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Bjarnason A, Soligo C, Elton S. Phylogeny, Ecology, and Morphological Evolution in the Atelid Cranium. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Di Fiore A, Chaves PB, Cornejo FM, Schmitt CA, Shanee S, Cortés-Ortiz L, Fagundes V, Roos C, Pacheco V. The rise and fall of a genus: Complete mtDNA genomes shed light on the phylogenetic position of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys, Lagothrix flavicauda, and on the evolutionary history of the family Atelidae (Primates: Platyrrhini). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt B:495-510. [PMID: 24751996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using complete mitochondrial genome sequences, we provide the first molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, Lagothrix flavicauda (a.k.a. Oreonax flavicauda), a critically endangered neotropical primate endemic to northern Perú. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys have been debated for many years, but in this study both Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions unequivocally support a monophyletic woolly monkey clade that includes L. flavicauda as the basal taxon within the radiation. Bayesian dating analyses using several alternative calibrations suggest that the divergence of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys from other Lagothrix occurred in the Pleistocene, ∼2.1Ma, roughly 6.5 my after the divergence of woolly monkeys from their sister genus, Brachyteles. Additionally, comparative analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX2) gene shows that genetic distances between yellow-tailed woolly monkeys and other Lagothrix from across the genus' geographic distribution fall well within the range of between-species divergences seen in a large number of other platyrrhine primate genera at the same locus and outside the range of between-genus divergences. Our results thus confirm a position within Lagothrix for the yellow-tailed woolly monkey and strongly suggest that the name Oreonax be formally considered a synonym for this genus. This revision in taxonomic status does not change the dire conservation threats facing the yellow-tailed woolly monkey in Perú, where the remaining wild population is estimated at only ∼10,000 individuals living in a highly fragmented landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, USA; Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Paulo B Chaves
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, USA; Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), USA
| | - Fanny M Cornejo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA; Fundación Yunkawasi, Perú
| | - Christopher A Schmitt
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, USA; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, USA
| | | | | | - Valéria Fagundes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Víctor Pacheco
- Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Mastozoologia, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú
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IURCK MARIAF, NOWAK MATTHEWG, COSTA LENYC, MENDES SÉRGIOL, FORD SUSANM, STRIER KARENB. Feeding and Resting Postures of Wild Northern Muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Am J Primatol 2012; 75:74-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MARIA F. IURCK
- Núcleo de Estudos do Comportamento Animal, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Curitiba,; PR, Brasil
| | - MATTHEW G. NOWAK
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale; Illinois
| | | | | | - SUSAN M. FORD
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale; Illinois
| | - KAREN B. STRIER
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; Wisconsin
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Youlatos D, Meldrum J. Locomotor diversification in new world monkeys: running, climbing, or clawing along evolutionary branches. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2011; 294:1991-2012. [PMID: 22042747 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern platyrrhines exhibit a remarkable diversity of locomotor and postural adaptations, which evolved along multiple trajectories since the initial immigration to the island continent of South America. We trace this diversification by reviewing the available paleontological and neontological data for postcranial morphology and ecological adaptation. Fossil platyrrhines are notably diverse, from the Oligocene Branisella, to the varied Patagonian early Miocene quadurpedal-leaping and quadrupedal-climbing fossils of disputed affinities, on through the rich middle Miocene Colombian quadurpedal-leaping forms. More recent taxa exhibit even more derived positional patterns, from the largest suspensory atelids in Pleistocene Brazil, to the remarkable Antillean radiation with suspensory forms and also semiterrestrial species, with postcranial morphology convergent on some Old World monkeys. Field studies of positional behavior of modern platyrrhines set the framework for a spectrum of locomotor adaptations. Central within this spectrum is a cluster of medium-sized species with generalized locomotion (quadrupedal-leaping). At opposite poles lie the more derived conditions: large-bodied species exhibiting locomotor specializations for climbing-suspension; small-bodied species exhibiting adaptations for claw climbing and leaping. This behavior-based spectrum of locomotor diversification is similarly evident in a morphology-based pattern, that is, that produced by the shape of the talus. The implications of the record of platyrrhine postcranial evolution for the competing hypotheses of platyrrhine phylogenetic patterns, the "long lineage hypothesis" and the "stem platyrrhine hypothesis," are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisios Youlatos
- Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, Greece.
