1
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Pegu A, Lovelace SE, DeMouth ME, Cully MD, Morris DJ, Li Y, Wang K, Schmidt SD, Choe M, Liu C, Chen X, Viox E, Rowshan A, Taft JD, Zhang B, Xu K, Duan H, Ou L, Todd JP, Kong R, Li H, Shaw GM, Doria-Rose NA, Kwong PD, Koup RA, Mascola JR. Antibodies targeting the fusion peptide on the HIV envelope provide protection to rhesus macaques against mucosal SHIV challenge. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadh9039. [PMID: 38232141 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The fusion peptide (FP) on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we evaluated the ability of a human FP-directed bNAb, VRC34.01, along with two vaccine-elicited anti-FP rhesus macaque mAbs, DFPH-a.15 and DF1W-a.01, to protect against simian-HIV (SHIV)BG505 challenge. VRC34.01 neutralized SHIVBG505 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.58 μg/ml, whereas DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 were 4- or 30-fold less potent, respectively. VRC34.01 was infused into four rhesus macaques at a dose of 10 mg/kg and four rhesus macaques at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. The animals were intrarectally challenged 5 days later with SHIVBG505. In comparison with all 12 control animals that became infected, all four animals infused with VRC34.01 (10 mg/kg) and three out of four animals infused with VRC34.01 (2.5 mg/kg) remained uninfected. Because of the lower potency of DF1W-a.01 and DFPH-a.15 against SHIVBG505, we infused both Abs at a higher dose of 100 mg/kg into four rhesus macaques each, followed by SHIVBG505 challenge 5 days later. Three of four animals that received DF1W-a.01 were protected against infection, whereas all animals that received DFPH-a.15 were protected. Overall, the protective serum neutralization titers observed in these animals were similar to what has been observed for other bNAbs in similar SHIV infection models and in human clinical trials. In conclusion, FP-directed mAbs can thus provide dose-dependent in vivo protection against mucosal SHIV challenges, supporting the development of prophylactic vaccines targeting the HIV-1 Env FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E Lovelace
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan E DeMouth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle D Cully
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elise Viox
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ariana Rowshan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin D Taft
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Zhang B, Gollapudi D, Gorman J, O’Dell S, Damron LF, McKee K, Asokan M, Yang ES, Pegu A, Lin BC, Chao CW, Chen X, Gama L, Ivleva VB, Law WH, Liu C, Louder MK, Schmidt SD, Shen CH, Shi W, Stein JA, Seaman MS, McDermott AB, Carlton K, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, Lei QP, Doria-Rose NA. Engineering of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody CAP256V2LS for manufacturability and improved half life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17876. [PMID: 36284200 PMCID: PMC9596707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) CAP256-VRC26.25 has exceptional potency against HIV-1 and has been considered for clinical use. During the characterization and production of this bNAb, we observed several unusual features. First, the antibody appeared to adhere to pipette tips, requiring tips to be changed during serial dilution to accurately measure potency. Second, during production scale-up, proteolytic cleavage was discovered to target an extended heavy chain loop, which was attributed to a protease in spent medium from 2-week culture. To enable large scale production, we altered the site of cleavage via a single amino acid change, K100mA. The resultant antibody retained potency and breadth while avoiding protease cleavage. We also added the half-life extending mutation LS, which improved the in vivo persistence in animal models, but did not impact neutralization activity; we observed the same preservation of neutralization for bNAbs VRC01, N6, and PGDM1400 with LS on a 208-virus panel. The final engineered antibody, CAP256V2LS, retained the extraordinary neutralization potency of the parental antibody, had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in animal models, and was negative in in vitro assessment of autoreactivity. CAP256V2LS has the requisite potency, developability and suitability for scale-up, allowing its advancement as a clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Deepika Gollapudi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Leland F. Damron
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Bob C. Lin
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cara W. Chao
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Vera B. Ivleva
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - William H. Law
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mark K. Louder
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Wei Shi
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Judith A. Stein
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michael S. Seaman
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kevin Carlton
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Q. Paula Lei
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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3
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Scheaffer SM, Lee D, Whitener B, Ying B, Wu K, Jani H, Martin P, Amato NJ, Avena LE, Berrueta DM, Schmidt SD, O’Dell S, Nasir A, Chuang GY, Stewart-Jones G, Koup RA, Doria-Rose NA, Carfi A, Elbashir SM, Thackray LB, Edwards DK, Diamond MS. Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines increase breadth of neutralization and protect against the BA.5 Omicron variant. bioRxiv 2022:2022.09.12.507614. [PMID: 36263060 PMCID: PMC9580377 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.12.507614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Omicron lineage with large numbers of substitutions in the spike protein that can evade antibody neutralization has resulted in diminished vaccine efficacy and persistent transmission. One strategy to broaden vaccine-induced immunity is to administer bivalent vaccines that encode for spike proteins from both historical and newly-emerged variant strains. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two bivalent vaccines that recently were authorized for use in Europe and the United States and contain two mRNAs encoding Wuhan-1 and either BA.1 (mRNA-1273.214) or BA.4/5 (mRNA-1273.222) spike proteins. As a primary immunization series in BALB/c mice, both bivalent vaccines induced broader neutralizing antibody responses than the constituent monovalent vaccines (mRNA-1273 [Wuhan-1], mRNA-1273.529 [BA.1], and mRNA-1273-045 [BA.4/5]). When administered to K18-hACE2 transgenic mice as a booster at 7 months after the primary vaccination series with mRNA-1273, the bivalent vaccines induced greater breadth and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies compared to an mRNA-1273 booster. Moreover, the response in bivalent vaccine-boosted mice was associated with increased protection against BA.5 infection and inflammation in the lung. Thus, boosting with bivalent Omicron-based mRNA-1273.214 or mRNA-1273.222 vaccines enhances immunogenicity and protection against currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Bradley Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Lima NS, Musayev M, Johnston TS, Wagner DA, Henry AR, Wang L, Yang ES, Zhang Y, Birungi K, Black WP, O’Dell S, Schmidt SD, Moon D, Lorang CG, Zhao B, Chen M, Boswell KL, Roberts-Torres J, Davis RL, Peyton L, Narpala SR, O’Connell S, Wang J, Schrager A, Talana CA, Leung K, Shi W, Khashab R, Biber A, Zilberman T, Rhein J, Vetter S, Ahmed A, Novik L, Widge A, Gordon I, Guech M, Teng IT, Phung E, Ruckwardt TJ, Pegu A, Misasi J, Doria-Rose NA, Gaudinski M, Koup RA, Kwong PD, McDermott AB, Amit S, Schacker TW, Levy I, Mascola JR, Sullivan NJ, Schramm CA, Douek DC. Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants elicits convergent epitope specificities, immunoglobulin V gene usage and public B cell clones. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.28.486152. [PMID: 35378757 PMCID: PMC8978934 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.28.486152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An important consequence of infection with a SARS-CoV-2 variant is protective humoral immunity against other variants. The basis for such cross-protection at the molecular level is incompletely understood. Here we characterized the repertoire and epitope specificity of antibodies elicited by Beta, Gamma and ancestral variant infection and assessed their cross-reactivity to these and the more recent Delta and Omicron variants. We developed a high-throughput approach to obtain immunoglobulin sequences and produce monoclonal antibodies for functional assessment from single B cells. Infection with any variant elicited similar cross-binding antibody responses exhibiting a remarkably conserved hierarchy of epitope immunodominance. Furthermore, convergent V gene usage and similar public B cell clones were elicited regardless of infecting variant. These convergent responses despite antigenic variation may represent a general immunological principle that accounts for the continued efficacy of vaccines based on a single ancestral variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemia S. Lima
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maryam Musayev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy S. Johnston
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A. Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R. Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevina Birungi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Walker P. Black
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Damee Moon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia G. Lorang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bingchun Zhao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Man Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin L. Boswell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesmine Roberts-Torres
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel L. Davis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lowrey Peyton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep R. Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah O’Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Schrager
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chloe Adrienna Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rawan Khashab
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tal Zilberman
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Joshua Rhein
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sara Vetter
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, MN 55164, USA
| | - Afeefa Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alicia Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ingelise Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mercy Guech
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin Gaudinski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sharon Amit
- Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 5262112, Israel
| | - Timothy W. Schacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Itzchak Levy
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262112, Israel
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J. Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chaim A. Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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DeGrace MM, Ghedin E, Frieman MB, Krammer F, Grifoni A, Alisoltani A, Alter G, Amara RR, Baric RS, Barouch DH, Bloom JD, Bloyet LM, Bonenfant G, Boon ACM, Boritz EA, Bratt DL, Bricker TL, Brown L, Buchser WJ, Carreño JM, Cohen-Lavi L, Darling TL, Davis-Gardner ME, Dearlove BL, Di H, Dittmann M, Doria-Rose NA, Douek DC, Drosten C, Edara VV, Ellebedy A, Fabrizio TP, Ferrari G, Fischer WM, Florence WC, Fouchier RAM, Franks J, García-Sastre A, Godzik A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Gordon A, Haagmans BL, Halfmann PJ, Ho DD, Holbrook MR, Huang Y, James SL, Jaroszewski L, Jeevan T, Johnson RM, Jones TC, Joshi A, Kawaoka Y, Kercher L, Koopmans MPG, Korber B, Koren E, Koup RA, LeGresley EB, Lemieux JE, Liebeskind MJ, Liu Z, Livingston B, Logue JP, Luo Y, McDermott AB, McElrath MJ, Meliopoulos VA, Menachery VD, Montefiori DC, Mühlemann B, Munster VJ, Munt JE, Nair MS, Netzl A, Niewiadomska AM, O'Dell S, Pekosz A, Perlman S, Pontelli MC, Rockx B, Rolland M, Rothlauf PW, Sacharen S, Scheuermann RH, Schmidt SD, Schotsaert M, Schultz-Cherry S, Seder RA, Sedova M, Sette A, Shabman RS, Shen X, Shi PY, Shukla M, Simon V, Stumpf S, Sullivan NJ, Thackray LB, Theiler J, Thomas PG, Trifkovic S, Türeli S, Turner SA, Vakaki MA, van Bakel H, VanBlargan LA, Vincent LR, Wallace ZS, Wang L, Wang M, Wang P, Wang W, Weaver SC, Webby RJ, Weiss CD, Wentworth DE, Weston SM, Whelan SPJ, Whitener BM, Wilks SH, Xie X, Ying B, Yoon H, Zhou B, Hertz T, Smith DJ, Diamond MS, Post DJ, Suthar MS. Defining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immune protection. Nature 2022; 605:640-652. [PMID: 35361968 PMCID: PMC9345323 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. To address the public health threat caused by the increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases within the National Institutes of Health established the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (SAVE) programme. This effort was designed to provide a real-time risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants that could potentially affect the transmission, virulence, and resistance to infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. The SAVE programme is a critical data-generating component of the US Government SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group to assess implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants on diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics, and for communicating public health risk. Here we describe the coordinated approach used to identify and curate data about emerging variants, their impact on immunity and effects on vaccine protection using animal models. We report the development of reagents, methodologies, models and notable findings facilitated by this collaborative approach and identify future challenges. This programme is a template for the response to rapidly evolving pathogens with pandemic potential by monitoring viral evolution in the human population to identify variants that could reduce the effectiveness of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciela M DeGrace
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gaston Bonenfant
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debbie L Bratt
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- CAMRIS, Contractor for NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Traci L Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liliana Brown
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - William J Buchser
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bethany L Dearlove
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Han Di
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Microbiology Department, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Venkata-Viswanadh Edara
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas P Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Will M Fischer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - William C Florence
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Godzik
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L James
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Astha Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Eilay Koren
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Richard A Koup
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric B LeGresley
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mariel J Liebeskind
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James P Logue
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jenny E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sijy O'Dell
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marjorie C Pontelli
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sinai Sacharen
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Stephen D Schmidt
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mayya Sedova
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reed S Shabman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maulik Shukla
- University of Chicago Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larissa B Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Theiler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanja Trifkovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel A Turner
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria A Vakaki
- High Throughput Screening Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leah R Vincent
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maple Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David E Wentworth
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley M Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Diane J Post
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Gagne M, Moliva JI, Foulds KE, Andrew SF, Flynn BJ, Werner AP, Wagner DA, Teng IT, Lin BC, Moore C, Jean-Baptiste N, Carroll R, Foster SL, Patel M, Ellis M, Edara VV, Maldonado NV, Minai M, McCormick L, Honeycutt CC, Nagata BM, Bock KW, Dulan CNM, Cordon J, Flebbe DR, Todd JPM, McCarthy E, Pessaint L, Van Ry A, Narvaez B, Valentin D, Cook A, Dodson A, Steingrebe K, Nurmukhambetova ST, Godbole S, Henry AR, Laboune F, Roberts-Torres J, Lorang CG, Amin S, Trost J, Naisan M, Basappa M, Willis J, Wang L, Shi W, Doria-Rose NA, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Leung K, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Olia AS, Liu C, Harris DR, Chuang GY, Stewart-Jones G, Renzi I, Lai YT, Malinowski A, Wu K, Mascola JR, Carfi A, Kwong PD, Edwards DK, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Corbett KS, Nason MC, McDermott AB, Suthar MS, Moore IN, Roederer M, Sullivan NJ, Douek DC, Seder RA. mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron boost in vaccinated macaques elicits similar B cell expansion, neutralizing responses, and protection from Omicron. Cell 2022; 185:1556-1571.e18. [PMID: 35447072 PMCID: PMC8947944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is highly transmissible and has substantial resistance to neutralization following immunization with ancestral spike-matched vaccines. It is unclear whether boosting with Omicron-matched vaccines would enhance protection. Here, nonhuman primates that received mRNA-1273 at weeks 0 and 4 were boosted at week 41 with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-Omicron. Neutralizing titers against D614G were 4,760 and 270 reciprocal ID50 at week 6 (peak) and week 41 (preboost), respectively, and 320 and 110 for Omicron. 2 weeks after the boost, titers against D614G and Omicron increased to 5,360 and 2,980 for mRNA-1273 boost and 2,670 and 1,930 for mRNA-Omicron, respectively. Similar increases against BA.2 were observed. Following either boost, 70%-80% of spike-specific B cells were cross-reactive against WA1 and Omicron. Equivalent control of virus replication in lower airways was observed following Omicron challenge 1 month after either boost. These data show that mRNA-1273 and mRNA-Omicron elicit comparable immunity and protection shortly after the boost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan I Moliva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shayne F Andrew
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne P Werner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Moore
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nazaire Jean-Baptiste
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robin Carroll
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mit Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Madison Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Venkata-Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nahara Vargas Maldonado
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren McCormick
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Cole Honeycutt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caitlyn N M Dulan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jamilet Cordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dillon R Flebbe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Saule T Nurmukhambetova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sucheta Godbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesmine Roberts-Torres
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia G Lorang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shivani Amin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Trost
