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Duan M, Leng S, Mao P. Cisplatin in the era of PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108642. [PMID: 38614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Platinum compounds such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in chemotherapy. Cisplatin induces cytotoxic DNA damage that blocks DNA replication and gene transcription, leading to arrest of cell proliferation. Although platinum therapy alone is effective against many tumors, cancer cells can adapt to the treatment and gain resistance. The mechanisms for cisplatin resistance are complex, including low DNA damage formation, high DNA repair capacity, changes in apoptosis signaling pathways, rewired cell metabolisms, and others. Drug resistance compromises the clinical efficacy and calls for new strategies by combining cisplatin with other therapies. Exciting progress in cancer treatment, particularly development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, opened a new chapter to combine cisplatin with these new cancer therapies. In this Review, we discuss how platinum synergizes with PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy to bring new hope to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Peng Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Gong X, Huang Y, Duong J, Leng S, Zhan FB, Guo Y, Lin Y, Luo L. Industrial air pollution and low birth weight in New Mexico, USA. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119236. [PMID: 37857221 PMCID: PMC10829484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the low birth weight (LBW) rate in New Mexico has consistently exceeded the Unites States average. Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may be a significant contributor to LBW in offspring. This study investigated the links between maternal residential exposure to air pollution from industrial sources and the risk of LBW in offspring. The analysis included 22,375 LBW cases and 233,340 controls. It focused on 14 common chemicals listed in the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and monitoring datasets, which have abundant monitoring samples. The Emission Weighted Proximity Model (EWPM) was used to calculate maternal air pollution exposure intensity. Adjusted odds ratios (adjORs) were calculated using binary logistic regressions to examine the association between maternal residential air pollution exposure and LBW, while controlling for potential confounders, such as the maternal age, race/ethnicity, gestational age, prenatal care, education level, consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, public health regions, child's sex, and the year of birth. Multiple comparison correction was applied using the False Discovery Rate approach. The results showed that maternal residential exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, benzene, chlorine, ethylbenzene, and styrene had significant positive associations with LBW in offspring, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.10 to 1.13. These five chemicals remained as significant risk factors after dividing the estimated exposure intensities into four categories. In addition, significant linear trends were found between LBW and maternal exposure to each of the five identified chemicals. Furthermore, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was identified as a risk factor to LBW for the first time. The findings of this study should be confirmed through additional epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Jenny Duong
- New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
| | - F Benjamin Zhan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Texas Center for Geographic Information Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Bai J, Ma K, Xia S, Geng R, Shen C, Jiang L, Gong X, Yu H, Leng S, Guo Y. Pan-cancer mutational signature surveys correlated mutational signature with geospatial environmental exposures and viral infections. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5413-5422. [PMID: 38022689 PMCID: PMC10652135 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer has been disproportionally affecting minorities. Genomic-based cancer disparity analyses have been less common than conventional epidemiological studies. In the past decade, mutational signatures have been established as characteristic footprints of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. Methods Integrating datasets of diverse cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas and geospatial environmental risks of the registry hospitals from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, we explored mutational signatures from the aspect of racial disparity concerning pollutant exposures. The raw geospatial environmental exposure data were refined to 449 air pollutants archived and modeled from 2007 to 2017 and aggregated to the census county level. Additionally, hepatitis B and C viruses and human papillomavirus infection statuses were incorporated into analyses for skin cancer, cervical cancer, and liver cancer. Results Mutation frequencies of key oncogenic genes varied substantially between different races. These differences were further translated into differences in mutational signatures. Survival analysis revealed that the increased pollution level is associated with worse survival. The analysis of the oncogenic virus revealed that aflatoxin, an affirmed carcinogen for liver cancer, was higher in Asian liver cancer patients than in White patients. The aflatoxin mutational signature was exacerbated by hepatitis infection for Asian patients but not for White patients, suggesting a predisposed genetic or genomic disadvantage for Asians concerning aflatoxin. Conclusions Environmental pollutant exposures increase a mutational signature level and worsen cancer prognosis, presenting a definite adverse risk factor for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Bai
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Katherine Ma
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shangyang Xia
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Richard Geng
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claire Shen
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Limin Jiang
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico, NM 87109, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Public Health and Sciences, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Jiang M, Hu CJ, Rowe CL, Kang H, Gong X, Dagucon CP, Wang J, Lin Y, Sood A, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Alexis NE, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA, Yu X, Leng S. Application of artificial intelligence in quantifying lung deposition dose of black carbon in people with exposure to ambient combustion particles. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0. [PMID: 37848612 PMCID: PMC11021374 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding lung deposition dose of black carbon is critical to fully reconcile epidemiological evidence of combustion particles induced health effects and inform the development of air quality metrics concerning black carbon. Macrophage carbon load (MaCL) is a novel cytology method that quantifies lung deposition dose of black carbon, however it has limited feasibility in large-scale epidemiological study due to the labor-intensive manual counting. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between MaCL and episodic elevation of combustion particles; to develop artificial intelligence based counting algorithm for MaCL assay. METHODS Sputum slides were collected during episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 (n = 49, daily PM2.5 > 10 µg/m3 for over 2 weeks due to wildfire smoke intrusion in summer and local wood burning in winter) and low PM2.5 period (n = 39, 30-day average PM2.5 < 4 µg/m3) from the Lovelace Smokers cohort. RESULTS Over 98% individual carbon particles in macrophages had diameter <1 µm. MaCL levels scored manually were highly responsive to episodic elevation of ambient PM2.5 and also correlated with lung injury biomarker, plasma CC16. The association with CC16 became more robust when the assessment focused on macrophages with higher carbon load. A Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP) was developed based on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network. MacLEAP algorithm yielded excellent correlations with manual counting for number and area of the particles. The algorithm produced associations with ambient PM2.5 and plasma CC16 that were nearly identical in magnitude to those obtained through manual counting. IMPACT STATEMENT Understanding lung black carbon deposition is crucial for comprehending health effects of combustion particles. We developed "Machine-Learning algorithm for Engulfed cArbon Particles (MacLEAP)", the first artificial intelligence algorithm for quantifying airway macrophage black carbon. Our study bolstered the algorithm with more training images and its first use in air pollution epidemiology. We revealed macrophage carbon load as a sensitive biomarker for heightened ambient combustion particles due to wildfires and residential wood burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Chelin Jamie Hu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cassie L Rowe
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jialiang Wang
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico College of Nursing, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Huang Y, Gong X, Liu L, Luo L, Leng S, Lin Y. Maternal exposure to metal components of PM 2.5 and low birth weight in New Mexico, USA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:98526-98535. [PMID: 37608181 PMCID: PMC10829739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Infants with low birth weight (LBW) are more likely to have health problems than normal weight infants. In studies examining the associations between particulate matter (PM) exposures and LBW, there is a tendency to focus on PM2.5 as a whole. However, insufficient information is available regarding the effects of different components of PM2.5 on birth weight. This study identified the associations between maternal exposure to 10 metal components of PM2.5 and LBW in offspring based on small area (divided by population size) level data in New Mexico, USA, from 2012 to 2016. This study used a pruned feed-forward neural network (pruned-FNN) approach to estimate the annual average exposure index to each metal component in each small area. The linear regression model was employed to examine the association between maternal PM2.5 metal exposures and LBW rate in small areas, adjusting for the female percentage and race/ethnicity compositions, marriage status, and educational level in the population. An interquartile range increase in maternal exposure to mercury and chromium of PM2.5 increased LBW rate by 0.43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.68%) and 0.63% (95% CI: 0.15-1.12%), respectively. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to metal components of air pollutants may increase the risk of LBW in offspring. With no similar studies in New Mexico, this study also posed great importance because of a higher LBW rate in New Mexico than the national average. These findings provide critical information to inform further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Huang
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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6
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Beeche CA, Garcia MA, Leng S, Roghanchi P, Pu J. Computational risk modeling of underground coal mines based on NIOSH employment demographics. Saf Sci 2023; 164:106170. [PMID: 37206436 PMCID: PMC10191417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the feasibility of predicting the risk of underground coal mine operations using data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Methods A total of 22,068 data entries from 3,982 unique underground coal mines from 1990 to 2020 were extracted from the NIOSH mine employment database. We defined the risk index of a mine as the ratio between the number of injuries and the size of the mine. Several machine learning models were used to predict the risk of a mine based on its employment demographics (i.e., number of underground employees, number of surface employees, and coal production). Based on these models, a mine was classified into a "low-risk" or "high-risk" category and assigned with a fuzzy risk index. Risk probabilities were then computed to generate risk profiles and identify mines with potential hazards. Results NIOSH mine demographic features yielded a prediction performance with an AUC of 0.724 (95% CI 0.717-0.731) based on the last 31-years' mine data and an AUC of 0.738 (95% CI: 0.726, 0.749) on the last 16-years' mine data. Fuzzy risk score shows that risk is greatest in mines with an average of 621 underground employees and a production of 4,210,150 tons. The ratio of tons/employee maximizes the risk at 16,342.18 tons/employee. Conclusion It is possible to predict the risk of underground coal mines based on their employee demographics and optimizing the allocation and distribution of employees in coal mines can help minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A. Beeche
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maria Acevedo Garcia
- Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Pedram Roghanchi
- Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Jiantao Pu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding authors and guarantors of the entire manuscript: Jiantao Pu, PhD, 3240 Craft Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, , (412) 641-2571
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Hurwitz I, Yingling AV, Amirkabirian T, Castillo A, Khan JJ, Do A, Lundquist DK, Barnes O, Lambert CG, Fieck A, Mertz G, Onyango C, Anyona SB, Teixeira JP, Harkins M, Unruh M, Cheng Q, Leng S, Seidenberg P, Worsham A, Langsjoen JO, Schneider KA, Perkins DJ. Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 severity and mortality on hospitalized American Indian/Alaska Native patients. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad259. [PMID: 37649584 PMCID: PMC10465079 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data across the United States of America illustrate health disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality by race/ethnicity. However, limited information is available from prospective observational studies in hospitalized patients, particularly for American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. Here, we present risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 and mortality in patients (4/2020-12/2021, n = 475) at the University of New Mexico Hospital. Data were collected on patient demographics, infection duration, laboratory measures, comorbidities, treatment(s), major clinical events, and in-hospital mortality. Severe disease was defined by COVID-related intensive care unit requirements and/or death. The cohort was stratified by self-reported race/ethnicity: AI/AN (30.7%), Hispanic (47.0%), non-Hispanic White (NHW, 18.5%), and Other (4.0%, not included in statistical comparisons). Despite similar timing of infection and comparable comorbidities, admission characteristics for AI/AN patients included younger age (P = 0.02), higher invasive mechanical ventilation requirements (P = 0.0001), and laboratory values indicative of more severe disease. Throughout hospitalization, the AI/AN group also experienced elevated invasive mechanical ventilation (P < 0.0001), shock (P = 0.01), encephalopathy (P = 0.02), and severe COVID-19 (P = 0.0002), consistent with longer hospitalization (P < 0.0001). Self-reported AI/AN race/ethnicity emerged as the highest risk factor for severe COVID-19 (OR = 3.19; 95% CI = 1.70-6.01; P = 0.0003) and was a predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.12-4.92; P = 0.02). Results from this study highlight the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on hospitalized AI/AN patients, who experienced more severe illness and associated mortality, compared to Hispanic and NHW patients, even when accounting for symptom onset and comorbid conditions. These findings underscore the need for interventions and resources to address health disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Hurwitz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Alexandra V Yingling
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Teah Amirkabirian
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Amber Castillo
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Jehanzaeb J Khan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Alexandra Do
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4720, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Dominic K Lundquist
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4720, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - October Barnes
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
- Division of Translational Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Annabeth Fieck
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Gregory Mertz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Clinton Onyango
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Main Campus-Busia Road, PO Box Private Bag-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Samuel B Anyona
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Maseno University, Main Campus-Busia Road, PO Box Private Bag-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - J Pedro Teixeira
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Michelle Harkins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Mark Unruh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Philip Seidenberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC11 6025, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Anthony Worsham
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Jens O Langsjoen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Kristan A Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer- and Biosciences, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
| | - Douglas J Perkins
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Wang X, Leng S, Lu Z, Huang S, Lee BH, Baskaran L, Yew MS, Teo L, Chan MY, Ngiam KY, Lee HK, Zhong L, Huang W. Context-aware deep network for coronary artery stenosis classification in coronary CT angiography. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083399 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Automatic coronary artery stenosis grading plays an important role in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Due to the difficulty of learning the informative features from varying grades of stenosis, it is still a challenging task to identify coronary artery stenosis from coronary CT angiography (CCTA). In this paper, we propose a context-aware deep network (CADN) for coronary artery stenosis classification. The proposed method integrates 3D CNN with Transformer to improve the feature representation of coronary artery stenosis in CCTA. We evaluate the proposed method on a multicenter dataset (APOLLO study with NCT05509010). Experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve the accuracy of 0.84, 0.83, and 0.86 for stenosis diagnosis on the lesion, artery, and patient levels, respectively.
