1
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Cooper EB, Brent LJN, Snyder-Mackler N, Singh M, Sengupta A, Khatiwada S, Malaivijitnond S, Qi Hai Z, Higham JP. The natural history of model organisms: the rhesus macaque as a success story of the Anthropocene. eLife 2022; 11:78169. [PMID: 35801697 PMCID: PMC9345599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the non-human primate species studied by researchers, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is likely the most widely used across biological disciplines. Rhesus macaques have thrived during the Anthropocene and now have the largest natural range of any non-human primate. They are highly social, exhibit marked genetic diversity, and display remarkable niche flexibility (which allows them to live in a range of habitats and survive on a variety of diets). These characteristics mean that rhesus macaques are well-suited for understanding the links between sociality, health and fitness, and also for investigating intra-specific variation, adaptation and other topics in evolutionary ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve B Cooper
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States
| | | | | | - Mewa Singh
- Biopsychology Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunil Khatiwada
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Garbatka, Poland
| | | | - Zhou Qi Hai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States
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2
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Chowdhury S, Brown JL, Swedell L. Costs of seasonality at a southern latitude: Behavioral endocrinology of female baboons in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa. Horm Behav 2021; 134:105020. [PMID: 34391183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental challenges in the form of temperature extremes and unusual precipitation, which may lead to prolonged periods outside the thermoneutral zone, can be detrimental to animal physiology. Chacma baboons in the Cape Peninsula of South Africa, one of the highest latitudes at which nonhuman primates are found, experience extremes of both temperature and rainfall, as well as seasonal differences in day length that require animals to condense their daily routine into dramatically reduced daylight hours. Here we examine the effects of these climatic factors on the behavior (activity budgets and foraging patterns) and physiology (fecal glucocorticoid concentrations) of adult females (N = 33) in three groups of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) inhabiting the Cape Peninsula, where temperatures ranged from 7 to 39 °C, monthly rainfall ranged from 2 to 158 mm, and day length varied by 4.5 h across seasons. Climatic variables showed a clear relationship to female baboon glucocorticoid concentrations, which significantly increased with lower temperatures, higher rainfall and shorter day lengths. Activity budgets also differed between summer and winter, with females generally spending less time socializing, moving and resting in the winter compared to summer, with some differences between troops in their feeding-related activities. Cold temperatures accompanied by rainfall and short day lengths may thus represent an ecological constraint for this population. This study highlights the potential impact of anthropogenic climate change on the physiology, behavior, and, ultimately, survival of wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrina Chowdhury
- Department of Anthropology, Brooklyn College, CUNY, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Anthropology Program, Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY, USA.
| | - Janine L Brown
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Larissa Swedell
- Anthropology Program, Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY, USA; Department of Anthropology, Queens College, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, USA; Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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3
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Trébouet F, Malaivijitnond S, Reichard UH. Reproductive seasonality in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). Primates 2021; 62:491-505. [PMID: 33738636 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macaque reproductive patterns range from strictly seasonal breeding to non-seasonal breeding, but factors explaining this variation are not fully understood. Valid reproductive seasonality data are also still lacking for many wild macaque populations because the majority of birth data are from captive animals living outside of their geographic range. We evaluated whether the reproductive seasonality of wild northern pig-tailed macaques falls as expected by the ecological (latitude) or phylogenetic inertia hypotheses in comparison with other macaque species. We recorded monthly occurrences of births (N = 22), copulations (N = 563), and females exhibiting sex skin swellings (N = 18) in one group at Khao Yai National Park (KYNP), Thailand. Births, copulations, and females exhibiting sex skin swellings were significantly different from a random distribution. Using measures of circular statistics and the van Schaik and colleagues' (Schaik et al. Lee (ed), Comparative primate socioecology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999) seasonality categorizations, the population at KYNP is best characterized as moderately seasonal breeding. Despite some inconsistency, macaque reproductive seasonality was significantly influenced by latitudinal location. We broadly found that: (1) non-seasonal breeding macaque populations (birth r-vector < 0.3) lived at latitudes close to the equator between 1°S and 3°N, (2) moderately seasonal breeding macaque populations (0.3 < birth r-vector < 0.7) were found between 3°N and 14°N and at 5°S, and (3) strictly seasonal breeding macaque populations (birth r-vector > 0.7) ranged ≥ 12°N. A strong phylogenetic signal in reproductive seasonality on the macaque phylogeny was also detected. However, further studies of wild macaque populations are still needed to better characterize reproductive seasonality in this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trébouet
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, USA.
