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Dong XY, Zou YX, Lyu FF, Yang WH, Zhang HL, Niu YH, Wang HJ, Guo R, Wang X, Li L, Lin ZH, Luo L, Lu DL, Lu Q, Liu HM, Chen LN. [A multicenter study on respiratory pathogen detection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:310-316. [PMID: 38527500 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240117-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the status of respiratory pathogen detection and the clinical features in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods: A prospective, multicenter study was conducted to collect clinical data, including medical history, laboratory examinations and multiplex PCR tests of children diagnosed with MPP from 4 hospitals in China between November 15th and December 20th, 2023. The multiplex PCR results and clinical characteristics of MPP children in different regions were analyzed. The children were divided into severe and mild groups according to the severity of the disease. Patients in the severe group were further divided into Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) alone and Multi-pathogen co-detection groups based on whether other pathogens were detected besides MP, to analyze the influence of respiratory pathogen co-detection rate on the severity of the disease. Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to compare data between independent groups. Results: A total of 298 children, 136 males and 162 females, were enrolled in this study, including 204 children in the severe group with an onset age of 7.0 (6.0, 8.0) years, and 94 children in the mild group with an onset age of 6.5 (4.0, 7.8) years. The level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher (10.0 (5.0, 18.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.5) mg/L, 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) vs. 0.5 (0.3, 0.6) mg/L, 337 (286, 431) vs. 314 (271, 393) U/L, Z=2.02, 2.50, 3.05, all P<0.05), and the length of hospitalization was significantly longer in the severe group compared with those in mild group (6.0 (6.0, 7.0) vs. 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) d, Z=4.37, P<0.05). The time from onset to admission in severe MPP children was significantly shorter than that in mild MPP children (6.0 (5.0, 9.5) vs. 9.0 (7.0, 13.0) d, Z=2.23, P=0.026). All patients completed the multiplex PCR test, with 142 cases (47.7%) MPP children detected with 21 pathogens including adenovirus 25 cases (8.4%), human coronavirus 23 cases (7.7%), rhinovirus 21 cases (7.0%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 21 cases (7.0%), influenza A virus 18 cases (6.0%). The pathogens with the highest detection rates in Tianjin, Shanghai, Wenzhou and Chengdu were Staphylococcus aureus at 10.7% (8/75), adenovirus at 13.0% (10/77), adenovirus at 15.3% (9/59), and both rhinovirus and Haemophilus influenzae at 11.5% (10/87) each. The multi-pathogen co-detection rate in severe MPP children was significantly higher than that in mild MPP group (52.9% (108/204) vs. 36.2% (34/94), χ²=10.62,P=0.005). Among severe MPP children, there are 89 cases in the multi-pathogen co-detection group and 73 cases in the simple MPP group. The levels of LDH, D-dimer and neutrophil counts in the multi-pathogen co-detection group were significantly higher than those in the simple MPP group (348 (284, 422) vs. 307 (270, 358) U/L, 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) vs. 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) mg/L, 4.99 (3.66, 6.89)×109 vs. 4.06 (2.91, 5.65)×109/L, Z=5.17, 4.99, 6.11, all P<0.05). Conclusions: The co-detection rate of respiratory pathogens, LDH and D-dimer in children with severe MPP were higher than those with mild MPP. Among severe MPP children the stress response of children in co-detection group was more serious than that of children with simple MPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Dong
- Department of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Y X Zou
- Department of Pulmonology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Machang District, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - F F Lyu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - W H Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H L Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Y H Niu
- Department of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - H J Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - R Guo
- Department of Pulmonology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Machang District, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Machang District, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Machang District, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Z H Lin
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - L Luo
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan 625000, China
| | - D L Lu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Lu
- Department of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - H M Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L N Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Homer JA, Koelln RA, Barrow AS, Gialelis TL, Boiarska Z, Steinohrt NS, Lee EF, Yang WH, Johnson RM, Chung T, Habowski AN, Vishwakarma DS, Bhunia D, Avanzi C, Moorhouse AD, Jackson M, Tuveson DA, Lyons SK, Lukey MJ, Fairlie WD, Haider SM, Steinmetz MO, Prota AE, Moses JE. Modular synthesis of functional libraries by accelerated SuFEx click chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3879-3892. [PMID: 38487227 PMCID: PMC10935723 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Accelerated SuFEx Click Chemistry (ASCC) is a powerful method for coupling aryl and alkyl alcohols with SuFEx-compatible functional groups. With its hallmark favorable kinetics and exceptional product yields, ASCC streamlines the synthetic workflow, simplifies the purification process, and is ideally suited for discovering functional molecules. We showcase the versatility and practicality of the ASCC reaction as a tool for the late-stage derivatization of bioactive molecules and in the array synthesis of sulfonate-linked, high-potency, microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) that exhibit nanomolar anticancer activity against multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. These findings underscore ASCC's promise as a robust platform for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Rebecca A Koelln
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Andrew S Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Timothy L Gialelis
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Zlata Boiarska
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Nikita S Steinohrt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Taemoon Chung
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Amber N Habowski
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | | | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Charlotte Avanzi
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Adam D Moorhouse
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Shozeb M Haider
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
- Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSI 5232 Switzerland
| | - John E Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Rd Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
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Shi DL, Dai DL, Ding MJ, Yang WH, Liu HH, Huang CB, Yang M, Chen L, Cui GZ, Li CH. [Giant follicular adenoma of thyroid: a case report]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 58:800-802. [PMID: 37599244 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20230214-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Shi
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - D L Dai
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - M J Ding
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - W H Yang
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - H H Liu
- Seventh Surgical Department, Hejian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hejian 062450, Hebei Province, China
| | - C B Huang
- Seventh Surgical Department, Hejian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hejian 062450, Hebei Province, China
| | - M Yang
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - L Chen
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - G Z Cui
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - C H Li
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
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Gialelis TL, Wang Z, Homer JA, Yang WH, Chung T, Hu Q, Smedley CJ, Pawar NJ, Upadhyay NS, Tuveson DA, Lyons SK, Lukey MJ, Moses JE. Inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by (-)-jerantinine A: synthesis and biological studies in triple-negative breast cancer cells. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:710-714. [PMID: 37122543 PMCID: PMC10131581 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A concise semi-synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloids, (-)-jerantinine A and (-)-melodinine P, and derivatives thereof, is reported. The novel compounds were shown to have potent activity against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Furthermore, unbiased metabolomics and live cell reporter assays reveal (-)-jerantinine A alters cellular redox metabolism and induces oxidative stress that coincides with cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Gialelis
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Zifei Wang
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Joshua A Homer
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Taemoon Chung
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Qingting Hu
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Christopher J Smedley
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Nitin J Pawar
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Nitinkumar S Upadhyay
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
| | - John E Moses
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1 Bungtown Road Cold Spring Harbor NY 11724 USA
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5
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Shi DL, Dai DL, Cui GZ, Chen L, Yang M, Yang WH, Ding MJ, Li CH. [Thyroid metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:1245-1247. [PMID: 36319133 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20220216-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Shi
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - D L Dai
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - G Z Cui
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - L Chen
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - M Yang
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - W H Yang
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - M J Ding
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - C H Li
- Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
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Du YY, Yang WH, Huang SH, Tang F, Zhao W, Liu J. [The value of MR diffusion tensor imaging in assessing white matter changes in short-term methamphetamine withdrawal]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:2779-2785. [PMID: 36124350 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220113-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the white matter changes of short-term methamphetamine (MA) abstinence. Methods: The data of DTI, demographics features, general information of addiction and impulsivity scale eleven (BIS-11) of 55 short-term MA addicts who were from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Yueyang compulsory detoxification centers in Hunan province, including 40 males and 15 females, aged 14-45 (37.24±7.31) years old, and 52 healthy controls, including 40 males and 12 females aged 18-59 (40.3±9.1) years were collected prospectively from August 2017 to December 2018. The differences of DTI indicators between the two groups were compared by tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and then the correlation between the different indicators and the age of first MA use, time of MA use, daily dose used, BIS-11 score were performed. Results: There were significant differences in BIS total score(P<0.001), BIS motivational impulsivity(P<0.001) and BIS attentional impulsivity(P=0.003) between MA group and healthy control group in short-term withdrawal. And compared with the healthy control group, the fractional anisotropy (FA) (0.58±0.02 vs 0.56±0.02,0.77±0.02 vs 0.75±0.04,0.79±0.04 vs 0.76±0.06; all P<0.05), axial diffusivity (AD) (0.57±0.01 vs 0.56±0.02,P=0.001) and mean diffusivity (MD) (0.66±0.02 vs 0.65±0.02,0.52±0.07 vs 0.51±0.06; both P<0.05)values in the MA group were all increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the radial diffusivity (RD) value (P>0.05). The white matter areas with increased FA value were located in the knee and body of corpus callosum, bilateral anterior corona radiata and left superior corona radiata; the areas with increased AD value were located in the knee, body and pressure of corpus callosum, bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule, posterior limb of internal capsule, anterior, superior and posterior corona radiata, external capsule and superior longitudinal fasciculus; and the areas with increased MD value were mainly located in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior and posterior limb of internal capsule. The corpus callosum, where there was a difference in FA between the two groups, was positively correlated with the daily dose of MA (r=0.301, P=0.026). Conclusion: MA addicted individuals with short-term withdrawal have white matter edema and damage, and the degree of corpus callosum damage is positively correlated with the daily dose of MA,which is helpful to understand the pathophysiological process of white matter damage in the nervous system and the potential mechanism of neuropsychiatric symptoms in short-term withdrawal MA addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Du
