1
|
Homer JA, Koelln RA, Barrow AS, Gialelis TL, Boiarska Z, Steinohrt NS, Lee EF, Yang WH, Johnson RM, Chung T, Habowski AN, Vishwakarma DS, Bhunia D, Avanzi C, Moorhouse AD, Jackson M, Tuveson DA, Lyons SK, Lukey MJ, Fairlie WD, Haider SM, Steinmetz MO, Prota AE, Moses JE. Modular synthesis of functional libraries by accelerated SuFEx click chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3879-3892. [PMID: 38487227 PMCID: PMC10935723 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry (ASCC) is a powerful method for coupling aryl and alkyl alcohols with SuFEx-compatible functional groups. With its hallmark favorable kinetics and exceptional product yields, ASCC streamlines the synthetic workflow, simplifies the purification process, and is ideally suited for discovering functional molecules. We showcase the versatility and practicality of the ASCC reaction as a tool for the late-stage derivatization of bioactive molecules and in the array synthesis of sulfonate-linked, high-potency, microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) that exhibit nanomolar anticancer activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. These findings underscore ASCC's promise as a robust platform for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Rebecca A Koelln
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Andrew S Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Timothy L Gialelis
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Zlata Boiarska
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Nikita S Steinohrt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Taemoon Chung
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Amber N Habowski
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | | | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Adam D Moorhouse
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Shozeb M Haider
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - John E Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanz Cortes M, Corroenne R, Pyarali M, Johnson RM, Whitehead WE, Espinoza J, Donepudi R, Castillo J, Castillo H, Mehollin-Ray AR, Shamshirsaz AA, Nassr AA, Belfort MA. Ambulation after in-utero fetoscopic and open spina bifida repair: predictors for ambulation at 30 months. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38243917 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ambulatory outcomes from children who underwent a new minimally invasive fetal spina bifida surgery approach are included in this study for the first time. Identifying cases with better chances of independent ambulation from fetal life can have an important impact on patient counseling. The objectives of this study were: (1) To compare the ambulatory status of a cohort of children who had a prenatal spina bifida repair using two different methods (fetoscopic and open) with a cohort who underwent postnatal repair; and (2) to identify the best predictors for ambulation. METHODS Retrospective review of a cohort of children who had spina bifida repair from 2011-2023 using prenatal fetoscopic surgery (N=73), prenatal open-hysterotomy surgery (N=37) or postnatal repair (N=51) in a single tertiary hospital. Consecutive sample of cases who underwent a spina bifida repair in utero following MoMs trial criteria and cases who underwent postnatal repair, meeting same criteria, also followed up after birth at the same institution. Motor function (MF) assessment by ultrasound was recorded at initial evaluation (MF1), 6 postoperative weeks or equivalent (MF2) and prior to delivery (MF3). Clinical exams to assess MF at birth and at 12 months were recorded. First sacral myotome (S1) MF was classified as "intact MF". Ambulatory status data at each follow-up visit was collected. The proportion of cases who were able to walk independently were compared between fetoscopic and open prenatal surgeries and between prenatal (by fetoscopic or open surgery) and postnatal spina bifida repair. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for independent ambulation. RESULTS At 30 months, the proportion of independent ambulators was higher in prenatally vs. postnatally repaired cases (51.8% vs.15.7%; p<0.01). No differences in ambulatory outcomes were seen in the comparison between fetoscopic (52%) vs. open (51.3%; p=0.95) prenatal repair. In the prenatal repair group, having an "intact MF" at 12 months [Odds ratio 7.71 (95%CI: 2.77-21.47), p<0.01] and at birth [4.38 (1.53-12.56), p<0.01], predicted significantly being an independent ambulator by 30 months; the anatomical level of lesion below L2 was also predictive for this outcome [3.68(1.33-9.88), p=0.01]. CONCLUSION Ambulatory status by 30 months can be predicted by observing S1 MF postnatally. Results from this study have implications for parental counseling and planning for supportive therapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Corroenne
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Pyarali
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W E Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Donepudi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A R Mehollin-Ray
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A A Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A A Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M A Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanz Cortes M, Johnson RM, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Bedei I, Greenwood L, Nassr AA, Donepudi R, Whitehead W, Belfort M, Mehollin-Ray AR. Perforation of cavum septi pellucidi in open spina bifida and need for hydrocephalus treatment by 1 year of age. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:60-67. [PMID: 37698345 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In-utero repair of an open neural tube defect (ONTD) reduces the risk of developing severe hydrocephalus postnatally. Perforation of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) may reflect increased intraventricular pressure in the fetal brain. We sought to evaluate the association of perforated CSP visualized on fetal imaging before and/or after in-utero ONTD repair with the eventual need for hydrocephalus treatment by 1 year of age. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent laparotomy-assisted fetoscopic ONTD repair between 2014 and 2021 at a single center. Eligibility criteria for surgery were based on those of the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS), although a maternal prepregnancy body mass index of up to 40 kg/m2 was allowed. Fetal brain imaging was performed with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at referral and 6 weeks postoperatively. Stored ultrasound and MRI scans were reviewed retrospectively to assess CSP integrity. Medical records were reviewed to determine whether hydrocephalus treatment was needed within 1 year of age. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used as appropriate to compare outcomes between cases with perforated CSP and those with intact CSP as determined on ultrasound at referral. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the predictive performance of various imaging markers for the need for hydrocephalus treatment. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were included. Perforated CSP was identified in 20.6% and 22.6% of cases on preoperative ultrasound and MRI, respectively, and in 26.6% and 24.2% on postoperative ultrasound and MRI, respectively. Ventricular size increased between referral and after surgery (median, 11.00 (range, 5.89-21.45) mm vs 16.00 (range, 7.00-43.5) mm; P < 0.01), as did the proportion of cases with severe ventriculomegaly (ventricular width ≥ 15 mm) (12.7% vs 57.8%; P < 0.01). Complete CSP evaluation was achieved on preoperative ultrasound in 107 cases, of which 22 had a perforated CSP and 85 had an intact CSP. The perforated-CSP group presented with larger ventricles (mean, 14.32 ± 3.45 mm vs 10.37 ± 2.37 mm; P < 0.01) and a higher rate of severe ventriculomegaly (40.9% vs 5.9%; P < 0.01) compared to those with an intact CSP. The same trends were observed at 6 weeks postoperatively for mean ventricular size (median, 21.0 (range, 13.0-43.5) mm vs 14.3 (range, 7.0-29.0) mm; P < 0.01) and severe ventriculomegaly (95.0% vs 46.8%; P < 0.01). Cases with a perforated CSP at referral had a lower rate of hindbrain herniation (HBH) reversal postoperatively (65.0% vs 88.6%; P = 0.01) and were more likely to require treatment for hydrocephalus (89.5% vs 22.7%; P < 0.01). The strongest predictor of the need for hydrocephalus treatment within 1 year of age was lack of HBH reversal on MRI (odds ratio (OR), 36.20 (95% CI, 5.96-219.12); P < 0.01) followed by perforated CSP on ultrasound at referral (OR, 23.40 (95% CI, 5.42-100.98); P < 0.01) and by perforated CSP at 6-week postoperative ultrasound (OR, 19.48 (95% CI, 5.68-66.68); P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The detection of a perforated CSP in fetuses with ONTD can reliably identify those cases at highest risk for needing hydrocephalus treatment by 1 year of age. Evaluation of this brain structure can improve counseling of families considering fetal surgery for ONTD, in order to set appropriate expectations about postnatal outcome. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Sangi-Haghpeykar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Bedei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Therapy, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - L Greenwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A A Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Donepudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A R Mehollin-Ray
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson RM, Ardanuy J, Hammond H, Logue J, Jackson L, Baracco L, McGrath M, Dillen C, Patel N, Smith G, Frieman M. Diet-induced obesity and diabetes enhance mortality and reduce vaccine efficacy for SARS-CoV-2. J Virol 2023; 97:e0133623. [PMID: 37846985 PMCID: PMC10688338 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a wide spectrum of diseases in the human population, from asymptomatic infections to death. It is important to study the host differences that may alter the pathogenesis of this virus. One clinical finding in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is that people with obesity or diabetes are at increased risk of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used a high-fat diet model in mice to study the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes on SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as how these comorbidities alter the response to vaccination. We find that diabetic/obese mice have increased disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection and they have slower clearance of the virus. We find that the lungs of these mice have increased neutrophils and that removing these neutrophils protects diabetic/obese mice from disease. This demonstrates why these diseases have increased risk of severe disease and suggests specific interventions upon infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Johnson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly Hammond
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Logue
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lian Jackson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa McGrath
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ottonello A, Wyllie JA, Yahiaoui O, Sun S, Koelln RA, Homer JA, Johnson RM, Murray E, Williams P, Bolla JR, Robinson CV, Fallon T, Soares da Costa TP, Moses JE. Shapeshifting bullvalene-linked vancomycin dimers as effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208737120. [PMID: 37011186 PMCID: PMC10104512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208737120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming rise in superbugs that are resistant to drugs of last resort, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci and staphylococci, has become a significant global health hazard. Here, we report the click chemistry synthesis of an unprecedented class of shapeshifting vancomycin dimers (SVDs) that display potent activity against bacteria that are resistant to the parent drug, including the ESKAPE pathogens, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). The shapeshifting modality of the dimers is powered by a triazole-linked bullvalene core, exploiting the dynamic covalent rearrangements of the fluxional carbon cage and creating ligands with the capacity to inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The new shapeshifting antibiotics are not disadvantaged by the common mechanism of vancomycin resistance resulting from the alteration of the C-terminal dipeptide with the corresponding d-Ala-d-Lac depsipeptide. Further, evidence suggests that the shapeshifting ligands destabilize the complex formed between the flippase MurJ and lipid II, implying the potential for a new mode of action for polyvalent glycopeptides. The SVDs show little propensity for acquired resistance by enterococci, suggesting that this new class of shapeshifting antibiotic will display durable antimicrobial activity not prone to rapidly acquired clinical resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ottonello
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC3086, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Wyllie
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC3086, Australia
| | - Oussama Yahiaoui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
| | - Shoujun Sun
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Rebecca A. Koelln
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Joshua A. Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Robert M. Johnson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| | - Ewan Murray
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jani R. Bolla
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3RB, U.K.
