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Abstract
The formation and study of molecules that model the sp-hybridized carbon allotrope, carbyne, is a challenging field of synthetic physical organic chemistry. The target molecules, oligo- and polyynes, are often the preferred candidates as models for carbyne because they can be formed with monodisperse lengths as well as defined structures. Despite a simple linear structure, the synthesis of polyynes is often far from straightforward, due in large part to a highly conjugated framework that can render both precursors and products highly reactive, i.e., kinetically unstable. The vast majority of polyynes are formed as symmetrical products from terminal alkynes as precursors via an oxidative, acetylenic homocoupling reaction based on the Glaser, Eglinton-Galbraith, and Hay reactions. These reactions are very efficient for the synthesis of shorter polyynes (e.g., hexaynes and octaynes), but yields often drop dramatically as a function of length for longer derivatives, usually starting with the formation of decaynes. The most effective approach to circumvent unstable precursors and products has been through the incorporation of sterically demanding end groups that serve to "protect" the polyyne skeleton. This approach was arguably identified in the early 1950s by Bohlmann and co-workers with the synthesis of tBu-end-capped polyynes. During the next 50 years, a polyyne with 14 contiguous alkyne units remained the longest isolated derivative until 2010, when the record was extended to 22 alkyne units. The record length was broken again in 2020, when a polyyne consisting of 24 alkynes was isolated and characterized. Beyond polyynes, there have been several reports describing the potential synthesis of carbyne, but conclusive characterization and proof of structure have been tenuous. The sole example of synthetic carbyne arises from synthesis within carbon nanotubes, when chains of thousands of sp carbon atoms have been linked to form polydisperse samples of carbyne. Thus, model compounds for carbyne, the polyynes, remain the best means to examine and predict the experimental structure and properties of this carbon allotrope.This Account will discuss the general synthesis of polyynes using homologous series of polyynes with up to 10 alkyne units as examples (decaynes). The limited number of specific syntheses of series with longer polyynes will then be presented and discussed in more detail based on end groups. The monodisperse polyynes produced from these synthetic efforts are then examined toward providing our best extrapolations for the expected characteristics for carbyne based on 13C NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Bormann CT, Mathew C, António MM, Trotti A, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Terminal 1-Alkynyl Triazene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16882-16886. [PMID: 36459616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
1-Alkynyl triazenes are versatile reagents in synthetic organic chemistry, but the structural diversity of this compound class has so far been limited. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a terminal 1-alkynyl triazene. Subsequent functionalization allows the preparation of 1-alkynyl triazenes with a range of functional groups including esters, alcohols, cyanides, phosphonates, and amides. Furthermore, the terminal 1-alkynyl triazene can be used for the synthesis of di- and triynes and for the preparation of (hetero)aromatic triazenes in metal-catalyzed cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl T Bormann
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christeena Mathew
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margarida M António
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aude Trotti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gawel P, Woltering SL, Xiong Y, Christensen KE, Anderson HL. Masked Alkyne Equivalents for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Polyynes*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5941-5947. [PMID: 33253464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyyne polyrotaxanes, encapsulated cyclocarbon catenanes and other fascinating mechanically interlocked carbon-rich architectures should become accessible if masked alkyne equivalents (MAEs) can be developed that are large enough to prevent unthreading of a macrocycle, and that can be cleanly unmasked under mild conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new bulky MAE based on t-butylbicyclo[4.3.1]decatriene. This MAE was used to synthesize a polyyne [2]rotaxane and a masked-polyyne [3]rotaxane by Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling. Glaser cyclo-oligomerization of the [2]rotaxane gave masked cyclocarbon catenanes. The unmasking behavior of the catenanes and rotaxanes was tested by photolysis at a range of UV wavelengths. Photochemical unmasking did not proceed cleanly enough to prepare extended encapsulated polyyne polyrotaxanes. We highlight the scope and challenges involved with this approach to interlocked carbon-rich architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Gawel
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka, 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Steffen L Woltering
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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4
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Gawel P, Woltering SL, Xiong Y, Christensen KE, Anderson HL. Masked Alkyne Equivalents for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Polyynes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Gawel
- Department of Chemistry Oxford University Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 Warsaw Poland
| | - Steffen L. Woltering
- Department of Chemistry Oxford University Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry Oxford University Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Oxford University Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry Oxford University Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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5