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - W H Yang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - S H Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - F Tang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Sha S, Dai SY, Zheng WL, Jin JY, Yang WH, Li JF, Mao CJ, Wang P. [Study on the effect of AIDS preventive cascade services provided by social organizations for men who have sex with men in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:960-965. [PMID: 35725356 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220303-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effect and main gaps of each stage in the AIDS prevention cascade for men who have sex with men (MSM) provided in intervention projects supported by the China AIDS Fund for non-governmental organizations (CAFNGO) and provide suggestions to improve the quality of cascade services and project management. Methods: Data were collected through the CAFNGO management information system and field interviews to analyze the differences in the number of MSM receiving HIV testing and confirming tests, the newly reported patients, and the number of antiviral treatment (ART) referrals of newly established reported patients among different social organization service areas. A service chain chart was also drawn. Results: Between 2016 and 2020, 1 508 MSM intervention projects were funded by CAFNGO, including 1 183 234 MSM being mobilized to receive HIV testing. However, only 68.8% (1 183 234/1 719 139) of the testing capacity of social organizations was covered by these projects. As a result, 55 783 HIV-positive MSM were detected in preliminary screening, and only 86.6% (48 327/55 783) received confirming tests. The proportion of newly reported infections was 3.8% (45 347/1 183 234). The ratio of antiviral treatment (ART) referrals for newly reported patients between 2017 and 2020 was 89.8% (32 719/36 444). 75.8%(1 143/1 508) of total MSM intervention projects were implemented by community-based organizations (Non-registered civil affairs departments). In comparison, organizations registered in civil affairs departments took up 24.2% (365/1 508) of the total MSM intervention projects. No significant difference was noticed in the proportion of newly reported infected (3.8% and 3.8%) and the ratio of ART referrals (89.7% and 89.9%) between community-based organizations and registered organizations' projects. But these two proportions are significantly different between these two types of organizations in some areas in China. Conclusions: The AIDS prevention cascade established in CAFNGO has effectively promoted the early detection and treatment of infected MSM. However, CAFNGO needs more financial support to extend testing coverage for MSM. Meanwhile, confirmation testing for positives in preliminary screening and ART referrals needs to be improved for newly reported patients. In addition, various capacity building needs to be provided for different social organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sha
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - S Y Dai
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - W L Zheng
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J Y Jin
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - W H Yang
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J F Li
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - C J Mao
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
| | - P Wang
- China AIDS Fund for Non-governmental Organizations Management Committee Office, Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing 100020, China
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Yang WH, Lu YR, Qiu L, Ou CY, Lin ZZ, Huang ZD, Liu WB. [Analysis of clinical characteristics and related genetic variation of juvenile myasthenia gravis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:1445-1449. [PMID: 35599409 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210904-02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and related genetic variation of juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Methods: We collected the clinical data of adolescent MG patients who were treated in the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2019 to May 2020. After obtaining the patient's informed consent, the blood samples were collected. The Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on peripheral blood samples. And use biological information software and SPSS 22.0 for data processing and result analysis. Results: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 54 patients with juvenile MG were included, 28 males and 26 females. And the average age of onset was (3.79±0.89) years. Among the enrolled patients, there were 52 (96.3%) patients with ocular MG, the MG-ADL scores of 54 patients were (3.44±0.44) points, and the titer of AChR antibody was (5.88±2.45) nmol/L. Two patients had thymic hyperplasia, and 5 patients had a family history of MG.A total of 169 variant genes were found in 54 patients, of which TTN gene variants had the largest number, with a total of 17 variants (31.5%). In the TTN gene variant group, 7(41.2%) patients had eye fixation symptoms, and 4 (10.8%) patients in the non-mutation group had eye fixation symptoms. And The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.016). In addition, the synaptic nucleus envelope protein-1 (SYNE1) and the ryanodine receptor-1 (RYR1) gene variations were also found in 7 cases (13.2%), and no clear relationship between these gene variations and clinical manifestations of MG was found. Conclusions: The incidence of juvenile MG was preschoolers with no gender difference, and ocular MG was more common. The proportion of TTN gene variation in adolescent MG was higher, suggesting that this gene may be a potential therapeutic target for juvenile MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Y R Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Qiu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C Y Ou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Z Z Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Z D Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - W B Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, are the most abundant blood cells responsible for gas exchange. RBC diseases affect hundreds of millions of people and impose enormous financial and personal burdens. One well-recognized, but poorly understood feature of RBC populations within the same individual are their phenotypic heterogeneity. The granular characterization of phenotypic RBC variation in normative and disease states may allow us to identify the genetic determinants of red cell diseases and reveal novel therapeutic approaches for their treatment. Previously, we discovered diverse RNA transcripts in RBCs that has allowed us to dissect the phenotypic heterogeneity and malaria resistance of sickle red cells. However, these analyses failed to capture the heterogeneity found in RBC sub-populations. To overcome this limitation, we have performed single cell RNA-Seq to analyze the transcriptional heterogeneity of RBCs from three adult healthy donors which have been stored in the blood bank conditions and assayed at day 1 and day 15. The expression pattern clearly separated RBCs into seven distinct clusters that include one RBC cluster that expresses HBG2 and a small population of RBCs that express fetal hemoglobin (HbF) that we annotated as F cells. Almost all HBG2-expessing cells also express HBB, suggesting bi-allelic expression in single RBC from the HBG2/HBB loci, and we annotated another cluster as reticulocytes based on canonical gene expression. Additional RBC clusters were also annotated based on the enriched expression of NIX, ACVR2B and HEMGN, previously shown to be involved in erythropoiesis. Finally, we found the storage of RBC was associated with an increase in the ACVR2B and F-cell clusters. Collectively, these data indicate the power of single RBC RNA-Seq to capture and discover known and unexpected heterogeneity of RBC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Neurology, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Department of Neurology, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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10
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Yang WH, Xu TQ, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xi HT, Yang TY, Zhang J. [Application of multidisciplinary treatment comprehensive management model for early-stage lung cancer]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:261-268. [PMID: 35279989 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211026-00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the application of multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) and comprehensive management model in the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer, and analyze its clinical value and the feasibility and significance of promotion. Methods: A retrospective study of 470 patients in Xijing Hospital who underwent surgery after MDT from January 8, 2018 to December 31, 2019. There were 172 males and 298 females, aged from 23 to 79 (54.46±11.08) years. Basic diagnosis and treatment information as well as postoperative pathology were analyzed, of which 441 cases were recommended for surgery by MDT and 29 cases were subjectively requested for surgery. The patients' general condition, preoperative diagnosis and pathological results were compared, and the specific content of the MDT and comprehensive management model were summarized. We also explored the value of MDT integrated management model in early stage lung cancer treatment in the context of the current lung cancer incidence in China. Results: Among 470 surgical patients, the majority of males had solid nodules (69/172,40.1%), and the majority of females had ground glass nodules (135/298,45.3%). The distribution of nodules showed a trend of more upper lobe(277/470)than lower lobe(161/470) and more right lung(276/470) than left lung(194/470). Among the 441 patients recommended for surgery, 98.11% of males (156/159) and 97.87% of females (276/282) showed malignant pathology after surgery. Adenocarcinoma was the main pathological type (93.59% of males, 146/156; 97.46% of females, 269/276). Among the malignant pathological results, carcinoma in situ (42.31% of males, 66/156; 47.10% of females, 130/276) and stage I lung cancer (50.64% of males, 79/156; 47.46% of females, 131/276) were the most common. In all patients, 1.89% of the males (3/159) and 2.13% of the females (6/282) recommended for surgery showed benign postoperative pathology, of which tuberculosis and fungal infection were the main pathological types (66.67% for each gender, males 2/3, females, 4/6). The postoperative pathology of 29 patients who subjectively requested surgery was also tuberculosis and fungal infection as the main pathological types (69.23% of males, 9/13; 68.75% of females, 11/16). The MDT comprehensive management model made full use of a variety of auxiliary diagnostic technologies and combined the experience advantages of multidisciplinary participation to make up for the limitations of single-diagnosis. The overall diagnosis coincidence rate reached 98.09%, with strong consistency (Kappa>0.81). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 97.96%, the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%, and the average patient diagnosis and treatment cycle was 24.28-26.51 days. Conclusions: The MDT comprehensive management model meets the consensus requirements. It has great advantages in diagnostic efficiency and diagnosis and treatment cycle, and has a high promotion and application value for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer. At the same time, tuberculosis and fungal infection should be regarded as an important differential diagnosis item.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - T Q Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - H T Xi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - T Y Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
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11
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Yang WH, Han Q, Yan H. [Etiology and clinical characteristics of acquired ptosis]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 57:844-849. [PMID: 34743470 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210213-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the demographics, etiology composition, clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of acquired ptosis patients. Methods: Retrospective case-series study. The clinical records of 176 consecutive patients (312 eyes) with acquired ptosis were reviewed from January 2009 to December 2018 in the Ophthalmology Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. The demographics, etiology composition, clinical characteristics, surgical strategies and outcomes were analyzed. Results: There were 59 male (33.5%) and 117 female (66.5%) patients suffering acquired ptosis, with an average age of (64±7) years. The disease was bilateral in 136 cases and unilateral in 40 cases. There were four etiological components of acquired ptosis: 145 cases (82.4%) of aponeurotic ptosis, 17 cases (9.6%) of neurogenic ptosis, 10 cases (5.7%) of myogenic ptosis and 4 cases (2.3%) of traumatic ptosis. The clinical characteristics of acquired ptosis varied significantly depending on etiology. Ptosis surgeries were performed on 152 cases (279 eyes), and the success rate was 92.1% (140/152). Surgical procedures included levator aponeurosis surgeries on 148 cases (275 eyes), frontal muscle suspensions on 2 cases (2 eyes) and conjunctival-Müller's ectomies on 2 cases (2 eyes). Conclusions: Acquired ptosis is more likely to occur in senile and female populations with bilateral eyelids involved mostly. Aponeurotic ptosis is the predominant type of acquired ptosis. The treatment is performed according to the clear etiological diagnosis based on clinical features, and operations are efficient for most patients with acquired ptosis. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 844-849).