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mursal Naisan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjula Basappa
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Willis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Darcy R Harris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Wu
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha C Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Karron RA, Garcia Quesada M, Schappell EA, Schmidt SD, Deloria Knoll M, Hetrich MK, Veguilla V, Doria-Rose NA, Dawood FS. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in young children exceed those in adults. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157963. [PMID: 35316213 PMCID: PMC9089786 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children. Methods We compared receptor binding domain–binding antibody (RBDAb) titers and SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing antibody titers, measured by pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody assay in serum specimens obtained from children aged 0–4 years and 5–17 years and in adults aged 18–62 years at the time of enrollment in a prospective longitudinal household study of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Among 56 seropositive participants at enrollment, children aged 0–4 years had more than 10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (416 vs. 31, P < 0.0001) and the highest RBDAb titers in 11 of 12 households with seropositive children and adults. Children aged 0–4 years had only 2-fold higher neutralizing antibody than adults, resulting in higher binding-to-neutralizing antibody ratios compared with adults (2.36 vs. 0.35 for ID50, P = 0.0004). Conclusion These findings suggest that young children mount robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 following community infections. Additionally, these results support using neutralizing antibody to measure the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 0–4 years. Funding CDC (award 75D30120C08737).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Karron
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Maria Garcia Quesada
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Schappell
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Marissa K Hetrich
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
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8
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Pajon R, Doria-Rose NA, Shen X, Schmidt SD, O'Dell S, McDanal C, Feng W, Tong J, Eaton A, Maglinao M, Tang H, Manning KE, Edara VV, Lai L, Ellis M, Moore KM, Floyd K, Foster SL, Posavad CM, Atmar RL, Lyke KE, Zhou T, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gaudinski MR, Black WP, Gordon I, Guech M, Ledgerwood JE, Misasi JN, Widge A, Sullivan NJ, Roberts PC, Beigel JH, Korber B, Baden LR, El Sahly H, Chalkias S, Zhou H, Feng J, Girard B, Das R, Aunins A, Edwards DK, Suthar MS, Mascola JR, Montefiori DC. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1088-1091. [PMID: 35081298 PMCID: PMC8809504 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2119912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Tong
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Haili Tang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Lilin Lai
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirsten E Lyke
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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9
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Chen X, Schmidt SD, Duan H, Doria-Rose NA, Mascola JR. Protocol to identify and monitor key mutations of broadly neutralizing antibody lineages following sequential immunization of Ig-humanized mice. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101180. [PMID: 35243372 PMCID: PMC8866138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the VRC01-class of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) elicited in sequentially immunized Ig-humanized mice as an example, we describe a protocol to identify key mutations for bnAb function by point mutagenesis and antibody binding and neutralization assays. We also describe steps to monitor how the key mutations arise in response to specific immunogens, which is critical for vaccine evaluation and design, via longitudinal antibody mutation profiling. This protocol can be customized for other V-gene-specific bnAbs and animal models. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Chen et al. (2021). Create germline revertants for every amino acid mutation of a target bnAb Identify key mutations for antibody function by binding and neutralization assays A procedure for fast antibody key mutation analysis and mutation profile visualization Longitudinal mutation profiling identifies immunogens inducing key antibody mutations
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10
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Pegu A, Xu L, DeMouth ME, Fabozzi G, March K, Almasri CG, Cully MD, Wang K, Yang ES, Dias J, Fennessey CM, Hataye J, Wei RR, Rao E, Casazza JP, Promsote W, Asokan M, McKee K, Schmidt SD, Chen X, Liu C, Shi W, Geng H, Foulds KE, Kao SF, Noe A, Li H, Shaw GM, Zhou T, Petrovas C, Todd JP, Keele BF, Lifson JD, Doria-Rose N, Koup RA, Yang ZY, Nabel GJ, Mascola JR. Potent anti-viral activity of a trispecific HIV neutralizing antibody in SHIV-infected monkeys. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110199. [PMID: 34986348 PMCID: PMC8767641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) represent an alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Immunotherapy with single bNAbs often leads to emergence of escape variants, suggesting a potential benefit of combination bNAb therapy. Here, a trispecific bNAb reduces viremia 100- to 1000-fold in viremic SHIV-infected macaques. After treatment discontinuation, viremia rebounds transiently and returns to low levels, through CD8-mediated immune control. These viruses remain sensitive to the trispecific antibody, despite loss of sensitivity to one of the parental bNAbs. Similarly, the trispecific bNAb suppresses the emergence of resistance in viruses derived from HIV-1-infected subjects, in contrast to parental bNAbs. Trispecific HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies, therefore, mediate potent antiviral activity in vivo and may minimize the potential for immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Megan E. DeMouth
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylie March
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra G. Almasri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle D. Cully
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana Dias
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine M. Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jason Hataye
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Joseph P. Casazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wanwisa Promsote
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shing-Fen Kao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Noe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George M. Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Gary J. Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Dr., Cambridge MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: G.J.N: , phone: 857-233-9936; J.R.M. ; 301-496-1852
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Lead contact,To whom correspondence should be addressed: G.J.N: , phone: 857-233-9936; J.R.M. ; 301-496-1852
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11
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Karron RA, Quesada MG, Schappell EA, Schmidt SD, Knoll MD, Hetrich MK, Veguilla V, Doria-Rose N, Dawood FS. Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Infants and Young Children Exceed Those in Adults. medRxiv 2021:2021.12.20.21268034. [PMID: 34981066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children. We compared Receptor Binding Domain binding antibody (RBDAb) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (neutAb) in children aged 0-4 years, 5-17 years, and in adults aged 18-62 years in a SARS-CoV-2 household study. Among 55 participants seropositive at enrollment, children aged 0-4 years had >10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (373 vs.35, P <0.0001), and the highest RBDAb titers in 11/12 households with seropositive children and adults. Children aged 0-4 years had 2-fold higher neutAb than adults, resulting in higher binding to neutralizing (B/N)Ab ratios compared to adults (1.9 vs. 0.4 for ID 50 , P=0.0002). Findings suggest that young children mount robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 following community infections. Additionally, these results support using neutAb to measure the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 0-4 years.
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12
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Karron RA, Quesada MG, Schappell EA, Schmidt SD, Knoll MD, Hetrich MK, Veguilla V, Doria-Rose N, Dawood FS. Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Infants and Young Children Exceed Those in Adults. medRxiv 2021:2021.12.20.21268034. [PMID: 34981066 PMCID: PMC8722609 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.20.21268034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections are frequently milder in children than adults, suggesting that immune responses may vary with age. However, information is limited regarding SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in young children. We compared Receptor Binding Domain binding antibody (RBDAb) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (neutAb) in children aged 0-4 years, 5-17 years, and in adults aged 18-62 years in a SARS-CoV-2 household study. Among 55 participants seropositive at enrollment, children aged 0-4 years had >10-fold higher RBDAb titers than adults (373 vs.35, P <0.0001), and the highest RBDAb titers in 11/12 households with seropositive children and adults. Children aged 0-4 years had 2-fold higher neutAb than adults, resulting in higher binding to neutralizing (B/N)Ab ratios compared to adults (1.9 vs. 0.4 for ID 50 , P=0.0002). Findings suggest that young children mount robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 following community infections. Additionally, these results support using neutAb to measure the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 0-4 years.
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13
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Corbett KS, Gagne M, Wagner DA, O' Connell S, Narpala SR, Flebbe DR, Andrew SF, Davis RL, Flynn B, Johnston TS, Stringham CD, Lai L, Valentin D, Van Ry A, Flinchbaugh Z, Werner AP, Moliva JI, Sriparna M, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Tucker C, Choi A, Koch M, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Alvarado GS, Henry AR, Laboune F, Schramm CA, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Wang L, Choe M, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Wei S, Lamb E, Nurmukhambetova ST, Provost SJ, Donaldson MM, Marquez J, Todd JPM, Cook A, Dodson A, Pekosz A, Boritz E, Ploquin A, Doria-Rose N, Pessaint L, Andersen H, Foulds KE, Misasi J, Wu K, Carfi A, Nason MC, Mascola J, Moore IN, Edwards DK, Lewis MG, Suthar MS, Roederer M, McDermott A, Douek DC, Sullivan NJ, Graham BS, Seder RA. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 beta variant in mRNA-1273 vaccine-boosted nonhuman primates. Science 2021; 374:1343-1353. [PMID: 34672695 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Gagne
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah O' Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep R Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dillon R Flebbe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shayne F Andrew
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel L Davis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher D Stringham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne P Werner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan I Moliva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjari Sriparna
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Courtney Tucker
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin W Bock
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriela S Alvarado
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evan Lamb
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saule T Nurmukhambetova
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha J Provost
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitzi M Donaldson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Josue Marquez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eli Boritz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aurélie Ploquin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Wu
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Martha C Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Mehul S Suthar
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Pegu A, O’Connell SE, Schmidt SD, O’Dell S, Talana CA, Lai L, Albert J, Anderson E, Bennett H, Corbett KS, Flach B, Jackson L, Leav B, Ledgerwood JE, Luke CJ, Makowski M, Nason MC, Roberts PC, Roederer M, Rebolledo PA, Rostad CA, Rouphael NG, Shi W, Wang L, Widge AT, Yang ES, Beigel JH, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Suthar MS, McDermott AB, Doria-Rose NA. Durability of mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2021; 373:1372-1377. [PMID: 34385356 PMCID: PMC8691522 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, particularly as antibody titers wane over time. Here, we assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.429 (Epsilon), B.1.526 (Iota), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) on binding, neutralizing, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)–competing antibodies elicited by the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine mRNA-1273 over 7 months. Cross-reactive neutralizing responses were rare after a single dose. At the peak of response to the second vaccine dose, all individuals had responses to all variants. Binding and functional antibodies against variants persisted in most subjects, albeit at low levels, for 6 months after the primary series of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Across all assays, B.1.351 had the lowest antibody recognition. These data complement ongoing studies to inform the potential need for additional boost vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah E. O’Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chloe A. Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Evan Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Britta Flach
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine J. Luke
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Martha C. Nason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul C. Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paulina A. Rebolledo
- Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadine G. Rouphael
- Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alicia T. Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - The mRNA-1273 Study Group§
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - John H. Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Wang L, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Yang ES, Schramm CA, Shi W, Pegu A, Oloniniyi OK, Henry AR, Darko S, Narpala SR, Hatcher C, Martinez DR, Tsybovsky Y, Phung E, Abiona OM, Antia A, Cale EM, Chang LA, Choe M, Corbett KS, Davis RL, DiPiazza AT, Gordon IJ, Hait SH, Hermanus T, Kgagudi P, Laboune F, Leung K, Liu T, Mason RD, Nazzari AF, Novik L, O'Connell S, O'Dell S, Olia AS, Schmidt SD, Stephens T, Stringham CD, Talana CA, Teng IT, Wagner DA, Widge AT, Zhang B, Roederer M, Ledgerwood JE, Ruckwardt TJ, Gaudinski MR, Moore PL, Doria-Rose NA, Baric RS, Graham BS, McDermott AB, Douek DC, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Sullivan NJ, Misasi J. Ultrapotent antibodies against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. Science 2021; 373:eabh1766. [PMID: 34210892 PMCID: PMC9269068 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that are resistant to therapeutic antibodies highlights the need for continuing discovery of broadly reactive antibodies. We identified four receptor binding domain-targeting antibodies from three early-outbreak convalescent donors with potent neutralizing activity against 23 variants, including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, B.1.526, and B.1.617 VOCs. Two antibodies are ultrapotent, with subnanomolar neutralization titers [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.3 to 11.1 nanograms per milliliter; IC80 1.5 to 34.5 nanograms per milliliter). We define the structural and functional determinants of binding for all four VOC-targeting antibodies and show that combinations of two antibodies decrease the in vitro generation of escape mutants, suggesting their potential in mitigating resistance development.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/metabolism
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olamide K Oloniniyi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep R Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian Hatcher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olubukola M Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avan Antia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Evan M Cale
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rachel L Davis
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony T DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ingelise J Gordon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prudence Kgagudi
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra F Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam S Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher D Stringham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chloe Adrienna Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alicia T Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin R Gaudinski
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa
- SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - John Misasi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Corbett KS, Gagne M, Wagner DA, Connell SO, Narpala SR, Flebbe DR, Andrew SF, Davis RL, Flynn B, Johnston TS, Stringham C, Lai L, Valentin D, Van Ry A, Flinchbaugh Z, Werner AP, Moliva JI, Sriparna M, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Tucker C, Choi A, Koch M, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Alvarado GS, Henry AR, Laboune F, Schramm CA, Zhang Y, Wang L, Choe M, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Shi W, Lamb E, Nurmukhambetova ST, Provost SJ, Donaldson MM, Marquez J, Todd JPM, Cook A, Dodson A, Pekosz A, Boritz E, Ploquin A, Doria-Rose N, Pessaint L, Andersen H, Foulds KE, Misasi J, Wu K, Carfi A, Nason MC, Mascola J, Moore IN, Edwards DK, Lewis MG, Suthar MS, Roederer M, McDermott A, Douek DC, Sullivan NJ, Graham BS, Seder RA. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant in mRNA-1273 Boosted Nonhuman Primates. bioRxiv 2021:2021.08.11.456015. [PMID: 34426813 PMCID: PMC8382125 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.11.456015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neutralizing antibody responses gradually wane after vaccination with mRNA-1273 against several variants of concern (VOC), and additional boost vaccinations may be required to sustain immunity and protection. Here, we evaluated the immune responses in nonhuman primates that received 100 µg of mRNA-1273 vaccine at 0 and 4 weeks and were boosted at week 29 with mRNA-1273 (homologous) or mRNA-1273.β (heterologous), which encompasses the spike sequence of the B.1.351 (beta or β) variant. Reciprocal ID 50 pseudovirus neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) against live SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the β variant, were 4700 and 765, respectively, at week 6, the peak of primary response, and 644 and 553, respectively, at a 5-month post-vaccination memory time point. Two weeks following homologous or heterologous boost β-specific reciprocal ID 50 GMT were 5000 and 3000, respectively. At week 38, animals were challenged in the upper and lower airway with the β variant. Two days post-challenge, viral replication was low to undetectable in both BAL and nasal swabs in most of the boosted animals. These data show that boosting with the homologous mRNA-1273 vaccine six months after primary immunization provides up to a 20-fold increase in neutralizing antibody responses across all VOC, which may be required to sustain high-level protection against severe disease, especially for at-risk populations. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY mRNA-1273 boosted nonhuman primates have increased immune responses and are protected against SARS-CoV-2 beta infection.
