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Wang H, Zhao H, Chen S, Bai L, Su Z, Wu Y. Effective Synthesis of Ladder-type Oligo( p-aniline)s and Poly( p-aniline)s via Intramolecular S NAr Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:2217-2221. [PMID: 33635084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Symmetric ladder-type oligo(p-aniline)s and poly(p-aniline)s were successfully synthesized by an intramolecular ring closure in a highly efficient SNAr reaction from oligo(p-phenylene)s and poly(p-phenylene)s with fluorine (F) and secondary amine (NH) groups. Unlike Cadogan ring closure, the newly designed cyclization reaction will not produce a mixture of symmetric and nonsymmetric structures. Moreover, the introduction of the F atom does not hinder Suzuki polymerization. The result indicates that preparing regular oligomers and polymers with a nitrogen bridge is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hongchi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Libin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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Ouadoudi O, Kaehler T, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. One tool to bring them all: Au-catalyzed synthesis of B,O- and B,N-doped PAHs from boronic and borinic acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5898-5909. [PMID: 34168815 PMCID: PMC8179653 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoelectronic replacement of C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bonds with −BN+ bonds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widely used tool to prepare novel optoelectronic materials. Far less well explored are corresponding B,O-doped PAHs, although they have a similarly high application potential. We herein report on the modular synthesis of B,N- and B,O-doped PAHs through the [Au(PPh3)NTf2]-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization of BN–H and BO–H bonds across suitably positioned C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bonds in the key step. Readily available, easy-to-handle o-alkynylaryl boronic and borinic acids serve as starting materials, which are either cyclized directly or first converted into the corresponding aminoboranes and then cyclized. The reaction even tolerates bulky mesityl substituents on boron, which later kinetically protect the formed B,N/O-PAHs from hydrolysis or oxidation. Our approach is also applicable for the synthesis of rare doubly B,N/O-doped PAHs. Specifically, we prepared 1,2-B,E-naphthalenes and -anthracenes, 1,5-B2-2,6-E2-anthracenes (E = N, O) as well as B,O2-containing and unprecedented B,N,O-containing phenalenyls. Selected examples of these compounds have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography; their optoelectronic properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, electron spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations. Using a new unsubstituted (B,O)2-perylene as the substrate for late-stage functionalization, we finally show that the introduction of two pinacolatoboryl (Bpin) substituents is possible in high yield and with perfect regioselectivity via an Ir-catalyzed C–H borylation approach. Singly and doubly B,E-doped PAHs were synthesized using a protocol that starts from easy-to-handle boronic and borinic acids and offers the possibility to choose between the preparation of B,O- and B,N-PAHs in the final reaction step.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ouadoudi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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Scholz AS, Massoth JG, Bursch M, Mewes JM, Hetzke T, Wolf B, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Grimme S, Wagner M. BNB-Doped Phenalenyls: Modular Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and One-Electron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11072-11083. [PMID: 32464052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A highly modular synthesis of BNB- and BOB-doped phenalenyls is presented. Treatment of the 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged boronic acid anhydride 1 with LiAlH4/Me3SiCl afforded the corresponding 1,8-naphthalenediyl-supported diborane(6) 2, which served as the starting material for all subsequent transformations. Upon addition of MesMgBr/Me3SiCl, 2 was readily converted to the tetraorganyl diborane(6) 5. The further heteroatoms were finally introduced through the reaction of 2 with (Me3Si)2NR' or 5 with H2NR' or H2O (R' = H, Me, p-Tol). A helically twisted, fully BNB-embedded PAH 11 was prepared by combining 2 with a dibrominated m-terphenylamine, followed by a Grignard-mediated double ring-closure reaction. All compounds devoid of B-H bonds show favorable optoelectronic properties, such as luminescence and reversible reduction behavior. In the case of the BNB-phenalenyl 7 (BMes, NMe), the radical-anion salt K[7•] was generated through chemical reduction with K metal and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. K[7•] is not long-term stable in a THF/c-hexane solution, but abstracts an H atom with formation of the diamagnetic BNB-doped 1H-phenalene K[7H].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian G Massoth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Bursch
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-M Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thilo Hetzke
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolf
- Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Debnath P. Recent Advances in the Hofmann Rearrangement and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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C-N bond formation reactions are the most important transformations in
(bio)organic chemistry because of the widespread occurrence of amines in pharmaceuticals,
natural products, and biologically active compounds. The Hofmann rearrangement is
a well-known method used for the preparation of primary amines from amides. But, the
traditional version of the Hofmann rearrangement often gave relatively poor yields due to
over-oxidation or due to the poor solubility of some amides in aqueous base, and created
an enormous amount of waste products. Developments over the last two decades, in particular,
have focused on refining both of these factors affecting the reaction. This review
covers both the description of recent advances (2000-2019) in the Hofmann
rearrangements and its applications in the synthesis of heterocycles, natural products and
complex molecules of biological interest. It is revealed that organo-catalytic systems especially hypervalent
iodine-based catalysts have been developed for the green and environmentally friendly conversion of
carboxamides to primary amines and carbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Maharaja Bir Bikram College, Agartala, Tripura-799004, India
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Chen S, Liu F, Wang C, Shen J, Wu Y. Simple Route to Synthesize Fully Conjugated Ladder Isomer Copolymers with Carbazole Units. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101619. [PMID: 31591357 PMCID: PMC6835825 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isomer polymers, P3 and P6, with fully conjugated ladder structures are presented by simple synthetic routes. The well-defined structures of fully conjugated ladder polymers P3 and P6 were ensured by the high yields of every reaction step. The fully rigid ladder structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photophysical test. Polymers P3 and P6 with bulky alkyl side chains exhibit good solution processability and desirable thermostable properties. After the intramolecular cyclization reaction, the band gaps of polymers P3 and P6 become lower (2.86 eV and 2.66 eV, respectively) compared with polymers P1 and P4. This initial study provides insight for the rational design of fully ladder-conjugated isomeric polymers with well-defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jinghui Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Liu F, Wu Y, Wang C, Ma J, Wu F, Zhang Y, Ba X. Synthesis and Characterization of Fully Conjugated Ladder Naphthalene Bisimide Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E790. [PMID: 30960715 PMCID: PMC6403639 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully conjugated ladder copolymers have attracted considerable attention due to their unique fused-ring structure and optoelectronic properties. In this study, two fully conjugated ladder naphthalene diimide (NDI) copolymers, P(NDI-CZL) and P(NDI-TTL) with imine-bridged structures are presented in high yields. Both of the two copolymers have good solubility and high thermal stability. The corresponding compounds with the same structure as the copolymers were synthesized as model system. The yields for each step of the synthesis of the model compounds are higher than 95%. These results suggest that P(NDI-CZL) and P(NDI-TTL) can be synthesized successfully with fewer structural defects. The structures and optoelectronic properties of compounds and copolymers are investigated by NMR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Both in solution and as a thin film, the two copolymers show two UV-vis absorption bands (around 300⁻400 nm and 400⁻750 nm) and a very weak fluorescence. The collective results suggest that the two fully conjugated ladder copolymers can be used as potential acceptor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Junshu Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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