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Zieleniewska A, Zhao X, Bauroth S, Wang C, Batsanov AS, Krick Calderon C, Kahnt A, Clark T, Bryce MR, Guldi DM. Resonance-Enhanced Charge Delocalization in Carbazole-Oligoyne-Oxadiazole Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18769-18781. [PMID: 33084308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are notably few literature reports of electron donor-acceptor oligoynes, even though they offer unique opportunities for studying charge transport through "all-carbon" molecular bridges. In this context, the current study focuses on a series of carbazole-(C≡C)n-2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (n = 1-4) as conjugated π-systems in general and explores their photophysical properties in particular. Contrary to the behavior of typical electron donor-acceptor systems, for these oligoynes, the rates of charge recombination after photoexcitation increase with increasing electron donor-acceptor distance. To elucidate this unusual performance, we conducted detailed photophysical and time-dependent density functional theory investigations. Significant delocalization of the molecular orbitals along the bridge indicates that the bridging states come into resonance with either the electron donor or acceptor, thereby accelerating the charge transfer. Moreover, the calculated bond lengths reveal a reduction in bond-length alternation upon photoexcitation, indicating significant cumulenic character of the bridge in the excited state. In short, strong vibronic coupling between the electron-donating N-arylcarbazoles and the electron-accepting 1,3,4-oxadiazoles accelerates the charge recombination as the oligoyne becomes longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zieleniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Krick Calderon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Woltering SL, Gawel P, Christensen KE, Thompson AL, Anderson HL. Photochemical Unmasking of Polyyne Rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13523-13532. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen L. Woltering
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Przemyslaw Gawel
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Curbet I, Colombel-Rouen S, Manguin R, Clermont A, Quelhas A, Müller DS, Roisnel T, Baslé O, Trolez Y, Mauduit M. Expedient synthesis of conjugated triynes via alkyne metathesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4934-4938. [PMID: 34122949 PMCID: PMC8159245 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The first synthesis of conjugated triynes by molybdenum-catalysed alkyne metathesis is reported. Strategic to the success of this approach is the utilization of sterically-hindered diynes that allowed for the site-selective alkyne metathesis to produce the desired conjugated triyne products. The steric hindrance of the alkyne moiety was found to be crucial in preventing the formation of diyne byproducts. This novel synthetic strategy was amenable to self- and cross-metathesis providing straightforward access to the corresponding symmetrical and dissymmetrical triynes with high selectivity. The first synthesis of symmetrical and dissymmetrical conjugated triynes by self- and cross-metathesis was successfully achieved thanks to the use of hindered diynes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Curbet
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Sophie Colombel-Rouen
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Romane Manguin
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Anthony Clermont
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Alexandre Quelhas
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Daniel S Müller
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Olivier Baslé
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Yann Trolez
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
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8
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Pigulski B, Gulia N, Szafert S. Reactivity of Polyynes: Complex Molecules from Simple Carbon Rods. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Nurbey Gulia
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wrocław; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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9
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Schalen, Reifen und Sattel: Methoden zur Synthese gebogener aromatischer Moleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Polen
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10
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Majewski MA, Stępień M. Bowls, Hoops, and Saddles: Synthetic Approaches to Curved Aromatic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:86-116. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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11
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Kohn DR, Gawel P, Xiong Y, Christensen KE, Anderson HL. Synthesis of Polyynes Using Dicobalt Masking Groups. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2077-2086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Kohn
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Przemyslaw Gawel
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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12
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Synthesis and Use of Reactive Molecular Precursors for the Preparation of Carbon Nanomaterials. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of reactive molecular carbon precursors is required if the preparation of carbon nanostructures and nanomaterials is to be achieved under conditions that are sufficiently benign to control their nanoscopic morphology and tailor their chemical functionalization. Recently, oligoyne precursors have been explored for this purpose, as they are sufficiently stable to be available in tangible quantities but readily rearrange in reactions that yield other forms of carbon. In this chapter, we briefly discuss available synthetic routes toward higher oligoynes that mostly rely on transition metal-mediated coupling reactions. Thereafter, a comprehensive overview of the use of oligoyne derivatives as precursors for carbon nanostructures and nanomaterials is given. While the non-templated conversion of simple oligoynes into carbonaceous matter exemplifies their potential as metastable carbon precursors, the more recent attempts to use functionalized oligoynes in host–guest complexes, self-assembled aggregates, thin films, colloids or other types of supramolecular structures have paved the way toward a new generation of carbon nanomaterials with predictable nanoscopic morphology and chemical functionalization.
