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Pujol-Gualdo N, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Soler Artigas M. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics: Towards deciphering ADHD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 44:1-13. [PMID: 33495110 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable condition that represents the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, persisting into adulthood in around 40-65% of the cases. ADHD is characterised by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Mounting evidence points towards ADHD having a strong genetic component and the first genome-wide significant findings have recently been reported. However, the functional characterization of variants unravelled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging. Likewise, gene expression profiling studies have also been undertaken and novel integrative approaches combining genomic and transcriptomic data are starting to be conducted, which offers an exciting way that might provide a more informative insight towards the genetic architecture of ADHD. In this review, we summarised current knowledge on genomics, transcriptomics and integrative approaches in ADHD, focusing on GWAS and GWAS meta-analyses (GWAS-MA)- as genomics analyses- microarray and RNA-seq- as transcriptomics analyses-, and studies integrating genomics and transcriptomics data. In addition, current strengths and limitations of such approaches are discussed and further research avenues are proposed in order to face unsolved issues. Although important progress has been made, there is still a long way ahead to elucidate the biological mechanisms of ADHD, which eventually may lead to more personalized approaches in the future. Large- scale research efforts and new technological and statistical approaches are envisaged as important means towards deciphering ADHD in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Pujol-Gualdo
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Suzuki S, Kimura R, Maegawa S, Nakata M, Hagiwara M. Different effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on the behavior and brain transcriptome of zebrafish. Mol Brain 2020; 13:70. [PMID: 32375837 PMCID: PMC7203832 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder found in children. It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of ADHD. In the present study, we examined the behavioral and brain transcriptome changes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated zebrafish. In behavioral analysis, zebrafish showed opposite response to each treatment. MPH-treated fish showed higher anxiety-like behavior while ATX-treated fish showed lower anxiety-like behavior. Further, we performed RNA sequencing analysis of zebrafish brain to elucidate the underlying biological pathways associated with MPH and ATX treatment. Interestingly, we found that shared differentially expressed genes in MPH-treated and ATX-treated fish were instrumental in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and were regulated in opposite manner. Our findings highlight the contrast between MTH and ATX, and may suggest the alterations in clinical practice for these medications and drug development for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kimura
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shingo Maegawa
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakata
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Barmpas M, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Sifakis S, Alegakis A, Grigoriadis T, Sodré DB, Daskalakis G, Antsaklis A, Tsatsakis A. Organochlorine pollutants' levels in hair, amniotic fluid and serum samples of pregnant women in Greece. A cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103279. [PMID: 31704585 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants are synthetic chemicals highly resistant to degradation with strong tendency to bioaccumulation. Assessment of human exposure to these compounds is crucial for public health protection, especially during vulnerable periods. The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the level of contamination to PCBs, o,p'- and p,p'-DDE, o,p' and p,p'-DDD, o,p' and p,p'-DDT and HCB in pregnant women. Hair, amniotic fluid and serum samples were collected and analyzed by HS-SPME-GCMS. The most detected analytes in amniotic fluids were p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE and PCB101, in serum p,p'-DDE, HCB and PCB101 and in hair p,p'-DDE, HCB and PCB101. The levels of HCB and PCB101 in amniotic fluids were positively correlated with those in hair. Higher levels of DDDs and DDTs in hair samples and PCB28 in amniotic fluids were observed in smoker pregnant women. Gestation age was inversely proportional with the detected levels of PCB101 in all tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Barmpas
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Feto-Maternal Medicine Department, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Themos Grigoriadis
- Department of Urogynecology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Lorenzo G, Braun J, Muñoz G, Casarejos MJ, Bazán E, Jimenez-Escrig A. RNA-Seq blood transcriptome profiling in familial attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:544-546. [PMID: 30343239 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have carried an exploratory study by blood transcriptome to find RNA expression signatures in familial ADHD. Samples were collected from three cases with familial ADHD and their paired controls and evaluated by RNA-Seq. Transcriptome profiling identified 7 differentially expressed transcripts with a FDR <0.05 that were involved in pathways in Huntington's disease or axonal guidance signaling previously implicated in ADHD, and enriched for signal peptide, growth factor binding, and notably the lipid metabolism pathways. These findings show that blood transcriptome can have an associated signature and highlight a potential to use blood transcriptome to identify patterns of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Braun
- Research Department, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Muñoz
- Research Department, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eulalia Bazán
