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Cha J, Lee E, van Dijk M, Kim B, Kim G, Murphy E, Talati A, Joo Y, Weissman M. Polygenic scores for psychiatric traits mediate the impact of multigenerational history for depression on offspring psychopathology. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4264742. [PMID: 39070622 PMCID: PMC11275997 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4264742/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A family history of depression is a well-documented risk factor for offspring psychopathology. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of depression remain unclear. We used genetic, family history, and diagnostic data from 11,875 9-10 year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. We estimated and investigated the children's polygenic scores (PGSs) for 30 distinct traits and their association with a family history of depression (including grandparents and parents) and the children's overall psychopathology through logistic regression analyses. We assessed the role of polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders in mediating the transmission of depression from one generation to the next. Among 11,875 multi-ancestry children, 8,111 participants had matching phenotypic and genotypic data (3,832 female [47.2%]; mean (SD) age, 9.5 (0.5) years), including 6,151 [71.4%] of European ancestry). Greater PGSs for depression (estimate = 0.129, 95% CI = 0.070-0.187) and bipolar disorder (estimate = 0.109, 95% CI = 0.051-0.168) were significantly associated with higher family history of depression (Bonferroni-corrected P < .05). Depression PGS was the only PGS that significantly associated with both family risk and offspring's psychopathology, and robustly mediated the impact of family history of depression on several youth psychopathologies including anxiety disorders, suicidal ideation, and any psychiatric disorder (proportions mediated 1.39%-5.87% of the total effect on psychopathology; FDR-corrected P < .05). These findings suggest that increased polygenic risk for depression partially mediates the associations between family risk for depression and offspring psychopathology, showing a genetic basis for intergenerational transmission of depression. Future approaches that combine assessments of family risk with polygenic profiles may offer a more accurate method for identifying children at elevated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bogyeom Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University
| | | | | | | | | | - Myrna Weissman
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
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Stein MB, Jain S, Papini S, Campbell-Sills L, Choi KW, Martis B, Sun X, He F, Ware EB, Naifeh JA, Aliaga PA, Ge T, Smoller JW, Gelernter J, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ. Polygenic risk for suicide attempt is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of parental risk. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:671-682. [PMID: 38309480 PMCID: PMC11259154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Whereas some studies have suggested that a direct measure of common genetic liability for suicide attempts (SA), captured by a polygenic risk score for SA (SA-PRS), explains risk independent of parental history, further confirmation would be useful. Even more unsettled is the extent to which SA-PRS is associated with lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS We used summary statistics from the largest available GWAS study of SA to generate SA-PRS for two non-overlapping cohorts of soldiers of European ancestry. These were tested in multivariable models that included parental major depressive disorder (MDD) and parental SA. RESULTS In the first cohort, 417 (6.3 %) of 6573 soldiers reported lifetime SA and 1195 (18.2 %) reported lifetime NSSI. In a multivariable model that included parental history of MDD and parental history of SA, SA-PRS remained significantly associated with lifetime SA [aOR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.13-1.39, p < 0.001] per standardized unit SA-PRS]. In the second cohort, 204 (4.2 %) of 4900 soldiers reported lifetime SA, and 299 (6.1 %) reported lifetime NSSI. In a multivariable model that included parental history of MDD and parental history of SA, SA-PRS remained significantly associated with lifetime SA [aOR = 1.20, 95%CI:1.04-1.38, p = 0.014]. A combined analysis of both cohorts yielded similar results. In neither cohort or in the combined analysis was SA-PRS significantly associated with NSSI. CONCLUSIONS PRS for SA conveys information about likelihood of lifetime SA (but not NSSI, demonstrating specificity), independent of self-reported parental history of MDD and parental history of SA. LIMITATIONS At present, the magnitude of effects is small and would not be immediately useful for clinical decision-making or risk-stratified prevention initiatives, but this may be expected to improve with further iterations. Also critical will be the extension of these findings to more diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura Campbell-Sills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Martis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James A Naifeh
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo A Aliaga
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jiang X, Zai CC, Kennedy KG, Zou Y, Nikolova YS, Felsky D, Young LT, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Association of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 37852985 PMCID: PMC10584947 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in knowledge regarding the polygenic underpinnings of brain anomalies observed in youth bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the association of a polygenic risk score for BD (BD-PRS) with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth with and without BD. 113 participants were included in the analyses, including 78 participants with both T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI images, 32 participants with T1-weighted images only, and 3 participants with diffusion-weighted images only. BD-PRS was calculated using PRS-CS-auto and was based on independent adult genome-wide summary statistics. Vertex- and voxel-wise analyses examined the associations of BD-PRS with grey matter metrics (cortical volume [CV], cortical surface area [CSA], cortical thickness [CTh]) and fractional anisotropy [FA] in the combined sample, and separately in BD and HC. In the combined sample of participants with T1-weighted images (n = 110, 66 BD, 44 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with smaller grey matter metrics in frontal and temporal regions. In within-group analyses, higher BD-PRS was associated with lower CTh of frontal, temporal, and fusiform gyrus in BD, and with lower CV and CSA of superior frontal gyrus in HC. In the combined sample of participants with diffusion-weighted images (n = 81, 49 BD, 32 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with lower FA in widespread white matter regions. In summary, BD-PRS calculated based on adult genetic data was negatively associated with grey matter structure and FA in youth in regions implicated in BD, which may suggest neuroimaging markers of vulnerability to BD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether BD-PRS predicts neurodevelopmental changes in BD vs. HC and its interaction with course of illness and long-term medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Jiang