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17
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Doria-Rose N, Suthar MS, Makowski M, O'Connell S, McDermott AB, Flach B, Ledgerwood JE, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Lin BC, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Widge AT, Edara VV, Anderson EJ, Lai L, Floyd K, Rouphael NG, Zarnitsyna V, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Beigel JH, Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Albert J, Kunwar P. Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2259-2261. [PMID: 33822494 PMCID: PMC8524784 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doria-Rose
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lilin Lai
- Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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18
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Pegu A, O’Connell S, Schmidt SD, O’Dell S, Talana CA, Lai L, Albert J, Anderson E, Bennett H, Corbett KS, Flach B, Jackson L, Leav B, Ledgerwood JE, Luke CJ, Makowski M, Roberts PC, Roederer M, Rebolledo PA, Rostad CA, Rouphael NG, Shi W, Wang L, Widge AT, Yang ES, Beigel JH, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Suthar MS, McDermott A, Doria-Rose NA. Durability of mRNA-1273-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.13.444010. [PMID: 34031659 PMCID: PMC8142657 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.13.444010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, and the durability of such responses has not been previously reported. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the impact of variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, and B.1.526 on binding, neutralizing, and ACE2-blocking antibodies elicited by the vaccine mRNA-1273 over seven months. Cross-reactive neutralizing responses were rare after a single dose of mRNA-1273. At the peak of response to the second dose, all subjects had robust responses to all variants. Binding and functional antibodies against variants persisted in most subjects, albeit at low levels, for 6 months after the primary series of mRNA-1273. Across all assays, B.1.351 had the greatest impact on antibody recognition, and B.1.1.7 the least. These data complement ongoing studies of clinical protection to inform the potential need for additional boost vaccinations. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Most mRNA-1273 vaccinated individuals maintained binding and functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants for 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Sarah O’Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Chloe A. Talana
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Vaccine Center, and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Evan Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Vaccine Center, and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Britta Flach
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Lisa Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Catherine J. Luke
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul C. Roberts
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Paulina A. Rebolledo
- Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Vaccine Center, and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine G. Rouphael
- Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Alicia T. Widge
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | | | - John H. Beigel
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory Vaccine Center, and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD, USA
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Widge AT, Rouphael NG, Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott AB, Flach B, Lin BC, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Edara VV, Floyd K, Suthar MS, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Ledgerwood JE, Mascola JR, Graham BS, Beigel JH. Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:80-82. [PMID: 33270381 PMCID: PMC7727324 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2032195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia T Widge
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
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Klionsky DJ, Abdel-Aziz AK, Abdelfatah S, Abdellatif M, Abdoli A, Abel S, Abeliovich H, Abildgaard MH, Abudu YP, Acevedo-Arozena A, Adamopoulos IE, Adeli K, Adolph TE, Adornetto A, Aflaki E, Agam G, Agarwal A, Aggarwal BB, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Agrewala JN, Agrotis A, Aguilar PV, Ahmad ST, Ahmed ZM, Ahumada-Castro U, Aits S, Aizawa S, Akkoc Y, Akoumianaki T, Akpinar HA, Al-Abd AM, Al-Akra L, Al-Gharaibeh A, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Alberti S, Alcocer-Gómez E, Alessandri C, Ali M, Alim Al-Bari MA, Aliwaini S, Alizadeh J, Almacellas E, Almasan A, Alonso A, Alonso GD, Altan-Bonnet N, Altieri DC, Álvarez ÉMC, Alves S, Alves da Costa C, Alzaharna MM, Amadio M, Amantini C, Amaral C, Ambrosio S, Amer AO, Ammanathan V, An Z, Andersen SU, Andrabi SA, Andrade-Silva M, Andres AM, Angelini S, Ann D, Anozie UC, Ansari MY, Antas P, Antebi A, Antón Z, Anwar T, Apetoh L, Apostolova N, Araki T, Araki Y, Arasaki K, Araújo WL, Araya J, Arden C, Arévalo MA, Arguelles S, Arias E, Arikkath J, Arimoto H, Ariosa AR, Armstrong-James D, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Aroca A, Arroyo DS, Arsov I, Artero R, Asaro DML, Aschner M, Ashrafizadeh M, Ashur-Fabian O, Atanasov AG, Au AK, Auberger P, Auner HW, Aurelian L, Autelli R, Avagliano L, Ávalos Y, Aveic S, Aveleira CA, Avin-Wittenberg T, Aydin Y, Ayton S, Ayyadevara S, Azzopardi M, Baba M, Backer JM, Backues SK, Bae DH, Bae ON, Bae SH, Baehrecke EH, Baek A, Baek SH, Baek SH, Bagetta G, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bai H, Bai J, Bai X, Bai Y, Bairagi N, Baksi S, Balbi T, Baldari CT, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Ballester M, Balazadeh S, Balzan R, Bandopadhyay R, Banerjee S, Banerjee S, Bánréti Á, Bao Y, Baptista MS, Baracca A, Barbati C, Bargiela A, Barilà D, Barlow PG, Barmada SJ, Barreiro E, Barreto GE, Bartek J, Bartel B, Bartolome A, Barve GR, Basagoudanavar SH, Bassham DC, Bast RC, Basu A, Batoko H, Batten I, Baulieu EE, Baumgarner BL, Bayry J, Beale R, Beau I, Beaumatin F, Bechara LR, Beck GR, Beers MF, Begun J, Behrends C, Behrens GM, Bei R, Bejarano E, Bel S, Behl C, Belaid A, Belgareh-Touzé N, Bellarosa C, Belleudi F, Belló Pérez M, Bello-Morales R, Beltran JSDO, Beltran S, Benbrook DM, Bendorius M, Benitez BA, Benito-Cuesta I, Bensalem J, Berchtold MW, Berezowska S, Bergamaschi D, Bergami M, Bergmann A, Berliocchi L, Berlioz-Torrent C, Bernard A, Berthoux L, Besirli CG, Besteiro S, Betin VM, Beyaert R, Bezbradica JS, Bhaskar K, Bhatia-Kissova I, Bhattacharya R, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharyya S, Bhuiyan MS, Bhutia SK, Bi L, Bi X, Biden TJ, Bijian K, Billes VA, Binart N, Bincoletto C, Birgisdottir AB, Bjorkoy G, Blanco G, Blas-Garcia A, Blasiak J, Blomgran R, Blomgren K, Blum JS, Boada-Romero E, Boban M, Boesze-Battaglia K, Boeuf P, Boland B, Bomont P, Bonaldo P, Bonam SR, Bonfili L, Bonifacino JS, Boone BA, Bootman MD, Bordi M, Borner C, Bornhauser BC, Borthakur G, Bosch J, Bose S, Botana LM, Botas J, Boulanger CM, Boulton ME, Bourdenx M, Bourgeois B, Bourke NM, Bousquet G, Boya P, Bozhkov PV, Bozi LHM, Bozkurt TO, Brackney DE, Brandts CH, Braun RJ, Braus GH, Bravo-Sagua R, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Brest P, Bringer MA, Briones-Herrera A, Broaddus VC, Brodersen P, Brodsky JL, Brody SL, Bronson PG, Bronstein JM, Brown CN, Brown RE, Brum PC, Brumell JH, Brunetti-Pierri N, Bruno D, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Bucci C, Buchrieser C, Bueno M, Buitrago-Molina LE, Buraschi S, Buch S, Buchan JR, Buckingham EM, Budak H, Budini M, Bultynck G, Burada F, Burgoyne JR, Burón MI, Bustos V, Büttner S, Butturini E, Byrd A, Cabas I, Cabrera-Benitez S, Cadwell K, Cai J, Cai L, Cai Q, Cairó M, Calbet JA, Caldwell GA, Caldwell KA, Call JA, Calvani R, Calvo AC, Calvo-Rubio Barrera M, Camara NOS, Camonis JH, Camougrand N, Campanella M, Campbell EM, Campbell-Valois FX, Campello S, Campesi I, Campos JC, Camuzard O, Cancino J, Candido de Almeida D, Canesi L, Caniggia I, Canonico B, Cantí C, Cao B, Caraglia M, Caramés B, Carchman EH, Cardenal-Muñoz E, Cardenas C, Cardenas L, Cardoso SM, Carew JS, Carle GF, Carleton G, Carloni S, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Carneiro LA, Carnevali O, Carosi JM, Carra S, Carrier A, Carrier L, Carroll B, Carter AB, Carvalho AN, Casanova M, Casas C, Casas J, Cassioli C, Castillo EF, Castillo K, Castillo-Lluva S, Castoldi F, Castori M, Castro AF, Castro-Caldas M, Castro-Hernandez J, Castro-Obregon S, Catz SD, Cavadas C, Cavaliere F, Cavallini G, Cavinato M, Cayuela ML, Cebollada Rica P, Cecarini V, Cecconi F, Cechowska-Pasko M, Cenci S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Cerqueira JJ, Cerutti JM, Cervia D, Cetintas VB, Cetrullo S, Chae HJ, Chagin AS, Chai CY, Chakrabarti G, Chakrabarti O, Chakraborty T, Chakraborty T, Chami M, Chamilos G, Chan DW, Chan EYW, Chan ED, Chan HE, Chan HH, Chan H, Chan MT, Chan YS, Chandra PK, Chang CP, Chang C, Chang HC, Chang K, Chao J, Chapman T, Charlet-Berguerand N, Chatterjee S, Chaube SK, Chaudhary A, Chauhan S, Chaum E, Checler F, Cheetham ME, Chen CS, Chen GC, Chen JF, Chen LL, Chen L, Chen L, Chen M, Chen MK, Chen N, Chen Q, Chen RH, Chen S, Chen W, Chen W, Chen XM, Chen XW, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen YQ, Chen ZS, Chen Z, Chen ZH, Chen ZJ, Chen Z, Cheng H, Cheng J, Cheng SY, Cheng W, Cheng X, Cheng XT, Cheng Y, Cheng Z, Chen Z, Cheong H, Cheong JK, Chernyak BV, Cherry S, Cheung CFR, Cheung CHA, Cheung KH, Chevet E, Chi RJ, Chiang AKS, Chiaradonna F, Chiarelli R, Chiariello M, Chica N, Chiocca S, Chiong M, Chiou SH, Chiramel AI, Chiurchiù V, Cho DH, Choe SK, Choi AM, Choi ME, Choudhury KR, Chow NS, Chu CT, Chua JP, Chua JJE, Chung H, Chung KP, Chung S, Chung SH, Chung YL, Cianfanelli V, Ciechomska IA, Cifuentes M, Cinque L, Cirak S, Cirone M, Clague MJ, Clarke R, Clementi E, Coccia EM, Codogno P, Cohen E, Cohen MM, Colasanti T, Colasuonno F, Colbert RA, Colell A, Čolić M, Coll NS, Collins MO, Colombo MI, Colón-Ramos DA, Combaret L, Comincini S, Cominetti MR, Consiglio A, Conte A, Conti F, Contu VR, Cookson MR, Coombs KM, Coppens I, Corasaniti MT, Corkery DP, Cordes N, Cortese K, Costa MDC, Costantino S, Costelli P, Coto-Montes A, Crack PJ, Crespo JL, Criollo A, Crippa V, Cristofani R, Csizmadia T, Cuadrado A, Cui B, Cui J, Cui Y, Cui Y, Culetto E, Cumino AC, Cybulsky AV, Czaja MJ, Czuczwar SJ, D’Adamo S, D’Amelio M, D’Arcangelo D, D’Lugos AC, D’Orazi G, da Silva JA, Dafsari HS, Dagda RK, Dagdas Y, Daglia M, Dai X, Dai Y, Dai Y, Dal Col J, Dalhaimer P, Dalla Valle L, Dallenga T, Dalmasso G, Damme M, Dando I, Dantuma NP, Darling AL, Das H, Dasarathy S, Dasari SK, Dash S, Daumke O, Dauphinee AN, Davies JS, Dávila VA, Davis RJ, Davis T, Dayalan Naidu S, De Amicis F, De Bosscher K, De Felice F, De Franceschi L, De Leonibus C, de Mattos Barbosa MG, De Meyer GR, De Milito A, De Nunzio C, De Palma C, De Santi M, De Virgilio C, De Zio D, Debnath J, DeBosch BJ, Decuypere JP, Deehan MA, Deflorian G, DeGregori J, Dehay B, Del Rio G, Delaney JR, Delbridge LMD, Delorme-Axford E, Delpino MV, Demarchi F, Dembitz V, Demers ND, Deng H, Deng Z, Dengjel J, Dent P, Denton D, DePamphilis ML, Der CJ, Deretic V, Descoteaux A, Devis L, Devkota S, Devuyst O, Dewson G, Dharmasivam M, Dhiman R, di Bernardo D, Di Cristina M, Di Domenico F, Di Fazio P, Di Fonzo A, Di Guardo G, Di Guglielmo GM, Di Leo L, Di Malta C, Di Nardo A, Di Rienzo M, Di Sano F, Diallinas G, Diao J, Diaz-Araya G, Díaz-Laviada I, Dickinson JM, Diederich M, Dieudé M, Dikic I, Ding S, Ding WX, Dini L, Dinić J, Dinic M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Dionne MS, Distler JH, Diwan A, Dixon IM, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dobrinski I, Dobrovinskaya O, Dobrowolski R, Dobson RC, Đokić J, Dokmeci Emre S, Donadelli M, Dong B, Dong X, Dong Z, Dorn GW, Dotsch V, Dou H, Dou J, Dowaidar M, Dridi S, Drucker L, Du A, Du C, Du G, Du HN, Du LL, du Toit A, Duan SB, Duan X, Duarte SP, Dubrovska A, Dunlop EA, Dupont N, Durán RV, Dwarakanath BS, Dyshlovoy SA, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Eckhart L, Edelstein CL, Efferth T, Eftekharpour E, Eichinger L, Eid N, Eisenberg T, Eissa NT, Eissa S, Ejarque M, El Andaloussi A, El-Hage N, El-Naggar S, Eleuteri AM, El-Shafey ES, Elgendy M, Eliopoulos AG, Elizalde MM, Elks PM, Elsasser HP, Elsherbiny ES, Emerling BM, Emre NCT, Eng CH, Engedal N, Engelbrecht AM, Engelsen AS, Enserink JM, Escalante R, Esclatine A, Escobar-Henriques M, Eskelinen EL, Espert L, Eusebio MO, Fabrias G, Fabrizi C, Facchiano A, Facchiano F, Fadeel B, Fader C, Faesen AC, Fairlie WD, Falcó A, Falkenburger BH, Fan D, Fan J, Fan Y, Fang EF, Fang Y, Fang Y, Fanto M, Farfel-Becker T, Faure M, Fazeli G, Fedele AO, Feldman AM, Feng D, Feng J, Feng L, Feng Y, Feng Y, Feng W, Fenz Araujo T, Ferguson TA, Fernández ÁF, Fernandez-Checa JC, Fernández-Veledo S, Fernie AR, Ferrante AW, Ferraresi A, Ferrari MF, Ferreira JC, Ferro-Novick S, Figueras A, Filadi R, Filigheddu N, Filippi-Chiela E, Filomeni G, Fimia GM, Fineschi V, Finetti F, Finkbeiner S, Fisher EA, Fisher PB, Flamigni F, Fliesler SJ, Flo TH, Florance I, Florey O, Florio T, Fodor E, Follo C, Fon EA, Forlino A, Fornai F, Fortini P, Fracassi A, Fraldi A, Franco B, Franco R, Franconi F, Frankel LB, Friedman SL, Fröhlich LF, Frühbeck G, Fuentes JM, Fujiki Y, Fujita N, Fujiwara Y, Fukuda M, Fulda S, Furic L, Furuya N, Fusco C, Gack MU, Gaffke L, Galadari S, Galasso A, Galindo MF, Gallolu Kankanamalage S, Galluzzi L, Galy V, Gammoh N, Gan B, Ganley IG, Gao F, Gao H, Gao M, Gao P, Gao SJ, Gao W, Gao X, Garcera A, Garcia MN, Garcia VE, García-Del Portillo F, Garcia-Escudero V, Garcia-Garcia A, Garcia-Macia M, García-Moreno D, Garcia-Ruiz C, García-Sanz P, Garg AD, Gargini R, Garofalo T, Garry RF, Gassen NC, Gatica D, Ge L, Ge W, Geiss-Friedlander R, Gelfi C, Genschik P, Gentle IE, Gerbino V, Gerhardt C, Germain K, Germain M, Gewirtz DA, Ghasemipour Afshar E, Ghavami S, Ghigo A, Ghosh M, Giamas G, Giampietri C, Giatromanolaki A, Gibson GE, Gibson SB, Ginet V, Giniger E, Giorgi C, Girao H, Girardin SE, Giridharan M, Giuliano S, Giulivi C, Giuriato S, Giustiniani J, Gluschko A, Goder V, Goginashvili A, Golab J, Goldstone DC, Golebiewska A, Gomes LR, Gomez R, Gómez-Sánchez R, Gomez-Puerto MC, Gomez-Sintes R, Gong Q, Goni FM, González-Gallego J, Gonzalez-Hernandez T, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Gonzalez-Reyes JA, González-Rodríguez P, Goping IS, Gorbatyuk MS, Gorbunov NV, Görgülü K, Gorojod RM, Gorski SM, Goruppi S, Gotor C, Gottlieb RA, Gozes I, Gozuacik D, Graef M, Gräler MH, Granatiero V, Grasso D, Gray JP, Green DR, Greenhough A, Gregory SL, Griffin EF, Grinstaff MW, Gros F, Grose C, Gross AS, Gruber F, Grumati P, Grune T, Gu X, Guan JL, Guardia CM, Guda K, Guerra F, Guerri C, Guha P, Guillén C, Gujar S, Gukovskaya A, Gukovsky I, Gunst J, Günther A, Guntur AR, Guo C, Guo C, Guo H, Guo LW, Guo M, Gupta P, Gupta SK, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta V, Gustafsson AB, Gutterman DD, H.B. R, Haapasalo A, Haber JE, Hać A, Hadano S, Hafrén AJ, Haidar M, Hall BS, Halldén G, Hamacher-Brady A, Hamann A, Hamasaki M, Han W, Hansen M, Hanson PI, Hao Z, Harada M, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Hariharan N, Haroon N, Harris J, Hasegawa T, Hasima Nagoor N, Haspel JA, Haucke V, Hawkins WD, Hay BA, Haynes CM, Hayrabedyan SB, Hays TS, He C, He Q, He RR, He YW, He YY, Heakal Y, Heberle AM, Hejtmancik JF, Helgason GV, Henkel V, Herb M, Hergovich A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Hernández A, Hernandez C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Hernandez-Gea V, Herpin A, Herreros J, Hervás JH, Hesselson D, Hetz C, Heussler VT, Higuchi Y, Hilfiker S, Hill JA, Hlavacek WS, Ho EA, Ho IH, Ho PWL, Ho SL, Ho WY, Hobbs GA, Hochstrasser M, Hoet PH, Hofius D, Hofman P, Höhn A, Holmberg CI, Hombrebueno JR, Yi-Ren Hong CWH, Hooper LV, Hoppe T, Horos R, Hoshida Y, Hsin IL, Hsu HY, Hu B, Hu D, Hu LF, Hu MC, Hu R, Hu W, Hu YC, Hu ZW, Hua F, Hua J, Hua Y, Huan C, Huang C, Huang C, Huang C, Huang C, Huang H, Huang K, Huang ML, Huang R, Huang S, Huang T, Huang X, Huang YJ, Huber TB, Hubert V, Hubner CA, Hughes SM, Hughes WE, Humbert M, Hummer G, Hurley JH, Hussain S, Hussain S, Hussey PJ, Hutabarat M, Hwang HY, Hwang S, Ieni A, Ikeda F, Imagawa Y, Imai Y, Imbriano C, Imoto M, Inman DM, Inoki K, Iovanna J, Iozzo RV, Ippolito G, Irazoqui JE, Iribarren P, Ishaq M, Ishikawa M, Ishimwe N, Isidoro C, Ismail N, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Itakura E, Ito D, Ivankovic D, Ivanova S, Iyer AKV, Izquierdo JM, Izumi M, Jäättelä M, Jabir MS, Jackson WT, Jacobo-Herrera N, Jacomin AC, Jacquin E, Jadiya P, Jaeschke H, Jagannath C, Jakobi AJ, Jakobsson J, Janji B, Jansen-Dürr P, Jansson PJ, Jantsch J, Januszewski S, Jassey A, Jean S, Jeltsch-David H, Jendelova P, Jenny A, Jensen TE, Jessen N, Jewell JL, Ji J, Jia L, Jia R, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Jiang R, Jiang T, Jiang X, Jiang Y, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Jin EJ, Jin F, Jin H, Jin L, Jin L, Jin M, Jin S, Jo EK, Joffre C, Johansen T, Johnson GV, Johnston SA, Jokitalo E, Jolly MK, Joosten LA, Jordan J, Joseph B, Ju D, Ju JS, Ju J, Juárez E, Judith D, Juhász G, Jun Y, Jung CH, Jung SC, Jung YK, Jungbluth H, Jungverdorben J, Just S, Kaarniranta K, Kaasik A, Kabuta T, Kaganovich D, Kahana A, Kain R, Kajimura S, Kalamvoki M, Kalia M, Kalinowski DS, Kaludercic N, Kalvari I, Kaminska J, Kaminskyy VO, Kanamori H, Kanasaki K, Kang C, Kang R, Kang SS, Kaniyappan S, Kanki T, Kanneganti TD, Kanthasamy AG, Kanthasamy A, Kantorow M, Kapuy O, Karamouzis MV, Karim MR, Karmakar P, Katare RG, Kato M, Kaufmann SH, Kauppinen A, Kaushal GP, Kaushik S, Kawasaki K, Kazan K, Ke PY, Keating DJ, Keber U, Kehrl JH, Keller KE, Keller CW, Kemper JK, Kenific CM, Kepp O, Kermorgant S, Kern A, Ketteler R, Keulers TG, Khalfin B, Khalil H, Khambu B, Khan SY, Khandelwal VKM, Khandia R, Kho W, Khobrekar NV, Khuansuwan S, Khundadze M, Killackey SA, Kim D, Kim DR, Kim DH, Kim DE, Kim EY, Kim EK, Kim HR, Kim HS, Hyung-Ryong Kim, Kim JH, Kim JK, Kim JH, Kim J, Kim JH, Kim KI, Kim PK, Kim SJ, Kimball SR, Kimchi A, Kimmelman AC, 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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Asghar Abdoli
- Pasteur institute of Iran, Department of Hepatitis and HIV, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hagai Abeliovich
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marie H. Abildgaard
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, RNA and Autophagy Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yakubu Princely Abudu
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Research Unit; CIBERNED and Universidad de La Laguna, ITB, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Iannis E. Adamopoulos
- University of California, Davis, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timon E. Adolph
- Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Medicine I, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- University of Calabria, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Elma Aflaki
- National Institutes of Health, National Eye institute, Protein Structure and Function Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Galila Agam
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Nephrology and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Maria Agnello
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Alexander Agrotis
- University of Dundee, School of Life Sciences, MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Patricia V. Aguilar
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - S. Tariq Ahmad
- Colby College, Department of Biology, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulises Ahumada-Castro
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonja Aits
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Cell Death, Lysosomes and Artificial Intelligence Group, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shu Aizawa
- Nihon University, College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yunus Akkoc
- Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and KUTTAM Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tonia Akoumianaki
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Al-Akra
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abeer Al-Gharaibeh
- Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Department of Research, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
- McGill University, Departments of Medicine and Oncology and Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Alberti
- Technical University Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ali
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Saeb Aliwaini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza 108, Palestine
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eugènia Almacellas
- University of Barcelona, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Barcelona, Spain
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, London, UK
| | | | - Alicia Alonso
- University of the Basque Country, Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leioa, Spain
| | - Guillermo D. Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Laboratorio de señalización y mecanismos adaptativos en Tripanosomátidos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Élida M. C. Álvarez
- Buenos Aires University, Biochemistry and Pharmacy School, Deparment of Microbiology Immunology Biotechnology and Genetic, IDEHU, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sara Alves
- Universidade do Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Porto, Portugal; FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Department of Biological Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristine Alves da Costa
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz, Valbonne, France
| | - Mazen M. Alzaharna
- Islamic University of Gaza, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- University of Pavia, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Amaral
- University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susanna Ambrosio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Amal O. Amer
- Ohio State University, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and the Infectious Disease Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Zhenyi An
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shaida A. Andrabi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Faculty of Pharmacy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Allen M. Andres
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna, Italy
| | - David Ann
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Uche C. Anozie
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Y. Ansari
- Northeast Ohio Medical university, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Pedro Antas
- iNOVA4Health Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Zuriñe Antón
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tahira Anwar
- University of Helsinki, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nadezda Apostolova
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Centre for Networked Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Araki
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Hachioji, Horinouchi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jun Araya
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Disease, Departent of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine Arden
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria-Angeles Arévalo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and CIBERFES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandro Arguelles
- University of Seville, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, Seville, Spain
| | - Esperanza Arias
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jyothi Arikkath
- Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Hirokazu Arimoto
- Tohoku University, Graduate School fo Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aileen R. Ariosa
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Darius Armstrong-James
- Imperial College London, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriolgy and Infection, Department of Microbiology, London, UK
| | - Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Toulouse, France
| | - Angeles Aroca
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Roy J. Carver Co-Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniela S. Arroyo
- Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Laboratorio de Oncohematología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ivica Arsov
- York College/The City University of New York, Department of Biology, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Meir Medical Center, Translational Hemato-Oncology Laboratory, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicia K. Au
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research and the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Auberger
- University of Nice, Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine, Inserm U1065, Nice, France
| | | | - Laure Aurelian
- Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Autelli
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Avagliano
- University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Milano, Italy
| | - Yenniffer Ávalos
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Department of Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Célia Alexandra Aveleira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, IIIUC - Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Tulane Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Azzopardi
- University of Malta, Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Msida, Malta
| | - Misuzu Baba
- Kogakuin University, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan M. Backer
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Steven K. Backues
- Eastern Michigan University, Department of Chemistry, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Bae
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- Hanyang University, College of Pharmacy, Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eric H. Baehrecke
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ahruem Baek