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, U.K.
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
| | | | - John E. Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Logue J, Johnson RM, Patel N, Zhou B, Maciejewski S, Foreman B, Zhou H, Portnoff AD, Tian JH, Rehman A, McGrath ME, Haupt RE, Weston SM, Baracco L, Hammond H, Guebre-Xabier M, Dillen C, Madhangi M, Greene AM, Massare MJ, Glenn GM, Smith G, Frieman MB. Immunogenicity and protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1130. [PMID: 36854666 PMCID: PMC9972327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged with elevated transmission and a higher risk of infection for vaccinated individuals. We demonstrate that a recombinant prefusion-stabilized spike (rS) protein vaccine based on Beta/B.1.351 (rS-Beta) produces a robust anamnestic response in baboons against SARS-CoV-2 variants when given as a booster one year after immunization with NVX-CoV2373. Additionally, rS-Beta is highly immunogenic in mice and produces neutralizing antibodies against WA1/2020, Beta/B.1.351, and Omicron/BA.1. Mice vaccinated with two doses of Novavax prototype NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1) or rS-Beta alone, in combination, or heterologous prime-boost, are protected from challenge. Virus titer is undetectable in lungs in all vaccinated mice, and Th1-skewed cellular responses are observed. We tested sera from a panel of variant spike protein vaccines and find broad neutralization and inhibition of spike:ACE2 binding from the rS-Beta and rS-Delta vaccines against a variety of variants including Omicron. This study demonstrates that rS-Beta vaccine alone or in combination with rS-WU1 induces antibody-and cell-mediated responses that are protective against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variants and offers broader neutralizing capacity than a rS-WU1 prime/boost regimen alone. Together, these nonhuman primate and murine data suggest a Beta variant booster dose could elicit a broad immune response to fight new and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Logue
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Bryant Foreman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Jing-Hui Tian
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Asma Rehman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert E Haupt
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Holly Hammond
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 1164, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Carly Dillen
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Madhangi
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ann M Greene
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Greg M Glenn
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sanz Cortes M, Corroenne R, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Orman G, Shetty A, Castillo J, Castillo H, Johnson RM, Shamshirsaz A, Belfort MA, Whitehead W, Meoded A. Association between ambulatory skills and diffusion tensor imaging of corpus callosal white matter in infants with spina bifida. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:657-665. [PMID: 35638229 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess brain white matter using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 1 year of age in infants diagnosed with open neural tube defect (ONTD) and explore the association of DTI parameters with ambulatory skills at 30 months of age. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at an average of 12 months of age and included an echo planar axial DTI sequence with diffusion gradients along 20 non-collinear directions. TORTOISE software was used to correct DTI raw data for motion artifacts, and DtiStudio, DiffeoMap and RoiEditor were used for further postprocessing. DTI data were analyzed in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity. These parameters reflect the integrity and maturation of white-matter motor pathways. At 30 months of age, ambulation status was evaluated by a developmental pediatrician, and infants were classified as ambulatory if they were able to walk independently with or without orthoses or as non-ambulatory if they could not. Linear mixed-effects method was used to examine the association between study outcomes and study group. Possible confounders were sought, and analyses were adjusted for age at MRI scan and ventricular size by including them in the regression model as covariates. RESULTS Twenty patients with ONTD were included in this study, including three cases that underwent postnatal repair and 17 cases that underwent prenatal repair. There were five ambulatory and 15 non-ambulatory infants evaluated at a mean age of 31.5 ± 5.7 months. MRI was performed at 50.3 (2-132.4) weeks postpartum. When DTI analysis results were compared between ambulatory and non-ambulatory infants, significant differences were observed in the corpus callosum (CC). Compared with non-ambulatory infants, ambulatory infants had increased FA in the splenium (0.62 (0.48-0.75) vs 0.41 (0.34-0.49); P = 0.01, adjusted P = 0.02), genu (0.64 (0.47-0.80) vs 0.47 (0.35-0.61); P = 0.03, adjusted P = 0.004) and body (0.55 (0.45-0.65) vs 0.40 (0.35-0.46), P = 0.01, adjusted P = 0.01). Reduced trace was observed in the CC of ambulatory children at the level of the splenium (0.0027 (0.0018-0.0037) vs 0.0039 (0.0034-0.0044) mm2 /s; P = 0.04, adjusted P = 0.03) and genu (0.0029 (0.0020-0.0038) vs 0.0039 (0.0033-0.0045) mm2 /s; P = 0.04, adjusted P = 0.01). In addition, radial diffusivity was reduced in the CC of the ambulatory children at the level of the splenium (0.00057 (0.00025-0.00089) vs 0.0010 (0.00084-0.00120) mm2 /s; P = 0.02, adjusted P = 0.02) and the genu (0.00058 (0.00028-0.00088) vs 0.0010 (0.00085-0.00118) mm2 /s; P = 0.02, adjusted P = 0.02). There were no differences in axial diffusivity between ambulatory and non-ambulatory children. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a significant association between white matter integrity of connecting fibers of the corpus callosum, as assessed by DTI, and ambulatory skills at 30 months of age in infants with ONTD. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Corroenne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Sangi-Haghpeykar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Orman
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M A Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Meoded
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davenport BJ, Catala A, Weston SM, Johnson RM, Ardanuy J, Hammond HL, Dillen C, Frieman MB, Catalano CE, Morrison TE. Phage-like particle vaccines are highly immunogenic and protect against pathogenic coronavirus infection and disease. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:57. [PMID: 35618725 PMCID: PMC9135756 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The response by vaccine developers to the COVID-19 pandemic has been extraordinary with effective vaccines authorized for emergency use in the United States within 1 year of the appearance of the first COVID-19 cases. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and obstacles with the global rollout of new vaccines highlight the need for platforms that are amenable to rapid tuning and stable formulation to facilitate the logistics of vaccine delivery worldwide. We developed a "designer nanoparticle" platform using phage-like particles (PLPs) derived from bacteriophage lambda for a multivalent display of antigens in rigorously defined ratios. Here, we engineered PLPs that display the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein from SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, alone (RBDSARS-PLPs and RBDMERS-PLPs) and in combination (hCoV-RBD PLPs). Functionalized particles possess physiochemical properties compatible with pharmaceutical standards and retain antigenicity. Following primary immunization, BALB/c mice immunized with RBDSARS- or RBDMERS-PLPs display serum RBD-specific IgG endpoint and live virus neutralization titers that, in the case of SARS-CoV-2, were comparable to those detected in convalescent plasma from infected patients. Further, these antibody levels remain elevated up to 6 months post-prime. In dose-response studies, immunization with as little as one microgram of RBDSARS-PLPs elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses. Finally, animals immunized with RBDSARS-PLPs, RBDMERS-PLPs, and hCoV-RBD PLPs were protected against SARS-CoV-2 and/or MERS-CoV lung infection and disease. Collectively, these data suggest that the designer PLP system provides a platform for facile and rapid generation of single and multi-target vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly L Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos E Catalano
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DeGrace MM, Ghedin E, Frieman MB, Krammer F, Grifoni A, Alisoltani A, Alter G, Amara RR, Baric RS, Barouch DH, Bloom JD, Bloyet LM, Bonenfant G, Boon ACM, Boritz EA, Bratt DL, Bricker TL, Brown L, Buchser WJ, Carreño JM, Cohen-Lavi L, Darling TL, Davis-Gardner ME, Dearlove BL, Di H, Dittmann M, Doria-Rose NA, Douek DC, Drosten C, Edara VV, Ellebedy A, Fabrizio TP, Ferrari G, Fischer WM, Florence WC, Fouchier RAM, Franks J, García-Sastre A, Godzik A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Gordon A, Haagmans BL, Halfmann PJ, Ho DD, Holbrook MR, Huang Y, James SL, Jaroszewski L, Jeevan T, Johnson RM, Jones TC, Joshi A, Kawaoka Y, Kercher L, Koopmans MPG, Korber B, Koren E, Koup RA, LeGresley EB, Lemieux JE, Liebeskind MJ, Liu Z, Livingston B, Logue JP, Luo Y, McDermott AB, McElrath MJ, Meliopoulos VA, Menachery VD, Montefiori DC, Mühlemann B, Munster VJ, Munt JE, Nair MS, Netzl A, Niewiadomska AM, O'Dell S, Pekosz A, Perlman S, Pontelli MC, Rockx B, Rolland M, Rothlauf PW, Sacharen S, Scheuermann RH, Schmidt SD, Schotsaert M, Schultz-Cherry S, Seder RA, Sedova M, Sette A, Shabman RS, Shen X, Shi PY, Shukla M, Simon V, Stumpf S, Sullivan NJ, Thackray LB, Theiler J, Thomas PG, Trifkovic S, Türeli S, Turner SA, Vakaki MA, van Bakel H, VanBlargan LA, Vincent LR, Wallace ZS, Wang L, Wang M, Wang P, Wang W, Weaver SC, Webby RJ, Weiss CD, Wentworth DE, Weston SM, Whelan SPJ, Whitener BM, Wilks SH, Xie X, Ying B, Yoon H, Zhou B, Hertz T, Smith DJ, Diamond MS, Post DJ, Suthar MS. Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection. Nature 2022; 605:640-652. [PMID: 35361968 PMCID: PMC9345323 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. To address the public health threat caused by the increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases within the National Institutes of Health established the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) programme. This effort was designed to provide a real-time risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants that could potentially affect the transmission, virulence, and resistance to infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. The SAVE programme is a critical data-generating component of the US Government SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group to assess implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants on diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics, and for communicating public health risk. Here we describe the coordinated approach used to identify and curate data about emerging variants, their impact on immunity and effects on vaccine protection using animal models. We report the development of reagents, methodologies, models and notable findings facilitated by this collaborative approach and identify future challenges. This programme is a template for the response to rapidly evolving pathogens with pandemic potential by monitoring viral evolution in the human population to identify variants that could reduce the effectiveness of countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marciela M DeGrace
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaston Bonenfant
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debbie L Bratt
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- CAMRIS, Contractor for NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Traci L Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liliana Brown
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - William J Buchser
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bethany L Dearlove
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Han Di
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Microbiology Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Venkata-Viswanadh Edara
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas P Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Will M Fischer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - William C Florence
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Godzik
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L James
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Eilay Koren
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Richard A Koup
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric B LeGresley
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mariel J Liebeskind
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James P Logue
