymorphisms. We further evaluated haplotypes of this region including the identified 3'UTR variants in a large population of controls and breast cancer patients (n = 221) with known breast cancer subtypes and ethnicities. We identified three 3'UTR variants in BRCA1 that are polymorphic in breast cancer populations, and haplotype analysis including these variants revealed that breast cancer patients harbor five rare haplotypes not generally found among controls (9.50% for breast cancer chromosomes, 0.11% for control chromosomes, p = 0.0001). Three of these rare haplotypes contain the rs8176318 BRCA1 3'UTR functional variant. These haplotypes are not biomarkers for BRCA1 coding mutations, as they are found rarely in BRCA1 mutant breast cancer patients (1/129 patients = 0.78%). These rare BRCA1 haplotypes and 3'UTR SNPs may represent new genetic markers of breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Pelletier
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Somatosensory–motor bodily representation cortical thinning in Tourette: Effects of tic severity, age and gender. Cortex 2010; 46:750-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Meola N, Gennarino VA, Banfi S. microRNAs and genetic diseases. PATHOGENETICS 2009; 2:7. [PMID: 19889204 PMCID: PMC2778645 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8417-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs (19-25 nucleotides in length) processed from double-stranded hairpin precursors. They negatively regulate gene expression in animals, by binding, with imperfect base pairing, to target sites in messenger RNAs (usually in 3' untranslated regions) thereby either reducing translational efficiency or determining transcript degradation. Considering that each miRNA can regulate, on average, the expression of approximately several hundred target genes, the miRNA apparatus can participate in the control of the gene expression of a large quota of mammalian transcriptomes and proteomes. As a consequence, miRNAs are expected to regulate various developmental and physiological processes, such as the development and function of many tissue and organs. Due to the strong impact of miRNAs on the biological processes, it is expected that mutations affecting miRNA function have a pathogenic role in human genetic diseases, similar to protein-coding genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence available to date which support the pathogenic role of miRNAs in human genetic diseases. We will first describe the main types of mutation mechanisms affecting miRNA function that can result in human genetic disorders, namely: (1) mutations affecting miRNA sequences; (2) mutations in the recognition sites for miRNAs harboured in target mRNAs; and (3) mutations in genes that participate in the general processes of miRNA processing and function. Finally, we will also describe the results of recent studies, mostly based on animal models, indicating the phenotypic consequences of miRNA alterations on the function of several tissues and organs. These studies suggest that the spectrum of genetic diseases possibly caused by mutations in miRNAs is wide and is only starting to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Meola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Thinning of the Motor–Cingulate–Insular Cortices in Siblings Concordant for Tourette Syndrome. Brain Topogr 2009; 22:176-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-009-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Global variation in CYP2C8-CYP2C9 functional haplotypes. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2009; 9:283-90. [PMID: 19381162 PMCID: PMC2782405 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the global frequency distributions of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 132 kb of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in ∼2500 individuals representing 45 populations. Five of the SNPs were in noncoding sequences; the other five involved the more common missense variants (four in CYP2C8, one in CYP2C9) that change amino acids in the gene products. One haplotype containing two CYP2C8 coding variants and one CYP2C9 coding variant reaches an average frequency of 10% in Europe; a set of haplotypes with a different CYP2C8 coding variant reaches 17% in Africa. In both cases these haplotypes are found in other regions of the world at <1%. This considerable geographic variation in haplotype frequencies impacts the interpretation of CYP2C8/CYP2C9 association studies, and has pharmacogenomic implications for drug interactions.
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Chin LJ, Ratner E, Leng S, Zhai R, Nallur S, Babar I, Muller RU, Straka E, Su L, Burki EA, Crowell RE, Patel R, Kulkarni T, Homer R, Zelterman D, Kidd KK, Zhu Y, Christiani DC, Belinsky SA, Slack FJ, Weidhaas JB. A SNP in a let-7 microRNA complementary site in the KRAS 3' untranslated region increases non-small cell lung cancer risk. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8535-40. [PMID: 18922928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, yet few genetic markers of lung cancer risk useful for screening exist. The let-7 family-of-microRNAs (miRNA) are global genetic regulators important in controlling lung cancer oncogene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. The purpose of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that could modify let-7 binding and to assess the effect of such SNPs on target gene regulation and risk for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). let-7 complementary sites (LCS) were sequenced in the KRAS 3' untranslated region from 74 NSCLC cases to identify mutations and SNPs that correlated with NSCLC. The allele frequency of a previously unidentified SNP at LCS6 was characterized in 2,433 people (representing 46 human populations). The frequency of the variant allele is 18.1% to 20.3% in NSCLC patients and 5.8% in world populations. The association between the SNP and the risk for NSCLC was defined in two independent case-control studies. A case-control study of lung cancer from New Mexico showed a 2.3-fold increased risk (confidence interval, 1.1-4.6; P = 0.02) for NSCLC cancer in patients who smoked <40 pack-years. This association was validated in a second independent case-control study. Functionally, the variant allele results in KRAS overexpression in vitro. The LCS6 variant allele in a KRAS miRANA complementary site is significantly associated with increased risk for NSCLC among moderate smokers and represents a new paradigm for let-7 miRNAs in lung cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena J Chin
- Department of Molecular, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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