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Q Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - H Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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12
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Du K, Oh SH, Dutta RK, Sun T, Yang WH, Chi JTA, Diehl AM. Inhibiting xCT/SLC7A11 induces ferroptosis of myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells but exacerbates chronic liver injury. Liver Int 2021; 41:2214-2227. [PMID: 33991158 PMCID: PMC8594404 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The outcome of liver injury is dictated by factors that control the accumulation of myofibroblastic (activated) hepatic stellate cells (MF-HSCs) but therapies that specifically block this process have not been discovered. We evaluated the hypothesis that MF-HSCs and liver fibrosis could be safely reduced by inhibiting the cysteine/glutamate antiporter xCT. METHODS xCT activity was disrupted in both HSC lines and primary mouse HSCs to determine its effect on HSC biology. For comparison, xCT expression and function were also determined in primary mouse hepatocytes. Finally, the roles of xCT were assessed in mouse models of liver fibrosis. RESULTS We found that xCT mRNA levels were almost a log-fold higher in primary mouse HSCs than in primary mouse hepatocytes. Further, primary mouse HSCs dramatically induced xCT as they became MF, and inhibiting xCT blocked GSH synthesis, reduced growth and fibrogenic gene expression and triggered HSC ferroptosis. Doses of xCT inhibitors that induced massive ferroptosis in HSCs had no effect on hepatocyte viability in vitro, and xCT inhibitors reduced liver fibrosis without worsening liver injury in mice with acute liver injury. However, TGFβ treatment up-regulated xCT and triggered ferroptosis in cultured primary mouse hepatocytes. During chronic liver injury, xCT inhibitors exacerbated injury, impaired regeneration and failed to improve fibrosis, confirming that HSCs and hepatocytes deploy similar mechanisms to survive chronic oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting xCT can suppress myofibroblastic activity and induce ferroptosis of MF-HSCs. However, targeting xCT inhibition to MF-HSCs will be necessary to exploit ferroptosis as an anti-fibrotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Du
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seh Hoon Oh
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tianai Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding Author:Anna Mae Diehl, M.D., Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Snyderman Building – Suite 1073, Durham, NC 27710, 919-684-2366,
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13
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Li JF, Yang WH, Zheng WL, Jin JY, Chen Q, Zhang LY, Sha S, Wang P. [Study on the demand of social organizations working for female sex workers regarding project management and capacity building of HIV prevention and treatment]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1124-1127. [PMID: 34814519 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210312-00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the capacity building needs on social organizations providing HIV prevention and treatment services for female sex workers (FSW). Methods: Questionnaires and interview were conducted with the heads of social organizations participating in China AIDS Fund for Non-Governmental Organizations (CAFNGO) project 2017-2018. Data from the CAFNGO's information system were compiled and analyzed using Excel 2016 and SPSS 25.0 software. The distribution of social organizations, availability of funds, and social organizations' needs for capacity building were analyzed. Results: Nationwide, 184 social organizations were involved in project '2017-2018 CAFNGO's FSW field work'. Out of which, 156 answers were valid. Social organizations that participated in the implementation of fund projects were mainly concentrated in the western region, accounting for 44.0% (81/184), with Sichuan, Guangxi, and Yunnan being the majority. However, the eastern part received the most financial support. Social organizations expressed the highest demand for project data collection and analysis, accounting for 68.6% (107/156). Items on risk analysis, response, and quality control project ranked the second, accounting for 64.1% (100/156). Results showed that statistically significant differences were seen on capacity building needs among social organization leaders with different levels of training on management of planning and finance of the project (χ2=5.78,P=0.016;χ2=8.99,P=0.003). Conclusions: Currently, the number of social organizations and the related fund provision concerning HIV prevention and control among FSWs were not consistent in China. Thus, it is necessary to encourage, guide, and support the development of social organizations and satisfy social organizations' needs on capacity-building and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Li
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - W H Yang
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - W L Zheng
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - J Y Jin
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Q Chen
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Y Zhang
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - S Sha
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
| | - P Wang
- Chinese Prevention Medicine Association, Beijing 100021, China
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Yang WH, Qiu Y, Stamatatos O, Janowitz T, Lukey MJ. Enhancing the Efficacy of Glutamine Metabolism Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:790-804. [PMID: 34020912 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism is reprogrammed during tumorigenesis and has been investigated as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, efforts to drug this process are confounded by the intrinsic metabolic heterogeneity and flexibility of tumors, as well as the risk of adverse effects on the anticancer immune response. Recent research has yielded important insights into the mechanisms that determine the tumor and the host immune responses to pharmacological perturbation of glutamine metabolism. Here, we discuss these findings and suggest that, collectively, they point toward patient stratification and drug combination strategies to maximize the efficacy of glutamine metabolism inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yijian Qiu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Olivia Stamatatos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Michael J Lukey
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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15
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Lumry WR, Weller K, Magerl M, Banerji A, Longhurst HJ, Riedl MA, Lewis HB, Lu P, Devercelli G, Jain G, Maurer M, Hébert J, Ritchie B, Sussman G, Yang WH, Martinez‐Saguer I, Staubach P, Cicardi M, Shennak M, Zaragoza‐Urdaz RH, Anderson J, Baptist AP, Bernstein JA, Boggs PB, Busse PJ, Craig T, Davis‐Lorton M, Gierer S, Gower RG, Harris D, Hong DI, Jacobs J, Johnston DT, Li HH, Lockey RF, Lugar P, Manning ME, McNeil DL, Melamed I, Mostofi T, Nickel T, Otto WR, Petrov AA, Radojicic C, Rehman SM, Schwartz LB, Shapiro R, Sher E, Smith AM, Soteres D, Tachdjian R, Wedner HJ, Weinstein ME, Zafra H. Impact of lanadelumab on health-related quality of life in patients with hereditary angioedema in the HELP study. Allergy 2021; 76:1188-1198. [PMID: 33258114 PMCID: PMC8247292 DOI: 10.1111/all.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background An objective of the phase 3 HELP Study was to investigate the effect of lanadelumab on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Methods Patients with HAE‐1/2 received either lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks; n = 28), 300 mg q4wks (n = 29), 300 mg every 2 weeks (q2wks; n = 27), or placebo (n = 41) for 26 weeks (days 0–182). The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE‐QoL) was administered monthly, consisting of four domain (functioning, fatigue/mood, fears/shame, nutrition) and total scores. The generic EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire was administered on days 0, 98, and 182. Comparisons were made between placebo and (a) all lanadelumab‐treated patients and (b) individual lanadelumab groups for changes in scores (day 0–182) and proportions achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID, −6) in AE‐QoL total score. Results Compared with the placebo group, the lanadelumab total group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in AE‐QoL total and domain scores (mean change, −13.0 to −29.3; p < 0.05 for all); the largest improvement was in functioning. A significantly greater proportion of the lanadelumab total group achieved the MCID (70% vs 37%; p = 0.001). The lanadelumab 300 mg q2wks group had the highest proportion (81%; p = 0.001) and was 7.2 times more likely to achieve the MCID than the placebo group. Mean EQ‐5D‐5L scores at day 0 were high in all groups, indicating low impairment, with no significant changes at day 182. Conclusion Patients with HAE‐1/2 experienced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL measured by AE‐QoL following lanadelumab treatment in the HELP Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Lumry
- Allergy Asthma Research Associates Research Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Karsten Weller
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Magerl
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hilary J. Longhurst
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge, and University College London Hospitals London UK
| | - Marc A. Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology Allergy & Immunology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - Peng Lu
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Lexington MA USA
| | | | - Gagan Jain
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited Lexington MA USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Yang WH, Lin CC, Wu J, Chao PY, Chen K, Chen PH, Chi JT. The Hippo Pathway Effector YAP Promotes Ferroptosis via the E3 Ligase SKP2. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1005-1014. [PMID: 33707306 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid-reactive oxygen species. A growing number of studies indicate ferroptosis as an important tumor suppressor mechanism having therapeutic potential in cancers. Previously, we identified TAZ, a Hippo pathway effector, regulates ferroptosis in renal and ovarian cancer cells. Because YAP (Yes-associated protein 1) is the one and only paralog of TAZ, sharing high sequence similarity and functional redundancy with TAZ, we tested the potential roles of YAP in regulating ferroptosis. Here, we provide experimental evidence that YAP removal confers ferroptosis resistance, whereas overexpression of YAP sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, integrative analysis of transcriptome reveals S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a YAP direct target gene that regulates ferroptosis. We found that the YAP knockdown represses the expression of SKP2. Importantly, the genetic and chemical inhibitions of SKP2 robustly protect cells from ferroptosis. In addition, knockdown of YAP or SKP2 abolishes the lipid peroxidation during erastin-induced ferroptosis. Collectively, our results indicate that YAP, similar to TAZ, is a determinant of ferroptosis through regulating the expression of SKP2. Therefore, our results support the connection between Hippo pathway effectors and ferroptosis with significant therapeutic implications. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals that YAP promotes ferroptosis by regulating SKP2, suggesting novel therapeutic options for YAP-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pei-Ya Chao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. .,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Lin CC, Yang WH, Lin YT, Tang X, Chen PH, Ding CKC, Qu DC, Alvarez JV, Chi JT. DDR2 upregulation confers ferroptosis susceptibility of recurrent breast tumors through the Hippo pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:2018-2034. [PMID: 33603168 PMCID: PMC7988308 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent breast cancer presents significant challenges with aggressive phenotypes and treatment resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutics are urgently needed. Here, we report that murine recurrent breast tumor cells, when compared with primary tumor cells, are highly sensitive to ferroptosis. Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (DDR2), the receptor for collagen I, is highly expressed in ferroptosis-sensitive recurrent tumor cells and human mesenchymal breast cancer cells. EMT regulators, TWIST and SNAIL, significantly induce DDR2 expression and sensitize ferroptosis in a DDR2-dependent manner. Erastin treatment induces DDR2 upregulation and phosphorylation, independent of collagen I. Furthermore, DDR2 knockdown in recurrent tumor cells reduces clonogenic proliferation. Importantly, both the ferroptosis protection and reduced clonogenic growth may be compatible with the compromised YAP/TAZ upon DDR2 inhibition. Collectively, these findings identify the important role of EMT-driven DDR2 upregulation in recurrent tumors in maintaining growth advantage but activating YAP/TAZ-mediated ferroptosis susceptibility, providing potential strategies to eradicate recurrent breast cancer cells with mesenchymal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dan Chen Qu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James V. Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;,Correspondence: Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. TEL: (919) 668-4759,