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jenny E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sijy O'Dell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marjorie C Pontelli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sinai Sacharen
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Stephen D Schmidt
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayya Sedova
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reed S Shabman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maulik Shukla
- University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Theiler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel A Turner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria A Vakaki
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah R Vincent
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maple Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David E Wentworth
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley M Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Diane J Post
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schultz DC, Johnson RM, Ayyanathan K, Miller J, Whig K, Kamalia B, Dittmar M, Weston S, Hammond HL, Dillen C, Ardanuy J, Taylor L, Lee JS, Li M, Lee E, Shoffler C, Petucci C, Constant S, Ferrer M, Thaiss CA, Frieman MB, Cherry S. Pyrimidine inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogues to block SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2022; 604:134-140. [PMID: 35130559 PMCID: PMC10377386 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 261 million people and has led to more than 5 million deaths in the past year and a half1 ( https://www.who.org/ ). Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection typically develop mild-to-severe flu-like symptoms, whereas infection of a subset of individuals leads to severe-to-fatal clinical outcomes2. Although vaccines have been rapidly developed to combat SARS-CoV-2, there has been a dearth of antiviral therapeutics. There is an urgent need for therapeutics, which has been amplified by the emerging threats of variants that may evade vaccines. Large-scale efforts are underway to identify antiviral drugs. Here we screened approximately 18,000 drugs for antiviral activity using live virus infection in human respiratory cells and validated 122 drugs with antiviral activity and selectivity against SARS-CoV-2. Among these candidates are 16 nucleoside analogues, the largest category of clinically used antivirals. This included the antivirals remdesivir and molnupiravir, which have been approved for use in COVID-19. RNA viruses rely on a high supply of nucleoside triphosphates from the host to efficiently replicate, and we identified a panel of host nucleoside biosynthesis inhibitors as antiviral. Moreover, we found that combining pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors with antiviral nucleoside analogues synergistically inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo against emerging strains of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a clinical path forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kasirajan Ayyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kanupriya Whig
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brinda Kamalia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Dittmar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stuart Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holly L Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Ardanuy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louis Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minghua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Clarissa Shoffler
- Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Petucci
- Metabolomics Core, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nanishi E, Borriello F, O’Meara TR, McGrath ME, Saito Y, Haupt RE, Seo HS, van Haren SD, Cavazzoni CB, Brook B, Barman S, Chen J, Diray-Arce J, Doss-Gollin S, De Leon M, Prevost-Reilly A, Chew K, Menon M, Song K, Xu AZ, Caradonna TM, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Schmidt AG, Sherman AC, Baden LR, Ernst RK, Dillen C, Weston SM, Johnson RM, Hammond HL, Mayer R, Burke A, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Strych U, Chang A, Yu J, Sage PT, Barouch DH, Dhe-Paganon S, Zanoni I, Ozonoff A, Frieman MB, Levy O, Dowling DJ. An aluminum hydroxide:CpG adjuvant enhances protection elicited by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain vaccine in aged mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj5305. [PMID: 34783582 PMCID: PMC10176044 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj5305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global deployment of vaccines that can provide protection across several age groups is still urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on mRNA and adenoviral vector technologies have been rapidly developed, additional practical and scalable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are required to meet global demand. Protein subunit vaccines formulated with appropriate adjuvants represent an approach to address this urgent need. The receptor binding domain (RBD) is a key target of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies but is poorly immunogenic. We therefore compared pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide (AH) and benchmarked them against AS01B and AS03-like emulsion-based adjuvants for their potential to enhance RBD immunogenicity in young and aged mice. We found that an AH and CpG adjuvant formulation (AH:CpG) produced an 80-fold increase in anti-RBD neutralizing antibody titers in both age groups relative to AH alone and protected aged mice from the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies against both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 (beta) variant at serum concentrations comparable to those induced by the licensed Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. AH:CpG induced similar cytokine and chemokine gene enrichment patterns in the draining lymph nodes of both young adult and aged mice and enhanced cytokine and chemokine production in human mononuclear cells of younger and older adults. These data support further development of AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD as an affordable vaccine that may be effective across multiple age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Present address: Generate Biomedicines, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Timothy R. O’Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Marisa E. McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Yoshine Saito
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Robert E. Haupt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Simon D. van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Computing Group, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Simon Doss-Gollin
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Maria De Leon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Alejandra Prevost-Reilly
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Katherine Chew
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Kijun Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Andrew Z. Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | | | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Blake M. Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Amy C. Sherman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Stuart M. Weston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Robert M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Holly L. Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Romana Mayer
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Allen Burke
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Maria E. Bottazzi
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Peter J. Hotez
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21201
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hallowell HA, Higgins KV, Roberts M, Johnson RM, Bayne J, Maxwell HS, Brandebourg T, Hiltbold Schwartz E. Longitudinal Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Obese Mangalica Pig Reveals Alterations in Bacteria and Bacteriophage Populations Associated With Changes in Body Composition and Diet. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698657. [PMID: 34737972 PMCID: PMC8560744 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its immunomodulatory potential, the intestinal microbiota has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of the meta-inflammatory state that drives obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of this link would facilitate the development of targeted treatments and therapies to treat the metabolic complications of obesity. To this end, we validated and utilized a novel swine model of obesity, the Mangalica pig, to characterize changes in the gut microbiota during the development of an obese phenotype, and in response to dietary differences. In the first study, we characterized the metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota in lean and obese adult Mangalica pigs. Obese or lean groups were created by allowing either ad libitum (obese) or restricted (lean) access to a standard diet for 54 weeks. Mature obese pigs were significantly heavier and exhibited 170% greater subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, with no differences in muscle mass compared to their lean counterparts. Obese pigs displayed impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia following oral glucose challenge, indicating that a metabolic phenotype also manifested with changes in body composition. Consistent with observations in human obesity, the gut microbiota of obese pigs displayed altered bacterial composition. In the second study, we characterized the longitudinal changes in the gut microbiota in response to diet and aging in growing Mangalica pigs that were either limit fed a standard diet, allowed ad libitum access to a standard diet, or allowed ad libitum access to a high fat-supplemented diet over an 18-week period. As expected, weight gain was highest in pigs fed the high fat diet compared to ad libitum and limit fed groups. Furthermore, the ad libitum and high fat groups displayed significantly greater adiposity consistent with the development of obesity relative to the limit fed pigs. The intestinal microbiota was generally resilient to differences in dietary intake (limit fed vs ad libitum), though changes in the microbiota of pigs fed the high fat diet mirrored changes observed in mature obese pigs during the first study. This is consistent with the link observed between the microbiota and adiposity. In contrast to intestinal bacterial populations, bacteriophage populations within the gut microbiota responded rapidly to differences in diet, with significant compositional changes in bacteriophage genera observed between the dietary treatment groups as pigs aged. These studies are the first to describe the development of the intestinal microbiota in the Mangalica pig, and are the first to provide evidence that changes in body composition and dietary conditions are associated with changes in the microbiome of this novel porcine model of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Hallowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Keah V Higgins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Morgan Roberts
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jenna Bayne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Herris Stevens Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Terry Brandebourg