- Research Department, IRYCIS, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Miller MM, Sprowles JLN, Voeller JN, Meyer AE, Sable HJK. Cocaine sensitization in adult Long-Evans rats perinatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 62:34-41. [PMID: 28465083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants known to adversely affect the nervous system and more specifically the dopamine system. Developmental PCB exposure in rats has been shown to produce alterations in dopaminergic signaling that persist into adulthood. The reinforcing properties of psychostimulants are typically modulated via the dopaminergic system, so this project used a behavioral sensitization paradigm to evaluate whether perinatal PCB exposure altered sensitization to the psychostimulant cocaine. Long-Evans rats were perinatally exposed to 0, 3 or 6mg/kg/day of PCBs throughout gestation and lactation. One male and female pup from each litter was retained for behavioral testing. Both horizontal and vertical activity were used to measure cocaine sensitization following repeated injections of 10mg/kg cocaine (IP) on post-natal day (PND) 91-96 and again after a week in the home cage on PND 103. A final locomotor activity session following a challenge injection of 20mg/kg was given on PND 110 to further evaluate the availability of presynaptic dopamine stores. The PCB-exposed rats appeared to be pre-sensitized to cocaine as they exhibited a greater degree of cocaine-induced locomotor activation to the initial injections of cocaine and therefore demonstrated a more rapid onset of cocaine behavioral sensitization compared to non-exposed controls. These results add to the literature detailing how perinatal exposure to dopamine-disrupting contaminants can change the developing brain, thereby producing permanent changes in the neurobehavioral response to psychostimulants later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellessa M Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jenna L N Sprowles
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jason N Voeller
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Abby E Meyer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North, Georgia, Dahlonega, GA 30597
| | - Helen J K Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Dervola KSN, Johansen EB, Walaas SI, Fonnum F. Gender-dependent and genotype-sensitive monoaminergic changes induced by polychlorinated biphenyl 153 in the rat brain. Neurotoxicology 2015. [PMID: 26215117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are present as ortho- and non-ortho-substituted PCBs, with most of the ortho-substituted congeners being neurotoxic. The present study examined effects of the ortho-substituted PCB 153 on dopamine, serotonin and amino acid neurotransmitters in the neostriatum of both male and female Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) genotypes. PCB 153 exposure at p8, p14 and p20 had no effects on levels of these transmitters when examined at p55, but led to increased levels of both homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, the degradation products of dopamine and serotonin, respectively, in all groups except the female SHR. Immunoblotting showed that PCB exposure induced gender-specific decreases in dopaminergic synaptic proteins. These included a novel finding of decreased levels of the dopamine D5 receptor in both genders and genotypes, whereas male-specific changes included decreases in the postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 protein in the WKY and SHRs and a decrease in the presynaptic dopamine transporter in both the WKY and, less clearly in the male SHR. A female-specific tendency of increased vesicular monoamine transporter-2 was observed in the SHRs after PCB exposure. No changes were seen in tyrosine hydroxylase, the cytoskeletal neurotubulin or the plasma membrane marker Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in any strain. Hence, PCB-exposure led to increases in monoamine transmitter turnover in both male and female animals, whereas decreases in both pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic proteins were predominantly seen in male animals. PCB 153 may therefore induce neostriatal toxicity through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in both genotypes and genders, including effects on the aspiny interneurons, which employ the D5 receptor to mediate dopamine effects on interneurons in the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine S N Dervola
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen B Johansen
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Ivar Walaas
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Frode Fonnum
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Norway
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Meyer AE, Miller MM, Nelms Sprowles JL, Levine LR, Sable HJK. A comparison of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic agonists on inhibitory control performance in rats perinatally exposed to PCBs. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:11-22. [PMID: 26022001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are very stable environmental contaminants whose exposure induces a number of health and cognitive concerns. Currently, it is well known that PCB exposure leads to poor performance on inhibitory control tasks. It is also well known that dopamine (DA) depletion within medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) leads to poor performance on inhibitory control tasks. However, what is not well established is whether or not the inhibitory control problems found following PCB exposure are mediated by DA depletion in mPFC. This study was an investigation into the link between perinatal exposure to PCBs, the effect of this exposure on DA neurotransmission in the mPFC, and inhibitory-control problems during adulthood using a rodent model. The current study served to determine if microinjections of different DA agonists (the presynaptic DA transporter inhibitor and vesicular monoamine transporter agonist bupropion, the postsynaptic DA receptor 2 (DAD2) agonist quinpirole, and the postsynaptic DA receptor 1 (DAD1) agonist SKF81297) directly into the mPFC would differentially improve performance on an inhibitory control task in rats perinatally exposed to an environmentally relevant PCB mixture. Findings suggest several significant sex-based differences on differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) 15 performance as well as some evidence of differential effectiveness of the DA agonists based on PCB exposure group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby E Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Mellessa M Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | | | - Lauren R Levine