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18
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Chen PH, Wu J, Xu Y, Ding CKC, Mestre AA, Lin CC, Yang WH, Chi JT. Zinc transporter ZIP7 is a novel determinant of ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:198. [PMID: 33608508 PMCID: PMC7895949 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly described form of regulated cell death triggered by oxidative stresses and characterized by extensive lipid peroxidation and membrane damages. The name of ferroptosis indicates that the ferroptotic death process depends on iron, but not other metals, as one of its canonical features. Here, we reported that zinc is also essential for ferroptosis in breast and renal cancer cells. Zinc chelator suppressed ferroptosis, and zinc addition promoted ferroptosis, even during iron chelation. By interrogating zinc-related genes in a genome-wide RNAi screen of ferroptosis, we identified SLC39A7, encoding ZIP7 that controls zinc transport from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cytosol, as a novel genetic determinant of ferroptosis. Genetic and chemical inhibition of the ZIP7 protected cells against ferroptosis, and the ferroptosis protection upon ZIP7 knockdown can be abolished by zinc supplementation. We found that the genetic and chemical inhibition of ZIP7 triggered ER stresses, including the induction of the expression of HERPUD1 and ATF3. Importantly, the knockdown of HERPUD1 abolished the ferroptosis protection phenotypes of ZIP7 inhibition. Together, we have uncovered an unexpected role of ZIP7 in ferroptosis by maintaining ER homeostasis. These findings may have therapeutic implications for human diseases involving ferroptosis and zinc dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Alexander A Mestre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Zheng TY, Yang WH, Sun J, Xiong XY, Li ZT, Zou XD. Parameters optimization method for the time-delayed reservoir computing with a nonlinear duffing mechanical oscillator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:997. [PMID: 33441869 PMCID: PMC7806606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reservoir computing (RC) is a recently introduced bio-inspired computational framework capable of excellent performances in the temporal data processing, owing to its derivation from the recurrent neural network (RNN). It is well-known for the fast and effective training scheme, as well as the ease of the hardware implementation, but also the problematic sensitivity of its performance to the optimizable architecture parameters. In this article, a particular time-delayed RC with a single clamped-clamped silicon beam resonator that exhibits a classical Duffing nonlinearity is presented and its optimization problem is studied. Specifically, we numerically analyze the nonlinear response of the resonator and find a quasi-linear bifurcation point shift of the driving voltage with the driving frequency sweeping, which is called Bifurcation Point Frequency Modulation (BPFM). Furthermore, we first proposed that this method can be used to find the optimal driving frequency of RC with a Duffing mechanical resonator for a given task, and then put forward a comprehensive optimization process. The high performance of RC presented on four typical tasks proves the feasibility of this optimization method. Finally, we envision the potential application of the method based on the BPFM in our future work to implement the RC with other mechanical oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - W H Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - J Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - X Y Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Z T Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - X D Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Yang WH, Zhou RM, Wang L, Xiang XJ, Guo ZJ, Xu XH. [Analysis of cases with maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation treated with balloon temporary block and percutaneous puncture sclerotherapy]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 56:94-97. [PMID: 34645242 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200211-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To analysis the treatment effectiveness of maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by means of temporary balloon block and percutaneous puncture sclerotherapy. The treatment outcomes of 20 patients with AVM of maxillofacial deformity, aged (26.8±3.0) 18-36 years, from Dec 2012 to Dec 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. All patients had been diagnosed AVM by digital substraction angiography (DSA). All the cases were treated by using balloons to temporary block responsible artery of the AVM in order to change the high-flow malformations into low-flow venous malformation. Then injection of polyethylene foam cinnamyl alcohol was conducted via percutaneous puncturing for hardening the vascular malformation. Comparing the symptoms and imaging changes before treatment with those 1-6 months after treatment according to Achauer curative effect evaluation standard. Totally 60% (12/20) of the cases were type Ⅱa AVM, and their treatments were effective. However, the treatment effects of type Ⅲb and type Ⅳ patients were relatively poor. The clinical effective rate was 85% (17/20), and the clinical curative rate was 50% (10/20). No skin necrosis, organ damage and other serious complications were observed for the 20 patients. The AVM patients with a main supply artery treated by using a balloon artery temporary block to make high flow malformations into low-flow and followed by percutaneous puncture sclerotherapy, could get good curative effect. It seemed that this approach was safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Center of the Diagnosis and Treatment Interventional, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - R M Zhou
- Center of the Diagnosis and Treatment Interventional, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - L Wang
- Center of the Diagnosis and Treatment Interventional, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - X J Xiang
- Center of the Diagnosis and Treatment Interventional, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Z J Guo
- Center of the Diagnosis and Treatment Interventional, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - X H Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
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Riedl MA, Maurer M, Bernstein JA, Banerji A, Longhurst HJ, Li HH, Lu P, Hao J, Juethner S, Lumry WR, Hébert J, Ritchie B, Sussman G, Yang WH, Escuriola Ettingshausen C, Magerl M, Martinez‐Saguer I, Maurer M, Staubach P, Zimmer S, Cicardi M, Perego F, Wu MA, Zanichelli A, Al‐Ghazawi A, Shennak M, Zaragoza‐Urdaz RH, Ghurye R, Longhurst HJ, Zinser E, Anderson J, Banerji A, Baptist AP, Bernstein JA, Boggs PB, Busse PJ, Christiansen S, Craig T, Davis‐Lorton M, Gierer S, Gower RG, Harris D, Hong DI, Jacobs J, Johnston DT, Levitch ES, Li HH, Lockey RF, Lugar P, Lumry WR, Manning ME, McNeil DL, Melamed I, Mostofi T, Nickel T, Otto WR, Petrov AA, Poarch K, Radojicic C, Rehman SM, Riedl MA, Schwartz LB, Shapiro R, Sher E, Smith AM, Smith TD, Soteres D, Tachdjian R, Wedner HJ, Weinstein ME, Zafra H, Zuraw BL. Lanadelumab demonstrates rapid and sustained prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks. Allergy 2020; 75:2879-2887. [PMID: 32452549 PMCID: PMC7689768 DOI: 10.1111/all.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Lanadelumab demonstrated efficacy in preventing hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in the phase 3 HELP Study. Objective To assess time to onset of effect and long‐term efficacy of lanadelumab, based on exploratory findings from the HELP Study. Methods Eligible patients with HAE type I/II received lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks), 300 mg q4wks, 300 mg q2wks, or placebo. Ad hoc analyses evaluated day 0‐69 findings using a Poisson regression model accounting for overdispersion. Least‐squares mean monthly HAE attack rate for lanadelumab was compared with placebo. Intrapatient comparisons for days 0‐69 versus steady state (days 70‐182) used a paired t test for continuous endpoints or Kappa statistics for categorical endpoints. Results One hundred twenty‐five patients were randomized and treated. During days 0‐69, mean monthly attack rate was significantly lower with lanadelumab (0.41‐0.76) vs placebo (2.04), including attacks requiring acute treatment (0.33‐0.61 vs 1.66) and moderate/severe attacks (0.31‐0.48 vs 1.33, all P ≤ .001). More patients receiving lanadelumab vs placebo were attack free (37.9%‐48.1% vs 7.3%) and responders (85.7%‐100% vs 26.8%). During steady state, the efficacy of lanadelumab vs placebo was similar or improved vs days 0‐69. Intrapatient differences were significant with lanadelumab 300 mg q4wks for select outcomes. Lanadelumab efficacy was durable—HAE attack rate was consistently lower vs placebo, from the first 2 weeks of treatment through study end. Treatment emergent adverse events were comparable during days 0‐69 and 70‐182. Conclusion Protection with lanadelumab started from the first dose and continued throughout the entire study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology University of California, San Diego San Diego CA USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Division of Immunology/Allergy Section Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
- Bernstein Clinical Research Center Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hilary J. Longhurst
- Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge and University College London Hospitals London UK
| | - H. Henry Li
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy, P.C. Chevy Chase MD USA
| | - Peng Lu
- Shire, a Takeda company Lexington MA USA
| | - James Hao
- Shire, a Takeda company Lexington MA USA
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22