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hiltbold Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schultz DC, Johnson RM, Ayyanathan K, Miller J, Whig K, Kamalia B, Dittmar M, Weston S, Hammond HL, Dillen C, Castellana L, Lee JS, Li M, Lee E, Constant S, Ferrer M, Thaiss CA, Frieman MB, Cherry S. Pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors synergize with nucleoside analogs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2021:2021.06.24.449811. [PMID: 34189531 PMCID: PMC8240684 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.24.449811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the dearth of approved drugs to treat viral infections, with only ∼90 FDA approved drugs against human viral pathogens. To identify drugs that can block SARS-CoV-2 replication, extensive drug screening to repurpose approved drugs is underway. Here, we screened ∼18,000 drugs for antiviral activity using live virus infection in human respiratory cells. Dose-response studies validate 122 drugs with antiviral activity and selectivity against SARS-CoV-2. Amongst these drug candidates are 16 nucleoside analogs, the largest category of clinically used antivirals. This included the antiviral Remdesivir approved for use in COVID-19, and the nucleoside Molnupirivir, which is undergoing clinical trials. RNA viruses rely on a high supply of nucleoside triphosphates from the host to efficiently replicate, and we identified a panel of host nucleoside biosynthesis inhibitors as antiviral, and we found that combining pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors with antiviral nucleoside analogs synergistically inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo suggesting a clinical path forward.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nanishi E, Borriello F, O'Meara TR, McGrath ME, Saito Y, Haupt RE, Seo HS, van Haren SD, Brook B, Chen J, Diray-Arce J, Doss-Gollin S, Leon MD, Chew K, Menon M, Song K, Xu AZ, Caradonna TM, Feldman J, Hauser BM, Schmidt AG, Sherman AC, Baden LR, Ernst RK, Dillen C, Weston SM, Johnson RM, Hammond HL, Mayer R, Burke A, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, Strych U, Chang A, Yu J, Barouch DH, Dhe-Paganon S, Zanoni I, Ozonoff A, Frieman MB, Levy O, Dowling DJ. Alum:CpG adjuvant enables SARS-CoV-2 RBD-induced protection in aged mice and synergistic activation of human elder type 1 immunity. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34031655 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.20.444848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Global deployment of vaccines that can provide protection across several age groups is still urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic especially for low- and middle-income countries. While vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on mRNA and adenoviral-vector technologies have been rapidly developed, additional practical and scalable SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are needed to meet global demand. In this context, protein subunit vaccines formulated with appropriate adjuvants represent a promising approach to address this urgent need. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a key target of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) but is poorly immunogenic. We therefore compared pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists, including those activating STING, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9, alone or formulated with aluminum hydroxide (AH), and benchmarked them to AS01B and AS03-like emulsion-based adjuvants for their potential to enhance RBD immunogenicity in young and aged mice. We found that the AH and CpG adjuvant formulation (AH:CpG) demonstrated the highest enhancement of anti-RBD neutralizing Ab titers in both age groups (∼80-fold over AH), and protected aged mice from the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Notably, AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD vaccine elicited neutralizing Abs against both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and B.1.351 variant at serum concentrations comparable to those induced by the authorized mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. AH:CpG induced similar cytokine and chemokine gene enrichment patterns in the draining lymph nodes of both young adult and aged mice and synergistically enhanced cytokine and chemokine production in human young adult and elderly mononuclear cells. These data support further development of AH:CpG-adjuvanted RBD as an affordable vaccine that may be effective across multiple age groups. One Sentence Summary Alum and CpG enhance SARS-CoV-2 RBD protective immunity, variant neutralization in aged mice and Th1-polarizing cytokine production by human elder leukocytes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Johnson RM, Olatunde AC, Woodie LN, Greene MW, Schwartz EH. The Systemic and Cellular Metabolic Phenotype of Infection and Immune Response to Listeria monocytogenes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614697. [PMID: 33628207 PMCID: PMC7897666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that infection and immune response incur significant metabolic demands, yet the respective demands of specific immune responses to live pathogens have not been well delineated. It is also established that upon activation, metabolic pathways undergo shifts at the cellular level. However, most studies exploring these issues at the systemic or cellular level have utilized pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that model sepsis, or model antigens at isolated time points. Thus, the dynamics of pathogenesis and immune response to a live infection remain largely undocumented. To better quantitate the metabolic demands induced by infection, we utilized a live pathogenic infection model. Mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes were monitored longitudinally over the course of infection through clearance. We measured systemic metabolic phenotype, bacterial load, innate and adaptive immune responses, and cellular metabolic pathways. To further delineate the role of adaptive immunity in the metabolic phenotype, we utilized two doses of bacteria, one that induced both sickness behavior and protective (T cell mediated) immunity, and the other protective immunity alone. We determined that the greatest impact to systemic metabolism occurred during the early immune response, which coincided with the greatest shift in innate cellular metabolism. In contrast, during the time of maximal T cell expansion, systemic metabolism returned to resting state. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the timing of maximal metabolic demand overlaps with the innate immune response and that when the adaptive response is maximal, the host has returned to relative metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Adesola C Olatunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Lauren N Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilson BE, White WH, Richard RT, Johnson RM. Population Trends of the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Louisiana Sugarcane. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:1455-1461. [PMID: 33128561 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is the primary pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp., in Louisiana. Spring populations are not considered economically damaging, but quantifying infestations can provide an indication of the spatial and temporal character of the damaging summer populations. Statewide surveys quantified the density of sugarcane tillers killed by D. saccharalis (deadhearts) from sugarcane fields across the state in spring from 2003 to 2020. Deadheart density varied greatly among years with a high of 1,318/ha in 2003 to a low of 0/ha in 2018. Linear regressions of the 3-yr rolling average showed declines in spring D. saccharalis populations and the percentage of acreage treated with insecticides over 17 yr. Weather factors including minimum winter temperatures and average spring temperatures were poor predictors of D. saccharalis populations. Only total precipitation in the month of April was positively correlated with numbers of deadhearts per hectare. Results suggest overwintering mortality is not a key factor influencing populations of the first generation of D. saccharalis in Louisiana. Total precipitation in the month of July was positively associated with percentage of treated acreage. Spring deadheart density was directly related to percentage of acreage treated with insecticides during the summer. Quantifying first-generation D. saccharalis populations by recording deadheart density can aid in predicting pest pressure later in the growing season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Wilson
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Sugarcane Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA
| | - W H White
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| | - R T Richard
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| | - R M Johnson
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Corroenne R, Yepez M, Pyarali M, Johnson RM, Whitehead WE, Castillo HA, Castillo J, Mehollin-Ray AR, Espinoza J, Shamshirsaz AA, Nassr AA, Belfort MA, Cortes MS. Prenatal predictors of motor function in children with open spina bifida: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2020; 128:384-391. [PMID: 32975898 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictors for intact motor function (MF) at birth and at 12 months of life in babies with prenatally versus postnatally repaired open spina bifida (OSB). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Texas Children's Hospital, 2011-2018. POPULATION Patients who underwent either prenatal or postnatal OSB repair. METHODS Prenatal MF of the lower extremities was evaluated by ultrasound following a metameric distribution at the time of diagnosis (US1), 6 weeks postoperatively (or 6 weeks after initial evaluation in postnatally repaired cases) (US2) and at the last ultrasound before delivery (US3). At birth and at 12 months, MF was assessed clinically. Intact MF (S1) was defined as the observation of plantar flexion of the ankle. Results from logistic regression analysis are expressed as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, P values). RESULTS A total of 127 patients were included: 93 with prenatal repair (51 fetoscopic; 42 open hysterotomy repair) and 34 with postnatal repair. In the prenatal repair group, predictors for intact MF at birth and at 12 months included: absence of clubfeet (OR 11.3, 95% CI 3.2-39.1, P < 0.01; OR 10.8 95% CI 2.4-47.6, P < 0.01); intact MF at US1 (OR 19.7, 95% CI 5.0-76.9, P < 0.01; OR 8.7, 95% CI 2.0-38.7, P < 0.01); intact MF at US2 (OR 22, 95% CI 6.5-74.2, P < 0.01; OR 13.5, 95% 3.0-61.4, P < 0.01); intact MF at US3 (OR 13.7, 95% CI 3.4-55.9, P < 0.01; OR 12.6, 95% CI 2.5-64.3, P < 0.01); and having a flat lesion (OR 11.2, 95% CI 2.4-51.1, P < 0.01; OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-16.5, P = 0.04). In the postnatal repair group, the only predictor of intact MF at 12 months was having intact MF at birth (OR 15.2, 95% CI 2.0-113.3, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The detection of intact MF in utero from mid-gestation to delivery predicts intact MF at birth and at 12 months in babies who undergo prenatal OSB repair. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Detection of intact motor function in utero predicts intact motor function at birth and at 1 year in fetuses who undergo prenatal OSB repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Corroenne
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Yepez
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Pyarali
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W E Whitehead
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H A Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A R Mehollin-Ray
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A A Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A A Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M A Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M S Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zaidi AU, Buck S, Gadgeel M, Herrera-Martinez M, Mohan A, Johnson K, Bagla S, Johnson RM, Ravindranath Y. Clinical Diagnosis of Red Cell Membrane Disorders: Comparison of Osmotic Gradient Ektacytometry and Eosin Maleimide (EMA) Fluorescence Test for Red Cell Band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) Content for Clinical Diagnosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:636. [PMID: 32636758 PMCID: PMC7318840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of band 3 (AE1, SLC4A1, CD233) content of red cells by eosin-5- maleimide (EMA) staining is swiftly replacing conventional osmotic fragility (OF) test as a tool for laboratory confirmation of hereditary spherocytosis across the globe. Our group has systematically evaluated the EMA test as a method to screen for a variety of anemias in the last 10 years, and compared these results to those obtained with the osmotic gradient ektacytometry (osmoscans) which we have used over three decades. Our overall experience allowed us to characterize the distinctive patterns with the two tests in several congenital erythrocyte membrane disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis (HS), hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) variants, erythrocyte volume disorders, various red cell enzymopathies, and hemoglobinopathies. A crucial difference between the two methodologies is that osmoscans measure red blood cell deformability of the entire sample of RBCs, while the EMA test examines the band 3 content of individual RBCs. EMA content is influenced by cell size as smaller red cells have lower amount of total membrane than larger cells. The SAO mutation alters the EMA binding site resulting in a lower EMA MCF even as the band 3 content itself is unchanged. Thus, EMA scan results should be interpreted with caution and both the histograms and dot plots should be analyzed in the context of the clinical picture and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Buck
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Manisha Gadgeel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Araathi Mohan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kenya Johnson
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shruti Bagla