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Osterholz M, Walter L, Roos C. Retropositional events consolidate the branching order among New World monkey genera. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 50:507-13. [PMID: 19135536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to contradicting relationships obtained from various morphological and genetic studies, phylogenetic relationships among New World monkey genera are highly disputed. In the present study, we analyzed the presence/absence pattern of 128 SINE integrations in all New World monkey genera. Among them, 70 were specific for only a single genus, whereas another 18 were present in all New World monkey genera. The 40 remaining insertions were informative to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among genera. Several of them confirmed the monophyly of the three families Cebidae, Atelidae and Pitheciidae as well as of the subfamily Callithrichinae. Further markers provided evidence for a sister grouping of Cebidae and Atelidae to the exclusion of Pitheciidae as well as for relationships among genera belonging to Callithrichinae and Atelidae. Although a close affiliation of Saimiri, Aotus and Cebus to Callithrichinae was shown, the relationships among the three genera remained unresolved due to three contradicting insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Osterholz
- Primate Genetics, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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Matthews LJ, Rosenberger AL. Taxon combinations, parsimony analysis (PAUP*), and the taxonomy of the yellow-tailed woolly monkey,Lagothrix flavicauda. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 137:245-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jones AL. The evolution of brachiation in ateline primates, ancestral character states and history. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 137:123-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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de Lima MMC, Sampaio I, Vieira RDS, Schneider H. Spider monkey, Muriqui and Woolly monkey relationships revisited. Primates 2006; 48:55-63. [PMID: 17006741 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-006-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomic relationships among the four genera of the Atelidae family, Alouatta (Howler), Ateles (Spider), Lagothrix (Woolly) and Brachyteles (Muriqui), have been the subject of great debate. In general, almost all authors agree with the assignment of Howler monkeys as the basal genus, either in its own tribe Alouattini or in the subfamily Alouattinae, but they disagree on the associations among the other members of the family. Muriquis have been grouped with Spider monkeys based on the fact that they share various behavioral and morphological characteristics. Cladistic analyses using morphological, biochemical, karyotype and behavioral characteristics depicted a phylogenetic tree that places Howler as the basal genus and the remaining genera in an unresolved politomy. More recent studies using molecular data have suggested that Muriqui and Woolly monkeys are sister groups. However, a recent study based on nuclear and mtDNA argued that politomy is what best represents the relationships among Spider, Woolly and Muriqui. To contribute to this debate we have added new data from two nuclear genes, Transferrin and von Willebrand Factor, and using an alignment of 17,997 bp we demonstrate that a total analysis strongly supports the Muriqui-Woolly clade. A gene-to-gene approach showed that four of the eight nuclear genes provide support for the Muriqui-Woolly clade, two strongly and two moderately, while none of the eight genes provide support for any alternative arrangement. The mitochondrial genes were not able to resolve the politomy. A possible reason for the difficulty in resolving atelid relationships may be the short period of time separating each cladogenetic event in the evolutionary process that shaped this family.
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Opazo JC, Wildman DE, Prychitko T, Johnson RM, Goodman M. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 40:274-80. [PMID: 16698289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orthologous sequences of six nuclear genes were obtained for all recognized genera of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini) and outgroups to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. All methods resolved with 100% branch support genus-level relationships, except for the grouping of Aotus as a sister taxa of Cebus and Saimiri, which was supported by low bootstrap percentages and posterior probability. All approaches depict three monophyletic New World monkey families: Atelidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae; also within each family, all approaches depict the same branching topology. However, the approaches differ in depicting the relationships of the three families to one another. Maximum parsimony depicts the Atelidae and Cebidae as sister families next joined by the Pitheciidae. Conversely, likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees group families Atelidae and Pitheciidae together to the exclusion of Cebidae. Divergence time estimations using both local molecular clock and Bayesian approaches suggest the families diverged from one another over a short period of geological time in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Opazo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Hartwig W. Implications of Molecular and Morphological Data for Understanding Ateline Phylogeny. INT J PRIMATOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-005-6455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Koppe T, Moormann T, Wallner CP, Röhrer-Ertl O. Extensive enlargement of the maxillary sinus in Alouatta caraya (mammalia, primates, cebidae): an allometric approach to skull pneumatization in Atelinae. J Morphol 2005; 263:238-46. [PMID: 15599931 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the paranasal sinuses of Old World monkeys and hominoids, little information is available about the paranasal sinuses of New World monkeys. Because this information is crucial in order to draw further conclusions about the evolution and biological role of skull pneumatization, this study investigates the morphology of the paranasal sinuses in adult black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). Volumes of the paranasal sinuses were calculated using computer software (SURFdriver or Allegro) from serial coronal CT scans of 20 skulls of both sexes. Skull pneumatization in A. caraya is more complex than in other higher primates. In both sexes, the maxillary sinus (MS) is the only pneumatic cavity and enlarges regularly into neighboring bones such as the frontal bone and the basisphenoid. The resulting pansinus is often partitioned by several vertical septa. As in most external cranial dimensions, mean MS volume of A. caraya (male 4.08 cm(3); female 2.00 cm(3)) shows significant sexual dimorphism. Reduced major axis regression analysis between MS volume and different cranial dimensions for A. caraya (and for available data from other platyrrhines) suggests a distinct association for this group, with Alouatta having one of the largest pneumatic cavities. The combination of this unusual expansion of the MS of Alouatta and the occurrence of distinct septa within the sinus may be a consequence of the distinct skull architecture of Alouatta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koppe
- Institut für Anatomie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strass 23c, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Abstract
Statistical methods for estimating the branching order and the branching dates from DNA sequence data, taking into account of the rate variation among lineages, are reviewed. An application of the methods to data from primates suggests that chimpanzee is the closest relative of man, and further suggests that these two species diverged about 4-5 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hasegawa
- Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo
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