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,National Primate Research Center of Thailand-Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Ulrich H Reichard
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, USA.,Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, USA
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4
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Fan P, He X, Yang Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Yuan L, Chen W, Liu D, Fan P. Reproductive Parameters of Captive Female Northern White-Cheeked (Nomascus leucogenys) and Yellow-Cheeked (Nomascus gabriellae) Gibbons. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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5
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Guo Y, Garber PA, Tian J, Lu J. Neonatal nipple preference and maternal cradling laterality in wild Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis). Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23197. [PMID: 32960452 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lateralized behavior is considered an observable phenotype of cerebral functional asymmetry and has been documented in many mammalian species. In the present study, we examined evidence of lateralization in neonatal nipple contact, maternal cradling, and the relationship between these two behaviors during the first 12 weeks of life in wild Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis). The results showed that across our sample of nine mother-infant dyads: (1) Seven of nine neonates exhibited a significant left-side nipple preference during the first 12 weeks of life, whereas eight of nine mothers displayed a significant right-side cradling preference; (2) at the population level, there was a significant preference for left nipple contact by neonatal Taihangshan macaques and a significant right-hand maternal cradling preference; (3) at the population level, there was a nonsignificant negative correlation between neonatal nipple preference and maternal cradling bias; and (4) the strength of individual neonatal nipple preference and maternal cradling laterality were not correlated. We conclude that asymmetry in nipple contact of Taihangshan macaques occurs early in behavioral development. Given that infant Taihangshan macaques are able to nurse and cling unassisted to their mothers within a few days after birth, it appears that the infant rather than its mother is responsible for determining a nipple-side preference. Our results indicating a left-side nipple bias in 78% of wild neonatal Taihangshan macaques are most consistent with the heartbeat hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongman Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,International Center of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jundong Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Taihangshan Macaque Research Center, Jiyuan, Henan, China
| | - Jiqi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Taihangshan Macaque Research Center, Jiyuan, Henan, China
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6
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Kurihara Y, Kinoshita K, Shiroishi I, Hanya G. Seasonal variation in energy balance of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fucata yakui) in a warm-temperate forest: a preliminary assessment in the coastal forest of Yakushima. Primates 2020; 61:427-442. [PMID: 32048082 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food scarcity is a major challenge for primates living in temperate forests, where food availability varies markedly among seasons. In Japanese macaques, which are exclusively distributed in temperate zones, the fat accumulation ability has been highlighted as an adaptation for survival during the lean season and for reproductive success. However, the knowledge of energetic strategies of Japanese macaques has been mainly derived from data on cool-temperate forests, where fallback foods comprise winter buds and bark. Data on Japanese macaques in warm-temperate forests where fallback foods comprise mature leaves are still lacking. We aimed to identify seasonal variations in energy balance and the relative importance of ingestion rates (dry matter intake per feeding time), energy content of the food, and feeding time in energy intake of Japanese macaques in the coastal forest of Yakushima. We estimated energy balance of 6-12 adult females from October 2012 to October 2013. We estimated energy intake based on the data on feeding behavior and energy content of the diet and calculated energy expenditure based on the previously established relationship between body mass and total energy expenditure. We also quantified urinary C-peptide, which is a non-invasive biomarker of energetic conditions. We demonstrated that energy balance was more positive in the fruit/seed-feeding period than in the mature-leaf-feeding and fruit/fungi-feeding periods and that ingestion rates were the most important component of energy intake. The present study suggests that the fat accumulation ability is an essential adaptation in Japanese macaques even in warm-temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kurihara
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan. .,Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Nishifujidaira 1623-1, Tenryu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3532, Japan.