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13
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Pigulski B, Męcik P, Cichos J, Szafert S. Use of Stable Amine-Capped Polyynes in the Regioselective Synthesis of Push–Pull Thiophenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1487-1498. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pigulski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patrycja Męcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Cichos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sławomir Szafert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Prenzel D, Kirschbaum RW, Chalifoux WA, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Drewello T, Tykwinski RR. Polymerization of acetylene: polyynes, but not carbyne. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00648e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of acetylene in the presence of sterically-hindered endgroups leads to polyynes, but with lengths shorter than by stepwise syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Prenzel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rolf W. Kirschbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisclipinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisclipinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
- 91054 Erlangen
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
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15
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Tarakeshwar P, Buseck PR, Kroto HW. Pseudocarbynes: Charge-Stabilized Carbon Chains. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1675-1681. [PMID: 27078718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbyne is the long-sought linear allotrope of carbon. Despite many reports of solid carbyne, the evidence is unconvincing. A recent report of supposed carbyne shows gold clusters in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In order to determine the effects of such clusters, we performed ab initio calculations of uncapped and capped linear carbon chains and their complexes with gold clusters. The results indicate that gold dramatically alters the electron densities of the C≡C bonds. The resulting charge-stabilization of the carbon chains leads to pseudocarbynes. These findings are corroborated in calculations of the structures of crystals containing isolated carbon chains and those intercalated with gold clusters. Calculated Raman spectra of these pseudocarbynes with gold clusters are in better agreement with experiment than calculated spectra of isolated carbon chains. The current work opens the way toward the design and development of a new class of metal-intercalated carbon compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilarisetty Tarakeshwar
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Peter R Buseck
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-6004, United States
| | - Harold W Kroto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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16
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Sale AC, Murray AH, Prenzel D, Hampel F, De Luca L, Tykwinski RR. Diels-Alder Cycloaddition of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and 1,3,5-Hexatriynes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Casari CS, Tommasini M, Tykwinski RR, Milani A. Carbon-atom wires: 1-D systems with tunable properties. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4414-35. [PMID: 26847474 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a discussion of the current state of research on linear carbon structures and related materials based on sp-hybridization of carbon atoms (polyynes and cumulenes). We show that such systems have widely tunable properties and thus represent an intriguing and mostly unexplored field for both fundamental and applied sciences. We discuss the rich interplay between the structural, vibrational, and electronic properties focusing on recent advances and the future perspectives of carbon-atom wires and novel hybrid sp-sp(2)-carbon architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Casari
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - M Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Milani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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Larsen MH, Nielsen MB. The Gilded Edge in Acetylenic Scaffolding II: A Computational Study of the Transmetalation Processes Involved in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Gold(I) Acetylides. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Højer Larsen
- Center for Exploitation of
Solar Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Center for Exploitation of
Solar Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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