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9
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Ning J, Pei Z, Wang M, Hu H, Chen M, Liu Q, Wu M, Yang P, Geng Z, Zheng J, Du Z, Hu W, Wang Q, Pang Y, Bao L, Niu Y, Leng S, Zhang R. Site-specific Atg13 methylation-mediated autophagy regulates epithelial inflammation in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Hazard Mater 2023; 457:131791. [PMID: 37295326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matters (PM2.5) increased the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lung epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis remained elusive. Here we developed PM2.5-exposure lung epithelial cells and mice models to investigate the role of autophagy in lung epithelia mediating inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in lung epithelial cells and then drove pulmonary fibrosis by activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PM2.5-downregulated ALKBH5 protein expression promotes m6A modification of Atg13 mRNA at site 767 in lung epithelial cells. Atg13-mediated ULK complex positively regulated autophagy and inflammation in epithelial cells with PM2.5 treatment. Knockout of ALKBH5 in mice further accelerated ULK complex-regulated autophagy, inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, our results highlighted that site-specific m6A methylation on Atg13 mRNA regulated epithelial inflammation-driven pulmonary fibrosis in an autophagy-dependent manner upon PM2.5 exposure, and it provided target intervention strategies towards PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Mengruo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huaifang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Peihao Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zhe Du
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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10
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Oliver AA, Koons EK, Trester PS, Kleinow JE, Jonsgaard RS, Vercnocke AJ, Bilgin C, Kadirvel R, Leng S, Lu A, Dragomir-Daescu D, Kallmes DF. Medical Imaging Compatibility of Magnesium- and Iron-Based Bioresorbable Flow Diverters. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:668-674. [PMID: 37169543 PMCID: PMC10249688 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bioresorbable flow diverters are under development to mitigate complications associated with conventional flow-diverter technology. One proposed advantage is the ability to reduce metal-induced artifacts in follow-up medical imaging. In the current work, the medical imaging compatibility of magnesium- and iron-based bioresorbable flow diverters is assessed relative to an FDA-approved control in phantom models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioresorbable flow diverters, primarily composed of braided magnesium or antiferromagnetic iron alloy wires, were compared with an FDA-approved control flow diverter. The devices were assessed for MR imaging safety in terms of magnetically induced force and radiofrequency heating using 1.5T, 3T, and 7T field strength clinical scanners. The devices were deployed in phantom models, and metal-induced image artifacts were assessed in the 3 MR imaging scanners and a clinical CT scanner following clinical scan protocols; device visibility was assessed under fluoroscopy. RESULTS The magnesium-based bioresorbable flow diverter, iron-based bioresorbable flow diverter, and the control device all demonstrated MR imaging safety in terms of magnetically induced force and radiofrequency heating at all 3 field strengths. The bioresorbable flow diverters did not elicit excessive MR imaging artifacts at any field strength relative to the control. Furthermore, the bioresorbable flow diverters appeared to reduce blooming artifacts in CT relative to the control. The iron-based bioresorbable flow diverter and control device were visible under standard fluoroscopy. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the baseline medical imaging compatibility of magnesium and antiferromagnetic iron alloy bioresorbable flow diverters. Future work will evaluate the medical imaging characteristics of the bioresorbable flow diverters in large-animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Oliver
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., S.L., D.D.-D, D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.A.O., D.D.-D.)
| | - E K Koons
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., S.L., D.D.-D, D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - P S Trester
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - J E Kleinow
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - R S Jonsgaard
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - A J Vercnocke
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - C Bilgin
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - R Kadirvel
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
- Neurosurgery (R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - S Leng
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., S.L., D.D.-D, D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - A Lu
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
| | - D Dragomir-Daescu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., S.L., D.D.-D, D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.A.O., D.D.-D.)
| | - D F Kallmes
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., S.L., D.D.-D, D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
- Departments of Radiology (A.A.O., E.K.K., P.S.T., J.E.K., R.S.J., A.J.V., C.B., R.K. S.L., A.L., D.F.K.)
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11
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Wong JY, Blechter B, Bassig BA, Dai Y, Vermeulen R, Hu W, Rahman ML, Duan H, Niu Y, Downward GS, Leng S, Ji BT, Fu W, Xu J, Meliefste K, Zhou B, Yang J, Ren D, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Hosgood HD, Rothman N, Silverman DT, Zheng Y, Lan Q. Alterations to biomarkers related to long-term exposure to diesel exhaust at concentrations below occupational exposure limits in the European Union and the USA. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:260-267. [PMID: 36972977 PMCID: PMC10337808 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) was associated with alterations to 19 biomarkers that potentially reflect the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Whether DEE is associated with biological alterations at concentrations under existing or recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs) is unclear. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 54 factory workers exposed long-term to DEE and 55 unexposed controls, we reanalysed the 19 previously identified biomarkers. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare biomarker levels between DEE-exposed versus unexposed subjects and to assess elemental carbon (EC) exposure-response relationships, adjusted for age and smoking status. We analysed each biomarker at EC concentrations below the US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) OEL (<106 µg/m3), below the European Union (EU) OEL (<50 µg/m3) and below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommendation (<20 µg/m3). RESULTS Below the MSHA OEL, 17 biomarkers were altered between DEE-exposed workers and unexposed controls. Below the EU OEL, DEE-exposed workers had elevated lymphocytes (p=9E-03, false discovery rate (FDR)=0.04), CD4+ count (p=0.02, FDR=0.05), CD8+ count (p=5E-03, FDR=0.03) and miR-92a-3p (p=0.02, FDR=0.05), and nasal turbinate gene expression (first principal component: p=1E-06, FDR=2E-05), as well as decreased C-reactive protein (p=0.02, FDR=0.05), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (p=0.04, FDR=0.09), miR-423-3p (p=0.04, FDR=0.09) and miR-122-5p (p=2E-03, FDR=0.02). Even at EC concentrations under the ACGIH recommendation, we found some evidence of exposure-response relationships for miR-423-3p (ptrend=0.01, FDR=0.19) and gene expression (ptrend=0.02, FDR=0.19). CONCLUSIONS DEE exposure under existing or recommended OELs may be associated with biomarkers reflective of cancer-related processes, including inflammatory/immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yy Wong
- Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- The Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George S Downward
- The Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Lianing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Community Medicine and Public Health Practice, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kees Meliefste
- The Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baosen Zhou
- China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Lianing, China
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Lianing, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Epidemiology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Guo Y, Bai J, Ma K, Xia S, Leng S, Yu H, Gong X. Abstract 3505: Cancer disparities in race exposed through geospatial analysis of mutational signatures and environmental exposure. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer has been disproportionally affecting minorities in the US due to socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic disparities. Cancer disparities are usually measured in incidence, mortality, survival, etc. Genomic-based cancer disparity analyses have been less common. In the past decade, mutational signatures were proposed as characteristic footprints of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens, which remarkably propelled the progress of genomic cancer research. The disparities caused by uneven exposure to environmental pollutants may be recorded in mutational signatures.
Method: The Cancer Genome Altas is one of the richest genomic cancer datasets, empowering hundreds of secondary and tertiary cancer studies. One aspect of TCGA data that is seldomly utilized is geospatial information. Based on the contribution hospital location, we estimated the patients’ approximate location. Furthermore, utilizing data on 450 pollutants released by the Environmental Protection Agency from 2007-2017, we were able to establish associations between mutational signatures and certain pollutants. To remove the noise introduced by approximating the location and average pollution level, stringent statistical procedures were applied.
Results: First, we showed that mutation frequencies varied substantially between different races. For example, TP53 was mutated in 46% of Black breast cancer patients, compared to 31% in Whites. Such differences in single genes translated to the level of mutational signatures. Liver cancer has aflatoxin as an affirmed carcinogen, and we compared the quantities of aflatoxin signature across races. It was found that aflatoxin contributed significantly higher (FDR = 0.002) to mutations in Asian than in Caucasians. In-depth analyses revealed that aflatoxin had a strong effect on hepatitis C virus infection in addition to the previously reported effect on hepatitis B virus infection. Similarly, as a known critical player in head and neck tumors, APOBEC signature was found at a significantly higher level (FDR = 0.01) in patients with positive infection of human papillomavirus. Furthermore, analyses from the geospatial perspective revealed several potential associations between pollutants and mutational signatures. For example, the pollutant carbofuran is positively associated with mutational signature SBS10a with the etiology of Polymerase epsilon exonuclease domain mutations (FDR = 0.02).