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson BE, Beuzelin JM, Richard RT, Johnson RM, Gravois KA, White WH. West Indian Canefly (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): An Emerging Pest of Louisiana Sugarcane. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:263-272. [PMID: 31751463 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a sporadic pest of sugarcane in Louisiana which has recently emerged as a more consistent threat with outbreaks occurring in 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2019. Surveys of commercial fields in 2016 revealed that S. saccharivora infestations were present throughout Louisiana sugarcane and populations peaked in mid-June before declining. High minimum winter temperatures are generally associated with S. saccharivora outbreaks. Six insecticide evaluations demonstrated effective control with several insecticides including λ-cyhalothrin, flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid. In five of the six insecticide trials, S. saccharivora infestations had substantially declined by 21 d after treatment. Effects of insecticidal control of S. saccharivora on sugar yields were detected in one of four small plot trials in which yield data were collected. Linear regression revealed S. saccharivora cumulative insect days in a grid sampling study were inversely associated with sugar yields. Results from these collective experiments suggest impacts on sugar yields are influenced by pest density and infestation duration. Differences were detected in numbers of S. saccharivora nymphs and adults as well as sooty mold coverage among commercial sugarcane cultivars with more than twofold increases in the most susceptible compared to resistant cultivars. The research presented herein documents the impact of S. saccharivora to Louisiana sugarcane and provides important ground work for developing effective pest management strategies. Future research efforts should aim to identify ecological factors influencing population dynamics, varietal preferences, and economic thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Wilson
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Sugarcane Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA
| | - J M Beuzelin
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL
| | - R T Richard
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| | - R M Johnson
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| | - K A Gravois
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Sugarcane Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA
| | - W H White
- USDA, ARS Sugarcane Research Laboratory, Houma, LA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Abstract
A method of analyzing corn for aflatoxin was developed by assaying only the broken corn, foreign material, and chaff (dockage). Only 1 out of 21 commercial ground corn samples to which corn containing aflatoxin was added gave positive results for aflatoxin. On the other hand, all “Dockage” portions sieved from these same samples gave positive results. The procedure consists of streaking corn extracts on preparative coated sheets for cleanup, separation, and identification. If quantitative results are desired, fluorescent areas are collected and spotted on TLC plates for identification under UV light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 20705
| | - Walter T Greenaway
- Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 20705
| | - William P Dolan
- Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. 20705
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yuan Y, Yost SE, Chang CW, Yoh KE, Johnson RM, Schmolze D, Liang J, Hutchinson KE. Abstract PD5-07: Comprehensive profiling of poor-risk paired primary and recurrent triple-negative breast cancers reveals immune phenotype shifts. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd5-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Prognosis for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients remains poor, due in part to the lack of effective targeted therapies in the advanced setting. Emerging clinical data indicates reduced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in heavily pre-treated TNBC, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To better understand the immune phenotypic evolution of paired TNBCs, we studied the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of tumors from patients undergoing treatment for TNBC.
Methods: We analyzed primary and recurrent TNBCs from 55 poor-risk patients, including 44 paired primary-metastatic samples and 11 paired metastatic tumors. FoundationOne® and RNAseq was successful on 89 specimens and 97 specimens, respectively. In addition to somatic alterations, FoundationOne® provided tumor mutational burden (TMB). From RNAseq, we ascertained the TNBC molecular subtypes, and the mRNA expression of immune-related genes. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (stromal TILs), recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were also studied.
Results: From FoundationOne® sequencing, a mutational landscape typical of TNBCs was observed across both primary and recurrent disease specimens, with TP53 mutated in 82.0% of specimens, and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated in 4.5% and 16.9% of specimens, respectively. Sample profiles revealed minimal shifts in copy number alterations and TMB over time, however, notable TNBC subtype shifts were observed between primary and recurrent tumors. These included an increase in the Lehmann/Pietenpol-defined basal-like 1 phenotype (BL1, 12.8% to 20.9%), an increase in the mesenchymal phenotype (M, 12.8% to 20.9%), and a significant decrease in the immunomodulatory phenotype (IM, 27.1% to 2.3%). Similarly, tumors exhibited a downward shift in gene expression delineating the Burstein-defined basal-like immune-activated phenotype (BLIA, 37.0% to 14.3%). Composite expression of immunomodulatory gene signatures representative of Th1/Th2 responses, IFNg-related inflammation, M1/M2 macrophage activation and suppression, etc., was decreased in the recurrent tumors compared to the primaries (p = 0.01), and histopathology-derived percent stromal TILs were significantly decreased in the recurrent TNBCs (p = 0.02). However, higher stromal TILs (≥30%) were not associated with improved overall survival when measured in primary specimens (p = 0.15), or with the time from relapse to death when measured in recurrent specimens (p = 0.65) in this cohort of immunotherapy-naïve patients.
Conclusion: In this retrospective study of paired TNBCs, significant transcriptomic phenotype shifts were observed as patients progressed, while only minor genomic shifts were seen. Selective immune profiling showed significantly reduced TILs and immune-activating gene expression signatures in recurrent TNBCs, which may explain the lack of efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in heavily pretreated TNBCs. Further studies are ongoing to understand the proteomic landscape shifts in TNBCs over time and to identify novel targeted agents appropriate for recurrent disease.
Citation Format: Yuan Y, Yost SE, Chang C-W, Yoh KE, Johnson RM, Schmolze D, Liang J, Hutchinson KE. Comprehensive profiling of poor-risk paired primary and recurrent triple-negative breast cancers reveals immune phenotype shifts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD5-07.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yuan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - SE Yost
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - C-W Chang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - KE Yoh
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - RM Johnson
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - D Schmolze
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - J Liang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - KE Hutchinson
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Poffenberger MC, Metcalfe-Roach A, Aguilar E, Chen J, Hsu BE, Wong AH, Johnson RM, Flynn B, Samborska B, Ma EH, Gravel SP, Tonelli L, Devorkin L, Kim P, Hall A, Izreig S, Loginicheva E, Beauchemin N, Siegel PM, Artyomov MN, Lum JJ, Zogopoulos G, Blagih J, Jones RG. LKB1 deficiency in T cells promotes the development of gastrointestinal polyposis. Science 2018; 361:406-411. [PMID: 30049881 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in STK11, which encodes the tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1), promote Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of gastrointestinal (GI) polyps. Here, we report that heterozygous deletion of Stk11 in T cells (LThet mice) is sufficient to promote GI polyposis. Polyps from LThet mice, Stk11+/- mice, and human PJS patients display hallmarks of chronic inflammation, marked by inflammatory immune-cell infiltration, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, and increased expression of inflammatory factors associated with cancer progression [interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-11, and CXCL2]. Targeting either T cells, IL-6, or STAT3 signaling reduced polyp growth in Stk11+/- animals. Our results identify LKB1-mediated inflammation as a tissue-extrinsic regulator of intestinal polyposis in PJS, suggesting possible therapeutic approaches by targeting deregulated inflammation in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Poffenberger
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - A Metcalfe-Roach
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - E Aguilar
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - J Chen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - B E Hsu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - A H Wong
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - R M Johnson
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Genentech, 1 DNA Way South, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - B Flynn
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - B Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - E H Ma
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - S-P Gravel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Tonelli
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - L Devorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - P Kim
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - A Hall
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - S Izreig
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - E Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - N Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - P M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - M N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - G Zogopoulos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - J Blagih
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - R G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kulik MM, Johnson RM. Feasibility of Characterizing Spore Color in Aspergilli by Reflectance Spectrophotometry. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1969.12018843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin M. Kulik
- Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Robert M. Johnson
- Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perry TL, Kranker LM, Curry EE, Johnson RM, Mobley-Smith E. 353 Improving Outcomes in Fournier’s Gangrene Using Skin and Soft Tissue Sparing Flap Preservation Surgery: An Alternative Approach to Wide Radical Debridement. J Burn Care Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry006.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Perry
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Wright State University Boonshoft SOM, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH
| | - L M Kranker
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Wright State University Boonshoft SOM, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH
| | - E E Curry
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Wright State University Boonshoft SOM, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH
| | - R M Johnson
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Wright State University Boonshoft SOM, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH
| | - E Mobley-Smith
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH; Wright State University Boonshoft SOM, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, OH
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gruosso T, Gigoux M, Bertos N, Manem VS, Zuo D, Saleg SM, Souleimanova M, Zhao H, Johnson RM, Monette A, Muñoz Ramos V, Hallett MT, Stagg J, Lapointe R, Omeroglu A, Meterissian S, Buisseret L, Van den Eyden G, Salgado R, Guiot MC, Haibe-Kains B, Park M. Abstract PD6-05: Distinct tumor microenvironments stratify triple negative breast cancer into immune subtypes. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-pd6-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are especially difficult to treat effectively. While only 20-30% of TNBC patients respond to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, overall outcome remains poor for non-responding patients. Engaging the immune system promises optimal personalized cancer therapy as mounting evidence suggests that immune-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies may become a therapeutic option for TNBC patients. The presence of CD8+ T cells, a crucial component of the cytotoxic arm of the adaptive immune response, is associated with good clinical outcome in TNBC patients. Specifically, it is the efficient CD8+ T cell invasion and infiltration in the tumor that is associated with good outcome. On the other hand, some tumors accumulate CD8+ T cells in the tumor-associated stroma with poor infiltration in the tumor epithelium. These patients show poor outcome. As CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor is a crucial step to mount an efficient anti-tumor response, we thus wondered how the tumor microenvironment affects CD8+ T cell invasion into the tumor epithelial compartment of the TNBC tumors.