- Konkuk University, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- Ajou University, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Seoul National University, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- University of Calabria, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Adam Mickiewicz University/Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of General Botany, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hua Bai
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jie Bai
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical School, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiyuan Bai
- National Jewish Health, Department of Academic Affairs, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nandadulal Bairagi
- Jadavpur University, Department of Mathematics, Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Kolkata, India
| | - Shounak Baksi
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Balbi
- University of Genoa, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Walter Balduini
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ballester
- Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rena Balzan
- University of Malta, Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Msida, Malta
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Reta Lila Weston Institute, London, UK
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- University of Miami, Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Miami, Department of Surgery, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ágnes Bánréti
- Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Universidade de São Paulo. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Barbati
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Ariadna Bargiela
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniela Barilà
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sami J. Barmada
- University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Pompeu Fabra University, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George E. Barreto
- University of Limerick, Department of Biological Sciences, Limerick, Ireland; University of Limerick, Health Research Institute, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Rice University, Department of Biosciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gaurav R. Barve
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, and Neuroscience Unit, Autophagy Laboratory, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Diane C. Bassham
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robert C. Bast
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alakananda Basu
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Henri Batoko
- University of Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Isabella Batten
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Etienne E. Baulieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1195, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Rupert Beale
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; UCL, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florian Beaumatin
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Luiz R.G. Bechara
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - George R. Beck
- Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, PENN Center for Pulmonary Biology, Lung Epithelial Biology Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
| | - Christian Behrends
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München, Germany
| | - Georg M.N. Behrens
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roberto Bei
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Tufts University, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, School of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Moncada, Spain
| | - Shai Bel
- Bar-Ilan University, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel
| | - Christian Behl
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amine Belaid
- Boston University, Metcalf Science Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesca Belleudi
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raquel Bello-Morales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center/Stephenson Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mykolas Bendorius
- UMR 7242 “Biotechnology and cellular signaling”, CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | | | - Julien Bensalem
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Sabina Berezowska
- University of Lausanne Hospital and Lausanne University, Institute of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK
| | - Matteo Bergami
- University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology (MCCB), Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Magna Graecia University, Department of Health Sciences, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Amélie Bernard
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Berthoux
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de Biologie Médicale, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Cagri G. Besirli
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Rudi Beyaert
- Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Kiran Bhaskar
- University of New Mexico, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Neurology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Resham Bhattacharya
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sujoy Bhattacharya
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shalmoli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Lanrong Bi
- Michigan Technological University, Department of Chemistry, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Dalian Medical University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Trevor J. Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krikor Bijian
- McGill University, Departments of Medicine and Oncology and Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Viktor A. Billes
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nadine Binart
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Pharmacology, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Asa B. Birgisdottir
- University Hospital of North Norway, The Heart and Lung Clinic; University of Tromso-The Artic University of Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromso, Norway
| | - Geir Bjorkoy
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gonzalo Blanco
- University of York, Department of Biology, Heslington, UK
| | - Ana Blas-Garcia
- University of Valencia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Blomgran
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden AND Karolinska University Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janice S. Blum
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emilio Boada-Romero
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Immunology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mirta Boban
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Barry Boland
- University College Cork, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Paolo Bonaldo
- University of Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura Bonfili
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division (NCSBD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- West Virginia University, Department of Surgery, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Martin D. Bootman
- The Open University, School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Matteo Bordi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Borner
- Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beat C. Bornhauser
- University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Children’s Research Center and Department of Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jürgen Bosch
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland, OH, USA; InterRayBio, LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santanu Bose
- Washington State University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Luis M. Botana
- University Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacology, Veterinary Faculty, Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan Botas
- Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael E. Boulton
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Medical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graz, Austria
| | - Nollaig M. Bourke
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- University Paris 13, UMR_S942 Inserm; University of Paris, Bobigny, France
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter V. Bozhkov
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luiz H. M. Bozi
- Stanford University, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tolga O. Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Doug E. Brackney
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christian H. Brandts
- Goethe University, University Hospital, University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Danube Private University, Department of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Krems/Donau, Austria
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Santiago, Chile
| | - José M. Bravo-San Pedro
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Brest
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Nice, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Bringer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon, France
| | - Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - V. Courtney Broaddus
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and TraumaCenter, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Brodsky
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paola G. Bronson
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M. Bronstein
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn N. Brown
- University of Colorado, AMC, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport, Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - John H. Brumell
- Hospital for Sick Children, Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruno
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- University of Salento, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires and CNRS UMR 3525, Paris, France
| | - Marta Bueno
- University of Pittsburgh, Aging Institute, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- University Duisburg-Essen, Essen University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J. Ross Buchan
- University of Arizona, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Mauricio Budini
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Autophagy Research Center (ARC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florin Burada
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Department of Medical Genetics, Craiova, Romania
| | - Joseph R. Burgoyne
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - M. Isabel Burón
- University of Cordoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Victor Bustos
- The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Stockholm University, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Butturini
- University of Verona, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biological Chemistry Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Aaron Byrd
- University of Arizona, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra Cabrera-Benitez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Fibrosis Lab, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ken Cadwell
- New York University School of Medicine, Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Cai
- University of Louisville, Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qian Cai
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Montserrat Cairó
- University of Barcelona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Network Center for Biomedical Research in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A. Calbet
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy A. Caldwell
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Kim A. Caldwell
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Call
- University of Georgia, Department of Kinesiology, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana C. Calvo
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Niels OS Camara
- University of São Paulo, Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michelangelo Campanella
- University of London, The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Edward M. Campbell
- Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
- University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Host-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Campello
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Università di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sassari, Italy
| | - Juliane C. Campos
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivier Camuzard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CEA/DRF/BIAM, Faculté de Médecine, UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs, Nice, France
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Universidad San Sebastián, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo Candido de Almeida
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Canesi
- University of Genoa, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- University of Toronto, Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Canonico
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Carles Cantí
- IRBLleida-University of Lleida,Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bin Cao
- Xiamen University School of Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Xiang'an, Xiamen, China
| | - Michele Caraglia
- University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Department of Precision Medicine, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem scarl, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Beatriz Caramés
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Evie H. Carchman
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elena Cardenal-Muñoz
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Switzerland
| | - Cesar Cardenas
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Cardenas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Institute of Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Biology Department, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Sandra M. Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine and CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Georges F. Carle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CEA/DRF/Institut Frédéric Joliot, Faculté de Médecine, UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs, Nice, France
| | - Gillian Carleton
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Silvia Carloni
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | | | - Leticia A. Carneiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Immunology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Polytechnic University of Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ancona, Italy
| | - Julian M. Carosi
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Serena Carra
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Carrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Functional Genomics of Cardiomyopathies, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Carroll
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. Brent Carter
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andreia Neves Carvalho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Magali Casanova
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Caty Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry; Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER-EHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Karen Castillo
- Universidad de Valparaíso, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Laboratory of Molecular Sensors, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sonia Castillo-Lluva
- Complutense University, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Team “Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity”, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ariel F. Castro
- Universidad de Concepción, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Concepción, Chile
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Lisboa, Portugal
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento Ciências da Vida, UCIBIO, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Castro-Obregon
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio D. Catz
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Cavadas
- University of Coimbra, Portugal, CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Gabriella Cavallini
- University of Pisa, Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cavinato
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria L. Cayuela
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Telomerase, Cancer and Aging Group, Surgical Department, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Infections, Division Cellular Microbiology, Borstel, Germany
| | - Valentina Cecarini
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, Rome, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Cenci
- Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - João J. Cerqueira
- University of Minho, School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Braga, Portugal
| | - Janete M. Cerutti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Morphology and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davide Cervia
- University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food, and Forest systems (DIBAF), Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Cetrullo
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrei S. Chagin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- University of Calcutta, Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kolkata, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Chakraborty
- Ehime University, Department of Aquatic Life Sciences, Ainan, Ehime, Japan
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mounia Chami
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz, Valbonne, France
| | - Georgios Chamilos
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - David W. Chan
- The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmond Y. W. Chan
- Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward D. Chan
- National Jewish Health, Department of Academic Affairs, Denver, CO, USA
| | - H.Y. Edwin Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen H. Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew T.V. Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yau Sang Chan
- The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Partha K. Chandra
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chunmei Chang
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, Berkeley, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hao-Chun Chang
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Singapore
| | - Kai Chang
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jie Chao
- Southeast University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tracey Chapman
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Complex Analysis Group, Faridabad, India
| | - Shail K. Chaube
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Science, Department of Zoology, Lanka, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anu Chaudhary
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Edward Chaum
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frédéric Checler
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, team labeled Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Chang-Shi Chen
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Chao Chen
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- University of Southern California, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liam L. Chen
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Leilei Chen
- Qingdao University, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Daping Hospital, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Training Related Injuries, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chen
- Wuhan Sports University, College of Health Science, Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi Chen
- Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Duke University, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Renal Medicine, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- Tsinghua University, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Department of Immunology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhefan Stephen Chen
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Shatin N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBME), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian J. Chen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Biology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Wuhan University, Hubei Key laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Liver Disease Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology & Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiu-Tang Cheng
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- University of Florida, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heesun Cheong
- National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jit Kong Cheong
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Strategic Research Programme in Precision Medicine, Singapore
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sara Cherry
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi Fai Randy Cheung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Richard J. Chi
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Alan Kwok Shing Chiang
- The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Roberto Chiarelli
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Siena, Italy; Core Research Laboratory, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Siena, Italy
| | - Nathalia Chica
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, IFOM-IEO Campus, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Chiong
- University of Chile, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Taipei Veterans Generals Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Abhilash I. Chiramel
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML), Laboratory of Virology, Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Section, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Life Science, Deagu, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | | | - Mary E. Choi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Norman S. Chow
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charleen T. Chu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason P. Chua
- University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Jia En Chua
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Physiology; National University of Singapore, LSI Neurobiology Programme; National University of Singapore, Institute for Health Innovation and Technology; National University Hospital Singapore, Centre for Healthy Longevity; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Konkuk University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kin Pan Chung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St, Mary's Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul, Kor
| | - Yuen-Li Chung
- Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, London, UK
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Iwona A. Ciechomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Neurobiology Center, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Cinque
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebahattin Cirak
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mara Cirone
- University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael J. Clague
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Research, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Liverpool, UK
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- University of Minnesota, Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Università di Milano, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana M. Coccia
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ehud Cohen
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mickael M. Cohen
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, Paris, France
| | - Tania Colasanti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Robert A. Colbert
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Pediatric Translational Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Colell
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (CSIC, IDIBAPS), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nuria S. Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark O. Collins
- University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - María I. Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Colón-Ramos
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Clermont-Auvergne University, INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Comincini
- University of Pavia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Márcia R. Cominetti
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Gerontology, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat; University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia BS, Italy
| | - Andrea Conte
- National Institutes of Health, NIAMS, Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mark R. Cookson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- University of Manitoba, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Dale P. Corkery
- Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Chemistry, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katia Cortese
- University of Genoa, DIMES Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria do Carmo Costa
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Costantino
- University of Zürich, Schlieren Campus, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paola Costelli
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- University of Oviedo, Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter J. Crack
- University of Melbourne, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose L. Crespo
- CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro di Eccellenza per lo studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro di Eccellenza per lo studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Milano, Italy
| | - Tamas Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bing Cui
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Molecular Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixian Cui
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Cui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Culetto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 1035 CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), INSERM U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea C. Cumino
- University of Mar del Plata, Department of Biology and Chemestry, Mar del Plata, BA, Argentina
| | | | - Mark J. Czaja
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Stefania D’Adamo
- University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; Rizzoli Orthopaedics Institute, Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrew C. D’Lugos
- University of Florida, Department of Physical Therapy, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- University “G. D'Annunzio”, Department of Medical Sciences DSMOB, Chieti, Italy; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Department of Research, Rome, Italy
| | - James A. da Silva
- Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Pharmacy, São José, SE, Brazil
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, University of Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruben K. Dagda
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Daglia
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Xiaoxia Dai
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Public Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Dai
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuyuan Dai
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Paul Dalhaimer
- University of Tennessee, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tobias Dallenga
- Research Center Borstel, Cellular Microbiology, Borstel, Germany
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- University of Clermont Auvergne, M2iSH (Microbes, Intestine, Inflammation and Susceptibility of the Host), UMR 1071 Inserm, INRA USC 2018, CRNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Markus Damme
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Biochemical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilaria Dando
- University of Verona, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biological Chemistry Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Nico P. Dantuma
- Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April L. Darling
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Santosh K. Dasari
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Crystallography, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian N. Dauphinee
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey S. Davies
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Valeria A. Dávila
- University of Mar del Plata, Department of Biology and Chemestry, Mar del Plata, BA, Argentina
| | - Roger J. Davis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Davis
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- University of Dundee School of Medicine, Division of Cellular Medicine, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- University of Calabria, Department of Farmacy Health and Nutritional Sciences, Rende, Italy
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Ghent University, Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francesca De Felice
- “Sapienza” University of Rome, Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata-Verona, Department of Medicine, Verona; Italy
| | - Chiara De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Clara De Palma
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro De Santi
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Unit of Pharmacology and Public Health, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Daniela De Zio
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian J. DeBosch
- Washington University School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology & Physiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regenaration, Laboratory of Pediatrics, PKD Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark A. Deehan
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - James DeGregori
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Del Rio
- Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lea M. D. Delbridge
- University of Melbourne, School of Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - M. Victoria Delpino
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Immunology, Genetics and Metabolism (INIGEM), CONICET. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francesca Demarchi
- L.N.C.I.B. Laboratorio Nazionale Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicholas D. Demers
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Cell Biology Department, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Deng
- Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Joern Dengjel
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paul Dent
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Donna Denton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Channing J. Der
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Autophagy, Inflamamtion and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Devis
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Oncobell Program. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sushil Devkota
- University of California, San Diego; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- University of Zurich, Institute of Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Ubiquitin Signalling Division, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Department of Life Science, Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Diego di Bernardo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, Naples, Italy
| | - Manlio Di Cristina
- University of Perugia, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Di Leo
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Nardo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Di Rienzo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Sano
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - George Diallinas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biology, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Jiajie Diao
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Araya
- University of Chile, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- University of Alcalá, Deparment of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- Seoul National University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- University of Montreal, Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology, Infectious diseases and Immunology Department, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Goethe University, Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shiping Ding
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Luciana Dini
- University of Rome La Sapienza, Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, Rome, Italy
| | - Jelena Dinić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- University of Dundee School of Medicine, Division of Cellular Medicine, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc S. Dionne
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences and MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, London, UK
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Washington University School of Medicine and John Cochran VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian M.C. Dixon
- University of Manitoba, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- University of Calgary, Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- University of Colima, University Center for Biomedical Research, Colima, Mexico
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Rutgers University, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Renwick C.J. Dobson
- University of Canterbury, Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jelena Đokić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Serap Dokmeci Emre
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- University of Verona, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biological Chemistry Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Bo Dong
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Dong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiwu Dong
- Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Volker Dotsch
- Goethe University, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Huan Dou
- Nanjing University, Medical School, Division of Immunology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Dou
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sami Dridi
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Liat Drucker
- Oncogenetic Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ailian Du
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Shanghai, China
| | - Caigan Du
- University of British Columbia, Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guangwei Du
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Ning Du
- Wuhan University, Hubei Key laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Lin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - André du Toit
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Shao-Bin Duan
- Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Changsha , Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Duan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chengdu, China
| | - Sónia P. Duarte
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine and CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, IIIUC - Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elaine A. Dunlop
- Cardiff University, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raúl V. Durán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Department of Research & Development, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hamburg, Germany
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | | | - Leopold Eckhart
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles L. Edelstein
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Division of Renal diseases, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Regenerative Medicine Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- University of Cologne, Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nabil Eid
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; University of Graz, Field of Excellence BioHealth, Graz, Austria
| | - N. Tony Eissa
- Long Beach VA and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sanaa Eissa
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Santitària Pere Virgili
| | - Abdeljabar El Andaloussi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Florida International University, Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shahenda El-Naggar
- Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Tumor Biology Research Program, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- University of Camerino, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Camerino, Italy
| | - Eman S. El-Shafey
- Damietta University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elgendy
- Technische Universität Dresden, Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Biology, Panepistimioupolis, Athens, Greece
| | - María M. Elizalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Philip M. Elks
- University of Sheffield, The Bateson Centre, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease,Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Elsasser
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eslam S. Elsherbiny
- Damietta University, Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N. C. Tolga Emre
- Bogazici University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nikolai Engedal
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Agnete S.T. Engelsen
- University of Bergen, Department of Biomedicine/ Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorrit M. Enserink
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 1035 CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), INSERM U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Lucile Espert
- IRIM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gemma Fabrias
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry; Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER-EHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Sapienza University of Rome, DAHFMO-Section of Anatomy, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Facchiano
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudio Fader
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, IHEM-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alex C. Faesen
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Biochemistry of Signal Dynamics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - W. Douglas Fairlie
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Falcó
- Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Elche, Spain
| | | | - Daping Fan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanshan Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yognqi Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manolis Fanto
- King’s College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
| | - Tamar Farfel-Becker
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anthony O. Fedele
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Du Feng
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Neurology, Changchun, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchen Feng
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Houston TX, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
| | - Thais Fenz Araujo
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas A. Ferguson
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Álvaro F. Fernández
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Alessandra Ferraresi
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Novara, Italy
| | - Merari F. Ferrari
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio C.B. Ferreira
- Stanford University, Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
- University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan Ferro-Novick
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Immunology and Genomics, Vigo, Spain
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- University of Padua, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy; Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Morphological Sciences Department, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Clinicas Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Università degli Studi Sapienza di Roma, SAIMLAL Department, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- NYU School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA; Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Departments of Pathology, Neurosurgery and Urology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Steven J. Fliesler
- State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Departments of Ophthalmology/Biochemistry and Neuroscience Program, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Trude H. Flo
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Molecular Inflammation Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Florance
- Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Tullio Florio
- University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Fodor
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carlo Follo
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and TraumaCenter, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward A. Fon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonella Forlino
- University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- University of Pisa, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fracassi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Fraldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Flavia Franconi
- Laboratory of Sex-gender Medicine, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lisa B. Frankel
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, RNA and Autophagy Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, Division of Liver Diseases, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gema Frühbeck
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Metabolic Research Laboratory, CIBEROBN, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Fuentes
- University of Extremadura, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Kyushu University, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naonobu Fujita
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Cell Biology Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujiwara
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Simone Fulda
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luc Furic
- Monash University, Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, VIC, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Norihiko Furuya
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Carmela Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- The University of Chicago, Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lidia Gaffke
- University of Gdansk, Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- New York University - Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Campus, Division of Science (Biology), Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Alessia Galasso
- University of Oxford, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria F. Galindo
- Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Facultad de Farmacia, Área Tecnología Farmacéutica, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Galy
- Sorbonne Université, Developmental Biology Laboratory, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS, UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Noor Gammoh
- University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boyi Gan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Feng Gao
- Fourth Military Medical University, School of Aerospace Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- Harbin Institute of Technology, the HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Gao
- South China University of Technology, School of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, GuangZhou, China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wentao Gao
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana Garcera
- Universitat de Lleida, Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Noé Garcia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica E. Garcia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Vega Garcia-Escudero
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Department of Histology, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Marina Garcia-Macia
- Universidad de Salamanca, Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB- CSIC); Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic i Provincial de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Abhishek D. Garg
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Tulane University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- University of Bonn, Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Neurohomeostasis Group, Bonn, Germany
| | - Damian Gatica
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liang Ge
- Tsinghua University, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhong Ge
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Women's Hospital,Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- University of Milano, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ian E. Gentle
- University Clinic Freiburg, Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg - Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Gerbino
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Gerhardt
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kyla Germain
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Cell Biology Department, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de Biologie Médicale, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Departments of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elham Ghasemipour Afshar
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Autophagy Research Center, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- University of Torino, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georgios Giamas
- University of Sussex, School of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, Brighton, UK
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Department of Pathology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gary E. Gibson
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Spencer B. Gibson
- University of Manitoba, Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- University of Ferrara, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Henrique Girao
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stephen E. Girardin
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mridhula Giridharan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, and Neuroscience Unit, Autophagy Laboratory, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandy Giuliano
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Nice, France
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- University of California, Davis and MIND Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Molecular Biosciences, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sylvie Giuriato
- INSERM, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR1037 CRCT, Toulouse, France; CNRS, ERL5294 CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Giustiniani
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1195, Hôpital Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 80 rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexander Gluschko
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veit Goder
- University of Seville, Department of Genetics, Seville, Spain
| | - Alexander Goginashvili
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; University of California San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jakub Golab
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Immunology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David C. Goldstone
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Oncology, NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Luciana R. Gomes
- Center of Toxins, Immune-response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) and Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular (LECC), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gomez
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rubén Gómez-Sánchez
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Gomez-Sintes
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Felix M. Goni
- University of the Basque Country, Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- University of León, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez
- University of La Laguna, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosa A. Gonzalez-Polo
- University of Extremadura, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose A. Gonzalez-Reyes
- University of Cordoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Ing Swie Goping
- University of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marina S. Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Kıvanç Görgülü
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Comprehensive Cancer Center München, München, Germany
| | - Roxana M. Gorojod
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- BC Cancer, Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (CSIC-IBVF), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Illana Gozes
- Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and KUTTAM Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin Graef
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
| | - Veronica Granatiero
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joshua P. Gray
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas R. Green
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Immunology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen L. Gregory
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Edward F. Griffin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederic Gros
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS UPR 3572 Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles Grose
- University of Iowa, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Florian Gruber
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Xueyan Gu
- Lanzhou University, School of Public Health, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carlos M. Guardia
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division (NCSBD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kishore Guda
- Case Western Reserve University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Flora Guerra
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Research Center Principe Felipe, Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Valencia, Spain
| | - Prasun Guha
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Guillén
- School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pathology, Biology, and Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anna Gukovskaya
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Gunst
- KU Leuven, Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Günther
- Justus-Liebig University, Department of Internal Medicine, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anyonya R. Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Guo
- The University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Science, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hongqing Guo
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ming Guo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Department of Molecular Biology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Swapnil Gupta
- University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Asa B. Gustafsson
- University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David D. Gutterman
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ranjitha H.B.