Summary: We conducted a thorough mutational signature-based cancer disparity analysis. Our results reinforced previously known facts and expectations of oncogene mutations. The novel results demonstrated representative links between various forms of cancer disparity and genomic mutation footprints. Most importantly, such disparities can be interrogated at the mutational signature level and correlated to environmental pollutants.
Citation Format: Yan Guo, Judy Bai, Katherine Ma, Shangyang Xia, Shuguang Leng, Hui Yu, Xi Gong. Cancer disparities in race exposed through geospatial analysis of mutational signatures and environmental exposure [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- 1University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Judy Bai
- 1University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | | | | | - Hui Yu
- 1University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Xi Gong
- 1University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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13
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Huang Y, Gong X, Liu L, Luo L, Leng S, Lin Y. Maternal exposure to metal components of PM2.5 and low birth weight in New Mexico, USA. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2666605. [PMID: 37034648 PMCID: PMC10081375 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2666605/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Infants with low birth weight (LBW) are more likely to have health problems than normal weight infants. In studies examining the associations between particulate matter (PM) exposures and LBW, there is a tendency to focus on PM 2.5 as a whole. However, insufficient information is available regarding the effects of different components of PM 2.5 on birth weight. This study identified the associations between maternal exposure to 10 metal components of PM 2.5 and LBW in offspring based on small area (divided by population size) level data in New Mexico, USA, from 2012 to 2016. This study used a pruned feed-forward neural network (pruned-FNN) approach to estimate the annual average exposure index to each metal component in each small area. The linear regression model was employed to examine the association between maternal PM 2.5 metal exposures and LBW rate in small areas, adjusting for the female percentage and race/ethnicity compositions, marriage status and educational level in the population. An interquartile range increase in maternal exposure to mercury and chromium of PM 2.5 increased LBW rate by 0.43% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18%-0.68%) and 0.63% (95% CI: 0.15%-1.12%), respectively. These findings suggest that maternal exposure to metal components of air pollutants may increase the risk of LBW in offspring. With no similar studies in New Mexico, this study also posed great importance because of a higher LBW rate in New Mexico than the national average. These findings provide critical information to inform further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Huang
- The University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | | | - Lin Liu
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Li Luo
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Shuguang Leng
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
| | - Yan Lin
- University of New Mexico - Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico
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14
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Leng S, Xu W, Wu L, Liu L, Du J, Yang F, Huang D, Zhang L. NLRP3 Disturbs Treg/Th17 Cell Balance to Aggravate Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:656-666. [PMID: 36883625 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231151692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that is considered an immunological reaction of the periapical tissue to invading bacteria and their pathogenic components. Recent research has revealed that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is crucial to the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and serves as a link between innate and adaptive immunity. The balance between regulatory T-cell (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell) determines the direction of the inflammatory response. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether NLRP3 exacerbated periapical inflammation by disturbing Treg/Th17 balance and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In the present study, NLRP3 was raised in apical periodontitis tissues as opposed to healthy pulp tissues. Low NLRP3 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) increased transforming growth factor β secretion while decreasing interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production. The Treg ratio and IL-10 secretion rose when CD4+ T cells were cocultured with DCs primed with IL-1β neutralizing antibody (anti-IL-1β) and specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NLRP3 (siRNA NLRP3), but the proportion of Th17 cells and IL-17 release dropped. Furthermore, siRNA NLRP3-mediated suppression of NLRP3 expression aided Treg differentiation and elevated Foxp3 expression as well as IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells. Inhibition of NLRP3 activity by MCC950 boosted the percentage of Tregs while decreasing the ratio of Th17 cells, leading to reduced periapical inflammation and bone resorption. Nigericin administration, however, exacerbated periapical inflammation and bone destruction with an unbalanced Treg/Th17 response. These findings demonstrate that NLRP3 is a pivotal regulator by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines from DCs or directly suppressing Foxp3 expression to disturb Treg/Th17 balance, thus exacerbating apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Wu
- Department of Geriatric Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Health Care (Department of General Dentistry II), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Huls SJ, Shlapak DP, Kim DK, Leng S, Carr CM. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:E17. [PMID: 36822825 PMCID: PMC10187820 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Huls
- Department of RadiologyMayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard InstitutionRochester, Minnesota
| | - D P Shlapak
- Department of RadiologyMayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard InstitutionRochester, Minnesota
| | - D K Kim
- Department of RadiologyMayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard InstitutionRochester, Minnesota
| | - S Leng
- Department of RadiologyMayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard InstitutionRochester, Minnesota
| | - C M Carr
- Department of RadiologyMayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard InstitutionRochester, Minnesota
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Cheng N, Tan EWP, Leng S, Baskaran L, Teo L, Yew MS, Singh M, Huang WM, Chan MYY, Ngiam KY, Vaughan R, Chua T, Tan SY, Lee HK, Zhong L. Machine learning accurately quantifies epicardial adipose tissue from non-contrast CT images in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Industry Alignment Fund – Pre-positioning Programme
Background
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat deposit within the pericardium that surrounds the heart and the coronary arteries. EAT volume measured from non-contrast CT (NCCT) has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular risk,1 particularly in patients with coronary artery disease.2 However, routine measurement of EAT volume is still challenging in clinical practice, as it is a tedious manual process and prone to human error.
Purpose
We aimed to develop a fully automated AI toolkit (i.e., AI EAT) for the quantification of EAT from routine NCCT scans and assess its performance in reference to clinical ground truth.
Methods
This is a multicenter study which performs CT scans in 5000 Asian Admixture patients (APOLLO study NCT05509010). In the current stage of this study, NCCT data analysis were conducted in 551 patients with 26,037 images. AI EAT was developed via a novel deep learning framework using an ensemble region-based UNet. The region-based UNet uses 2 component UNet models to perform segmentation of pericardium at the apex region and non-apex region (middle and basal). EAT volume was obtained by automated thresholding of the voxels (-190 to -30 Hounsfield Unit) within the pericardium (Figure 1). The network was trained in 501 patients with 23,712 NCCT images and tested in 50 patients with 2,325 NCCT images. The performance of AI EAT was evaluated with respect to clinical ground truth using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results
The AI EAT quantification process took less than 10 seconds per subject, compared with 20-30 minutes for expert readers. Compared to clinical ground truth, our AI EAT achieved a DSC of 0.96±0.01 and 0.91±0.02 for pericardium and EAT segmentations, respectively. There was strong agreement between the AI EAT and clinical ground truth in deriving the EAT volume (r=0.99, P<0.001) with minimal error of 7±5%.
Conclusion
End-to-end deep learning system accurately quantifies epicardial adipose tissue in standard NCCT images without manual segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - E W P Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Leng
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Baskaran
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Teo
- National University Hospital; National University of Singapore, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M S Yew
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Singh
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W M Huang
- Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre; National University of Singapore, Department of Cardiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K Y Ngiam
- National University Hospital; National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Department of Surgery; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - R Vaughan
- Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T Chua
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Y Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H K Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
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17
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Zhai T, Diergaarde B, Wilson DO, Kang H, Sood A, Bayliss SH, Yuan JM, Picchi MA, Lan Q, Belinsky SA, Siegfried JM, Cook LS, Leng S. Early natural menopause is associated with poor lung health and increased mortality among female smokers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:885.e1-885.e12. [PMID: 35934119 PMCID: PMC9729368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early natural menopause has been regarded as a biomarker of reproductive and somatic aging. Cigarette smoking is the most harmful factor for lung health and also an established risk factor for early menopause. Understanding the effect of early menopause on health outcomes in middle-aged and older female smokers is important to develop preventive strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of early menopause with multiple lung health and aging biomarkers, lung cancer risk, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in postmenopausal women who were moderate or heavy smokers. STUDY DESIGN This study was conducted on postmenopausal women with natural (n=1038) or surgical (n=628) menopause from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study. The Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study is a community-based research cohort of current and former smokers, screened with low-dose computed tomography and followed up for lung cancer. Early menopause was defined as occurring before 45 years of age. The analyses were stratified by menopause types because of the different biological and medical causes of natural and surgical menopause. Statistical methods included linear model, generalized linear model, linear mixed-effects model, and time-to-event analysis. RESULTS The average age of the 1666 female smokers was 59.4±6.7 years, with 1519 (91.2%) of the population as non-Hispanic Whites and 1064 (63.9%) of the population as current smokers at baseline. Overall, 646 (39%) women reported early menopause, including 198 (19.1%) women with natural menopause and 448 (71.3%) women with surgical menopause (P<.001). Demographic variables did not differ between early and nonearly menopause groups, regardless of menopause type. Significant associations were identified between early natural menopause and higher risk of wheezing (odds ratio, 1.65; P<.01), chronic bronchitis (odds ratio, 1.73; P<.01), and radiographic emphysema (odds ratio, 1.70; P<.001) and lower baseline lung spirometry in an obstructive pattern (-104.8 mL/s for forced expiratory volume in the first second with P<.01, -78.6 mL for forced vital capacity with P=.04, and -2.1% for forced expiratory volume in the first second-to-forced vital capacity ratio with P=.01). In addition, early natural menopause was associated with a more rapid decline of forced expiratory volume in the first second-to-forced vital capacity ratio (-0.16% per year; P=.01) and incident airway obstruction (odds ratio, 2.02; P=.04). Furthermore, women early natural menopause had a 40% increased risk of death (P=.023), which was mainly driven by respiratory diseases (hazard ratio, 2.32; P<.001). Mediation analyses further identified that more than 33.3% of the magnitude of the associations between early natural menopause and all-cause and respiratory mortality were explained by baseline forced expiratory volume in the first second. Additional analyses in women with natural menopause identified that the associations between continuous smoking and subsequent lung cancer risk and cancer mortality were moderated by early menopause status, and females with early natural menopause who continued smoking had the worst outcomes (hazard ratio, >4.6; P<.001). This study did not find associations reported above in female smokers with surgical menopause. CONCLUSION Early natural menopause was found to be a risk factor for malignant and nonmalignant lung diseases and mortality in middle-aged and older female smokers. These findings have strong public health relevance as preventive strategies, including smoking cessation and chest computed tomography screening, should target this population (ie, female smokers with early natural menopause) to improve their postmenopausal health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David O Wilson
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Samuel H Bayliss
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM; Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Arora, CO
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM; Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM.