Methods:
To identify potential stroma-dependent mechanisms that potentiate or inhibit CD8+ T cells invasion into the tumor epithelium, we coupled analysis of spatial patterns of CD8+ T cell localization by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) andperformed gene expression profiling of laser-capture microdissected tumor-associated stroma (as well as matched epithelium and bulk tumor) from 38 TNBC chemotherapy-naive primary cases. GSEA-based Metasignatures were derived from bulk tumor gene expression data from our cohort. To investigate the compartment of origin of the pathways identified via the Metasignatures, the (LCM)-derived tumor stromal and epithelial gene expression were analyzed.
Results:
CD8+ T cell quantification in different compartments of the tumor identify 3 main subgroups of TNBC based on CD8+ T cell localization. Importantly we developed a 2-step classification scheme based on CD8+ T cell localization. We developed metasignatures following our 2 steps classification and identified key bulk tumor metasignatures that showed prognostic value in an independent cohort. In addition the matched LCM gene expression from the tumor epithelium and stromal compartments allowed us to identify the compartment of origin.
Importantly, while 1 group of TNBC tumor was showing a significant anti-tumor response, the 2 other groups showed absence of such environment. The 2 non inflamed immune subtypes showed distinct phenotypes and biologies associated with poor anti-tumor response that we validated by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence. These results highlight different potential mecanisms that lead to immune evasion and allow us to stratify TNBC into immune subgroups.
Citation Format: Gruosso T, Gigoux M, Bertos N, Manem VS, Zuo D, Saleg SM, Souleimanova M, Zhao H, Johnson RM, Monette A, Muñoz Ramos V, Hallett MT, Stagg J, Lapointe R, Omeroglu A, Meterissian S, Buisseret L, Van den Eyden G, Salgado R, Guiot M-C, Haibe-Kains B, Park M. Distinct tumor microenvironments stratify triple negative breast cancer into immune subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD6-05.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gruosso
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Gigoux
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Bertos
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - VS Manem
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Zuo
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - SM Saleg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Souleimanova
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Zhao
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - RM Johnson
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Monette
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Muñoz Ramos
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - MT Hallett
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Stagg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Lapointe
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Omeroglu
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Meterissian
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Buisseret
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van den Eyden
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Salgado
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M-C Guiot
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Haibe-Kains
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 7Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Professor of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kalick SM, Zebrowitz LA, Langlois JH, Johnson RM. Does Human Facial Attractiveness Honestly Advertise Health? Longitudinal Data on an Evolutionary Question. Psychol Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the evolutionary conjecture that sexually selected traits function as indicators of pathogen resistance in animals and humans, we examined the notion that human facial attractiveness provides evidence of health. Using photos of 164 males and 169 females in late adolescence and health data on these individuals in adolescence, middle adulthood, and later adulthood, we found that adolescent facial attractiveness was unrelated to adolescent health for either males or females, and was not predictive of health at the later times. We also asked raters to guess the health of each stimulus person from his or her photo. Relatively attractive stimulus persons were mistakenly rated as healthier than their peers. The correlation between perceived health and medically assessed health increased when attractiveness was statistically controlled, which implies that attractiveness suppressed the accurate recognition of health. These findings may have important implications for evolutionary models.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bhuvaneshwar K, Belouali A, Singh V, Johnson RM, Song L, Alaoui A, Harris MA, Clarke R, Weiner LM, Gusev Y, Madhavan S. G-DOC Plus - an integrative bioinformatics platform for precision medicine. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:193. [PMID: 27130330 PMCID: PMC4851789 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-DOC Plus is a data integration and bioinformatics platform that uses cloud computing and other advanced computational tools to handle a variety of biomedical BIG DATA including gene expression arrays, NGS and medical images so that they can be analyzed in the full context of other omics and clinical information. RESULTS G-DOC Plus currently holds data from over 10,000 patients selected from private and public resources including Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the recently added datasets from REpository for Molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa (REMBRANDT), caArray studies of lung and colon cancer, ImmPort and the 1000 genomes data sets. The system allows researchers to explore clinical-omic data one sample at a time, as a cohort of samples; or at the level of population, providing the user with a comprehensive view of the data. G-DOC Plus tools have been leveraged in cancer and non-cancer studies for hypothesis generation and validation; biomarker discovery and multi-omics analysis, to explore somatic mutations and cancer MRI images; as well as for training and graduate education in bioinformatics, data and computational sciences. Several of these use cases are described in this paper to demonstrate its multifaceted usability. CONCLUSION G-DOC Plus can be used to support a variety of user groups in multiple domains to enable hypothesis generation for precision medicine research. The long-term vision of G-DOC Plus is to extend this translational bioinformatics platform to stay current with emerging omics technologies and analysis methods to continue supporting novel hypothesis generation, analysis and validation for integrative biomedical research. By integrating several aspects of the disease and exposing various data elements, such as outpatient lab workup, pathology, radiology, current treatments, molecular signatures and expected outcomes over a web interface, G-DOC Plus will continue to strengthen precision medicine research. G-DOC Plus is available at: https://gdoc.georgetown.edu .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Anas Belouali
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Varun Singh
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Robert M. Johnson
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lei Song
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Adil Alaoui
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Michael A. Harris
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- />Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Louis M. Weiner
- />Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
- />Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Subha Madhavan
- />Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
- />Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bhuvaneshwar K, Belouali A, Singh V, Johnson RM, Song L, Alaoui A, Harris M, Gusev Y, Clarke R, Madhavan S. Abstract B1-44: G-DOC Plus: A cloud based next-generation systems medicine platform for precision medicine. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.compsysbio-b1-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Systems medicine leverages complex computational tools and high dimensional data offering the potential for effective individualized diagnosis, prognosis and treatment options. Our flagship web platform, the Georgetown Database of Cancer (G-DOC), was deployed with the goal of enabling translational research by integrating patient characteristics and clinical outcome data with a variety of high-throughput research data in a unified environment. With the goal of improving health outcomes through genomics research, we present G-DOC Plus, our enhanced web platform offering precision medicine, translational research and population genetics workflows. This enhanced platform takes advantage of cloud computing to handle next generation sequencing (NGS) data so that they can be analyzed in the full context of other omics and clinical information.
G-DOC Plus uses cloud computing and other advanced computational tools to enable analysis of NGS and medical images in the full context of other omics and clinical information. It allows translational science researchers to explore data one sample at a time, as a sub-cohort of samples; or as a population as a whole, providing the user with a comprehensive view of the data. G-DOC Plus tools have been leveraged in cancer to support detection of prognostic markers for relapse in colorectal cancer samples, and to detect key metabolites related to disease severity; hypothesis generation; biomarker detection and multi-omic analysis, in-silico and population genetics analysis; and to explore somatic mutation and breast cancer MRI images. The long-term vision of G-DOC Plus is to extend this systems medicine platform to hospital networks to provide clinical decision support using multi-omics and relevant clinical information to support personalized patient care. G-DOC Plus was released in October 2014, and is available at: https://gdoc.georgetown.edu.