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, FMD VP Laboratory, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James E. Haber
- Brandeis University, Department of Biology and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- University of Gdansk, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Shinji Hadano
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anders J. Hafrén
- Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Belinda S. Hall
- University of Surrey, School of Bioscience and Medicine, Department of Microbial Sciences, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Biotherapeutics and Biomarkers, London, UK
| | - Anne Hamacher-Brady
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Hamann
- Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Maho Hamasaki
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Weidong Han
- Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis I. Hanson
- University of Michigan, Department of Biological Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zijian Hao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigil Haroon
- University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Harris
- Monash University, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Rheumatology Group, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wayne D. Hawkins
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce A. Hay
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Cole M. Haynes
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Soren B. Hayrabedyan
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction Acad. Kiril Bratanov, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas S. Hays
- University of Minnesota, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Congcong He
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qin He
- Sichuan University, West China School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasser Heakal
- D'Youville College, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alexander M. Heberle
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- National Institutes of Health, National Eye Institute, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Ophthalmic Molecular Genetics Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gudmundur Vignir Helgason
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vanessa Henkel
- Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marc Herb
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Agustín Hernández
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA), Fundación Miguel Servet, Biomedical Research Center of Navarre-Navarrabiomed, Immunomodulation Group, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Hernandez-Diaz
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Virginia Hernandez-Gea
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRA, UR1037 Laboratory of Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France; Hunan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Judit Herreros
- University of Lleida, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Javier H. Hervás
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, London, UK
- Universidad del País Vasco, Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudio Hetz
- University of Chile, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; University of Chile, Institute of Biomedical Science, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Kyushu University, Depatment of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Joseph A. Hill
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel A. Ho
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | - Idy H.T. Ho
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan Yun Ho
- National University of Singapore, Department of Physiology, Singapore
| | - G. Aaron Hobbs
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pharmacology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Yale University, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter H.M. Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Hofius
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Hofman
- University Côte d'Azur, FHU OncoAge, Department of Pathology, Nice, France
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carina I. Holmberg
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose R. Hombrebueno
- University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Lora V. Hooper
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medicine & Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- University of Cologne, Institute for Genetics and CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Yujin Hoshida
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Hsu
- National Chiao-Tung University, Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bing Hu
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Dong Hu
- Anhui University of Science and Technology, Department of Medical Immunology, Huainan, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Molecular Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Molecular Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Northwest A&F University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongmin Huan
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Canhua Huang
- Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Urology, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Huang
- University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Renal Research Lab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haishan Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, School of Pharmacy, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Michael L.H. Huang
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rui Huang
- Chongqing University, School of Medicine, Center for Neurointelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Xi'an, Shaan Xi, China
| | - Tianzhi Huang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology & Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxiang Jack Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Virginie Hubert
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian A. Hubner
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Thuringia, Germany
| | - Stephanie M. Hughes
- University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences and Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William E. Hughes
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magali Humbert
- University of Bern, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland; TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European network for multidisciplinary research and translation of autophagy knowledge, COST Action CA15138
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James H. Hurley
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sabah Hussain
- McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Salik Hussain
- West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Martina Hutabarat
- University of Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Yun Hwang
- Yonsei University, Department of Biotechnology, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungmin Hwang
- The University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA; present address: VIR Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Ieni
- University of Messina, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, Messina, Italy
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Kyushu University, Medical Institute of Bioregulation (MIB), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imagawa
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carol Imbriano
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Modena, Italy
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Juntendo University, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Division for Development of Autophagy Modulating Drugs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise M. Inman
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, North Texas Eye Research Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier E. Irazoqui
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Iribarren
- National University of Córdoba, Clinical Biochemistry Department, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mohd Ishaq
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Ishikawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Akita, Japan
| | - Nestor Ishimwe
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; South China University of Technology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Novara, Italy
| | - Nahed Ismail
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocentre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Neuroinflammation Unit, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Daisuke Ito
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Davor Ivankovic
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Saška Ivanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anand Krishnan V. Iyer
- Hampton University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - José M. Izquierdo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masanori Izumi
- RIKEN, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majid Sakhi Jabir
- University of Technology, Department of applied science, Division of Biotechnology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - William T. Jackson
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Unidad de Bioquimica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elise Jacquin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM ,UMR-S 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Arjen J. Jakobi
- Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Bionanoscience, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Jakobsson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bassam Janji
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) group, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- University Hospital of Regensburg, Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg , Germany
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alagie Jassey
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve Jean
- Université de Sherbrooke, Département d'immunologie et de biologie cellulaire, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine CAS, Department of Neuroregeneration, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Genetics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jia
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division (NCSBD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liwen Jiang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing First Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yu Jiang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Wonkwang Univesity, Department of Biological Sciences, Iksan, Chunbuk, Korea
| | - Fengyan Jin
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- ZhejiangUniversity, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Luqi Jin
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meiyan Jin
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Si Jin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liyuan hospital of Tongji Medical College, Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Carine Joffre
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Terje Johansen
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gail V.W. Johnson
- University of Rochester, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- University of Sheffield, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease and the Bateson Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Cell and Tissue Dynamics Programme and Electron Microscopy Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Indian Institute of Science, Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Leo A.B. Joosten
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquin Jordan
- Universidad Castilla La Mancha, Departmento Ciencias Medicas, Albacete, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Department of Biological Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeong-Sun Ju
- The University of Suwon, Department of Health Science, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Stony Brook University, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Isamel Cosío Villegas, Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Delphine Judith
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Research Group of Natural Material and Metabolism, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Ewha Womans University, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Keun Jung
- Seoul National University, School of Biological Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Children's Neuroscience Centre, London, UK; King's College London, Muscle Signalling Section, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Steffen Just
- University of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Allen Kaasik
- University Tartu, Department of Pharmacology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomohiro Kabuta
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- University Medical Center Gottingen, Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Alon Kahana
- University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renate Kain
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinjo Kajimura
- University of California, San Francisco UCSF Diabetes Center, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Kalamvoki
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - Ioanna Kalvari
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardioligy, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine 1, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Chanhee Kang
- Seoul National University, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rui Kang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sang Sun Kang
- Chungbuk National University, Department of Biology Education, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | | | - Tomotake Kanki
- Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marc Kantorow
- Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | | | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Md. Razaul Karim
- University of Minnesota, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Jadavpur University, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh G. Katare
- University of Otago, Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Masaru Kato
- Hokkaido University, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Anu Kauppinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gur P. Kaushal
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Kawasaki
- Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Chang Gung University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Damien J. Keating
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ursula Keber
- Philipps University and University Hospital of Marburg, Department of Neuropathology, Marburg, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kate E. Keller
- Oregon Health & Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christian W. Keller
- University of Münster, University Hospital, Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Münster, Germany
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Candia M. Kenific
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, France
| | | | - Andreas Kern
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin Ketteler
- University College London, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, London, UK
| | - Tom G. Keulers
- Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy, Maastricht|, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Khalfin
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hany Khalil
- University of Sadat City, Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Bilon Khambu
- Indiana University-Purdue University (IUPUI), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shahid Y. Khan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rekha Khandia
- Barkatullah University, Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Bhopal, India
| | - Widuri Kho
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noopur V. Khobrekar
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sataree Khuansuwan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University Hospital Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Samuel A. Killackey
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dasol Kim
- Yonsei University, Department of Biotechnology, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institude of Health Sciences, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Konkuk University, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hak-Rim Kim
- Dankook University, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cell Factory Research Center, Daejeon, Korea; University of Science and Technology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Ophthalmology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Konkuk University, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungmok Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kim
- Dankook University, College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Keun Il Kim
- Sookmyung Women's University, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peter K. Kim
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Cell Biology Department, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alec C. Kimmelman
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Center for Rare Disease Research, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kerri J. Kinghorn
- University College London, Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, London, UK
| | - Conan G. Kinsey
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research London, Sutton, UK
| | - Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sergey L. Kiselev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Department of Epigenetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shuji Kishi
- S&J Kishi Research Corporation, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kitaoka
- St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Nagasaki University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Clinical Research Pharmacy, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Richard N. Kitsis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Josef T. Kittler
- University College London, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Ole Kjaerulff
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter S. Klein
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Molecular Neurology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helene Knævelsrud
- University of Oslo, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montebello, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Montebello, Norway
| | - Roland L. Knorr
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ben C.B. Ko
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fred Ko
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Hotaka Kobayashi
- The University of Tokyo, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Laboratory of RNA Function, Tokyo, Japan; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Ina Koch
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan C. Koch
- University Medicine Göttingen, Clinic for Neurology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koenig
- University Hospital Münster (UKM), Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Neuroscience Center, Experimental Neurosurgery, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Masato Koike
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sepp D. Kohlwein
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nur M. Kocaturk
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeannette König
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Toru Kono
- Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Advanced Surgery Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Benjamin T. Kopp
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Gözde Korkmaz
- Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and KUTTAM Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Newcastle University, Ageing Research Laboratories, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mónica Suárez Korsnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Trondheim, Norway; Korsnes Biocomputing (KoBio), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ali Koskela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janaiah Kota
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Monica L. Kotler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanjun Kou
- China National Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou. China
| | - Michael I. Koukourakis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Athens, Greece
| | - Attila L. Kovacs
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Kanazawa Medical University, Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Uchinadacho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kozako
- Fukuoka University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Claudine Kraft
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helmut Krämer
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna D. Krasnodembskaya
- Queen's University of Belfast, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Carole Kretz-Remy
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Paris, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Pôle de Biologie, Paris, France; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Women's and Children's Health,
| | | | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sabine Kuenen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Kukar
- Emory University, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar
- PK-PD-Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- University of Houston, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI) and North Carolina Central University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cellular Immunology Group, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shinji Kume
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chanakya N. Kundu
- Kalinga institute of industrial technology (KIIT-DU), School of Biotechnology, Campus 11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mondira Kundu
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Computer Science, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - SeongAe Kwak
- Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Zoonosis Research Center, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Yonsei University, Department of Biotechnology, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Irene Kyrmizi
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Albert La Spada
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Sylvain Ladoire
- University of Burgundy, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Department of Medical Oncology, Dijon, France
| | - Ilaria Laface
- University of Ferrara, Department of Translational Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Frank Lafont
- Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Diane C. Lagace
- University of Ottawa, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikramjit Lahiri
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhibing Lai
- Huazhong Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Wuhan, China
| | - Angela S. Laird
- Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- University of California, San Francisco Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trond Lamark
- University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sheng-Hui Lan
- National Yang-Ming University, Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ane Landajuela
- Yale University, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Darius J. R. Lane
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon D. Lane
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charles H. Lang
- Penn State College Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Carsten Lange
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ülo Langel
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rupert Langer
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Linz, Austria
| | - Pierre Lapaquette
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, Cnrs UMR7104, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilson Chun Yu Lau
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon W. Laurie
- University of Virginia, Department of Cell Biology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- University of Chile, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- Macau University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Helen Ka-wai Law
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hunghom, Hong Kong
| | - Rob Layfield
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Weidong Le
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Provincial Hospital, Medical School of UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Herve Le Stunff
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI)-CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay France
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- McGill University Health Center, Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lionel Y.W. Leck
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McGill University, Department of Critical Care and Division of Experimental Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada; UQAM, Faculté des Sciences, Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Montréal, Canada
| | - Changwook Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chung-Pei Lee
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward B. Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- KAIST, Department of Biological Sciences, Daejon, Korea
| | - He-Jin Lee
- Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jason S. Lee
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Hannam University, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Chungnam National University, Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Incheon National University, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Lee
- Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stella Y. Lee
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- DGIST, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won Hee Lee
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Translational Medicine Research Center, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yong-ho Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngil Lee
- University of West Florida, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Christophe Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 1035 CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), INSERM U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Renaud Legouis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, 1035 CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), INSERM U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yu L. Lei
- University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sergey Leikin
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; Medical University of Graz, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Leticia Lemus
- University of Seville, Department of Genetics, Seville, Spain
| | - Shuilong Leng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Guido Lenz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Center of Biotechnology and Department of Biophysics, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Lenzi
- University of Pisa, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yolanda León
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andréia M. Leopoldino
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christoph Leschczyk
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Infections, Division Cellular Microbiology, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stina Leskelä
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- University of Luxembourg, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Chi-Ting Leung
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Sing Leung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy S. Leventhal
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Royal Veterinary College, London, UK; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, London, UK
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology and University of California San Diego, Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Qiang Li
- Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Department of Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jiong Li
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, State key laboratory of biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwu Li
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mei Li
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Pediatric Research, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Jinan University, College of Life Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Fudan University, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng Li
- South China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiangang Li
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Stanford University, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Army Medical University, Department of Bichemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyu Liang
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Weicheng Liang
- Sun Yat-sen University, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Vaccine Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongheng Liang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing , China
| | - YongTian Liang
- Free University of Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guanghong Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujian Liao
- East China Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- Northwest A&F University, College of Life Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pearl P. Y. Lie
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Mary A. Lilly
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyunjung J. Lim
- Konkuk University, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thania R.R. Lima
- São Paulo State University, Botucatu Medical School, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Federica Limana
- San Raffaele Open University and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Laboratorio di Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - Chao Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing, China
| | - Chih-Wen Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; I-Shou University, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Shong Lin
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, Department of Medicine, New Taipei,Taiwan
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treatments to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University, Institute of Biotechnology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiandie D. Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt M. Lin
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Liver Research Center, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hui Lin
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofeng Lin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Wenyu Lin
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit/Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yao-Xin Lin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Biofisica da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Lindner
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- National University of Singapore, Department of Physiology, Singapore
| | - Paul Lingor
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, Singapore
| | - Marta M. Lipinski
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saška Lipovšek
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia; Medical University of Graz, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Graz, Austria
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- University of Iowa, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Health and Human Physiology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Natalia Lisiak
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paloma B. Liton
- Duke University, Department of Ophthalmology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Institute of Microbiology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Nankai University, Department of Microbiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-feng Liu
- Guangdong Medical University, Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Central South University, School of Life Sciences, Molecular Biology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Julia Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Leyuan Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Liu