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18
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Rajendran K, Benson JC, Lane J, Diehn F, Weber N, Thorne J, Larson N, Fletcher J, McCollough C, Leng S. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:E44. [PMID: 36202549 PMCID: PMC9731242 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Rajendran
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - J C Benson
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - J Lane
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - F Diehn
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - N Weber
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - J Thorne
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - N Larson
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - J Fletcher
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - C McCollough
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
| | - S Leng
- Department of RadiologyMayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota
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19
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Qiu AY, Leng S, McCormack M, Peden DB, Sood A. Lung Effects of Household Air Pollution. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022; 10:2807-2819. [PMID: 36064186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass fuel smoke, secondhand smoke, and oxides of nitrogen are common causes of household air pollution (HAP). Almost 2.4 billion people worldwide use solid fuels for cooking and heating, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. Wood combustion for household heating is also common in many areas of high-income countries, and minorities are particularly vulnerable. HAP in low- and middle-income countries is associated with asthma, acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and respiratory mortality. Although wood smoke exposure levels in high-income countries are typically lower than in lower-income countries, it is similarly associated with accelerated lung function decline, higher prevalence of airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis, and higher all-cause and respiratory cause-specific mortality. Household air cleaners with high-efficiency particle filters have mixed effects on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outcomes. Biomass fuel interventions in low-income countries include adding chimneys to cookstoves, improving biomass fuel combustion stoves, and switching fuel to liquid petroleum gas. Still, the impact on health outcomes is inconsistent. In high-income countries, strategies for reducing biomass fuel-related HAP are centered on community-level woodstove changeout programs, although the results are again inconsistent. In addition, initiatives to encourage home smoking bans have mixed success in households with children. Environmental solutions to reduce HAP have varying success in reducing pollutants and health problems. Improved understanding of indoor air quality factors and actions that prevent degradation or improve polluted indoor air may lead to enhanced environmental health policies, but health outcomes must be rigorously examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Y Qiu
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Shuguang Leng
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - David B Peden
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Akshay Sood
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; Miners Colfax Medical Center, Raton, NM.
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20
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Seow WJ, Hu W, Dai Y, Vermeulen R, Byun HM, Wong JYY, Bassig BA, Blechter B, Duan H, Niu Y, Downward G, Leng S, Ji BT, Fu W, Xu J, Meliefste K, Yang J, Ren D, Ye M, Meng T, Bin P, Hosgood HD, Silverman DT, Rothman N, Zheng Y, Lan Q. Association between diesel exhaust exposure and mitochondrial DNA methylation. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:1131-1136. [PMID: 36200867 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust is an established human carcinogen, however the mechanisms by which it leads to cancer development are not fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established contributor to carcinogenesis. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the role played by epigenetic modifications in the mitochondrial genome on tumorigenesis. In this study, we aim to evaluate the association between diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation levels in workers exposed to DEE. METHODS The study population consisted of 53 male workers employed at a diesel engine manufacturing facility in Northern China who were routinely exposed to diesel exhaust in their occupational setting, as well as 55 unexposed male control workers from other unrelated factories in the same geographic area. Exposure to DEE, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and particulate matter (PM2.5) were assessed. mtDNA methylation for CpG sites (CpGs) from seven mitochondrial genes (D-Loop, MT-RNR1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3, MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8, MT-ND5) was measured in blood samples. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between DEE, elemental carbon, organic carbon and PM2.5 exposures with mtDNA methylation levels, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS DEE exposure was associated with decreased MT-ATP6 (difference= -35.6%, p-value= 0.019) and MT-ATP8 methylation (difference= -30%, p-value= 0.029) compared to unexposed controls. Exposures to elemental carbon, organic carbon, and PM2.5 were also significantly and inversely associated with methylation in MT-ATP6 and MT-ATP8 genes (all p-values < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DEE exposure perturbs mtDNA methylation, which may be of importance for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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21
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Wong JYY, Imani P, Grigoryan H, Bassig BA, Dai Y, Hu W, Blechter B, Rahman ML, Ji BT, Duan H, Niu Y, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Downward G, Meliefste K, Leng S, Fu W, Yang J, Ren D, Xu J, Zhou B, Hosgood HD, Vermeulen R, Zheng Y, Silverman DT, Rothman N, Rappaport SM, Lan Q. Exposure to diesel engine exhaust and alterations to the Cys34/Lys525 adductome of human serum albumin. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103966. [PMID: 36067935 PMCID: PMC9757949 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether exposure to carcinogenic diesel engine exhaust (DEE) was associated with altered adduct levels in human serum albumin (HSA) residues. Nano-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS) was used to measure adducts of Cys34 and Lys525 residues in plasma samples from 54 diesel engine factory workers and 55 unexposed controls. An untargeted adductomics and bioinformatics pipeline was used to find signatures of Cys34/Lys525 adductome modifications. To identify adducts that were altered between DEE-exposed and unexposed participants, we used an ensemble feature selection approach that ranks and combines findings from linear regression and penalized logistic regression, then aggregates the important findings with those determined by random forest. We detected 40 Cys34 and 9 Lys525 adducts. Among these findings, we found evidence that 6 Cys34 adducts were altered between DEE-exposed and unexposed participants (i.e., 841.75, 851.76, 856.10, 860.77, 870.43, and 913.45). These adducts were biologically related to antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Partow Imani
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Baosen Zhou
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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22
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Huls SJ, Shlapak DP, Kim DK, Leng S, Carr CM. Utility of Dual-Energy CT to Improve Diagnosis of CSF Leaks on CT Myelography following Lateral Decubitus Digital Subtraction Myelography with Negative Findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1539-1543. [PMID: 36574327 PMCID: PMC9575522 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CSF leaks, including CSF-venous fistulas, which cause spontaneous intracranial hypotension, remain difficult to diagnose, even on digital subtraction myelography and CT myelography. Dual-energy CT technology has been used to improve diagnostic utility within multiple organ systems. The capability of dual-energy CT to create virtual monoenergetic images can be leveraged to increase conspicuity of contrast in CSF-venous fistulas and direct epidural CSF leakage to improve the diagnostic utility of CT myelography. Six cases (in 5 patients) are shown in which virtual monoenergetic images demonstrate a leak location that was either occult or poorly visible on high- or low-kilovolt series. This clinical report describes the novel application of dual-energy CT for the detection of subtle CSF leaks including CSF-venous fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Huls
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard Institution, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D P Shlapak
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard Institution, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - D K Kim
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard Institution, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - S Leng
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard Institution, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C M Carr
- From the Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Ringgold Standard Institution, Rochester, Minnesota
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23
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Leng S, Picchi MA, Meek PM, Jiang M, Bayliss SH, Zhai T, Bayliyev RI, Tesfaigzi Y, Campen MJ, Kang H, Zhu Y, Lan Q, Sood A, Belinsky SA. Wood smoke exposure affects lung aging, quality of life, and all-cause mortality in New Mexican smokers. Respir Res 2022; 23:236. [PMID: 36076291 PMCID: PMC9454202 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of wood smoke (WS) exposure in the etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and mortality remains elusive in adults from countries with low ambient levels of combustion-emitted particulate matter. This study aims to delineate the impact of WS exposure on lung health and mortality in adults age 40 and older who ever smoked. Methods We assessed health impact of self-reported “ever WS exposure for over a year” in the Lovelace Smokers Cohort using both objective measures (i.e., lung function decline, LC incidence, and deaths) and two health related quality-of-life questionnaires (i.e., lung disease-specific St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ] and the generic 36-item short-form health survey). Results Compared to subjects without WS exposure, subjects with WS exposure had a more rapid decline of FEV1 (− 4.3 ml/s, P = 0.025) and FEV1/FVC ratio (− 0.093%, P = 0.015), but not of FVC (− 2.4 ml, P = 0.30). Age modified the impacts of WS exposure on lung function decline. WS exposure impaired all health domains with the increase in SGRQ scores exceeding the minimal clinically important difference. WS exposure increased hazard for incidence of LC and death of all-cause, cardiopulmonary diseases, and cancers by > 50% and shortened the lifespan by 3.5 year. We found no evidence for differential misclassification or confounding from socioeconomic status for the health effects of WS exposure. Conclusions We identified epidemiological evidence supporting WS exposure as an independent etiological factor for the development of COPD through accelerating lung function decline in an obstructive pattern. Time-to-event analyses of LC incidence and cancer-specific mortality provide human evidence supporting the carcinogenicity of WS exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02162-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Paula M Meek
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Samuel H Bayliss
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ting Zhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ruslan I Bayliyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01255, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yiliang Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.,Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
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Wang C, Leng S, Tan R, Chai P, Fam J, Teo L, Chin C, Ong C, Baskaran L, Keng F, Low A, Chan M, Wong A, Chua T, Tan S, Lim S, Zhong L. 517 Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Based Morphological Index Predicts Coronary Ischemia. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Yap H, Loong Y, Raffiee N, Elankovan A, Wang X, Leng S, Ng J, Zhong L, Tan S, Baskaran L. 511 Quantification Of Epicardial Adipose Tissue On Non-Contrast CT: Reproducibility In A Cohort Of 50 Asian Patients. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Perkins DJ, Yingling AV, Cheng Q, Castillo A, Martinez J, Bradfute SB, Leng S, Edwards J, Guo Y, Mertz G, Harkins M, Unruh M, Worsham A, Lambert CG, Teixeira JP, Seidenberg P, Langsjoen J, Schneider K, Hurwitz I. Elevated SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral blood and increased COVID-19 severity in American Indians/Alaska Natives. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1253-1263. [PMID: 35491994 PMCID: PMC9379605 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data across the United States show health disparities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality by race/ethnicity. While the association between elevated SARS-CoV-2 viral loads (VLs) (i.e. upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood (PB)) and increased COVID-19 severity has been reported, data remain largely unavailable for some disproportionately impacted racial/ethnic groups, particularly for American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. As such, we determined the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 VL dynamics and disease severity in a diverse cohort of hospitalized patients. Results presented here are for study participants (n = 94, ages 21-88 years) enrolled in a prospective observational study between May and October 2020 who had SARS-CoV-2 viral clades 20A, C, and G. Based on self-reported race/ethnicity and sample size distribution, the cohort was stratified into two groups: (AI/AN, n = 43) and all other races/ethnicities combined (non-AI/AN, n = 51). SARS-CoV-2 VLs were quantified in the URT and PB on days 0-3, 6, 9, and 14. The strongest predictor of severe COVID-19 in the study population was the mean VL in PB (OR = 3.34; P = 2.00 × 10-4). The AI/AN group had the following: (1) comparable co-morbidities and admission laboratory values, yet more severe COVID-19 (OR = 4.81; P = 0.014); (2) a 2.1 longer duration of hospital stay (P = 0.023); and (3) higher initial and cumulative PB VLs during severe disease (P = 0.025). Moreover, self-reported race/ethnicity as AI/AN was the strongest predictor of elevated PB VLs (β = 1.08; P = 6.00 × 10-4) and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in PB (hazard ratio = 3.58; P = 0.004). The findings presented here suggest a strong relationship between PB VL (magnitude and frequency) and severe COVID-19, particularly for the AI/AN group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Perkins