| | | | - Izumi Shiroishi
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Goro Hanya
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
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7
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Cui Z, Wang Z, Zhang S, Wang B, Lu J, Raubenheimer D. Living near the limits: Effects of interannual variation in food availability on diet and reproduction in a temperate primate, the Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis). Am J Primatol 2019; 82:e23080. [PMID: 31858636 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient intake of animals is influenced by an interplay of external and internal factors, such as food availability and reproductive state, respectively. We used the nutritional geometry framework to analyze individual-based data on energy and nutrient intake in relation to reproductive state in a population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis), which live in a harsh high-latitude habitat, the Taihangshan mountains of China, and exhibit strong reproductive seasonality. We combined data over a 3-year period on food availability, diets, reproductive output, and components of maternal investment to understand how Taihangshan macaques respond to variation in food availability and nutrition in reproduction. Our results show there was high interannual variation in availability of an important staple source of fat and carbohydrates (nonprotein energy), seeds of oak (Quercus spp). Despite this variability in seed availability skewing the dietary macronutrient ratios considerably (from 12.96% to 30.12% dietary energy from protein), total metabolizable energy intake was maintained across years during pregnancy. Lactating females had higher mean daily energy intakes than pregnant females. As in pregnant females, energy intake was maintained constant across years, but only when seed availability enabled the contribution of available protein to energy intake to be maintained between 15.32% (2013) and 17.97% (2015). In 2014, when seeds were scarce, lactating females had a shortfall in energy intake compared with 2013 and 2015. This corresponded with a reduction in the number of females giving birth (11 out of 23), but there was no interannual difference in survival rates. Compared to 2013 and 2015, in 2014 females had greater weight loss (drew on body reserves), moved less, and spent more time nursing their offspring. We discuss implications of these results for range limitation in Taihangshan macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Physical Education (main campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baishi Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jiqi Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Cui Z, Shao Q, Grueter CC, Wang Z, Lu J, Raubenheimer D. Dietary diversity of an ecological and macronutritional generalist primate in a harsh high‐latitude habitat, the Taihangshan macaque (
Macaca mulatta tcheliensis
). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22965. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Cui
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Cyril C. Grueter
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiqi Lu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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9
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Anderson CJ, Van De Kerk M, Pine WE, Hostetler ME, Heard DJ, Johnson SA. Population estimate and management options for introduced rhesus macaques. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Jane Anderson
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32608USA
| | - Madelon Van De Kerk
- University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences114 Winkenwerder, P.O. Box 352100SeattleWA98195USA
| | - William E. Pine
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32608USA
| | - Mark E. Hostetler
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32608USA
| | - Darryl J. Heard
- University of Florida, School of Veterinary MedicineBox 100126GainesvilleFL32610USA
| | - Steve A. Johnson
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32608USA
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10
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Liu Z, Tan X, Orozco-terWengel P, Zhou X, Zhang L, Tian S, Yan Z, Xu H, Ren B, Zhang P, Xiang Z, Sun B, Roos C, Bruford MW, Li M. Population genomics of wild Chinese rhesus macaques reveals a dynamic demographic history and local adaptation, with implications for biomedical research. Gigascience 2018; 7:5079661. [PMID: 30165519 PMCID: PMC6143732 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rhesus macaque (RM, Macaca mulatta) is the most important nonhuman primate model in biomedical research. We present the first genomic survey of wild RMs, sequencing 81 geo-referenced individuals of five subspecies from 17 locations in China, a large fraction of the species’ natural distribution. Results Populations were structured into five genetic lineages on the mainland and Hainan Island, recapitulating current subspecies designations. These subspecies are estimated to have diverged 125.8 to 51.3 thousand years ago, but feature recent gene flow. Consistent with the expectation of a larger body size in colder climates and smaller body size in warmer climates (Bergman's rule), the northernmost RM lineage (M. m. tcheliensis), possessing the largest body size of all Chinese RMs, and the southernmost lineage (M. m. brevicaudus), with the smallest body size of all Chinese RMs, feature positively selected genes responsible for skeletal development. Further, two candidate selected genes (Fbp1, Fbp2) found in M. m. tcheliensis are involved in gluconeogenesis, potentially maintaining stable blood glucose