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Wang X, Wang K, Wu X, Huang W, Yang L. Role of the cAMP-PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway in abnormal behaviours of serotonin transporter knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113681. [PMID: 34838579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region polymorphisms are associated with anxiety, neuroticism, affective disorders and vulnerability to stressful life events; however, the relevant physiological mechanisms are not well understood. Serotonin transporter knockout mice have been widely used as a model of allelic variation of serotonin transporter function in humans; herein, wild-type mice and heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice models were established to explore the behavioural changes related to different genotypes and the possible physiological mechanisms. Behavioural changes were assessed using behavioural tests, namely, elevated plus maze, open field, Morris water maze and rotarod tests. Serum indicators were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared with wild-type mice, homozygous mice showed significant anxiety-like behaviours in the plus maze and open field tests; conversely, anxiety-like behaviours in heterozygous mice were less pronounced. Homozygous mice also showed cognitive impairment and motor inhibition in the Morris water maze and rotarod tests. Serotonin levels decreased in both heterozygous and homozygous mice, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, protein kinase A, adenylyl cyclase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were lower in homozygous mice than in wild-type and heterozygous mice, whereas no statistical differences were found between wild-type and heterozygous mice. Additionally, there was a correlation between serological and behavioural indicators. This study provided experimental evidence that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein-brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway may be involved in the regulation of polymorphism to stress and enriched the behavioural and physiological characteristics of serotonin transporter knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China.
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5
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Heilbronner U, Streit F, Vogl T, Senner F, Schaupp SK, Reich-Erkelenz D, Papiol S, Oraki Kohshour M, Klöhn-Saghatolislam F, Kalman JL, Heilbronner M, Gade K, Comes AL, Budde M, Andlauer TFM, Anderson-Schmidt H, Adorjan K, Stürmer T, Loerbroks A, Amelang M, Poisel E, Foo J, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Forstner AJ, Degenhardt F, Zimmermann J, Wiltfang J, von Hagen M, Spitzer C, Schmauss M, Reininghaus E, Reimer J, Konrad C, Juckel G, Lang FU, Jäger M, Figge C, Fallgatter AJ, Dietrich DE, Dannlowski U, Baune BT, Arolt V, Anghelescu IG, Nöthen MM, Witt SH, Andreassen OA, Chen CH, Falkai P, Rietschel M, Schulze TG, Schulte EC. Interplay between the genetics of personality traits, severe psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 host genetics in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e188. [PMID: 34659794 PMCID: PMC8503053 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, with its impact on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preventative health behaviour and, therefore, the risk of contracting the virus. AIMS We examined overlapping genetic underpinnings between major psychiatric disorders, personality traits and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHOD Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to explore the genetic correlations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility with psychiatric disorders and personality traits based on data from the largest available respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In two cohorts (the PsyCourse (n = 1346) and the HeiDE (n = 3266) study), polygenic risk scores were used to analyse if a genetic association between, psychiatric disorders, personality traits and COVID-19 susceptibility exists in individual-level data. RESULTS We observed no significant genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders. For personality traits, there was a significant genetic correlation for COVID-19 susceptibility with extraversion (P = 1.47 × 10-5; genetic correlation 0.284). Yet, this was not reflected in individual-level data from the PsyCourse and HeiDE studies. CONCLUSIONS We identified no significant correlation between genetic risk factors for severe psychiatric disorders and genetic risk for COVID-19 susceptibility. Among the personality traits, extraversion showed evidence for a positive genetic association with COVID-19 susceptibility, in one but not in another setting. Overall, these findings highlight a complex contribution of genetic and non-genetic components in the interaction between COVID-19 susceptibility and personality traits or mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Senner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina K Schaupp
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Reich-Erkelenz
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Klöhn-Saghatolislam
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janos L Kalman
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Gade
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ashley L Comes
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Budde
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Anderson-Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Til Stürmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Adrian Loerbroks
- Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Eric Poisel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Germany; and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Germany; and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Zimmermann
- Psychiatrieverbund Oldenburger Land gGmbH, Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin von Hagen
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center Werra-Meißner, Germany
| | - Carsten Spitzer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Germany
| | - Max Schmauss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Augsburg University, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Eva Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for Bipolar Affective Disorder, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Reimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, LWL University Hospital, Germany
| | - Fabian U Lang
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Figge
- Karl-Jaspers Clinic, European Medical School Oldenburg-Groningen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Detlef E Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinical Center Hildesheim, Germany; and Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhardt T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Australia; and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Volker Arolt
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre and KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, USA; and Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and Institute of Virology, Technical University Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
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