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alexandra V Yingling
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Amber Castillo
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Janae Martinez
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jeremy Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Gregory Mertz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michelle Harkins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mark Unruh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Anthony Worsham
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - J Pedro Teixeira
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Phillip Seidenberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jens Langsjoen
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kristan Schneider
- Department of Applied Computer- and Bio-Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Mittweida 09648, Germany
| | - Ivy Hurwitz
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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John C, Guyatt AL, Shrine N, Packer R, Olafsdottir TA, Liu J, Hayden LP, Chu SH, Koskela JT, Luan J, Li X, Terzikhan N, Xu H, Bartz TM, Petersen H, Leng S, Belinsky SA, Cepelis A, Hernández Cordero AI, Obeidat M, Thorleifsson G, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Sakoda LC, Iribarren C, Tesfaigzi Y, Gharib SA, Dupuis J, Brusselle G, Lahousse L, Ortega VE, Jonsdottir I, Sin DD, Bossé Y, van den Berge M, Nickle D, Quint JK, Sayers I, Hall IP, Langenberg C, Ripatti S, Laitinen T, Wu AC, Lasky-Su J, Bakke P, Gulsvik A, Hersh CP, Hayward C, Langhammer A, Brumpton B, Stefansson K, Cho MH, Wain LV, Tobin MD. Genetic Associations and Architecture of Asthma-COPD Overlap. Chest 2022; 161:1155-1166. [PMID: 35104449 PMCID: PMC9131047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.12.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some people have characteristics of both asthma and COPD (asthma-COPD overlap), and evidence suggests they experience worse outcomes than those with either condition alone. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the genetic architecture of asthma-COPD overlap, and do the determinants of risk for asthma-COPD overlap differ from those for COPD or asthma? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study in 8,068 asthma-COPD overlap case subjects and 40,360 control subjects without asthma or COPD of European ancestry in UK Biobank (stage 1). We followed up promising signals (P < 5 × 10-6) that remained associated in analyses comparing (1) asthma-COPD overlap vs asthma-only control subjects, and (2) asthma-COPD overlap vs COPD-only control subjects. These variants were analyzed in 12 independent cohorts (stage 2). RESULTS We selected 31 independent variants for further investigation in stage 2, and discovered eight novel signals (P < 5 × 10-8) for asthma-COPD overlap (meta-analysis of stage 1 and 2 studies). These signals suggest a spectrum of shared genetic influences, some predominantly influencing asthma (FAM105A, GLB1, PHB, TSLP), others predominantly influencing fixed airflow obstruction (IL17RD, C5orf56, HLA-DQB1). One intergenic signal on chromosome 5 had not been previously associated with asthma, COPD, or lung function. Subgroup analyses suggested that associations at these eight signals were not driven by smoking or age at asthma diagnosis, and in phenome-wide scans, eosinophil counts, atopy, and asthma traits were prominent. INTERPRETATION We identified eight signals for asthma-COPD overlap, which may represent loci that predispose to type 2 inflammation, and serious long-term consequences of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine John
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England.
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Richard Packer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | | | - Jiangyuan Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lystra P Hayden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Su H Chu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jukka T Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England
| | - Xingnan Li
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanfei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Traci M Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Hans Petersen
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Aivaras Cepelis
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | | | - Ma'en Obeidat
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gudmar Thorleifsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology and UW Medicine Sleep Center, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, and GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Nickle
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Gossamer Bio, San Diego, CA
| | - Jennifer K Quint
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, England
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tarja Laitinen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ann C Wu
- Center for Healthcare Research in Pediatrics (CHeRP) and PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Levanger, Norway
| | - Ben Brumpton
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, England
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, England; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, England
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Benson J, Rajendran K, Lane J, Diehn F, Weber N, Thorne J, Larson N, Fletcher J, McCollough C, Leng S. A New Frontier in Temporal Bone Imaging: Photon-Counting Detector CT Demonstrates Superior Visualization of Critical Anatomic Structures at Reduced Radiation Dose. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:579-584. [PMID: 35332019 PMCID: PMC8993187 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Photon-counting detector CT is a new technology with a limiting spatial resolution of ≤150 μm. In vivo comparisons between photon-counting detector CT and conventional energy-integrating detector CT are needed to determine the clinical impact of photon counting-detector CT in temporal bone imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospectively recruited patients underwent temporal bone CT examinations on an investigational photon-counting detector CT system after clinically indicated temporal bone energy-integrating detector CT. Photon-counting detector CT images were obtained at an average 31% lower dose compared with those obtained on the energy-integrating detector CT scanner. Reconstructed images were evaluated in axial, coronal, and Pöschl planes using the smallest available section thickness on each system (0.4 mm on energy-integrating detector CT; 0.2 mm on photon-counting detector CT). Two blinded neuroradiologists compared images side-by-side and scored them using a 5-point Likert scale. A post hoc reassignment of readers' scores was performed so that the scores reflected photon-counting detector CT performance relative to energy-integrating detector CT. RESULTS Thirteen patients were enrolled, resulting in 26 image sets (left and right sides). The average patient age was 63.6 [SD, 13.4] years; 7 were women. Images from the photon-counting detector CT scanner were significantly preferred by the readers in all reconstructed planes (P < .001). Photon-counting detector CT was rated superior for the evaluation of all individual anatomic structures, with the oval window (4.79) and incudostapedial joint (4.75) receiving the highest scores on a Likert scale of 1-5. CONCLUSIONS Temporal bone CT images obtained on a photon-counting detector CT scanner were rated as having superior spatial resolution and better critical structure visualization than those obtained on a conventional energy-integrating detector scanner, even with a substantial dose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Benson
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - K. Rajendran
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - J.I. Lane
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - F.E. Diehn
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - N.M. Weber
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - J.E. Thorne
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - N.B. Larson
- Quantitative Health Sciences (N.B.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - J.G. Fletcher
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - C.H. McCollough
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
| | - S. Leng
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., K.R., J.I.L., F.E.D., N.M.W., J.E.T., J.G.F., C.H.M., S.L.)
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Cheng W, Pang H, Campen MJ, Zhang J, Li Y, Gao J, Ren D, Ji X, Rothman N, Lan Q, Zheng Y, Leng S, Hu Z, Tang J. Circulatory metabolites trigger ex vivo arterial endothelial cell dysfunction in population chronically exposed to diesel exhaust. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:20. [PMID: 35313899 PMCID: PMC8939222 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust has a causal link to cardiovascular diseases in various environmental and occupational settings. Arterial endothelial cell function plays an important role in ensuring proper maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and the endothelial cell dysfunction by circulatory inflammation is a hallmark in cardiovascular diseases. Acute exposure to diesel exhaust in controlled exposure studies leads to artery endothelial cells dysfunction in previous study, however the effect of chronic exposure remains unknown. Results We applied an ex vivo endothelial biosensor assay for serum samples from 133 diesel engine testers (DETs) and 126 non-DETs with the aim of identifying evidence of increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Environmental monitoring suggested that DETs were exposed to high levels of diesel exhaust aerosol (282.3 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 135.2 μg/m3 elemental carbon). Surprisingly, chronic diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype in the ex vivo endothelial cell model, in a dose-dependent manner with CCL5 and VCAM as most affected genes. This dysfunction was not mediated by reduction in circulatory pro-inflammatory factors but significantly associated with a reduction in circulatory metabolites cGMP and an increase in primary DNA damage in leucocyte in a dose-dependent manner, which also explained a large magnitude of association between diesel exhaust exposure and ex vivo endothelial biosensor response. Exogenous cGMP addition experiment further confirmed the induction of ex vivo biosensor gene expressions in endothelial cells treated with physiologically relevant levels of metabolites cGMP. Conclusion Serum-borne bioactivity caused the arterial endothelial cell dysfunction may attribute to the circulatory metabolites based on the ex vivo biosensor assay. The reduced cGMP and increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites-induced cyto/geno-toxic play important role in the endothelial cell dysfunction of workers chronic exposure to diesel exhaust. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00463-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinling Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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30
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Bruse S, Moreau M, Bromberg Y, Jang JH, Wang N, Ha H, Picchi M, Lin Y, Langley RJ, Qualls C, Klesney-Tait J, Zabner J, Leng S, Mao J, Belinsky SA, Xing J, Nyunoya T. Correction to: Whole exome sequencing identifies novel candidate genes that modify chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:74. [PMID: 34965893 PMCID: PMC8717643 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Bruse
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Michael Moreau
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hongseok Ha
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Maria Picchi
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Raymond J Langley
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Jenny Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Ass’ad NA, Shore X, Myers O, Camacho AR, Jacquez Q, Pollard C, Cook LS, Leng S, Page K, Sood A, Zychowski KE. VCAM-1 Is Upregulated in Uranium Miners Compared to Other Miners. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1223. [PMID: 34833099 PMCID: PMC8621685 DOI: 10.3390/life11111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States has a rich history of mining including uranium (U)-mining, coal mining, and other metal mining. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are largely understudied in miners and recent literature suggests that when compared to non-U miners, U-miners are more likely to report CVD. However, the molecular basis for this phenomenon is currently unknown. In this pilot study, a New Mexico (NM)-based occupational cohort of current and former miners (n = 44) were recruited via a mobile screening clinic for miners. Serum- and endothelial-based endpoints were used to assess circulating inflammatory potential relevant to CVD. Non-U miners reported significantly fewer pack years of smoking than U-miners. Circulating biomarkers of interest revealed that U-miners had significantly greater serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, ng/mL), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1, ng/mL), and VCAM-1 mRNA expression, as determined by the serum cumulative inflammatory potential (SCIP) assay, an endothelial-based assay. Even after adjusting for various covariates, including age, multivariable analysis determined that U-miners had significantly upregulated VCAM-1 mRNA. In conclusion, VCAM-1 may be an important biomarker and possible contributor of CVD in U-miners. Further research to explore this mechanism may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A. Ass’ad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.A.A.); (L.S.C.); (S.L.); (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Xin Shore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (X.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Orrin Myers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (X.S.); (O.M.)
| | - Alexandra R. Camacho
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.R.C.); (Q.J.)
| | - Quiteria Jacquez
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.R.C.); (Q.J.)
| | - Charles Pollard
- Miners’ Colfax Medical Center, 203 Hospital Drive, Raton, NM 87740, USA;
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.A.A.); (L.S.C.); (S.L.); (K.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Anschutz, Arora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.A.A.); (L.S.C.); (S.L.); (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Kimberly Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.A.A.); (L.S.C.); (S.L.); (K.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (N.A.A.); (L.S.C.); (S.L.); (K.P.); (A.S.)