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Shen XH, Li YF, Wang L, Yang WH. [Investigation on Schistosoma japonicum infection in goats in Dantu District, Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2019]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:393-396. [PMID: 32935515 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and changing patterns of Schistosoma japonicum infections in goats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the scientific data for the management of in livestock. METHODS The S. japonicum infections were detected using a miracidial hatching test (one test for one stool specimen) in goats grazed in settings with snail habitats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City at spring and autumn of each year from 2004 to 2019, and the prevalence and intensity of S. japonicum infections were estimated. RESULTS A total of 21 836 goat stool samples were detected from 2004 to 2019, and 86 were positive for S. japonicum (0.39% prevalence). The highest prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats was seen in 2004 (1.25%) and no infections were detected in goats since 2013. S. japonicum-infected goats were identified in marshland-type endemic areas and plain regions with waterway networks, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats between these two types of endemic areas (0.50% vs. 0.15%; χ2 = 11.566, P < 0.05). The prevalence of S. japonicum infections was significantly greater in goats at ages of more than 10 months (0.51%) and over 10 months (0.44%) than in other goats (χ2 = 13.088, P < 0.05), and higher prevalence was found in autumn than in spring (0.54% vs. 0.27%; χ2 = 9.597, P < 0.05). In addition, there were 76.74% of S. japonicum-infected goats with intensity of"+++"and"++++". CONCLUSIONS Although the high prevalence of S. japonicum infections has been effectively controlled in goats in Dantu District, goat remains to be an important source of S. japonicum infections that should be given a high priority for control to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Shen
- Dantu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - Y F Li
- Dantu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212004, China
| | - L Wang
- Zhenjiang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - W H Yang
- Dantu District Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Ding CKC, Rose J, Sun T, Wu J, Chen PH, Lin CC, Yang WH, Chen KY, Lee H, Xu E, Tian S, Akinwuntan J, Zhao J, Guan Z, Zhou P, Chi JT. MESH1 is a cytosolic NADPH phosphatase that regulates ferroptosis. Nat Metab 2020; 2:270-277. [PMID: 32462112 PMCID: PMC7252213 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Critical to the bacterial stringent response is the rapid relocation of resources from proliferation toward stress survival through the respective accumulation and degradation of (p)ppGpp by RelA and SpoT homologues. While mammalian genomes encode MESH1, a homologue of the bacterial (p)ppGpp hydrolase SpoT, neither (p)ppGpp nor its synthetase has been identified in mammalian cells. Here, we show that human MESH1 is an efficient cytosolic NADPH phosphatase that facilitates ferroptosis. Visualization of the MESH1-NADPH crystal structure revealed a bona fide affinity for the NADPH substrate. Ferroptosis-inducing erastin or cystine deprivation elevates MESH1, whose overexpression depletes NADPH and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, whereas MESH1 depletion promotes ferroptosis survival by sustaining the levels of NADPH and GSH and by reducing lipid peroxidation. The ferroptotic protection by MESH1 depletion is ablated by suppression of the cytosolic NAD(H) kinase, NADK, but not its mitochondrial counterpart NADK2. Collectively, these data shed light on the importance of cytosolic NADPH levels and their regulation under ferroptosis-inducing conditions in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianai Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kai-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Xu
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Tian
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jadesola Akinwuntan
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jinshi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Chen PH, Wu J, Ding CKC, Lin CC, Pan S, Bossa N, Xu Y, Yang WH, Mathey-Prevot B, Chi JT. Kinome screen of ferroptosis reveals a novel role of ATM in regulating iron metabolism. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1008-1022. [PMID: 31320750 PMCID: PMC7206124 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a specialized iron-dependent cell death that is associated with lethal lipid peroxidation. Modulation of ferroptosis may have therapeutic potential since it has been implicated in various human diseases as well as potential antitumor activities. However, much remains unknown about the underlying mechanisms and genetic determinants of ferroptosis. Given the critical role of kinases in most biological processes and the availability of various kinase inhibitors, we sought to systemically identify kinases essential for ferroptosis. We performed a forward genetic-based kinome screen against ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells triggered by cystine deprivation. This screen identified 34 essential kinases involved in TNFα and NF-kB signaling. Unexpectedly, the DNA damage response serine/threonine kinase ATM (mutated in Ataxia-Telangiectasia) was found to be essential for ferroptosis. The pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ATM consistently rescued multiple cancer cells from ferroptosis triggered by cystine deprivation or erastin. Instead of the canonical DNA damage pathways, ATM inhibition rescued ferroptosis by increasing the expression of iron regulators involved in iron storage (ferritin heavy and light chain, FTH1 and FTL) and export (ferroportin, FPN1). The coordinated changes of these iron regulators during ATM inhibition resulted in a lowering of labile iron and prevented the iron-dependent ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that ATM inhibition enhanced the nuclear translocation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), responsible for regulating expression of Ferritin/FPN1 and ferroptosis protection. Genetic depletion of MTF-1 abolished the regulation of iron-regulatory elements by ATM and resensitized the cells to ferroptosis. Together, we have identified an unexpected ATM-MTF1-Ferritin/FPN1 regulatory axis as novel determinants of ferroptosis through regulating labile iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samuel Pan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nathan Bossa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yitong Xu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernard Mathey-Prevot
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Yang WH, Huang Z, Wu J, Ding CKC, Murphy SK, Chi JT. A TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2 Axis Regulates Ferroptotic Cell Death and Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:79-90. [PMID: 31641008 PMCID: PMC6942206 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Despite recent advances, clinical outcomes remain poor, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. To investigate metabolic susceptibility, we performed nutrigenetic screens on a panel of clear cell and serous ovarian cancer cells and identified cystine addiction and vulnerability to ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death. Our results may have therapeutic potential, but little is known about the determinants of ferroptosis susceptibility in ovarian cancer. We found that vulnerability to ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells is enhanced by lower cell confluency. Because the Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are recognized as sensors of cell density, and TAZ is the predominant effector in the tested ovarian cancer cell lines, we investigated the role of TAZ in ferroptosis of ovarian cancer. TAZ removal confers ferroptosis resistance, while TAZS89A overexpression sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. In addition, we found that lower TAZ level in chemo-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is responsible for reduced ferroptosis susceptibility. The integrative genomic analysis identified ANGPTL4 as a direct TAZ-regulated target gene that sensitizes ferroptosis by activating NOX2. Collectively, cell density-regulated ferroptosis in ovarian cancer is mediated by TAZ through the regulation of the ANGPTL4-NOX2 axis, suggesting therapeutic potentials for ovarian cancers and other TAZ-activated tumors. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals that TAZ promotes ferroptosis in ovarian cancers by regulating ANGPTL4 and NOX, offering a novel therapeutic potential for ovarian tumors with TAZ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Kuang C Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Yang WH, Chi JT. Hippo pathway effectors YAP/TAZ as novel determinants of ferroptosis. Mol Cell Oncol 2019; 7:1699375. [PMID: 31993503 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2019.1699375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death. We found that the ferroptosis sensitivity in renal and ovarian cancers are regulated by cell density through TAZ-EMP1-NOX4 and TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2 pathway, respectively. These findings reveal TAZ as a novel genetic determinant of ferroptosis. Triggering ferroptosis may have therapeutic potential for TAZ-activated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology
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Yang WH, Ding CKC, Sun T, Rupprecht G, Lin CC, Hsu D, Chi JT. The Hippo Pathway Effector TAZ Regulates Ferroptosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2019; 28:2501-2508.e4. [PMID: 31484063 PMCID: PMC10440760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the poor outcomes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) suggest novel therapeutics are needed. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, which may have therapeutic potential toward RCC; however, much remains unknown about the determinants of ferroptosis susceptibility. We found that ferroptosis susceptibility is highly influenced by cell density and confluency. Because cell density regulates the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway, we investigated the roles of the Hippo pathway effectors in ferroptosis. TAZ is abundantly expressed in RCC and undergoes density-dependent nuclear or cytosolic translocation. TAZ removal confers ferroptosis resistance, whereas overexpression of TAZS89A sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, TAZ regulates the expression of Epithelial Membrane Protein 1 (EMP1), which, in turn, induces the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase 4 (NOX4), a renal-enriched reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzyme essential for ferroptosis. These findings reveal that cell density-regulated ferroptosis is mediated by TAZ through the regulation of EMP1-NOX4, suggesting its therapeutic potential for RCC and other TAZ-activated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chien-Kuang Cornelia Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tianai Sun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gabrielle Rupprecht
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Yang WH, Chi JT. Abstract 4472: The hippo pathway effector TAZ regulates ferroptosis in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly appreciated lipid peroxidation-dependent regulated cell death with relevance for many human diseases, which may be a tumor suppression mechanism and may have antitumor potential. Elucidation of the mechanism is therefore important. Here, we reported that ferroptosis sensitivity is significantly influenced by cell density. The effectors of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ, are the molecular sensors of cell density that regulate cell proliferation, survival, and organ size determination. Therefore, we determined the potential role of YAP/TAZ in regulating ferroptosis sensitivities. RCC cell lines and RCC PDX tumor cells mainly express TAZ that undergoes density-dependent nuclear translocation. Importantly, the removal of TAZ confers ferroptosis resistance, while the expression of constructively active TAZ sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, we found that TAZ knockdown reduced ferroptosis through the repression of its target gene, EMP1. EMP1 affects ferroptosis through the regulation of NOX4 and lipid peroxidation. Collectively, we have shown that the ferroptosis can be regulated by non-genetic factors, such as cell density, through the Hippo pathway and suggest the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis-inducing agent, such as erastin, for TAZ-activated tumors.
Citation Format: Wen-Hsuan Yang, Jen-Tsan Chi. The hippo pathway effector TAZ regulates ferroptosis in renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4472.