Citation Format: Krithika Bhuvaneshwar, Anas Belouali, Varun Singh, Robert M. Johnson, Lei Song, Adil Alaoui, Michael Harris, Yuriy Gusev, Robert Clarke, Subha Madhavan. G-DOC Plus: A cloud based next-generation systems medicine platform for precision medicine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-44.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lei Song
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Evrony GD, Lee E, Mehta BK, Benjamini Y, Johnson RM, Cai X, Yang L, Haseley P, Lehmann HS, Park PJ, Walsh CA. Cell lineage analysis in human brain using endogenous retroelements. Neuron 2015; 85:49-59. [PMID: 25569347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations occur during brain development and are increasingly implicated as a cause of neurogenetic disease. However, the patterns in which somatic mutations distribute in the human brain are unknown. We used high-coverage whole-genome sequencing of single neurons from a normal individual to identify spontaneous somatic mutations as clonal marks to track cell lineages in human brain. Somatic mutation analyses in >30 locations throughout the nervous system identified multiple lineages and sublineages of cells marked by different LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition events and subsequent mutation of poly-A microsatellites within L1. One clone contained thousands of cells limited to the left middle frontal gyrus, whereas a second distinct clone contained millions of cells distributed over the entire left hemisphere. These patterns mirror known somatic mutation disorders of brain development and suggest that focally distributed mutations are also prevalent in normal brains. Single-cell analysis of somatic mutation enables tracing of cell lineage clones in human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad D Evrony
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bhaven K Mehta
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuval Benjamini
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- NIH NeuroBioBank, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuyu Cai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Psalm Haseley
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hillel S Lehmann
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) can routinely travel as far as several kilometers from their hive in the process of collecting nectar and pollen from floral patches within the surrounding landscape. Since the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale is a function of landscape composition, apiculturists have long recognized that landscape composition is a critical determinant of honey bee colony success. Nevertheless, very few studies present quantitative data relating colony success metrics to local landscape composition. We employed a beekeeper survey in conjunction with GIS-based landscape analysis to model colony success as a function of landscape composition in the State of Ohio, USA, a region characterized by intensive cropland, urban development, deciduous forest, and grassland. We found that colony food accumulation and wax production were positively related to cropland and negatively related to forest and grassland, a pattern that may be driven by the abundance of dandelion and clovers in agricultural areas compared to forest or mature grassland. Colony food accumulation was also negatively correlated with urban land cover in sites dominated by urban and agricultural land use, which does not support the popular opinion that the urban environment is more favorable to honey bees than cropland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Sponsler
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University , Wooster, OH , USA
| | - R M Johnson
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University , Wooster, OH , USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Johnson RM, Rao S, Singh V, Kasturirangan P, Shad AT, Tercyak K, Harris MA, Madhavan S. Extracting predictor variables for late effects of childhood cancer treatments from clinical notes. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shruti Rao
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Varun Singh
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Priya Kasturirangan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Washington, DC
| | | | - Kenneth Tercyak
- MGUH Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center (LCCC) Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Washington, D.C., DC
| | - Michael A. Harris
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Johnson RM. S12.4 Chlamydia Trachomatis. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
Numerical taxonomy was done on 208 strains of marine bacteria. The collection was segregated into eight groups, seven of which contained Vibrio sp. Nucleic acid base ratio studies on a typical Vibrio sp. from each group and other genera were done. The phenotypically different Vibrio sp. had a narrow range of base ratios. The other genera had base ratios more similar to the base ratios reported for their genus than to each other as marine bacteria. The taxonomic groups are compared with generic classification and the strains' sources of isolations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Botany Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnson RM, Ho YS, Yu DY, Kuypers FA, Ravindranath Y, Goyette GW. The effects of disruption of genes for peroxiredoxin-2, glutathione peroxidase-1, and catalase on erythrocyte oxidative metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:519-25. [PMID: 19969073 PMCID: PMC2818700 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), a potent peroxide reductant, is the third most abundant protein in the erythrocyte and might be expected to play a major role in the cell's oxidative defenses. However, in this study, experiments with erythrocytes from mice with a disrupted Prdx2 gene found that the cells were not more sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) or organic peroxides than wild type. Intraerythrocytic H(2)O(2) was increased, however, indicating an important role for Prdx2 in detoxifying endogenously generated H(2)O(2). These results are consistent with proposals that red cell Prdx2 acts stoichiometrically, not catalytically, in reducing peroxides. Additional experiments with mice with disrupted catalase or glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) genes showed that Gpx1 is the only erythrocyte enzyme that reduces organic peroxides. Catalase(-/-) cells were readily oxidized by exogenous H(2)O(2). Cells lacking both catalase and Gpx1 were more sensitive to exogenous H(2)O(2) than cells lacking only catalase. A kinetic model proposed earlier to rationalize results with Gpx1(-/-) erythrocytes also fits the data with Prdx2(-/-) cells and indicates that although Gpx1 and Prdx2 both participate in removing endogenous H(2)O(2), Prdx2 plays a larger role. Although the rate of H(2)O(2) production in the red cell is quite low, Prdx2-deficient mice are anemic, suggesting an important role in erythropoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oakeshott JG, Johnson RM, Berenbaum MR, Ranson H, Cristino AS, Claudianos C. Metabolic enzymes associated with xenobiotic and chemosensory responses in Nasonia vitripennis. Insect Mol Biol 2010; 19 Suppl 1:147-163. [PMID: 20167025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The numbers of glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 and esterase genes in the genome of the hymenopteran parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis are about twice those found in the genome of another hymenopteran, the honeybee Apis mellifera. Some of the difference is associated with clades of these families implicated in xenobiotic resistance in other insects and some is in clades implicated in hormone and pheromone metabolism. The data support the hypothesis that the eusocial behaviour of the honeybee and the concomitant homeostasis of the nest environment may obviate the need for as many gene/enzyme systems associated with xenobiotic metabolism as are found in other species, including N. vitripennis, that are thought to encounter a wider range of potentially toxic xenobiotics in their diet and habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Oakeshott
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Entomology, Acton, ACT, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rhoads RP, Johnson RM, Rathbone CR, Liu X, Temm-Grove C, Sheehan SM, Hoying JB, Allen RE. Satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis in vitro coincides with a functional hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C1321-8. [PMID: 19386789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00391.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Muscle regeneration involves the coordination of myogenesis and revascularization to restore proper muscle function. Myogenesis is driven by resident stem cells termed satellite cells (SC), whereas angiogenesis arises from endothelial cells and perivascular cells of preexisting vascular segments and the collateral vasculature. Communication between myogenic and angiogenic cells seems plausible, especially given the number of growth factors produced by SC. To characterize these interactions, we developed an in vitro coculture model composed of rat skeletal muscle SC and microvascular fragments (MVF). In this system, isolated epididymal MVF suspended in collagen gel are cultured over a rat SC monolayer culture. In the presence of SC, MVF exhibit greater indices of angiogenesis than MVF cultured alone. A positive dose-dependent effect of SC conditioned medium (CM) on MVF growth was observed, suggesting that SC secrete soluble-acting growth factor(s). Next, we specifically blocked VEGF action in SC CM, and this was sufficient to abolish satellite cell-induced angiogenesis. Finally, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a transcriptional regulator of VEGF gene expression, was found to be expressed in cultured SC and in putative SC in sections of in vivo stretch-injured rat muscle. Hypoxic culture conditions increased SC HIF-1alpha activity, which was positively associated with SC VEGF gene expression and protein levels. Collectively, these initial observations suggest that a heretofore unexplored aspect of satellite cell physiology is the initiation of a proangiogenic program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Rhoads
- Muscle Biology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Meltzer TH, Livingston RC, Madsen RE, Jornitz MW, Johnson RM, Mittelman MW. Reverse osmosis as a means of water for injection production: a response to the position of the European Medicines Agency. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2009; 63:1-7. [PMID: 19455937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T H Meltzer
- Capitola Consultancy, 8103 Hampden Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bohle GC, Mitcherling WW, Mitcherling JJ, Johnson RM, Bohle III GC. Immediate Obturator Stabilization Using Mini Dental Implants. J Prosthodont 2008; 17:482-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00321.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
40
|
Johnson RM, Runyan CW, Coyne-Beasley T, Lewis MA, Bowling JM. Storage of household firearms: an examination of the attitudes and beliefs of married women with children. Health Educ Res 2008; 23:592-602. [PMID: 17890758 PMCID: PMC2733798 DOI: 10.1093/her/cym049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although safe firearm storage is a promising injury prevention strategy, many parents do not keep their firearms unloaded and locked up. Using the theory of planned behavior as a guiding conceptual framework, this study examines factors associated with safe storage among married women with children and who have firearms in their homes. Data come from a national telephone survey (n=185). We examined beliefs about defensive firearm use, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and firearm storage practices. A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was conducted to assess associations between psychosocial factors and firearm storage practices. Women were highly motivated to keep firearms stored safely. Those reporting safe storage practices had more favorable attitudes, more supportive subjective norms and higher perceptions of behavioral control than those without safe storage. One-fourth believed a firearm would prevent a family member from being hurt in case of a break-in, 58% believed a firearm could scare off a burglar. Some 63% said they leave decisions about firearm storage to their husbands. Women were highly motivated to store firearms safely as evidenced by favorable attitudes, supportive subjective norms and high perceptions of behavioral control. This was especially true for those reporting safer storage practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Johnson RM, Ristig MB, Overton ET, Lisker-Melman M, Cummings OW, Aberg JA. Safety and tolerability of sequential pegylated IFN-alpha2a and tenofovir for hepatitis B infection in HIV(+) individuals. HIV Clin Trials 2007; 8:173-81. [PMID: 17621464 DOI: 10.1310/hct0803-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV co-infected patients. The standard of care for treating HCV co-infection has been guided by major clinical trials, but the treatment of HBV co-infection has not been as thoroughly studied and the standard of care remains largely untested. The single pill formulation of tenofovir with emtricitabine has become a standard treatment approach in HBV