- Miners’ Colfax Medical Center, 203 Hospital Drive, Raton, NM 87740, USA;
| | - Katherine E. Zychowski
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (A.R.C.); (Q.J.)
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Hao W, Zhao L, Yu X, Wu S, Xie W, Wang N, Lv W, Sood A, Leng S, Li Y, Sun Q, Guan J, Han W. A Simple Clinical Prediction Tool for COVID-19 in Primary Care with Epidemiology: Temperature-Leukocytes-CT Results. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931467. [PMID: 34611122 PMCID: PMC8504192 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effective identification of patients with suspected COVID-19 is vital for the management. This study aimed to establish a simple clinical prediction model for COVID-19 in primary care. Material/Methods We consecutively enrolled 60 confirmed cases and 152 suspected cases with COVID-19 into the study. The training cohort consisted of 30 confirmed and 78 suspected cases, whereas the validation cohort consisted of 30 confirmed and 74 suspected cases. Four clinical variables – epidemiological history (E), body temperature (T), leukocytes count (L), and chest computed tomography (C) – were collected to construct a preliminary prediction model (model A). By integerizing coefficients of model A, a clinical prediction model (model B) was constructed. Finally, the scores of each variable in model B were summed up to build the ETLC score. Results The preliminary prediction model A was Logit (YA)=2.657X1+1.153X2+2.125X3+2.828X4–10.771, while the model B was Logit (YB)=2.5X1+1X2+2X3+3X4–10. No significant difference was found between the area under the curve (AUC) of model A (0.920, 95% CI: 0.875–0.953) and model B (0.919, 95% CI: 0.874–0.952) (Z=0.035, P=0.972). When ETLC score was more than or equal to 9.5, the sensitivity and specificity for COVID-19 was 76.7% (46/60) and 90.1% (137/152), respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 75.4% (46/61) and 90.7% (137/151), respectively. Conclusions The ETLC score is helpful for efficiently identifying patients with suspected COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Hao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Song Wu
- School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Weifeng Xie
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Weihong Lv
- Department of Hospital Infection, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Special Medicine, No.971 Hospital Navy, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Kong N, Chen G, Wang H, Li J, Yin S, Cao X, Wang T, Li X, Li Y, Zhang H, Yu S, Tang J, Sood A, Zheng Y, Leng S. Blood leukocyte count as a systemic inflammatory biomarker associated with a more rapid spirometric decline in a large cohort of iron and steel industry workers. Respir Res 2021; 22:254. [PMID: 34565362 PMCID: PMC8467242 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Iron and steel industry workers are exposed to high levels of inhalable dust particles that contain various elements, including metals, and cause occupational lung diseases. We aim to assess the relationship between occupational dust exposure, systemic inflammation, and spirometric decline in a cohort of Chinese iron and steel workers. Methods We studied 7513 workers who participated in a Health Surveillance program at Wugang Institute for Occupational Health between 2008 and 2017. Time-weighted exposure intensity (TWEI) of dust was quantified based on self-reported dust exposure history, the experience of occupational hygienists, and historical data of dust exposure for workers with certain job titles. A linear mixed-effects model was used for association analyses. Results The average annual change of lung function was − 50.78 ml/year in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and − 34.36 ml/year in forced vital capacity (FVC) in males, and − 39.06 ml/year in FEV1 and − 26.66 ml/year in FVC in females. Higher TWEI prior to baseline was associated with lower longitudinal measurements of FEV1 and FVC but not with their decline rates. Higher WBC and its differential at baseline were associated with lower longitudinal measurements and a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC in a dose-dependent monotonically increasing manner. Moreover, the increase of WBC and its differential post-baseline was also associated with a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC. Conclusions Our findings support the important role of systemic inflammation in affecting the temporal change of lung function in iron and steel industry workers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01849-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Yin
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huanling Zhang
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Cao X, Lin L, Sood A, Ma Q, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liu H, Li Y, Wang T, Tang J, Jiang M, Zhang R, Yu S, Yu Z, Zheng Y, Han W, Leng S. Small Airway Wall Thickening Assessed by Computerized Tomography Is Associated With Low Lung Function in Chinese Carbon Black Packers. Toxicol Sci 2021; 178:26-35. [PMID: 32818265 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale carbon black as virtually pure elemental carbon can deposit deep in the lungs and cause pulmonary injury. Airway remodeling assessed using computed tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural airway changes caused by carbon black exposure remain unknown. Wall and lumen areas of sixth and ninth generations of airways in 4 lobes were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 58 current carbon black packers (CBPs) and 95 non-CBPs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response. Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher level of elemental carbon exposure in CBPs, which was associated with higher wall area and lower lumen area with no change in total airway area for either airway generation. This suggested small airway wall thickening is a major feature of airway remodeling in CBPs. When compared with wall or lumen areas, wall area percent (WA%) was not affected by subject characteristics or lobar location and had greater measurement reproducibility. The effect of carbon black exposure status on WA% did not differ by lobes. CCAM was associated with WA% in a dose-dependent manner. CBPs had lower FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) than non-CBPs and mediation analysis identified that a large portion (41-72%) of the FEV1 reduction associated with carbon black exposure could be explained by WA%. Small airway wall thickening as a major imaging change detected by CT may underlie the pathology of lung function impairment caused by carbon black exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131.,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Chen Y, Leng S, Wang Y. [CRL4B complex promotes the development of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting secreted frizzled related protein 1]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021; 43:646-656. [PMID: 34289556 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20210108-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of CUL4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complex in pancreatic tumorigenesis and the molecular mechanism. Methods: Pancreatic cells were divided into control group (transfected with negative control lentivirus), shCUL4B group (transfected with CUL4B lentivirus), shDDB1 group [transfected with DNA damage binding protein 1 (DDB1) lentivirus], and shCUL4B+ siSFRP1 group (transfected with CUL4B lentivirus and SFRP1-siRNA). RNA-seq was performed in pancreatic cancer cell lines with CUL4B and DDB1 knocked down respectively, to identify the target genes regulated by CRL4B complex. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to identify the target genes directly regulated by CUL4B and DDB1. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The EdU cell proliferation test was used to detect cell proliferation ability. The scratch repair test and Transwell cell invasion test were used to detect cell migration and invasion ability. Finally, the sequencing data of pancreatic cancer-related tumor samples and normal samples in GEO, TCGA and GTEx databases were used to analyze the expression correlations of CUL4B, DDB1 and their downstream target genes. Results: RNA-seq results showed that target genes regulated by CRL4B complex involved in a number of malignant tumor-related signaling pathways. qRT-PCR results verified that the mRNA expression levels of the target genes of CUL4B or DDB1 knockdown groups were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). ChIP-PCR results showed that CRL4B complex directly bound to the promoter regions of the target genes, NME1 and SFRP1, and the enrichment of monoubiquitination of lysine at 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub1) in the promoter region of target gene was reduced after CUL4B knockdown. The proliferation rate in PANC-1 cell line of the control group was (32.10±3.58)%, higher than (13.95±1.66)% in the shCUL4B group and (22.38±0.77)% in the shCUL4B+ siSFRP1 group (P<0.05). The proliferation rate in AsPC-1 cell line of the control group was (35.47±7.80)%, higher than (19.60±3.58)% in the shCUL4B group and (30.09±0.81)% in the shCUL4B+ siSFRP1 group (P<0.05). The scratch repair experiment showed that the migration rate of PANC-1 cell line control group was (53.18±3.70)%, higher than that (17.46±2.62)% in the shCUL4B group and (44.99±9.18)% in the shCUL4B + siSFRP1 group (P<0.05). Western blot showed the expression levels of epithelial markers including α-catenin and γ-catenin in the control group were 1.00±0.03 and 1.01±0.11, respectively, lower than 1.44±0.01 and 1.21±0.06 in the shCUL4B group (P<0.05). The expression levels of mesenchymal markers including fibronectin and vimentin in the control group were 1.01±0.14 and 1.02±0.18, respectively, higher than 1.53±0.13 and 1.22±0.07 in the shCUL4B+ siSFRP1 group (P<0.05). The cell metastasis rate of the control group was (100.00±3.96)%, higher than the (35.49±0.34)% in the shCUL4B group and (107.06±2.77)% in the shCUL4B+ siSFRP1 group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expressions of CUL4B and DDB1 were significantly upregulated in the pancreatic cancer tissues, and were negatively correlated with the expression of SFRP1 (r=-0.342 and r=-0.264, respectively). Conclusions: CRL4B complex inhibits the transcription of target gene SFRP1 and promotes the development of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, CRL4B complex is upregulated in pancreatic cancer, which provide a potential of therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300070, China
| | - S Leng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin 300070, China
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Wong JYY, Cawthon R, Dai Y, Vermeulen R, Bassig BA, Hu W, Duan H, Niu Y, Downward GS, Leng S, Ji BT, Fu W, Xu J, Meliefste K, Zhou B, Yang J, Ren D, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Hosgood Iii HD, Silverman DT, Rothman N, Zheng Y, Lan Q. Elevated Alu retroelement copy number among workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:823-828. [PMID: 34039759 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of workers worldwide are exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), a known genotoxic carcinogen. Alu retroelements are repetitive DNA sequences that can multiply and compromise genomic stability. There is some evidence linking altered Alu repeats to cancer and elevated mortality risks. However, whether Alu repeats are influenced by environmental pollutants is unexplored. In an occupational setting with high DEE exposure levels, we investigated associations with Alu repeat copy number. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 54 male DEE-exposed workers from an engine testing facility and a comparison group of 55 male unexposed controls was conducted in China. Personal air samples were assessed for elemental carbon, a DEE surrogate, using NIOSH Method 5040. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure Alu repeat copy number relative to albumin (Alb) single-gene copy number in leucocyte DNA. The unitless Alu/Alb ratio reflects the average quantity of Alu repeats per cell. Linear regression models adjusted for age and smoking status were used to estimate relations between DEE-exposed workers versus unexposed controls, DEE tertiles (6.1-39.0, 39.1-54.5 and 54.6-107.7 µg/m3) and Alu/Alb ratio. RESULTS DEE-exposed workers had a higher average Alu/Alb ratio than the unexposed controls (p=0.03). Further, we found a positive exposure-response relationship (p=0.02). The Alu/Alb ratio was highest among workers exposed to the top tertile of DEE versus the unexposed controls (1.12±0.08 SD vs 1.06±0.07 SD, p=0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that DEE exposure may contribute to genomic instability. Further investigations of environmental pollutants, Alu copy number and carcinogenesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Cawthon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - George S Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baosen Zhou
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dianzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ye
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - H Dean Hosgood Iii
- Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Leng X, Onaitis MW, Zhao Y, Xuan Y, Leng S, Jiao W, Sun X, Qin Y, Liu D, Wang M, Yang R. Risk of Acute Lung Injury after Esophagectomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:737-746. [PMID: 33984482 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a new approach for identifying acute lung injury (ALI) in surgical ward setting and to assess incidence rate, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for ALI cases after esophagectomy. We also compare the degree of lung injury between operative and non-operative sides. Consecutive esophageal cancer patients (n=1022) who underwent esophagectomy from Dec 2012 to Nov 2018 in our hospital were studied. An approach for identifying ALI was proposed that integrated radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) score to quantify degree of lung edema. Stepwise logistic regression identified risk factors for postoperative ALI incidence. The degree of bilateral lung injury was compared using the RALE score. The approach for identifying ALI in surgical ward setting was defined as acute onset, PaO2/FiO2≤300 mmHg, bilateral opacities on bedside chest radiograph with a RALE score≥16, and exclusion of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Incidence rate of ALI was estimated to be 9.7%. ALI diagnosis was associated with multiple clinical complications, prolonged hospital stay, higher medical bills, and higher perioperative mortality. Nine risk factors including BMI, ASA class, DLCO%, duration of surgery, neutrophil percentage, high-density lipoprotein, and electrolyte disorders were identified. The RALE score of the lung lobes of the operative side was higher than the non-operative side. A new approach for identifying ALI in esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy was proposed and several risk factors were identified. ALI is common and has severe outcomes. The lung lobes on the operative side are more likely to be affected than the non-operative side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Leng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mark W Onaitis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunpeng Xuan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Surgery, Health management center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Surgery, Health management center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Maolong Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Liu H, Li J, Ma Q, Tang J, Jiang M, Cao X, Lin L, Kong N, Yu S, Sood A, Zheng Y, Leng S, Han W. Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33766066 PMCID: PMC7992811 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) in ambient air and contaminates many occupational settings. Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural changes of small airways caused by chronic DE exposure is unknown. Wall and lumen areas of 6th and 9th generations of four candidate airways were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 78 diesel engine testers (DET) and 76 non-DETs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response relationship. Results Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher PM exposure in DETs, which was associated with higher wall area and wall area percent for 6th generation of airways. However, no reduction in lumen area was identified. No study subjects met spirometry diagnosis of airway obstruction. This suggested that small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early feature of airway remodeling in DETs. The effect of DE exposure status on wall area percent did not differ by lobes or smoking status. Although the trend test was of borderline significance between categorized CCAM and wall area percent, subjects in the highest CCAM category has a 14% increase in wall area percent for the 6th generation of airways compared to subjects in the lowest category. The impact of DE exposure on FEV1 can be partially explained by the wall area percent with mediation effect size equal to 20%, Pperm = 0.028). Conclusions Small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early image feature detected by CT and underlie the pathology of lung injury in DETs. The pattern of changes in small airway dimensions, i.e., thicker airway wall without lumen narrowing caused by occupational DE exposure was different to that (i.e., thicker airway wall with lumen narrowing) seen in our previous study of workers exposed to nano-scale carbon black aerosol, suggesting constituents other than carbon cores may contribute to such differences. Our study provides some imaging indications of the understanding of the pulmonary toxicity of combustion derived airborne particulate matters in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Qin S, Yu X, Ma Q, Lin L, Li Q, Liu H, Zhang L, Leng S, Han W. Quantitative CT Analysis of Small Airway Remodeling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by a New Image Post-Processing System. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:535-544. [PMID: 33688178 PMCID: PMC7936712 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s295320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore a practical marker for quantitatively analyzing the small airway remodeling in COPD by HRCT. Patients and Methods Twenty-four patients with COPD (GOLD I, n = 7; GOLD II, n = 8; GOLD III+IV, n = 9) and 14 healthy controls (7 normal pulmonary function; 7 small-airway disease (SAD)) were enrolled in the study as five groups, GOLD I, GOLD II, GOLD III+IV, normal and SAD. All subjects underwent HRCT and spirometry. With ISP 9.0, whole emphysema index (EI) and the airway parameters, including wall area (WA), lumen area (LA), airway area (AA) of the 3rd, 5th and 9th generations of bronchi, were measured successively. The ratio of LA/AA and WA/AA in the 3rd, 5th and 9th generations of bronchi were calculated and compared among groups. Results For the five groups, EI was increased only in GOLD III+IV group (P < 0.05), while the ratio of LA/AA (9-LA/AA) and WA/AA (9-WA/AA) in 9th generation of bronchi have significantly changed since SAD group (P < 0.05). There were significant correlation between FEV1generations of bronchi (r3 = 0.429, r5 = 0.583, r9 = 0.592, respectively, P < 0.05); FEV1% and WA/AA (r3 = –0.428, r5 = –0.532, r9 = –0.570, respectively, P < 0.05); as well as MMEF% and LA/AA (r3 = 0.421, r5 = 0.566, r9 = 0.610, respectively, P < 0.05); MMEF% and WA/AA (r3 = –0.421, r5 = –0.529, r9 = –0.593, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion Small airway remodeling has occurred in the early stage of COPD, while emphysema in the late stage of COPD. The 9-LA/AA and 9-WA/AA are accurate and practical markers for small airway remodeling of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Crosby L, Yucesoy B, Leggett C, Tu Z, Belinsky SA, McDonald J, Leng S, Wu G, Irshad H, Valerio LG, Rosenfeldt H. Smoke Chemistry, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity Demonstrates Enhanced Toxicity of Cigarillos Compared With Cigarettes. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:122-135. [PMID: 33021639 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been limited toxicity testing of cigarillos, including comparison to cigarettes. This study compared the smoke chemistry and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 10 conventional cigarettes and 10 cigarillos based on the greatest market share. Whole smoke and total particulate matter (TPM) were generated using the Canadian Intense and International Organization for Standardization puffing protocols. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TPM smoke extracts were used for the in vitro assays. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human bronchial epithelial continuously cultured cell line cells using the neutral red uptake assay. Genotoxic potential was assessed using the micronucleus (human lung adenocarcinoma continuously cultured cell line cells), Ames, and thymidine kinase assays. TPM from all cigarillos tested was more cytotoxic than cigarettes. Micronucleus formation was significantly greater for cigarillos compared with cigarettes at the highest dose of TPM, with or without rat liver S9 fraction. In the Ames test +S9, both tobacco products exhibited significant dose-dependent increases in mutation frequency, indicating metabolic activation is required for genotoxicity. In the thymidine kinase assay +S9, cigarillos showed a significantly enhanced mutation frequency although both tobacco products were positive. The levels of all measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and carbonyls (except acrolein) were significantly greater in cigarillos than cigarettes. The Canadian Intense puffing protocol demonstrated increased smoke constituent levels compared with International Organization for Standardization. Even though the gas vapor phase was not tested, the results of this study showed that under the tested conditions the investigated cigarillos showed greater toxicity than comparator cigarettes. This study found that there is significantly greater toxicity in the tested U.S. marketed cigarillos than cigarettes for tobacco constituent levels, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. These findings are important for understanding the human health toxicity from the use of cigarillos relative to cigarettes and for building upon knowledge regarding harm from cigarillos to inform risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Crosby
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Berran Yucesoy
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Carmine Leggett
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Zheng Tu
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Jake McDonald
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Hammad Irshad
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | - Luis G Valerio
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Hans Rosenfeldt
- Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
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Hu W, Wang Y, Wang T, Ji Q, Jia Q, Meng T, Ma S, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen R, Dai Y, Luan Y, Sun Z, Leng S, Duan H, Zheng Y. Ambient particulate matter compositions and increased oxidative stress: Exposure-response analysis among high-level exposed population. Environ Int 2021; 147:106341. [PMID: 33383389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress has been suggested to be one of the key drivers of health impact of particulate matter (PM). More studies on the oxidative potential of PM alone, but fewer studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of external and internal exposure to PM compositions on oxidative stress in population. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the exposure-response relationship between PM and its main compositions with oxidative stress indicators. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 768 participants exposed to particulates. Environmental levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals in PM were measured, and urinary levels of PAHs metabolites and metals were measured as internal dose, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations of PM exposure and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2́'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS The concentration of both PM2.5 and total PAHs was significantly correlated with increased urinary 8-OHdG, 8-iso-PGF2α and MDA levels (all p < 0.05). The levels of 4 essential metals all showed significant exposure-response increase in urinary 8-OHdG in both current and non-current smokers (all p < 0.05); ambient selenium, cobalt and zinc were found to be significantly correlated with urinary 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.002, 0.003, 0.01, respectively); only selenium and cobalt were significantly correlated with urinary MDA (p < 0.001, 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, we found each one-unit increase in urinary total OH-PAHs generated a 0.32 increase in urinary 8-OHdG, a 0.22 increase in urinary 8-iso-PGF2α and a 0.19 increase in urinary MDA (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was found that the level of 12 urinary metals all showed significant and positive correlations with three oxidative stress biomarkers in all subjects (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic molecular epidemiological study showed that particulate matter components could induce increased oxidative stress on DNA and lipid. It may be more important to monitor and control the harmful compositions in PM rather than overall particulate mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Sai Ma
- International Travel health Care Center, Qingdao Customs, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihu Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Zhang J, Ren D, Cao X, Wang T, Geng X, Li X, Tang J, Leng S, Wang H, Zheng Y. Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33413265 PMCID: PMC7791776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study. Methods The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs. Results In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3–10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2–12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0–12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1–13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012–1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model. Conclusions Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Geng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical care, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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Mojumder J, Choy J, Leng S, Zhong L, Kassab G, Lee L. Mechanical stimuli for left ventricular growth during pressure overload. Exp Mech 2021; 61:131-146. [PMID: 33746236 PMCID: PMC7968380 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-020-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanical stimulus (i.e. stress or stretch) for growth occurring in the pressure-overloaded left ventricle (LV) is not exactly known. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, we investigate the correlation between local ventricular growth (indexed by local wall thickness) and the local acute changes in mechanical stimuli after aortic banding. METHODS LV geometric data were extracted from 3D echo measurements at baseline and 2 weeks in the aortic banding swine model (n = 4). We developed and calibrated animal-specific finite element (FE) model of LV mechanics against pressure and volume waveforms measured at baseline. After the simulation of the acute effects of pressure-overload, the local changes of maximum, mean and minimum myocardial stretches and stresses in three orthogonal material directions (i.e., fiber, sheet and sheet-normal) over a cardiac cycle were quantified. Correlation between mechanical quantities and the corresponding measured local changes in wall thickness was quantified using the Pearson correlation number (PCN) and Spearman rank correlation number (SCN). RESULTS At 2 weeks after banding, the average septum thickness decreased from 10.6 ± 2.92mm to 9.49 ± 2.02mm, whereas the LV free-wall thickness increased from 8.69 ± 1.64mm to 9.4 ± 1.22mm. The FE results show strong correlation of growth with the changes in maximum fiber stress (PCN = 0.5471, SCN = 0.5111) and changes in the mean sheet-normal stress (PCN= 0.5266, SCN = 0.5256). Myocardial stretches, however, do not have good correlation with growth. CONCLUSION These results suggest that fiber stress is the mechanical stimuli for LV growth in pressure-overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mojumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J.S. Choy
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - S. Leng
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - L. Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore
| | - G.S. Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L.C. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Samuels DC, Below JE, Ness S, Yu H, Leng S, Guo Y. Alternative Applications of Genotyping Array Data Using Multivariant Methods. Trends Genet 2020; 36:857-867. [PMID: 32773169 PMCID: PMC7572808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the forerunners that pioneered the revolution of high-throughput genomic technologies is the genotyping microarray technology, which can genotype millions of single-nucleotide variants simultaneously. Owing to apparent benefits, such as high speed, low cost, and high throughput, the genotyping array has gained lasting applications in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and thus accumulated an enormous amount of data. Empowered by continuous manufactural upgrades and analytical innovation, unconventional applications of genotyping array data have emerged to address more diverse genetic problems, holding promise of boosting genetic research into human diseases through the re-mining of the rich accumulated data. Here, we review several unconventional genotyping array analysis techniques that have been built on the idea of large-scale multivariant analysis and provide empirical application examples. These unconventional outcomes of genotyping arrays include polygenic score, runs of homozygosity (ROH)/heterozygosity ratio, distant pedigree computation, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Devision of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Scott Ness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA.