- Columbia University, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wende Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Zhejiang University, Biotechnology Institute, State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuedong Liu
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Biochemistry, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yanfen Liu
- ShanghaiTech University, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Saarland University, Department of Neurology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang, China
| | - Yule Liu
- Tsinghua Unversity, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J. Andrew Livingston
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gerard Lizard
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team ’Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism (EA7270)/Inserm, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, Dijon, France
| | - Jose M. Lizcano
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Departament of Biochemistry and Institut Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - David Llobet-Navàs
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Oncobell Program. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damián Lobato-Márquez
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, London, UK
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chau Long
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Singapore
| | - Ben Loos
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Julia A. Loos
- University of Mar del Plata, Department of Biology and Chemestry, Mar del Plata, BA, Argentina
| | - Manuela G. López
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana T. López-Jiménez
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, London, UK
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS, Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain; Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2, IIS, Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel López-Valero
- Complutense University, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena J. Lorenowicz
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Lorente
- Complutense University, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Lorincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Lossi
- University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Inserm-UMR1149, Paris, France
| | - Penny E. Lovat
- Newcastle University, Institute of Translation and Clinical Studies, Precision Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Alenka Lovy
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology and Geroscience for Brain, Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Guang Lu
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Singapore
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - John M. Lucocq
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Duke Center for Virology, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Morten Luhr
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diego Luis-Ravelo
- University of La Laguna, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Julian J. Lum
- BC Cancer, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada; University of Victoria, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Liany Luna-Dulcey
- Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Gerontology, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anders H. Lund
- University of Copenhagen, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor K. Lund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Neuroscience, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan D. Lünemann
- University of Münster, University Hospital, Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Honglin Luo
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rongcan Luo
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Plymouth University, Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Zhi Luo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Wuhan, China
| | - Claudio Luparello
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical School, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- International Clinical Research Center, St'Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Siberia, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alf Håkon Lystad
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Justus Liebig University, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Departement of Ophthalmology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alvin C. Ma
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Normal University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxiao Ma
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Guangzhou Medical University, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yueyun Ma
- Air Force Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- Tianjin Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin, China
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology. Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo C. MacIntosh
- Iowa State University, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Kay F. Macleod
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sandra Maday
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Madeo
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, BioHealth, Graz, Austria
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tobias Madl
- Medical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graz, Austria
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Aging Studies, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Akiko Maeda
- RIKEN, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maejima
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Magarinos
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Justus-Liebig University, Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Part overlaps with Costanza Montagna: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Panchanan Maiti
- Central Michigan University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Majello
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael B. Major
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elena Makareeva
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fayaz Malik
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Singapore; National University of Singapore, NUHS Centre for Healthy Ageing, Singapore
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Najiba Mammadova
- Iowa State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gene Chi Wai Man
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, New Territories, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Federico Manai
- University of Pavia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joseph D. Mancias
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Autophagy, Inflamamtion and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University & IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
| | - Masoud H. Manjili
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Patricio Manque
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Raquel Manzano
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Mao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Marconi
- Presidio San Paolo Polo Universitario, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute San Paolo, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- University of Milan, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mardente
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga A. Mareninova
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marta Margeta
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Muriel Mari
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Marinelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Monterotondo scalo (RM), Italy
| | | | - Guillermo Mariño
- University of Oviedo, Principality of Asturias Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Functional Biology, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sofia Mariotto
- University of Verona, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biological Chemistry Section, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard S. Marshall
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark R. Marten
- UMBC, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sascha Martens
- University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandre P.J. Martin
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie R. Martin
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sara Martin
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Shaun Martin
- KU Leuven, Department of cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of cellular transport systems, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrián Martín-Segura
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Department of Biotechnology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martin-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Paloma Martin-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wim Martinet
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aitor Martinez
- University of Cambridge, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Moises Martinez Velazquez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, AC, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | | | - Daniel O. Martins
- University of São Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waleska K. Martins
- Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-graduação Stricto sensu e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Martins-Marques
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Shashank Masaldan
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Masclaux-Daubresse
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Department of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Valentina Massa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Milano, Italy
| | - Lourdes Massieu
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, División de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Masuelli
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoliy I. Masyuk
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tetyana V. Masyuk
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for gender-specific medicine, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ander Matheu
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, group of Cellular Oncology; IKERBASQUE; CIBERfes, Spain
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Matsuzaki
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pamela Mattar
- University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandro Matte
- University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata-Verona, Department of Medicine, Verona; Italy
| | - Domenico Mattoscio
- University of Chieti-Pescara, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Science, Chieti, Italy
| | - José L. Mauriz
- University of León, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Mario Mauthe
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mauvezin
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- University of California, Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paola Maycotte
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Johanna Mayer
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph R. Mazzulli
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nami McCarty
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Disease, Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell R. McGill
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- University College Cork, Department of Cancer Research, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Thomas G. McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- PSL Research University, Equipe labelisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, Inserm, U830, Stress and Cancer laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Tania Catarina Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diego L. Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and University of Ottawa, Department of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Klara Megyeri
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jawahar L. Mehta
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alfred J. Meijer
- University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H. Meijer
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands; The City University of New York, Queens College, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, Department of Biology, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Jakob Mejlvang
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Research Group, Tromso, Norway
| | | | - Annette Melk
- Childrens' Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gonen Memisoglu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandrina F. Mendes
- University of Coimbra, Portugal, CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Delong Meng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Biology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fei Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rubem Menna-Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Manoj B. Menon
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Carol Mercer
- University of Cincinnati, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anne E. Mercier
- University of Pretoria, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- University of Turin, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Seth D. Merkley
- University of New Mexico, Clinical and Translational Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Volker Meske
- Carité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Institut für Integrative Neuroanatomie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Cecilia Mestre
- Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Women's Hospital, Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Essen, Germany
| | - Wenyi Mi
- Tianjin Medical University, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- INSERM Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Junying Miao
- Shandong University, School of Life Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lucia Micale
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Poliambulatorio Giovanni Paolo II, Division of Medical Genetics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki, Japan; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, London, UK
| | - Enrico Milan
- Ospedale San Raffaele and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Milczarek
- National Medicines Institute, Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dana L. Miller
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel I. Miller
- University of Washington, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Steven W. Millward
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ira Milosevic
- European Neuroscience Institute (ENI) - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena A. Minina
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Uppsala, Sweden; Heidelberg University, Center for Organismal Studies, Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Disease, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nandita Mishra
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, School of Biotechnology, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Paras Kumar Mishra
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maja Misirkic Marjanovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Amit Misra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Gabriella Misso
- University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Department of Precision Medicine, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem scarl, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
- University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Department of Precision Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Claire Mitchell
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Sapporo Medical University, Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pharmacology, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mitsunori Miyazaki
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Tokyo Medical University, Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Baharia Mograbi
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abhishek Mohanty
- MVR Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology, Cancer Genomics/Proteomics, Kerala, India
| | - Sipra Mohapatra
- Ehime University, Department of Aquatic Life Sciences, Ainan, Ehime, Japan
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- University of Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Moles
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish Research Council (IIBB-CSIC); IDIBAPS and CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelle H. Moley
- Washington University in St. Louis, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Department of Health Sciences, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andreas Buch Møller
- Aarhus University Hospital, Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, CNRS, LBMC, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Madrid, Spain
| | - Costanza Montagna
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen,Denmark; UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Mervyn J. Monteiro
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Montella
- Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sassari, Italy
| | - L. Ruth Montes
- University of the Basque Country, Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leioa, Spain
| | - Barbara Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vinod K. Mony
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael N. Moore
- University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth, UK; University of Plymouth, School of Biological & Marine Sciences, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mohammad A. Moosavi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana L. Mora
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Aging Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marina Mora
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Performance, Oslo, Norway
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Paula I. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal and CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Morelli
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- University Roma Tre, Department of Science, LIME, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Moreno-Blas
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Department of Neurodevelopment and Physiology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, Histology & Medical Embryology Section, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Alwena H. Morgan
- Swansea University Medical School, Molecular Neurobiology group, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, DC2N, Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Orson L. Moritz
- University of British Columbia, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mariko Moriyama
- Kindai University, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Moriyasu
- Saitama University, Department of Regulatory Biology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Department of Neurology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Rockefeller University Campus, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Mostowy
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Department of Infection Biology, London, UK
| | - Elisa Motori
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Felinto Moura
- Federal University of Ceara, Drug Research and Development Center, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Texas Tech University, Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maria Mrakovcic
- University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
| | - Gabriel Muciño-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National AIDS Research Institute, Division of Molecular Virology, Pune, MH, India
| | - Subhadip Mukhopadhyay
- New York University Medical School, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean M. Mulcahy Levy
- University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Aurora, CO
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS Biotechnology and cell signaling, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University/Laboratory of excellence Medalis; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Münch
- Goethe University, Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Barkatullah University, Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, Bhopal, India
| | - Pura Munoz-Canoves
- ICREA, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Ciberned, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano
- National Hospital for Paraplagics (Sescam) Research Unit, Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Toledo, Spain
| | - Christian Münz
- University of Zürich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Viral Immunobiology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomokazu Murakawa
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Brona M. Murphy
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J. Patrick Murphy
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Genentech, Inc. Department of Cancer Immunology, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timo T. Myöhänen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Iran
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- University of Camerino, School of Pharmacy, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Péter Nagy
- Cornell University, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Central Laboratory of Hematology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease and University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shyam S. Nandi
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Meera Nanjundan
- University of South Florida, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Monica Nanni
- “Sapienza” University of Rome, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Nardacci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Masashi Narita
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Nassif
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ilana Nathan
- Soroka University Medical Center, Institute of Hematology and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Manabu Natsumeda
- Niigata University, Brain Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryno J. Naude
- Nelson Mandela University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Hematology Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fatemeh Navid
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Pediatric Translational Research Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Taras Y. Nazarko
- Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francesca Nazio
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Florentina Negoita
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
- University of Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Neill
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L. Neisch
- University of Minnesota, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luca M. Neri
- University of Ferrara, Department of Translational Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Neubert
- University Hospital of Regensburg, Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg , Germany
| | - Thomas P. Neufeld
- University of Minnesota, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pathology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Neutzner
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Ocular Pharmacology and Physiology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Phillip T. Newton
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Charlene C.W. Ng
- King's College London GKT School of Medical Education, London, UK
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang T. T. Nguyen
- University of Clermont Auvergne, M2iSH (Microbes, Intestine, Inflammation and Susceptibility of the Host), UMR 1071 Inserm, INRA USC 2018, CRNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- The University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Renal Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- University of Kansas Medical Center. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Thereapeutics, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Clíona Ní Cheallaigh
- Trinity College Dublin, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Daping Hospital, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Chongqing, China
| | - M. Celeste Nicolao
- University of Mar del Plata, Department of Biology and Chemestry, Mar del Plata, BA, Argentina
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuel Nieto-Diaz
- National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Research Unit, Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Toledo, Spain
| | - Per Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shunbin Ning
- East Tennessee State University, Quillen College of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Rituraj Niranjan
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Center, Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Puducherry, India
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- University of Extremadura, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- New York University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, and the Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Clevio Nobrega
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research, Faro, Portugal
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Uxía Nogueira-Recalde
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Trevor M. Nolan
- Duke University, Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Elche, Spain
| | - Ivana Novak
- University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Immunology and Genomics, Vigo, Spain
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Kyoto University, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Unit for Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Seónadh M. O’Leary
- Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary P. O’Sullivan
- Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy E. O’Sullivan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ina Oehme
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michinaga Ogawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Bacteriology I, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Ogier-Denis
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Team Gut Inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Paris, France
| | | | - Besim Ogretmen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Ewha Womans University, Department of Life Science, Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- Chosun University, School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Takashi Ohama
- Yamaguchi University, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Hyogo College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Rani Ojha
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, CA, USA
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Osaka University, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masahide Oku
- Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kameoka, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sara Oliván
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - James A. Olzmann
- University of California, Berkeley, Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shakib Omari
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Rutgers University, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gizem Önal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin Ondrej
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Radiobiology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sang-Bing Ong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine (CCGM), Shatin, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Xiamen University, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Institute for Translational Medicine, Xiamen, China; Chinese
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Onnis
- University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Juan A. Orellana
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Neurología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Orellana-Muñoz
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
- Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Elche, Spain
| | - Xilma R. Ortiz-Gonzalez
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Ortona
- Center for gender-specific medicine, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Heinz D. Osiewacz
- Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Rosario Osta
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging and Department of Botany, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kinya Otsu
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Jing-hsiung James Ou
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Newcastle University, The Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Inger Oynebraten
- Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunology Lab, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melek Ozturk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gilles Pagès
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7284, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Nice, France
| | - Susanta Pahari
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marta Pajares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rituraj Pal
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simona Paladino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Michela Palmieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Palumbo
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lifeng Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjun Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of GuangDong Medical University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenliang Pan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Pan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ganna Panasyuk
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rahul Pandey
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Applied Genomics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Udai B. Pandey
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- University of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University of Zürich, Schlieren Campus, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shirley Y. Pang
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elisa Panzarini
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela L. Papademetrio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Papinski
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Diana Papp
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Department of Gut, Microbes and Health, Norwich, UK
| | - Eun Chan Park
- Waksman Institute, Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Dong-A University Medical School, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jong-In Park
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Biochemistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Incheon National University, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Yonsei University, Division of Biological Science and Technology, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Chonnam National University, The Future Life & Society Research Center, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Chonbuk National University, Department of VeterinaryMedicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Abraham H. Parola
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Department of Chemistry, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jan B. Parys
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrien Pasquier
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - João F. Passos
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Hemal H. Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare Systems and University of California, San Diego, Department of Anesthesiology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Patschan
- Internal Medicine 1, Brandenburg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Pattingre
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Laboratory, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jose Pedraza-Chaverri
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Universidad de Chile, School of Medicine, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gang Pei