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Park HS, Eldridge WJ, Yang WH, Crose M, Ceballos S, Roback JD, Chi JTA, Wax A. Quantitative phase imaging of erythrocytes under microfluidic constriction in a high refractive index medium reveals water content changes. Microsyst Nanoeng 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 31814994 PMCID: PMC6885519 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the deformability of red blood cells can reveal a range of pathologies. For example, cells which have been stored for transfusion are known to exhibit progressively impaired deformability. Thus, this aspect of red blood cells has been characterized previously using a range of techniques. In this paper, we show a novel approach for examining the biophysical response of the cells with quantitative phase imaging. Specifically, optical volume changes are observed as the cells transit restrictive channels of a microfluidic chip in a high refractive index medium. The optical volume changes indicate an increase of cell's internal density, ostensibly due to water displacement. Here, we characterize these changes over time for red blood cells from two subjects. By storage day 29, a significant decrease in the magnitude of optical volume change in response to mechanical stress was witnessed. The exchange of water with the environment due to mechanical stress is seen to modulate with storage time, suggesting a potential means for studying cell storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sang Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Will J. Eldridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Michael Crose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Silvia Ceballos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - John D. Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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Yang WH, Doss JF, Walzer KA, McNulty SM, Wu J, Roback JD, Chi JT. Angiogenin-mediated tRNA cleavage as a novel feature of stored red blood cells. Br J Haematol 2018; 185:760-764. [PMID: 30368767 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer F Doss
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Katelyn A Walzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Shannon M McNulty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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White PJ, McGarrah RW, Grimsrud PA, Tso SC, Yang WH, Haldeman JM, Grenier-Larouche T, An J, Lapworth AL, Astapova I, Hannou SA, George T, Arlotto M, Olson LB, Lai M, Zhang GF, Ilkayeva O, Herman MA, Wynn RM, Chuang DT, Newgard CB. The BCKDH Kinase and Phosphatase Integrate BCAA and Lipid Metabolism via Regulation of ATP-Citrate Lyase. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1281-1293.e7. [PMID: 29779826 PMCID: PMC5990471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are strongly associated with dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that inhibition of the kinase (BDK) or overexpression of the phosphatase (PPM1K) that regulates branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), the committed step of BCAA catabolism, lowers circulating BCAA, reduces hepatic steatosis, and improves glucose tolerance in the absence of weight loss in Zucker fatty rats. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) as an alternate substrate of BDK and PPM1K. Hepatic overexpression of BDK increased ACL phosphorylation and activated de novo lipogenesis. BDK and PPM1K transcript levels were increased and repressed, respectively, in response to fructose feeding or expression of the ChREBP-β transcription factor. These studies identify BDK and PPM1K as a ChREBP-regulated node that integrates BCAA and lipid metabolism. Moreover, manipulation of the BDK:PPM1K ratio relieves key metabolic disease phenotypes in a genetic model of severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Shih-Chia Tso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jonathan M Haldeman
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jie An
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Amanda L Lapworth
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Inna Astapova
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Sarah A Hannou
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tabitha George
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Michelle Arlotto
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Lyra B Olson
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Michelle Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - R Max Wynn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David T Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
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Feng Y, Zhang HL, Yang WH, Zhang YZ, Huang LJ, Deng SZ, Sun YJ, Yang DJ, Zhou JH. [Molecular epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis viruses isolated in Yunnan province, 1977-2010]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 37:1519-1525. [PMID: 28057146 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the genetic and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of 63 strains of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolated in Yunnan province, China during 1977-2010. Methods: Suckling mice were inoculated with viruses continuously and the viral nucleic acid were extracted from the brain-grinding supernatants of the infected and moribund mice, then the gene fragments of E region were amplified by RT-PCR. Bioinformatics (Clustal X, DNAstar, Mega 5.0 and other software) was used to analyze the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic trees. Results: Yunnan strains of JEV could cause illness and deaths in suckling mice. The results of virus nucleic acid detection and sequencing indicated that nucleotide sequences of E gene of the 63 virus strains were obtained. Phylogenetic tree and homology analyses based on E genomes showed that 47 strains of the experimental virus belonged to genotype 1 (G-1) and 16 strains belonged to genotype 3 (G-3). The 47 isolates of G-1 were divided into 2 clades, of them, the earliest isolates of G-1 (M28, 1977 and BN82215, 1982) in Yunnan of China and the early isolates of G-1 (U70416, 1982; DQ084229, the year is unknown) in Thailand were in one clade, and the isolates of G-1 from 2007-2010 in Yunnan could be divided into 2 subgroups. The 16 isolates of G-3 from Yunnan were divided into 3 clades, among them, the isolates from 1970-1990s in Yunnan were in two clades, and the isolates from 2004 in Yunnan were in one clade. In addition, their main amino acid sites of antigenicity, pathogenic, virulence of both G-1 and G-3 had no significant change. Conclusion: JEV G-1 and G-3 co-circulated in Yunnan, and G-1 was predominant. The JEV strains isolated in different years and areas in Yunnan had different molecular epidemiologic characteristics and genetic diversity. The results of this study suggested that JEV G-1 might originate from Yunnan of China and adjacent Southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Feng
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
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Abstract
Dark plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures are essential for many potential applications such as refractive index sensing, single molecule detection, nanolasers etc. However, it is difficult to excite the dark modes in optical experiments and thus the practical applications are severely limited. Herein, we demonstrate a simple method to experimentally excite the quadrupolar and higher-order plasmonic modes with normal incident light. By directionally depositing silver films onto the sidewalls of metal-covered one-dimensional grating, we have experimentally observed a series of asymmetrical resonances at the plasmonic ranges of silver gratings. Interestingly, both of the reflection and transmission coefficients of high-order plasmonic modes are reduced to around zero, demonstrating the perfect absorption very well. The corresponding numerical simulations show that these resonances are the well-known dark modes. Different from the conventional dark modes in plasmonic dimers, here the dark modes are the electric oscillations (as standing waves) within the silver sidewalls that are excited by charge accumulation via the bright plasmonic resonance of the top silver strips. In addition to the simple realization of perfect absorption, the dark modes are found to be quite sensitive to the environmental changes. The experimentally measured reflective index sensitivity is around 458 nm per RIU (refractive index unit), which is much higher than the sensitivity of the metal-covered grating without silver sidewalls. This research shall pave new routes to practical applications of dark surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China518055.
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Zhu YN, He BT, Jing J, Ma J, Li XH, Yang WH, Jin Y, Chen YJ. Hepcidin and iron metabolism associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children: A case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:525-533. [PMID: 27139516 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron metabolism plays a crucial role in the development of cardiometabolic disease; however, the association between cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) and hepcidin as well as other iron parameters remains unclear in children. The aims of this study were to compare the circulating hepcidin levels and iron metabolism between children with and without CMRFs and to investigate the association between those iron parameters and CMRFs. METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study was conducted among 1126 children aged 7-14 years in the case group (n = 563) with CMRFs and the healthy control group (n = 563). Iron parameters, lipids, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated. The information on demographics, diet, and physical activities was either children reported or parent reported. Compared with the healthy controls, children with CMRFs had higher levels of hepcidin and lower levels of serum iron, transferrin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR; P < 0.001). Besides, the odds ratios (ORs) for low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were 2.03, 0.21, and 0.33 in children with higher hepcidin, transferrin, and sTfR levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ORs for cardiometabolic risk were 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.85, P < 0.05), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.42, P < 0.01) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.36, P < 0.01) in children with higher serum iron, transferrin, and sTfR levels, respectively. CONCLUSION The levels of hepcidin were higher, while those of iron, transferrin, and sTfR were lower in children with CMRF. Hepcidin was positively associated with the risk of low HDL levels, whereas transferrin and sTfR levels negatively correlated with the risk of low HDL levels. In addition, serum iron, transferrin, and sTfR levels were negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B T He
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X H Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - W H Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y J Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Yang WH, Han Q, Chen S, Yan H. [The effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma after trabeculectomy]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2016; 52:104-9. [PMID: 26906705 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in filtered eyes with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS In this retrospective case series, 47 eyes from 47 PACG patients who previously had trabeculectomy were consecutively enrolled. All patients had visually significant cataracts and phacoemulsification was performed at least 3 months after trabeculectomy. The IOPs were recorded preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery. The best correct visual acuity (BCVA) , the number of glaucoma medications and the filtered bleb grade were recorded preoperatively and 24 months after phacoemulsification. IOP and BCVA before and after phacoemulsification were compared by student t test. The frequences of antiglaucoma medicine, bled grade and IOP control before and after phacoemulsification were compared by Mann-Whitney Test. Linear regression analysis, Pearson and Spearman were performed to assess the correlation between IOP change and other variants. RESULTS IOP was decreased significantly from (18.7±6.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) at baseline to 16.4±2.0 mmHg at final follow-up (t=2.54, P=0.015) . The median number of glaucoma medications was significantly decreased (P<0.01) at 2 years postoperatively. The magnitude of IOP reduction was significantly correlated with preoperative IOP (r=0.95, P<0.01). BCVA (LogMAR) was improved significantly at month 24 (t=5.62, P<0.01). Filtered bleb decreased insignificantly at 2 years postoperatively (P=0.113). Complete success, qualified success and failure rates in terms of IOP were 61.7%, 27.7% and 10.6% before surgery , 89.4%, 8.5%, 2.1% at 2 years postoperatively. In 29 patients with preoperative IOP≤21 mmHg, mean IOP increased insignificantly from (14.5±4.0) mmHg to (15.5 ± 2.3) (P=0.195) at 2 years. In the 18 patients with preoperative IOP> 21 mmHg, mean IOP decreased from (25.3 ± 4.4) mmHg preoperatively to (17.8 ± 2.4) mmHg (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Phacoemulsification reduces IOP and the number of glaucoma medications in previously filtered PACG eyes. The IOP remained normal in normal tension eyes after phacoemulsification in filtered PACG eyes but decreased significantly in hypertensive eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It also plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. Thrombin is a key player in tissue repair, remodeling, and fibrosis after an injury, and it exerts profibrotic effects by activating protease-activated receptors. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2) modulates cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, matrix production, and wound healing. It is overexpressed in many fibrotic disorders, including gingival overgrowth, and it is positively associated with the degree of fibrosis in gingival overgrowth. In human gingival fibroblasts, we previously found that TGFβ1 induced CCN2 protein synthesis through c-jun N-terminal kinase and Smad3 activation. Thrombin stimulates CCN2 synthesis through protease-activated receptor 1 and c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Curcumin inhibited TGFβ1- and thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis. In this study, we demonstrated that thrombin and protease-activated receptor 1 agonist SFLLRN induced latent TGFβ1 activation and Smad3 phosphorylation in human gingival fibroblasts. Pretreatment with a TGFβ-neutralizing antibody, TGFβ type I receptor inhibitor SB431542, and Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 inhibited approximately 86%, 94%, and 100% of thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis, respectively. Furthermore, blocking integrin subunits αv and β1 with antibodies effectively inhibited SFLLRN-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and CCN2 synthesis and increased activated TGFβ1 levels; however, similar effects were not observed for integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. These results suggest that protease-activated receptor 1-induced CCN2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts is mediated through integrin αvβ1-induced latent TGFβ1 activation and subsequent TGFβ1 signaling. Moreover, curcumin dose dependently decreased thrombin-induced activated TGFβ1 levels. Curcumin-inhibited thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts is caused by the suppression of latent TGFβ1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Deng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Y P Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K J Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - M Y P Kuo
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang WH, Casale T, Bateman ED, Dahl R, Pizzichini E, Vandewalker M, Virchow JC, Engel M, Moroni-Zentgraf PM, Schmidt H, Kerstjens HAM. Tiotropium respimat® add-on therapy reduces airflow obstruction in patients with symptomatic moderate asthma, independent of TH2 inflammatory status. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014. [PMCID: PMC4304131 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-s2-a52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kuang M, Yang WH, Wang F, Xu HX, Wang YQ, Zhou DY, Fang D, Ma L, Feng XA. Screening of highly informative and representative microsatellite markers for genotyping of major cultivated cotton varieties. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:9777-86. [PMID: 25501187 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.27.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We screened and assessed published cotton simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers to establish a set of core SSR markers suitable for cotton major cultivars in China and analyzed genetic diversity based on the core marker set. Using a stepwise screening strategy, 12 leading cultivars for preliminary screening and 96 cultivars for rescreening were evaluated. A total of 184 polymorphic SSR markers were initially screened from 3299 candidates, and a core set of 52 SSR markers with wide genome coverage (2 markers per chromosome) was obtained. Among 96 major cultivars, 273 amplification genotypes were generated using the core marker set. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.28-0.83, with an average value of 0.56. The core SSR marker set detected on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the band genotype was either a single or double band on conventional cultivars, while most were double bands (65.4%). Among 56 hybrids, the average heterozygosis rate was 35.8%, ranging from 7.1-55.4%. Eighteen of 96 cultivars had distinct band genotypes. The genetic diversity analyzed using the of NTSYS-pc V2.10 software indicated that the Yangtze River valley cotton region had the highest polymorphic level, followed by Xinjiang and then the Yellow River valley. The genetic basis of conventional cultivars was narrower than that of hybrids. The core marker set can be used for fingerprint construction, variety identification, and purity tests of major cotton cultivars in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - W H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - F Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - H X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Y Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - D Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - D Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - L Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - X A Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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Guo YL, Zhou JQ, Xiang CQ, Yang WH, Zhang B, Dai WJ, Liu JH, Zheng SJ. Monocyte/macrophage β2-AR as a target of antisympathetic excitation-induced atherosclerotic progression. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:8080-8. [PMID: 25299192 DOI: 10.4238/2014.october.7.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether monocyte/macrophage β2-AR could act as the therapeutic target of antisympathetic excitation-induced atherosclerotic progression. Cultivated human THP-1 cells were divided into different groups and incubated with isoprenaline, metoprolol, propranolol or β2-AR blocker for 24 h, together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Afterwards, each group was analyzed for C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) expression, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) release into medium and cell migration ability. In the isoprenaline group, CCR2 protein level was increased, as well as the secretion of MCP-1, and cell motility was enhanced, in a concentration-dependent manner. Propranolol and ICI 118,551 significantly reversed the stimulatory effect of isoprenaline on THP-1 cells induced by ox-LDL, but only high concentrations of metoprolol interfered significantly with the action of isoprenaline (P < 0.05). Isoprenaline or a β-AR blocker could mediate through β2-AR, affecting MCP-1 secretion, CCR2 protein expression and cell migration capacity of THP-1 cells. Therefore, monocyte-macrophage β2-AR may act as a target of antisympathetic excitation-induced atherosclerotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Guo
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - J Q Zhou
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - C Q Xiang
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - W H Yang
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - B Zhang
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - W J Dai
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - J H Liu
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - S J Zheng
- Cardiovascular Internal Department, Renhe Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Zhang YC, Kuang M, Yang WH, Xu HX, Zhou DY, Wang YQ, Feng XA, Su C, Wang F. Construction of a primary DNA fingerprint database for cotton cultivars. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:1897-906. [PMID: 23408447 DOI: 10.4238/2013.january.30.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Forty core primers were used to construct a DNA fingerprint database of 132 cotton species based on multiplex fluorescence detection technology. A high first successful ratio of 99.04% was demonstrated with tetraplex polymerase chain reaction. Forty primer pairs amplified a total of 262 genotypes among 132 species, with an average of 6.55 per primer and values of polymorphism information content varying from 0.340 to 0.882. Conflicting DNA homozygous ratios were found in various species. The highest DNA homozygous ratio was found in landrace standard cultivars, which had an 81.46% DNA homozygous ratio. The lowest occurred in a group of 2010 leading cultivars with a homozygous ratio of 63.04%. Genetic diversity of the 132 species was briefly analyzed using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, Henan, China
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Zhang JL, Xie QM, Ji J, Yang WH, Wu YB, Li C, Ma JY, Bi YZ. Different combinations of probiotics improve the production performance, egg quality, and immune response of layer hens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2755-60. [PMID: 23091128 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of different combinations of probiotics on performance, egg quality, and immune response of layer hens, a trial was carried out with 1,800 white feather layer hens of the Lohmann variety. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 4 replicates, and 50 hens in each replicate. Compared with the control group, group F, which added a composition of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus salivarius(CB) and Bacillus subtilis to the diets of layer hens, caused highly significant (P < 0.05) increases in egg production, daily egg yield, damaged egg ratio, combined with a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in feed conversion and damaged egg ratio. Group G, adding a combination of inactivated Lactobacillus salivarius and sodium butyrate, resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in daily egg yield, feed conversion, damaged egg ratio and Haugh unit. Meanwhile, groups D and H had significantly decreased feed conversion (P < 0.05), and groups B, H, and I had a significantly decreased damaged egg ratio. In serum levels, no significant difference was observed except a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in total cholesterol (groups D, E, and G) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (group E and G) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total cholesterol (groups D, E, and G) compared with group A. According to the hemagglutination inhibition test, the antibody titer of antibody against the avian influenza virus was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in most treated groups such as groups B, C, E, G, and I after d 15 fed to layers with probiotics and groups B, C, D, E, F, G, and H after d 45 compared with the control group. No significant difference was observed in the antibody titer against the Newcastle disease virus at d 15, but significantly (P < 0.05) higher at d 45 in groups F and G. These results demonstrate that several combinations of probiotics used in this experiment have a positive impact on the performance, egg quality, and immune response of layer hens, and the following work will continue to focus on these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lin NY, Lin TY, Yang WH, Wang SC, Wang KT, Su YL, Jiang YW, Chang GD, Chang CJ. Differential expression and functional analysis of the tristetraprolin family during early differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:761-77. [PMID: 22701344 PMCID: PMC3371571 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tristetraprolin (TTP) family comprises zinc finger-containing AU-rich element (ARE)-binding proteins consisting of three major members: TTP, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2. The present study generated specific antibodies against each TTP member to evaluate its expression during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In contrast to the inducible expression of TTP, results indicated constitutive expression of ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and their phosphorylation in response to differentiation signals. Physical RNA pull-down and functional luciferase assays revealed that ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 bound to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) mRNA and downregulated Mkp-1 3'UTR-mediated luciferase activity. Mkp-1 is an immediate early gene for which the mRNA is transiently expressed in response to differentiation signals. The half-life of Mkp-1 mRNA was longer at 30 min of induction than at 1 h and 2 h of induction. Knockdown of TTP or ZFP36L2 increased the Mkp-1 mRNA half-life at 1 h of induction. Knockdown of ZFP36L1, but not ZFP36L2, increased Mkp-1 mRNA basal levels via mRNA stabilization and downregulated ERK activation. Differentiation induced phosphorylation of ZFP36L1 through ERK and AKT signals. Phosphorylated ZFP36L1 then interacted with 14-3-3, which might decrease its mRNA destabilizing activity. Inhibition of adipogenesis also occurred in ZFP36L1 and TTP knockdown cells. The findings indicate that the differential expression of TTP family members regulates immediate early gene expression and modulates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Yi Lin
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzi-Yang Lin
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Wang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Su