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Tang J, Cheng W, Gao J, Li Y, Yao R, Rothman N, Lan Q, Campen MJ, Zheng Y, Leng S. Occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles increases inflammatory vascular disease risk: an implication of an ex vivo biosensor assay. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:47. [PMID: 32993720 PMCID: PMC7523398 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among manufactured or engineered nanoparticles, carbon black (CB) has largest production worldwide and is also an occupational respiratory hazard commonly seen in rubber industry. Few studies have assessed the risk for cardiovascular disease in carbon black exposed populations. An endothelial biosensor assay was used to quantify the capacity of sera from 82 carbon black packers (CBP) and 106 non-CBPs to induce endothelial cell activation ex vivo. The mediation effect of circulatory proinflammatory factors on the association between carbon black exposure and endothelial cell activation was assessed and further validated using in vitro intervention experiments. Results The average elemental carbon level inside carbon black bagging facilities was 657.0 μg/m3, which was 164-fold higher than that seen in reference areas (4.0 μg/m3). A global index was extracted from mRNA expression of seven candidate biosensor genes using principal component analysis and used to quantify the magnitude of endothelial cell activation. This global index was found to be significantly altered in CBPs compared to non-CBPs (P < 0.0001), however this difference did not vary by smoking status (P = 0.74). Individual gene analyses identified that de novo expression of key adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM and VCAM) and chemotactic factors (e.g., CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL8) responsible for the recruitment of leukocytes was dramatically induced in CBPs with CXCL8 showing the highest fold of induction (relative quantification = 9.1, P < 0.0001). The combination of mediation analyses and in vitro functional validation confirmed TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as important circulatory factors mediating the effects of carbon black exposure on endothelial cell activation responses. Conclusions Inflammatory mediators in sera from CBPs may bridge carbon black exposure and endothelial cell activation response assessed ex vivo. CBPs may have elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases when comorbidity exists. Our study may serve as a benchmark for understanding health effects of engineered carbon based nanoparticles with environmental and occupational health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wenting Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Jinling Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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John C, Guyatt AL, Shrine N, Olafsdottir T, Liu J, Hayden L, Chu SH, Koskela J, Luan J, Li X, Terzikhan N, Xu H, Bartz TM, Petersen H, Leng S, Thorleifsson G, Meyers DA, Bleecker ER, Sakoda LC, Iribarren C, Tesfaigzi Y, Gharib SA, Dupuis J, Lahousse L, Ortega VE, Stefansson K, Sayers I, Hall IP, Langenberg C, Ripatti S, Laitinen T, Wu AC, Lasky-Su J, Hayward C, Brumpton B, Langhammer A, Jonsdottir I, Cho MH, Wain LV, Tobin MD. A genome-wide association study of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Genes Environ 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming almost every aspect of modern society, including medical imaging. In computed tomography (CT), AI holds the promise of enabling further reductions in patient radiation dose through automation and optimisation of data acquisition processes, including patient positioning and acquisition parameter settings. Subsequent to data collection, optimisation of image reconstruction parameters, advanced reconstruction algorithms, and image denoising methods improve several aspects of image quality, especially in reducing image noise and enabling the use of lower radiation doses for data acquisition. Finally, AI-based methods to automatically segment organs or detect and characterise pathology have been translated out of the research environment and into clinical practice to bring automation, increased sensitivity, and new clinical applications to patient care, ultimately increasing the benefit to the patient from medically justified CT examinations. In summary, since the introduction of CT, a large number of technical advances have enabled increased clinical benefit and decreased patient risk, not only by reducing radiation dose, but also by reducing the likelihood of errors in the performance and interpretation of medically justified CT examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H McCollough
- CT Clinical Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA; e-mail:
| | - S Leng
- CT Clinical Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA; e-mail:
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Jiang M, Li D, Piao J, Li J, Sun H, Chen L, Chen S, Pi J, Zhang R, Chen R, Leng S, Chen W, Zheng Y. Real-ambient exposure to air pollution exaggerates excessive growth of adipose tissue modulated by Nrf2 signal. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:138652. [PMID: 32416500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was becoming a global threat to the public health, which was primarily mediated by PM2.5 induced cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary diseases. Recently, observational epidemiologic studies proposed the link between PM2.5 and obesity. Consistently, the link was also supported by limited animal researches. However, the potential mechanism mediating the harmful effects of PM2.5 was still elusive. In this study, we applied the "real-ambient exposure" system to conduct the experiments, which was closer to the status of ambient air pollution compared with the method of intratracheal instillation and concentrated air particles (CAPs) exposure system. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was previously reported to protect against inflammation and oxidative stress when exposed to PM2.5. Here, we reported that Nrf2-/- mice developed overgrowth of adipose tissue after "real-ambient exposure" to PM2.5, compared to filtered air (FA) group. Consistently, compared to FA group, adipocytes from subcutaneous (sWAT) and gonadal (gWAT) white adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice exhibited enlarged cell size in PM2.5 exposure group. Furthermore, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also altered statistically in PM2.5 exposure group. Importantly, when the expression of lipogenic enzymes was analyzed, the levels of the related specific genes in adipose tissue and liver of Nrf2-/- mice were altered in PM2.5 exposure group. Interestingly, the key transcription factors modulating expression of lipogenic enzymes in liver of Nrf2-/- mice were also found altered in PM2.5 exposure group, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα, PPARγ). Taken together, our study mimicked the status of ambient air pollution, revealed new insights into the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposure, provided new link between air pollution and overgrowth of adipose tissue, and supported the vital role of Nrf2 in mediating the side effects of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Wang T, Wang H, Chen J, Wang J, Ren D, Hu W, Wang H, Han W, Leng S, Zhang R, Zheng Y. Association between air pollution and lung development in schoolchildren in China. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:792-798. [PMID: 32527860 PMCID: PMC7577101 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background China has been facing nationwide air pollution at unprecedented high levels primarily from fossil–fuel combustion in the past decade. However, few studies have been conducted on the adverse effect of severe air pollution on lung development in school-age children. Methods Using wellness check and air pollution data from 2014 to 2017, we conducted a retrospective analysis of lung development in 21 616 school-age children from Shijiazhuang and Qingdao from North China with severe vs mild air pollution. Linear mixed effects model was performed to assess the effect of air pollution on forced vital capacity (FVC) growth. Results Exposure to severe air pollution was associated with a dramatic reduction in annual FVC growth rate (−71.3 mL, p< 0.001). In addition, every 10 μg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 level was associated with a reduction of annual FVC growth by 12.2 mL ( p< 0.001). Sex discrepancy (boys vs girls) in FVC growth was greater in Qingdao (35.4 mL/year, 95% CI: 26.0 to 44.7) than in Shijiazhuang (19.8 mL/year, 95% CI: 9.3 to 30.3) (p for interaction=0.063). Exposure to indoor coal- or wood-burning stove heating (−79.4 mL, p< 0.001) and secondhand smoke at home (−59.3 mL, p= 0.003) were inversely associated with FVC growth. Conclusion Our study raised serious alarm over the threat of severe air pollution to lung development in school-age children. Sex discrepancy in lung development was reduced dramatically in heavily polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of School Health, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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50
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Cheng W, Liu Y, Tang J, Duan H, Wei X, Zhang X, Yu S, Campen MJ, Han W, Rothman N, Belinsky SA, Lan Q, Zheng Y, Leng S. Carbon content in airway macrophages and genomic instability in Chinese carbon black packers. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:761-771. [PMID: 32076763 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black (CB) particulates as virtually pure elemental carbon can deposit deep in the lungs of humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer classified CB as a Group 2B carcinogen due to inconclusive human evidence. A molecular epidemiological study was conducted in an established cohort of CB packers (CBP) to assess associations between CB exposure and genomic instability in peripheral lymphocytes using cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Carbon content in airway macrophages (CCAM) was quantified as a bio-effective dosimeter for chronic CB exposure. Dose-response observed in CBPs was compared to that seen in workers exposed to diesel exhaust. The association between CB exposure status and CBMN endpoints was identified in 85 CBPs and 106 non-CBPs from a 2012 visit and replicated in 127 CBPs and 105 non-CBPs from a 2018 visit. The proportion of cytoplasm area occupied by carbon particles in airway macrophages was over fivefold higher in current CBPs compared to non-CBPs and was associated with CBMN endpoints in a dose-dependent manner. CB aerosol and diesel exhaust shared the same potency of inducing genomic instability in workers. Circulatory pro-inflammatory factors especially TNF-α was found to mediate associations between CB exposure and CBMN endpoints. In vitro functional validation supported the role of TNF-α in inducing genomic instability. An estimated range of lower limits of benchmark dose of 4.19-7.28% of CCAM was recommended for risk assessment. Chronic CB exposure increased genomic instability in human circulation and this provided novel evidence supporting its reclassification as a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Matthew J Campen
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Han
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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