co-infected patients. WU114 was a phase 1 clinical trial that examined the safety and tolerability of sequential treatment of HBV with pegylated interferon-alpha2a plus delayed-initiation tenofovir in HIV co-infected individuals. We postulated that initial HBV viral load reduction with pegylated interferon prior to initiation of nucleoside/nucleotide therapy would increase seroconversion events and durability of HBV virologic suppression. No severe pegylated IFN-alpha2a drug toxicities were seen in either the monotherapy or delayed tenofovir arms. Sequential pegylated interferon and tenofovir-based therapy was tolerable and should be compared with dual nucleoside/nucleotide suppression to determine relative frequencies of seroconversion and durability of HBV suppression in co-infected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson RM, Shrimpton JM, Cho GK, Heath DD. Dosage effects on heritability and maternal effects in diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 98:303-10. [PMID: 17301740 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced triploidy (3N) in salmon results from a blockage of maternal meiosis II, and hence provides a unique opportunity to study dosage effects on phenotypic variance. Chinook salmon families were bred using a paternal half-sib breeding design (62 females and 31 males) and half of each resulting family was treated to induce triploidy. The paired families were used to test for dosage effects (resulting from triploidy) on (1) the distribution and magnitude of phenotypic variation, (2) narrow-sense heritability and (3) maternal effects in fitness-related traits (i.e., survival, size-at-age, relative growth rate and serum lysozyme activity). Quantitative genetic analyses were performed separately for diploid and triploid family groups. Triploidization resulted in significantly higher levels of phenotypic variance and substantial differences in patterns of variance distribution for growth and survival-related traits, although the patterns were reversed for lysozyme activity. Triploids exhibited higher narrow sense heritability values relative to diploid Chinook salmon. However, maternal effects estimates were generally lower in triploids than in diploids. Thus, the dosage effects resulting from adding an extra set of chromosomes to the Chinook salmon genome are primarily additive. Somewhat counterintuitively, however, the relative magnitude of the combined effects of dominance, epistasis and maternal effects is not affected by dosage. Our results indicate that inheritance of fitness-related quantitative traits is profoundly affected by dosage effects associated with induced triploidy, and that triploidization can result in unpredictable performance and fitness outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Ecosystem Science and Management (Biology) Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Claudianos C, Ranson H, Johnson RM, Biswas S, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR, Feyereisen R, Oakeshott JG. A deficit of detoxification enzymes: pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee. Insect Mol Biol 2006; 15:615-36. [PMID: 17069637 PMCID: PMC1761136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee genome has substantially fewer protein coding genes ( approximately 11 000 genes) than Drosophila melanogaster ( approximately 13 500) and Anopheles gambiae ( approximately 14 000). Some of the most marked differences occur in three superfamilies encoding xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes. Specifically there are only about half as many glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) in the honeybee. This includes 10-fold or greater shortfalls in the numbers of Delta and Epsilon GSTs and CYP4 P450s, members of which clades have been recurrently associated with insecticide resistance in other species. These shortfalls may contribute to the sensitivity of the honeybee to insecticides. On the other hand there are some recent radiations in CYP6, CYP9 and certain CCE clades in A. mellifera that could be associated with the evolution of the hormonal and chemosensory processes underpinning its highly organized eusociality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Claudianos
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- R M Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Opazo JC, Wildman DE, Prychitko T, Johnson RM, Goodman M. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 40:274-80. [PMID: 16698289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Orthologous sequences of six nuclear genes were obtained for all recognized genera of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini) and outgroups to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. All methods resolved with 100% branch support genus-level relationships, except for the grouping of Aotus as a sister taxa of Cebus and Saimiri, which was supported by low bootstrap percentages and posterior probability. All approaches depict three monophyletic New World monkey families: Atelidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae; also within each family, all approaches depict the same branching topology. However, the approaches differ in depicting the relationships of the three families to one another. Maximum parsimony depicts the Atelidae and Cebidae as sister families next joined by the Pitheciidae. Conversely, likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees group families Atelidae and Pitheciidae together to the exclusion of Cebidae. Divergence time estimations using both local molecular clock and Bayesian approaches suggest the families diverged from one another over a short period of geological time in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Opazo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Johnson RM, Prychitko T, Gumucio D, Wildman DE, Uddin M, Goodman M. Phylogenetic comparisons suggest that distance from the locus control region guides developmental expression of primate beta-type globin genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3186-91. [PMID: 16488971 PMCID: PMC1413942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511347103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic inferences drawn from comparative data on mammalian beta-globin gene clusters indicate that the ancestral primate cluster contained a locus control region (LCR) and five paralogously related beta-type globin loci (5'-LCR-epsilon-gamma-psieta-delta-beta-3'), with epsilon and gamma expressed solely during embryonic life. A gamma locus tandem duplication (5'-gamma(1)-gamma(2)-3') triggered gamma's evolution toward fetal expression but by a different trajectory in platyrrhines (New World monkeys) than in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans). In platyrrhine (e.g., Cebus) fetuses, gamma(1) at the ancestral distance from epsilon is down-regulated, whereas gamma(2) at increased distance is up-regulated. Catarrhine gamma(1) and gamma(2) acquired longer distances from epsilon (14 and 19 kb, respectively), and both are up-regulated throughout fetal life with gamma(1)'s expression predominating over gamma(2)'s. On enlarging the platyrrhine expression data, we find Aotus gamma is embryonic, Alouatta gamma is inactive at term, and in Callithrix, gamma(1) is down-regulated fetally, whereas gamma(2) is up-regulated. Of eight mammalian taxa now represented per taxon by embryonic, fetal, and postnatal beta-type globin gene expression data, four taxa are primates, and data for three of these primates are from this laboratory. Our results support a model in which a short distance (<10 kb) between epsilon and the adjacent gamma is a plesiomorphic character that allows the LCR to drive embryonic expression of both genes, whereas a longer distance (>10 kb) impedes embryonic activation of the downstream gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Derek E. Wildman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Monica Uddin
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; and
| | - Morris Goodman
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Johnson RM, Goyette G, Ravindranath Y, Ho YS. Hemoglobin autoxidation and regulation of endogenous H2O2 levels in erythrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:1407-17. [PMID: 16274876 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Red cells from mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase-1 were used to estimate the hemoglobin autoxidation rate and the endogenous level of H2O2 and superoxide. Methemoglobin and the rate of catalase inactivation by 3-amino-2,4,5-triazole (3-AT) were determined. In contrast with iodoacetamide-treated red cells, catalase was not inactivated by 3-AT in glutathione peroxidase-deficient erythrocytes. Kinetic models incorporating reactions known to involve H2O2 and superoxide in the erythrocyte were used to estimate H2O2, superoxide, and methemoglobin levels. The experimental data could not be modeled unless the intraerythrocytic concentration of Compound I is very low. Two additional models were tested. In one, it was assumed that a rearranged Compound I, termed Compound II*, does not react with 3-AT. However, experiments with an NADPH-generating system provided evidence that this mechanism does not occur. A second model that explicitly includes peroxiredoxin II can fit the experimental findings. Insertion of the data into the model predicted a hemoglobin autoxidation rate constant of 4.5 x 10(-7) s(-1) and an endogenous H2O2 and superoxide concentrations of 5 x 10(-11) and 5 x 10(-13) M, respectively, lower than previous estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State Medical School, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Prychitko T, Johnson RM, Wildman DE, Gumucio D, Goodman M. The phylogenetic history of New World monkey beta globin reveals a platyrrhine beta to delta gene conversion in the atelid ancestry. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005; 35:225-34. [PMID: 15737593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Orthologues of the beta globin gene locus from 10 New World monkey species were sequenced and aligned against available beta and delta globin sequences from rabbit and other primates. Where needed, additional primate sequencing was performed. Phylogenetic analysis identified a beta to delta conversion in the stem of the Anthropoidea, stretching from the 3' part of the proximal promotor to the 5' start of intron 2, consistent with earlier findings. No further conversion appeared to have occurred in the descent of the catarrhines. Within the New World monkey lineage that led to spider monkey and other atelids, another shorter gene conversion was found, spanning adjacent parts of exon 1 and intron 1. The analysis also confirmed that galago beta had replaced galago delta, that an earlier loriform-specific gene conversion extended over intron 2, and that gene conversion throughout the main gene conversion region occurred in the tarsiiform lineage. Platyrrhine phylogenetic relationships were investigated with beta sequences restricted to those that were not involved in gene conversions. This phylogeny generally agreed with results from other nuclear genes. The one exception was that the beta sequences did not place the callitrichine clade within the Cebidae but weakly joined the callitrichine and atelid clades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Prychitko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Strege RJ, Liu YJ, Kiely A, Johnson RM, Gillis EM, Storm P, Carson BS, Jallo GI, Guarnieri M. Toxicity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Carboplatin Chronically Infused into the Brainstem of a Primate. J Neurooncol 2004; 67:327-34. [PMID: 15164988 DOI: 10.1023/b:neon.0000024243.31886.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carboplatin was infused into the brainstem of cynomolgus monkeys to investigate neurotoxicity and systemic exposures following chronic local delivery. METHODS Infusions at 0.42 microl/h were intended to deliver 0.025 (n = 2), 0.075 (n = 3), 0.25 (n = 5), and 0.75 (n = 3) mg/kg by day 30. Laboratory tests, radiographic measurements, and clinical observations were used to monitor toxicity. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were sampled for platinum. RESULTS Lethargy and ataxia were observed after week 4 in the monkeys given 0.075 mg/kg, and week 2 in the monkeys given 0.25 mg/kg when the infused doses were approximately 250 and 400 microg, respectively. Rapidly progressive neurotoxicity with the 0.75 mg/kg dose required termination of the infusions at days 4-10. Hematology and chemistry values were unremarkable in all groups. Blood levels of platinum remained undetectable in 0.025 and 0.075 mg/kg dose groups. Levels in the 0.25 mg/kg group were 3.1 +/- 0.6 microg/l at 2 weeks and 5.2 +/- 0.8 microg/l at 1 month. The CSF platinum levels varied. Animals in the 0.25 mg/kg group had higher CSF levels at 2 weeks (avg. 65 microg/l, range 36-89) compared to their 1 month value (avg. 60 microg/l, range 7-170), despite the constant infusion. CONCLUSION Carboplatin can be chronically infused into monkey brainstems. Neurotoxicity is the predominant side effect and is dose-dependent. Pharmacokinetics of local and systemic delivery are different for carboplatin. Further studies are needed to monitor toxicity at higher flow rates and to investigate drug binding to abnormal central nervous system (CNS) tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Strege
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-8811, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|