levels during starvation when food resources are scarce in winter. The tropical subspecies M. m. brevicaudus showed positively selected genes related to cardiovascular function and response to temperature stimuli, potentially involved in tropical adaptation. We found 118 single-nucleotide polymorphisms matching human disease-causing variants with 82 being subspecies specific. Conclusions These data provide a resource for selection of RMs in biomedical experiments. The demographic history of Chinese RMs and their history of local adaption offer new insights into their evolution and provide valuable baseline information for biomedical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinxin Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liye Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Jiuxianqiao North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongze Yan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Baoping Ren
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Road, Guang Zhou, 510275, China
| | - Zuofu Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Michael W Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
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11
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Cui ZW, Wang ZL, Shao Q, Raubenheimer D, Lu JQ. Macronutrient signature of dietary generalism in an ecologically diverse primate in the wild. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Wei Cui
- School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhen-Long Wang
- School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ji-Qi Lu
- School of life sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Tian J, Zhang S, Guo Y, Garber PA, Guo W, Kuang S, Lu J. Evidence of Placentophagia and Mother-Infant Cannibalism in Free-Ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan, Jiyuan, China. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2017; 87:381-391. [PMID: 28237987 DOI: 10.1159/000455845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Placentophagia or the consumption of the afterbirth is reported in many primate species, whereas cannibalism is a relatively rare event. Based on our field observations over the course of 3 years, we present evidence of placentophagia and mother-infant cannibalism in a free-ranging population of the Taihangshan macaque, Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, in the Mt. Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, Henan, China. We documented 1 case in which a mother consumed the afterbirth of her infant. In a second instance, we observed a fresh placenta discarded on the ground by an unknown individual. We also present a description of the first documented instance of mother-infant cannibalism in the same group of free-ranging rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Xiang Z, Yang W, Qi X, Yao H, Grueter CC, Garber PA, Li B, Li M. An examination of factors potentially influencing birth distributions in golden snub-nosed monkeys ( Rhinopithecus roxellana). PeerJ 2017; 5:e2892. [PMID: 28149681 PMCID: PMC5267570 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species of primates are considered seasonal breeders, but the set of factors, such as food availability, day length and temperature, that influence the timing of reproductive events for both wild and captive individuals remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of factors in shaping breeding patterns in Rhinopithecus roxellana, a temperate colobine primate. We used circular statistics to describe and compare the patterns of reproductive seasonality among individuals in 13 captive groups and two free ranging but provisioned groups at various locations throughout China. Almost 90% of births occurred in March, April and May in adult females residing in both free ranging (n = 131) and captive groups (n = 407). Births occurred principally in 2-4 months prior to the peak of food availability, while conceptions occurred in 1-2 months after the peak of food availability in free ranging but provisioned groups. Day length (latitude) had a significant effect on the timing of reproduction. However, females that experienced a wide variation of temperature between the lowest and highest monthly average temperature had a later conception date. These results support that day length and temperature might be factor influencing the timing of reproductive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuofu Xiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanji Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Lab of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Lab of Conservation Biology for Shennongjia Golden Monkey, Shennongjia Forest District, Hubei, China
| | - Cyril C. Grueter
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Baoguo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Polo P, Colmenares F. Seasonality of reproductive events and early mortality in a colony of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) over a 30-year period: Capital breeding and life history patterns in a food-provisioned population seasonally thermally stressed. Am J Primatol 2016; 78:1149-1164. [PMID: 27273743 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In environments where energy demands and resource availability vary seasonally, individuals are expected to time the optimal allocation of resources to support survival and reproduction. Although female baboons are regarded as all year round, capital breeders, we wondered how they would respond in an ecological scenario where food were not limiting, foraging effort were negligible, and they were thermally stressed during the cold winter. This study analyzes a 30-year database of conceptions, births, resumptions of postlactational