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Helen J K Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Bellanger M, Demeneix B, Grandjean P, Zoeller RT, Trasande L. Neurobehavioral deficits, diseases, and associated costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European Union. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1256-66. [PMID: 25742515 PMCID: PMC4399309 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies and animal models demonstrate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to cognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental disabilities. OBJECTIVE The objective was to estimate neurodevelopmental disability and associated costs that can be reasonably attributed to EDC exposure in the European Union. DESIGN An expert panel applied a weight-of-evidence characterization adapted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Exposure-response relationships and reference levels were evaluated for relevant EDCs, and biomarker data were organized from peer-reviewed studies to represent European exposure and approximate burden of disease. Cost estimation as of 2010 utilized lifetime economic productivity estimates, lifetime cost estimates for autism spectrum disorder, and annual costs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Setting, Patients and Participants, and Intervention: Cost estimation was carried out from a societal perspective, ie, including direct costs (eg, treatment costs) and indirect costs such as productivity loss. RESULTS The panel identified a 70-100% probability that polybrominated diphenyl ether and organophosphate exposures contribute to IQ loss in the European population. Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures were associated with 873,000 (sensitivity analysis, 148,000 to 2.02 million) lost IQ points and 3290 (sensitivity analysis, 3290 to 8080) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €9.59 billion (sensitivity analysis, €1.58 billion to €22.4 billion). Organophosphate exposures were associated with 13.0 million (sensitivity analysis, 4.24 million to 17.1 million) lost IQ points and 59 300 (sensitivity analysis, 16,500 to 84,400) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €146 billion (sensitivity analysis, €46.8 billion to €194 billion). Autism spectrum disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-39% probability, with 316 (sensitivity analysis, 126-631) attributable cases at a cost of €199 million (sensitivity analysis, €79.7 million to €399 million). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-69% probability, with 19 300 to 31 200 attributable cases at a cost of €1.21 billion to €2.86 billion. CONCLUSIONS EDC exposures in Europe contribute substantially to neurobehavioral deficits and disease, with a high probability of >€150 billion costs/year. These results emphasize the advantages of controlling EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bellanger
- EHESP School of Public Health (M.B.), Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/MNHN (B.D.), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France; Harvard School of Public Health (P.G.), Boston, Massachusetts 02115; University of Southern Denmark (P.G.), 5230 Odense, Denmark; University of Massachusetts (R.T.Z.), Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; New York University (NYU) School of Medicine (L.T.), New York, New York 10016; NYU Wagner School of Public Service (L.T.), New York, New York 10012; NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (L.T.), Department of Nutrition, Food & Public Health, New York, New York 10003; and NYU Global Institute of Public Health (L.T.), New York, New York 10003
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Neugebauer J, Wittsiepe J, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Schöneck N, Schölmerich A, Wilhelm M. The influence of low level pre- and perinatal exposure to PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and lead on attention performance and attention-related behavior among German school-aged children: results from the Duisburg Birth Cohort Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 218:153-62. [PMID: 25456149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead are thought to be risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas the prenatal influence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) on attention performance has been less studied. OBJECTIVES Within the Duisburg Birth Cohort Study, we investigated low-level exposure to these compounds in relation to children's attention. METHODS We measured blood levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and lead from pregnant mothers (32(nd) week of pregnancy) and PCDD/Fs and PCBs in breast milk (2 weeks after delivery). The attention of school-aged children (N=117) was investigated with a computer-based test battery of attention performance (KITAP) and a parent rating questionnaire of behaviors related to ADHD (FBB-ADHS). Influences of the exposure on attention were analyzed by multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Increasing prenatal PCDD/F and PCB concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) associated with a higher number of omission errors in the subtest Divided Attention (47% and 42%; 95% confidence intervals (95%-CI): 1.08-2.00 and 1.07-1.89, respectively). Prenatal lead concentrations had few significant associations with attention performance (e.g., a 23% higher number of omission errors in the subtest Distractibility; 95%-CI: 1.00-1.51), whereas ADHD-related behavior (questionnaire based) was increased with increasing lead exposure (Overall-ADHD: 9%; 95%-CI: 1.01-1.17). ADHD-related behavior was negatively associated with prenatal PCDD/F or PCB exposures (e.g., for PCB exposure: -10%; 95%-CI: 0.82-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Pre- and perinatal PCDD/F and PCB exposure may have subtle influences on attention performance in healthy children at low environmental levels, while behavior changes are negatively associated. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence for the impact of prenatal lead exposure on attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neugebauer
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Schöneck
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Axel Schölmerich