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sandra E Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Campbell-Sills L, Sun X, Papini S, Choi KW, He F, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Jain S, Stein MB. Genetic, environmental, and behavioral correlates of lifetime suicide attempt: Analysis of additive and interactive effects in two cohorts of US Army soldiers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1623-1629. [PMID: 37208502 PMCID: PMC10517006 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed measures of genetic liability to suicide attempt may convey unique information regarding an individual's risk of suicidal behavior. We calculated a polygenic risk score for suicide attempt (SA-PRS) for soldiers of European ancestry who participated in the Army STARRS New Soldier Study (NSS; n = 6573) or Pre/Post Deployment Study (PPDS; n = 4900). Multivariable logistic regression models were fit within each sample to estimate the association of SA-PRS with lifetime suicide attempt (LSA), and to examine whether SA-PRS displayed additive or interactive effects with environmental and behavioral risk/protective factors (lifetime trauma burden, childhood maltreatment, negative urgency impulsivity, social network size, perceived mattering, and dispositional optimism). Age, sex, and within-ancestry variation were included as covariates. Observed prevalence of LSA was 6.3% and 4.2% in the NSS and PPDS samples, respectively. In the NSS model, SA-PRS and environmental/behavioral factors displayed strictly additive effects on odds of LSA. Results indicated an estimated 21% increase in odds of LSA per 1 SD increase in SA-PRS [adjusted odds ratio (AOR; 95% CI) = 1.21 (1.09-1.35)]. In PPDS, the effect of SA-PRS varied by reports of optimism [AOR = 0.85 (0.74-0.98) for SA-PRS x optimism effect]. Individuals reporting low and average optimism had 37% and 16% increased odds of LSA per 1 SD increase in SA-PRS, respectively, whereas SA-PRS was not associated with LSA in those reporting high optimism. Overall, results suggested the SA-PRS had predictive value over and above several environmental and behavioral risk factors for LSA. Moreover, elevated SA-PRS may be more concerning in the presence of environmental and behavioral risk factors (e.g., high trauma burden; low optimism). Given the relatively small effect magnitudes, the cost and incremental benefits of utilizing SA-PRS for risk targeting must also be considered in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campbell-Sills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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5
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Nichter B, Koller D, De Angelis F, Wang J, Girgenti MJ, Na PJ, Hill ML, Norman SB, Krystal JH, Gelernter J, Polimanti R, Pietrzak RH. Genetic liability to suicidal thoughts and behaviors and risk of suicide attempt in US military veterans: moderating effects of cumulative trauma burden. Psychol Med 2023; 53:6325-6333. [PMID: 36444557 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about environmental factors that may influence associations between genetic liability to suicidality and suicidal behavior. METHODS This study examined whether a suicidality polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from a large genome-wide association study (N = 122,935) was associated with suicide attempts in a population-based sample of European-American US military veterans (N = 1664; 92.5% male), and whether cumulative lifetime trauma exposure moderated this association. RESULTS Eighty-five veterans (weighted 6.3%) reported a history of suicide attempt. After adjusting for sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics, suicidality PRS was associated with lifetime suicide attempt (odds ratio 2.65; 95% CI 1.37-5.11). A significant suicidality PRS-by-trauma exposure interaction emerged, such that veterans with higher levels of suicidality PRS and greater trauma burden had the highest probability of lifetime suicide attempt (16.6%), whereas the probability of attempts was substantially lower among those with high suicidality PRS and low trauma exposure (1.4%). The PRS-by-trauma interaction effect was enriched for genes implicated in cellular and developmental processes, and nervous system development, with variants annotated to the DAB2 and SPNS2 genes, which are implicated in inflammatory processes. Drug repurposing analyses revealed upregulation of suicide gene-sets in the context of medrysone, a drug targeting chronic inflammation, and clofibrate, a triacylglyceride level lowering agent. CONCLUSION Results suggest that genetic liability to suicidality is associated with increased risk of suicide attempt among veterans, particularly in the presence of high levels of cumulative trauma exposure. Additional research is warranted to investigate whether incorporation of genomic information may improve suicide prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nichter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter J Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melanie L Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sonya B Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Campbell-Sills L, Papini S, Norman SB, Choi KW, He F, Sun X, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Jain S, Stein MB. Associations of polygenic risk scores with posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36876647 PMCID: PMC10480347 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genetic risk factors may inform the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study evaluates the associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) with patterns of posttraumatic stress symptoms following combat deployment. METHOD US Army soldiers of European ancestry (n = 4900) provided genomic data and ratings of posttraumatic stress symptoms before and after deployment to Afghanistan in 2012. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to model posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories among participants who provided post-deployment data (n = 4353). Multinomial logistic regression models tested independent associations between trajectory membership and PRS for PTSD, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, neuroticism, alcohol use disorder, and suicide attempt, controlling for age, sex, ancestry, and exposure to potentially traumatic events, and weighted to account for uncertainty in trajectory classification and missing data. RESULTS Participants were classified into low-severity (77.2%), increasing-severity (10.5%), decreasing-severity (8.0%), and high-severity (4.3%) posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories. Standardized PTSD-PRS and MDD-PRS were associated with greater odds of membership in the high-severity v. low-severity trajectory [adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, 1.23 (1.06-1.43) and 1.18 (1.02-1.37), respectively] and the increasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.12 (1.01-1.25) and 1.16 (1.04-1.28), respectively]. Additionally, MDD-PRS was associated with greater odds of membership in the decreasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.16 (1.03-1.31)]. No other associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher polygenic risk for PTSD or MDD is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment. PRS may help stratify at-risk individuals, enabling more precise targeting of treatment and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago Papini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sonya B. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Executive Division, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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