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wun Jiang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- 1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- 2. Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yeh PA, Yang WH, Chiang PY, Wang SC, Chang MS, Chang CJ. Drosophila eyes absent is a novel mRNA target of the tristetraprolin (TTP) protein DTIS11. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:606-19. [PMID: 22553461 PMCID: PMC3341602 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tristetraprolin (TTP) protein family includes four mammalian members (TTP, TIS11b, TIS11d, and ZFP36L3), but only one in Drosophila melanogaster (DTIS11). These proteins bind target mRNAs with AU-rich elements (AREs) via two C3H zinc finger domains and destabilize the mRNAs. We found that overexpression of mouse TIS11b or DTIS11 in the Drosophila retina dramatically reduced eye size, similar to the phenotype of eyes absent (eya) mutants. The eya transcript is one of many ARE-containing mRNAs in Drosophila. We showed that TIS11b reduced levels of eya mRNA in vivo. In addition, overexpression of Eya rescued the TIS11b overexpression phenotype. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that the DTIS11 RNA-binding domain is required for DTIS11 to bind the eya 3' UTR and reduce levels of eya mRNA. Moreover, ectopic expression of DTIS11 in Drosophila S2 cells decreased levels of eya mRNA and reduced cell viability. Consistent with these results, TTP proteins overexpressed in MCF7 human breast cancer cells were associated with eya homologue 2 (EYA2) mRNA, and caused a decrease in EYA2 mRNA stability and cell viability. Our results suggest that eya mRNA is a target of TTP proteins, and that downregulation of EYA by TTP may lead to reduced cell viability in Drosophila and human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Craig TJ, Bewtra AK, Bahna SL, Hurewitz D, Schneider LC, Levy RJ, Moy JN, Offenberger J, Jacobson KW, Yang WH, Eidelman F, Janss G, Packer FR, Rojavin MA, Machnig T, Keinecke HO, Wasserman RL. C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in 1085 Hereditary Angioedema attacks--final results of the I.M.P.A.C.T.2 study. Allergy 2011; 66:1604-11. [PMID: 21884533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placebo-controlled study International Multicentre Prospective Angioedema C1-INH Trial 1 (I.M.P.A.C.T.1) demonstrated that 20 U/kg C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate (Berinert®; CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) is effective in treating acute abdominal and facial Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) attacks. METHODS I.M.P.A.C.T.2 was an open-label extension study of I.M.P.A.C.T.1 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with 20 U/kg C1-INH for successive HAE attacks at any body location. Efficacy outcomes included patient-reported time to onset of symptom relief (primary) and time to complete resolution of all symptoms (secondary), analysed on a per-patient and per-attack basis. Safety assessments included adverse events, vital signs, viral safety and anti-C1-INH antibodies. RESULTS During a median study duration of 24 months, 1085 attacks were treated in 57 patients (10-53 years of age). In the per-patient analysis, the median time to onset of symptom relief was 0.46 h and was similar for all types of attacks (0.39-0.48 h); the median time to complete resolution of symptoms was 15.5 h (shortest for laryngeal attacks: 5.8 h; 12.8-26.6 h for abdominal, peripheral and facial attacks). Demographic factors, type of HAE, intensity of attacks, time to treatment, use of androgens and presence of anti-C1-INH antibodies had no clinically relevant effect on the efficacy outcomes. There were no treatment-related safety concerns. No inhibitory anti-C1-INH antibodies were detected in any patient. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of 20 U/kg C1-INH concentrate is safe and provides reliable efficacy in the long-term treatment of successive HAE attacks at any body location.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Craig
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Yang WH, Wang ZY, Liu HL, Yu HX. Exploring the binding features of polybrominated diphenyl ethers as estrogen receptor antagonists: docking studies. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2010; 21:351-367. [PMID: 20544555 DOI: 10.1080/10629361003773971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) accumulating in nature are known to be endocrine-disrupting compounds. Of first concern are those interacting with and altering activity of the human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha). In this study a docking study was carried out to explore the binding modes of PBDE compounds as hERalpha antagonists. It was found that some of the PBDE compounds with antiestrogenic activity extended into the channel of the estrogen receptor (ER), which is usually occupied by the alkylamine side chain of the ER antagonists raloxifene (RAL) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), while most PBDE compounds without antiestrogenic activity adopted binding modes similar to that of ER agonist 17beta-estradiol (E2), located in the binding cavity and which did not protrude into the channel. The present study suggests that pose comparison based on docking is useful for discriminating whether or not PBDE compounds have antiestrogenic activity. Knowing the binding modes of compounds in hERalpha can help to screen out antiestrogenic compounds and further develop descriptive and predictive models in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Leung HWC, Yang WH, Lai MY, Lin CJ, Lee HZ. Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase during baicalein-induced human lung nonsmall carcinoma H460 cell apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 45:403-11. [PMID: 17050058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is known as a 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitor. The 12-LOX is found to be involved in the progression of human cancers and the inhibitor of 12-LOX offers a target for the prevention cancer. We demonstrated the inhibitory effect of baicalein on the gene and protein expression of 12-LOX in H460 human lung nonsmall carcinoma cell line. Treatment of baicalein inhibited the growth of H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Following 24h exposure to 50muM baicalein, cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in the cell population in S-phase. During the S-phase arrest, baicalein decreased the protein levels of cdk1 and cyclin B1, which are the regulating proteins of S-phase transition to G2/M-phase, in this study. Furthermore, baicalein induced the most of H460 cell apoptosis after treatment for 48h. H460 cells formed vesicles and apoptotic body, and then floated after treatment with baicalein. Baicalein-induced H460 cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA condensation and fragmentation. Baicalein-induced apoptosis were also accompanied by decreasing in Bcl-2 and proform of caspase-3 and increasing p53 and Bax protein levels. Pretreatment with a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, partially reduced baicalein-induced cell death, indicating baicalein induces apoptosis is partially dependent on caspase-3 pathway in H460 cells. These data suggest that baicalein, a 12-LOX inhibitor, inhibits the proliferation of H460 cells via S-phase arrest and induces apoptosis in association with the regulation of molecules in the cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W C Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chang CC, Manousakas I, Pu YR, Liang SM, Chen CH, Chen TS, Yu FM, Yang WH, Tong YC, Kuo CL. In vitro study of ultrasound based real-time tracking for renal stones in shock wave lithotripsy: Part II--a simulated animal experiment. J Urol 2002; 167:2594-7. [PMID: 11992093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously developed and reported an ultrasound based real-time tracking system for renal stones. In the current study we continued to verify the reliability of this tracking system by a simulated animal test. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used 13 prerecorded ultrasound stone trajectories to test the system. The real-time tracking system was implemented on the Litemed 9200 electrohydraulic lithotriptor (LiteMed Co., Taipei, Taiwan). An artificial stone and tap water were sealed in a balloon. The balloon was inserted into the pelvis of a pig kidney. While the kidney was affixed to and moved by a simulator, it was immersed in a specifically designed simulated animal model tank containing tap water. The stone was localized by ultrasound. The kidney was moved by the simulator according to a prerecorded stone trajectory. A total of 3,000 shock waves were delivered to the stone. For each recorded stone trajectory experiments were done under nontracking and tracking conditions. We performed tests of the fragment-to-weight ratio, which denotes the performance of a shock wave lithotriptor when fragmenting a stone. RESULTS The mean fragment-to-weight ratio was 55.3% +/- 25.9% in the nontracking and 100% +/- 0% in the tracking group. The difference in these 2 groups was statistically significant (paired t test p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound based real-time tracking system proved to improve the performance of a shock wave lithotriptor significantly when fragmenting stones in a simulated animal test. We believe that the tracking system would greatly reduce the number of shocks and time needed for treating renal stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
This study characterized the VX2 bladder cancer model in rabbits and tested the feasibility of treating bladder cancer by extravesical cryosurgery. After the growth characteristics of the VX2 bladder tumor model were determined, the VX2 tumor was inoculated into rabbits at the dome of the bladder. One week later, three freeze/thaw cycles were followed by immediate surgical repair. The control group underwent a sham operation without freezing. When the VX2 tumor is injected into the bladder wall, invasion and central necrosis occurred within I week, lymphatic metastases by 2 weeks, and lung metastases by 3 weeks after inoculation. By 4 weeks, all control rabbits had large VX2 tumors in their bladders and advanced lung metastases. Nine of the ten rabbits in the cryosurgical group had mild to moderate degrees of lung metastases, and six of them had relatively small local recurrences. One rabbit had no tumor in the bladder and only microscopic lung metastasis. The extravesical approach to cryosurgery employing bladder inversion is well tolerated. Cryosurgery exhibits modest efficacy in treating local tumors and delaying lung metastasis in this aggressive tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a specific variant of exercise-induced anaphylaxis that requires both vigorous physical activity and the ingestion of specific foods within the preceding several hours. When patients present to the emergency department (ED) with allergic reactions, careful history regarding these 2 factors is required to establish the correct diagnosis. Correct diagnosis of FDEIA will allow patients to take control of their lifestyles and avert repeated events and ED visits. Two cases of FDEIA are presented, and the diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapy of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Woo
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tsai YS, Lin JS, Tong YC, Tzai TS, Yang WH, Chang CC, Cheng HL, Lin YM, Jou YC. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: long-term durability with Prostcare. Eur Urol 2001; 39:688-92; discussion 693-4. [PMID: 11464059 DOI: 10.1159/000052528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term durability of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) with Prostcare for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 1993 to July 1994, a total of 65 patients with symptomatic BPH who underwent TUMT using the Prostcare apparatus (Bruker Spectospin, Wissembourg, France) with low-energy protocol (maximal power 52 W) were enrolled into a short-term evaluation. Subsequent follow-up information was collected in July 1999. If patients had had any further therapy for BPH, the date of retreatment was considered as an endpoint of TUMT efficacy. If no further therapy for BPH had been needed, they were re-assessed for overall satisfaction. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 49 months. Twenty patients were excluded for various reasons, including 17 with loss of follow-up and 3 with new diseases that could affect the voiding status. Thirty-eight (84.4%) of 45 valuable patients had received further therapy for BPH, including medication (n = 21, 46.7%), and endoscopic surgery (n = 17, 37.7%). The times to pharmacologic or endoscopic retreatment after TUMT were 8.9+/-11.1 and 23.0+/-14.4 months, respectively (p = 0.0003, log rank test). Only 7 (15.5%) patients had no further treatment, with 3 having satisfactory improvements, but 4 feel dissatisfied yet not needing any further therapy. In addition, 2 patients complained of erectile dysfunction after TUMT and 1 was diagnosed with prostate cancer 50 months after TUMT. In addition, there was no significant difference for all baseline values among three groups with no retreatment or retreatment with medication or endoscopic surgery. CONCLUSION At the 5-year follow-up, the long-term durability of low-energy TUMT with Prostcare is only exhibited in a few patients and the overall retreatment rate was 84.4%. Thus, patient should be informed of the high probability of supplementary treatment after TUMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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