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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Johansen EB, Fonnum F, Lausund PL, Walaas SI, Bærland NE, Wøien G, Sagvolden T. Behavioral changes following PCB 153 exposure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat - an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:1. [PMID: 24405777 PMCID: PMC3896790 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder affecting 3-5% of children. Although ADHD is highly heritable, environmental factors like exposure during early development to various toxic substances like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may contribute to the prevalence. PCBs are a group of chemical industrial compounds with adverse effects on neurobiological and cognitive functioning, and may produce behavioral impairments that share significant similarities with ADHD. The present study examined the relation between exposure to PCB 153 and changes in ADHD-like behavior in an animal model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/NCrl), and in Wistar Kyoto (WKY/NHsd) controls. Methods SHR/NCrl and WKY/NHsd, males and females, were orally given PCB 153 dissolved in corn oil at around postnatal day (PND) 8, 14, and 20 at a dosage of 1, 3 or 6 mg/kg bodyweight at each exposure. The control groups were orally administered corn oil only. The animals were behaviorally tested for exposure effects from PND 37 to 64 using an operant procedure. Results Exposure to PCB 153 was associated with pronounced and long-lasting behavioral changes in SHR/NCrl. Exposure effects in the SHR/NCrl depended on dose, where 1 mg/kg tended to reduce ADHD-like behaviors and produce opposite behavioral effects compared to 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, especially in the females. In the WKY/NHsd controls and for the three doses tested, PCB 153 exposure produced a few specific behavioral changes only in males. The data suggest that PCB 153 exposure interacts with strain and sex, and also indicate a non-linear dose–response relation for the behaviors observed. Conclusions Exposure to PCB 153 seems to interact with several variables including strain, sex, dose, and time of testing. To the extent that the present findings can be generalized to humans, exposure effects of PCB 153 on ADHD behavior depends on amount of exposure, where high doses may aggravate ADHD symptoms in genetically vulnerable individuals. In normal controls, exposure may not constitute an environmental risk factor for developing the full range of ADHD symptoms, but can produce specific behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Borgå Johansen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Lasky-Su J. A network medicine approach to psychiatric genetics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:579-86. [PMID: 24132892 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The major psychiatric disorders are complex in nature, meaning that they are influenced by multiple environmental and genetic exposures that perturb the intricate cellular network, resulting in disease. In general, psychiatric diseases are highly heritable but also have important environmental etiologies. Environmental influences include neonatal exposures, social environments, psychological mechanisms, and abnormal functioning of the neurotransmitter system. Molecular influences can be identified using many data types including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. The emerging field of network medicine offers a new approach to explore the complexities of disease development in a framework that considers a holistic, rather than a reductionist viewpoint. In this review we explain a general framework of how the network medicine approach can provide valuable insight into understanding important molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lasky-Su
- Department of Network Medicine, Channing Laboratories, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Péan S, Daouk T, Vignet C, Lyphout L, Leguay D, Loizeau V, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Long-term dietary-exposure to non-coplanar PCBs induces behavioral disruptions in adult zebrafish and their offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:45-56. [PMID: 23851001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been banned for several decades. PCBs have a long biological half-life and high liposolubility which leads to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food chains over a wide range of trophic levels. Exposure can lead to changes in animal physiology and behavior and has been demonstrated in both experimental and field analyses. There are also potential risks to high trophic level predators, including humans. A maternal transfer has been demonstrated in fish as PCBs bind to lipids in eggs. In this study, behavioral traits (exploration and free swimming, with or without challenges) of contaminated zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and their offspring (both as five-day-old larvae and as two-month-old fish reared under standard conditions) were measured using video-tracking. Long-term dietary exposure to a mixture of non-coplanar PCBs was used to mimic known environmental contamination levels and congener composition. Eight-week-old fish were exposed for eight months at 26-28 °C. Those exposed to an intermediate dose (equivalent to that found in the Loire Estuary, ∑(CB)=515 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in food) displayed behavioral disruption in exploration capacities. Fish exposed to the highest dose (equivalent to that found in the Seine Estuary, ∑(CB)=2302 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in food) displayed an increased swimming activity at the end of the night. In offspring, larval activity was increased and two-month-old fish occupied the bottom section of the tank less often. These findings call for more long-term experiments using the zebrafish model; the mechanisms underlying behavioral disruptions need to be understood due to their implications for both human health and their ecological relevance in terms of individual fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Péan
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, BP 7, 17137 L'Houmeau, France
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De Boever P, Wens B, Boix J, Felipo V, Schoeters G. Perinatal Exposure to Purity-Controlled Polychlorinated Biphenyl 52, 138, or 180 Alters Toxicogenomic Profiles in Peripheral Blood of Rats after 4 Months. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300510v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick De Boever
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek,
Belgium
| | - Britt Wens
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jordi Boix
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida
Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Avenida
Autopista del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Unit Environmental Risk and
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Industriezone Vlasmeer 7, 2400 Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp,
Belgium
- Department of Environmental
Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslowsvej 17A, 5100 Odense, Denmark
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2013; 7:116-28. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e32835e749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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