ovarian activity, menarches, and prenatal and early postnatal reproductive failures recorded in a food-provisioned colony of hamadryas baboons located in a temperate zone (40°25'N) to search for seasonal patterns in their life-history patterns and explore its fitness consequences. The results show that the study females exhibited moderate seasonality and behaved like capital breeders; ovarian activity peaked during the period of benign weather conditions (spring and early summer) and births and lactation peaked during the period when they were thermally stressed and faced a negative energy balance (winter). Mistimed conceptions were more likely to fail than timed conceptions were, although this association could be artefactual due to the difficulty to accurately detect prenatal losses. Insolation and, to a lesser extent, temperature were positively associated with conceptions, resumptions of postlactational ovarian activity and onsets of menarche, and negatively associated with births. These findings highlight the extent of plasticity (width of peaks) and resiliency (retention of a capital breeding tactic even under highly seasonally thermally stressful cold conditions) in how primates can adjust their life history patterns and solve tradeoffs in a scenario of strong seasonal variation. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1149-1164, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Polo
- Grupo UCM de Estudio del Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Fernando Colmenares
- Grupo UCM de Estudio del Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Establishment of a microsatellite set for noninvasive paternity testing in free-ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, China. Zool Stud 2015; 54:e8. [PMID: 31966095 DOI: 10.1186/s40555-014-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within multi-male and multi-female mammalian societies, paternity assignment is crucial for evaluating male reproductive success, dominance hierarchy, and inbreeding avoidance. It is, however, difficult to determine paternity because of female promiscuity during reproduction. Noninvasive molecular techniques (e.g., fecal DNA) make it possible to match the genetic father to his offspring. In the current study, a troop of free-ranging Taihangshan macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in Mt. Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, China, was selected for studying the paternity. We successfully screened a set of microsatellite loci from fecal DNA and evaluated the efficiency of these loci for paternity testing using clearly recorded data of maternity. RESULTS The results showed that: 1) ten loci out of 18 candidate microsatellite loci were amplified successfully in the fecal samples of Taihangshan macaques. The error probability in maternity assignments and paternity testing was very low as indicated by their power of discrimination (0.70 to 0.95), power of exclusion (0.43 to 0.84), and the values of polymorphic information content ranging from 0.52 to 0.82; 2) the combined probability of exclusion in paternity testing for ten qualified loci was as high as 99.999%, and the combined probability of exclusion reached 99.99% when the seven most polymorphic loci were adopted; 3) the offspring were assigned to their biological mother correctly and also matched with their genetic father. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the ten polymorphic microsatellite loci, especially a core set of seven most polymorphic loci, provided an effective and reliable tool for noninvasive paternity testing in free-ranging rhesus macaques.
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Arlet ME, Isbell LA, Kaasik A, Molleman F, Chancellor RL, Chapman CA, Mänd R, Carey JR. Determinants of Reproductive Performance Among Female Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tian J, Wang B, Wang Z, Liu J, Lu J. Effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio in Macaca mulatta in Mount Taihangshan area. Integr Zool 2014; 10:199-206. [PMID: 25315996 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sex allocation theory predicts the optimal investment to male and female offspring. However, a biased sex ratio requires explanations as to why the deviation occurs. Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely distributed nonhuman primate species and the Taihangshan macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) occupies the northern limit of all rhesus macaque natural populations worldwide. We observed one macaque troop (Wangwu-1 [WW-1]) inhabiting Taihangshan Macaque National Nature Reserve and recorded all birth events and the sex of newborn macaques from 2004 to 2013. Our aim was to apply the Trivers-Willard hypothesis to this free-ranging rhesus macaque troop, and to understand the relationship between climatic parameters (precipitation and temperature) and birth sex ratio. We found that the total newborn macaques showed a female-biased sex ratio at birth in the WW-1 troop, but there were no significant biased birth sex ratios in all matriarchs and in high-ranking and middle-ranking matrilineal units. However, the low-ranking macaque matrilineal unit was significantly female-biased. Moreover, we found that the annual precipitation of the previous year was positively associated with the birth sex ratio, and there was an interactive effect of troop size and current winter temperature on the birth sex ratio. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of social and climatic factors on birth sex ratio could be complex, and we discuss several plausible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Tian
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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