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insitute of Immunology, Greifswald - Insel Riem, Germany
| | - Jianming Pei
- The Fourth Military Medical University, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hadas Peled-Zehavi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joaquín M. Pellegrini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joffrey Pelletier
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Peñalva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Di Peng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurology, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Fabio Penna
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Fondazione G. Pascale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Cláudia MF Pereira
- University of Coimbra, CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Faculty of Medicine & CIBB – Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gustavo J.S. Pereira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Departament of Pharmacology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian C. Pereira
- São Paulo State University, College of Agronomy Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- University of Coimbra, Portugal, CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology & Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nirma D. Perera
- University of Melbourne, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ángel Pérez-Lara
- University of Granada, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana B. Perez-Oliva
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Perrotta
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), Rende (CS), Calabria, Italy
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA; Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, USA
| | - Morten Petersen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Petrache
- National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Goran Petrovski
- University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital and Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Astrid S. Pfister
- Ulm University, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Washington University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Third Military Medical University, Department of Occupational Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alicia M. Pickrell
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sandy Picot
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Giovanna M. Pierantoni
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Pierdominici
- Center for gender-specific medicine, Italian National Health Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Valérie Pierrefite-Carle
- Université Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CEA/DRF/Institut Frédéric Joliot, Faculté de Médecine, UMR E-4320 TIRO-MATOs, Nice, France
| | | | - Federico Pietrocola
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Claudio Pignata
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Felipe X. Pimentel-Muiños
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, Salamanca. Spain
| | - Mario Pinar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberta O. Pinheiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Leprosy Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski
- Tel Aviv University, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paolo Pinton
- University of Ferrara, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sujan Piya
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Leukemia, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola Pizzo
- University of Padua, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy; Italian National Research Council (CNR), Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Harald W. Platta
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Medizinische Fakultät, Biochemie Intrazellulärer Transportprozesse, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Markus Plomann
- University of Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- Moscow State University, A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Laboratory of Structure and function of mitochondria, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ryszard Pluta
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roger Pocock
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Monash University, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Georg-August University Göttingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Pohl
- Buchmann Institute & Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 Inserm-university of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro di Eccellenza per lo studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Milano, Italy
| | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Mahidol University, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hana Popelka
- University of Michigan, Life Sciences Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helena Porta
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Institute of Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Biology Department, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Soledad Porte Alcon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Post
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malia B. Potts
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joanna Poulton
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted Powers
- University of California, Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Veena Prahlad
- University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tomasz K. Prajsnar
- Jagiellonian University, Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Temple University, Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosaria Prencipe
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Muriel Priault
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vasilis J. Promponas
- University of Cyprus, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christopher G. Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Dalhousie University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | - Rajat Puri
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Sanofi, Biologics Research, 49 New York Ave, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- University of Waterloo, Department of Kinesiology, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Rabinowich
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Debora Ragona
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Nader Rahimi
- Boston University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valeria Raia
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Namakkal-Soorappan Rajasekaran
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Departments of Ophthalmology/Biochemistry and Neuroscience Program, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Institute of Anatomy III- 'Cellular and Molecular Anatomy', Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - David B. Ramsden
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Felix Randow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Danilo Ranieri
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Hai Rao
- School of Medicine, the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rekha Rao
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sumit Rathore
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - J. Arjuna Ratnayaka
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UK
| | - Edward A. Ratovitski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gloria Ravegnini
- University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division,l and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vito Rebecca
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Reigada
- National Hospital for Paraplagics (Sescam) Research Unit, Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jan H. Reiling
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Institute for Applied Cancer Science (IACS), Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theo Rein
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- University of Vienna, Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research (CIUS), Vienna, Austria
| | - Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Wright State University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dayton, OH. USA
| | - Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Weichao Ren
- Qingdao Agricultural University, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | | | - Giorgia Renga
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Perugia, Italy
| | - Karen Reue
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim Rewitz
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Romeo Ricci
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Victoria Riccio
- Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Cell Biology Department, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Biochemistry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Des R. Richardson
- University of Sydney, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasuko Rikihisa
- The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth M. Risueño
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Democritus University of Thrace, First Department of Internal Medicine & Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- University of Padua, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua, Italy
| | - Helen C. Roberts
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, London, UK
| | - Luke D. Roberts
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Katherine J. Robinson
- Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Carmela Roccheri
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stephane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | - George G. Rodney
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amaia Rodriguez
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Metabolic Research Laboratory, CIBEROBN, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco
- University of Barcelona, School of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain; L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge -IDIBELL, Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (oncobell), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodriguez-Henche
- University of Alcalá, Deparment of Systems Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, School of Medicine, Department of Histology, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jeroen Roelofs
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robert S. Rogers
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Department of Basic Science, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Rogov
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana I. Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanina Romanello
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Catania, Italy
| | - Patricia S. Romano
- CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - David Romeo-Guitart
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), Team 8, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne-Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Luis C. Romero
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (CSIC-IBVF), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Romero
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquimica i Biomedicina Molecular, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph C. Roney
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Rongo
- Waksman Institute, Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sante Roperto
- Naples University, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, SH, Germany
| | | | - Kevin A. Roth
- Columbia University, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Roth
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Roth
- University of Illinois, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasper M.A. Rouschop
- Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy, Maastricht|, The Netherlands
| | - Benoit D. Roussel
- Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Institute Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie (BB@C), GIP Cyceron, Caen, FRANCE
| | - Sophie Roux
- University of Sherbrooke, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University & IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
| | - Ajit Roy
- Section on Eukaryotic DNA Replication, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Aurore Rozieres
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Diego Ruano
- University of Seville. School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla. Sevilla, Spain
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria P. Rubtsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Klaus Ruckdeschel
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Emil Rudolf
- Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessandra Ruggieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neuromuscular Disease and Immunology Unit, Milan, Italy; University of Brescia, Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Avnika Ashok Ruparelia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro di Eccellenza per lo studio delle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Milano, Italy
| | - Ryan R. Russell
- University of Ottawa, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- University of Calabria, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Oxana O. Ryabaya
- N.N. Blokhin National medical research center of oncology, Department of biomarkers and mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- University of Seoul, Department of Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maria Sabater-Arcis
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ulka Sachdev
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Sacher
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carsten Sachse
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/StructuralBiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sadhu
- Saitama University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama, Japan
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nathaniel Safren
- University of Michigan, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul Saftig
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Biochemical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Gaurav Sahay
- Oregon State University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- University of South Carolina, Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sumit Sahni
- University of Sydney, Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nayuta Saito
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Tsunenori Saito
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryohei Sakai
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kalle Saksela
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Virology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Florida State University, Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Research Group in Critical Disorders (GREPAC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ghasem H. Salekdeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Department of Systems Biology, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ashok K. Saluja
- University of Miami, Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- University of Minho, School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Cecilia Sanchez
- National University of Córdoba, Clinical Biochemistry Department, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jose A. Sanchez-Alcazar
- CABD/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- University of Malaga, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Malaga, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Imperial College London, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease & Virology, London, UK
| | | | - Marco Sandri
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Weill-Cornell, Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magda M. Santana
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, IIIUC - Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- University of Camerino, School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alberto Sanz
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shweta Saran
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, School of Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J. Sargeant
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Apurva Sarin
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Health Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Innate Immunity Group, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- University of Delhi South Campus, Department of Genetics, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipanka Tanu Sarmah
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Complex Analysis Group, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | - Ranganayaki Sathyanarayanan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Department of Neurochemistry, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Matthew Scaglione
- Duke University, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Liliana Schaefer
- Goethe University, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Zachary T. Schafer
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN ,USA
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Infections, Division Cellular Microbiology, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anthony H.V. Schapira
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, London, UK
| | - Michael Scharl
- University Hospital and University of Zürich, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hermann M. Schatzl
- University of Calgary, Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine H. Schein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Human Infection and Immunity (IHII), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers location VUmc, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Scheuring
- University of Kaiserslautern, Phytopathology, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, CRO-IRCCS, Molecular Oncology Unit, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Medical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz research center, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- University Grenoble Alpes and Inserm U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Institute for Cell Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Molecular Immunology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eran Schmukler
- Tel Aviv University, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bianca E. Schneider
- Reseach Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Research Area Infections, Junior Research Group Coinfection, Borstel, Germany
| | - Romana Schober
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Biophysics, Linz, Austria
| | - Alejandra C. Schoijet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, Laboratorio de Señalización y Mecanismos Adaptativos en Tripanosomátidos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Héctor N. Torres, Laboratorio de señalización y mecanismos adaptativos en Tripanosomátidos, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micah B. Schott
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Schramm
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schuh
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Vegetative Physiology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schüller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryan J. Schulze
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lea Schürmanns
- Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Schwarten
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Jülich, Germany
| | - Filippo Scialo
- University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen W. Scotto
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, New Brunswick , NJ, USA
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Scrima
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Institute for Aging Studies, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Sebastian
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salwa Sebti
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Cardiology, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Segatori
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nava Segev
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Per O. Seglen
- University of Oslo, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Oslo, Norway
| | - Iban Seiliez
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, UMR1419 Nutrition Métabolisme et Aquaculture, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott B. Selleck
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael Sendtner
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serif Senturk
- Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elena Seranova
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Consolato Sergi
- University of Alberta, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ruth Serra-Moreno
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Microbiology and Immunology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ou Sha
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - John J. Shacka
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Javeed A. Shah
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dantong Shang
- Wuhan University, Hubei Key laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Sharkey
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Neurology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timar Pur, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Thomas Jefferson University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island-Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Pediatrics, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- University of Macau, Faculty of Health Sciences, Macau, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jiangang Shen
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheni Shen
- Total Toxicology Labs, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Rui Sheng
- Soochow University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sheng
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianjian Shi
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Van Andel Institute, Center for Epigenetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- National Chung-Hsing University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Division of Gene Therapy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takahiro Shintani
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai, Japan
| | - Christopher J. Shoemaker
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Kobe, Japan
| | - Bhupendra V. Shravage
- MACS - Agharkar Research Institute, Developmental Biology Group, Pune, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- National Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shui
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education,Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arvind K. Shukla
- National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valentina Sica
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia Sierra-Torre
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Payel Sil
- National Institutes of Health, NIEHS, RTP, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno J. de Andrade Silva
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johnatas D. Silva
- Queen's University of Belfast, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Eduardo Silva-Pavez
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, and Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rachel E. Simmonds
- University of Surrey, School of Bioscience and Medicine, Department of Microbial Sciences, Stag Hill Campus, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- University of Bern, Institute of Pharmacology, Bern, Switzerland; Sechenov University, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matias Simons
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Anurag Singh
- Boston University School of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lalit P. Singh
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shrawan K. Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Department of Urology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudha B. Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sunaina Singh
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, and Neuroscience Unit, Autophagy Laboratory, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Surinder Pal Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasish Sinha
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology, and Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangita Sinha
- North Dakota State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Agnieszka Sirko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- National Jewish Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Efthimios L. Sivridis
- Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Department of Pathology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Democritus University of Thrace, First Department of Internal Medicine & Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soraya S. Smaili
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Departament of Pharmacology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Washington State University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Eun Jung Sohn
- Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Sophia P. M. Sok
- University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences (Genetics), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thierry Soldati
- University of Geneva, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Switzerland
| | | | - Rosa M. Soler
- Universitat de Lleida, Department of Experimental Medicine, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Avinash Sonawane
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Fuyong Song
- Shandong University, School of public health, Department of Toxicology and nutrition. Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Korea University, Department of Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China; Hong Kong Baptist University, School of Chinese Medicine, Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kunhua Song
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Leandro R. Soria
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander A. Soukas
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra-Fausia Soukup
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives (IMN), CNRS UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diana Sousa
- Universidade do Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Porto, Portugal; FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Department of Biological Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nadia Sousa
- Johannes Gutenberg University-Mainz, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stephen A. Spector
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M. M. Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru-560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Daret St. Clair
- University of Kentucky, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Venturina Stagni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Rome, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Clint A. Stalnecker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Metodi V. Stankov
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter B. Stathopulos
- University of Western Ontario, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katja Stefan
- University of Oslo, Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven Marcel Stefan
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Oslo, Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Oslo, Norway
- University of Bonn, Department of Pharmaceutical & Cellbiological Chemistry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Neurology, Athens, Greece
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Craig Stevens
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronika Stoka
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stephan Storch
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Children's Hospital, University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Anne Marie Strohecker
- The Ohio State University, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dwayne G. Stupack
- University of California San Diego, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huanxing Su
- University of Macau, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ling-Yan Su
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ana M. Suarez-Fontes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, LITEB/IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos S. Subauste
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School and Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Paula V. Subirada
- National University of Córdoba, Clinical Biochemistry Department, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Kolling Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards NSW, Australia
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Hangzhou Normal University, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Corey Summers
- Iowa State University, Department of Kinesiology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Guangchao Sun
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kang Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-xiang Sun
- Wuhan University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Physiology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karen K.S. Sunahara
- Experimental Physiopathology, Department of Sciences/Experimental Physiopatholgy, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katalin Susztak
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- University of Missouri, Division of Animal Science and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gary Sweeney
- York University, Department of Biology, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. David Symons
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes; Investigator, Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Baptist University, Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Anna Tabęcka-Łonczynska
- University of Rzeszow, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Tacke
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Tafani
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Experimental Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Mitsuo Tagaya
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Hachioji, Horinouchi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haoran Tai
- Chengdu Medical College, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Szabolcs Takats
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Priti Talwar
- VIT University, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chit Tam
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shing Yau Tam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hunghom, Hong Kong
| | - Davide Tampellini
- Inserm Unit 1195 - University of Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chong Teik Tan
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daolin Tang
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Hubei University of Technology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Isei Tanida
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed Taouis
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI)-CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay France
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- University Medicine Goettingen, Neurology, Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Allen Taylor
- Tufts University, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Duke University, Department of Medicine; Duke University, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan M. Taylor
- University of North Carolina, Department of Pathology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elena Tchetina
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Tee
- Cardiff University, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Heath Park Way, Cardiff, UK
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Goethe-University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Teis
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Institute for Cell Biology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natercia Teixeira
- University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fatima Teixeira-Clerc
- INSERM U955, Team “Virus Hepatology Cancers”, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Kumsal A. Tekirdag
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- iNOVA4Health Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- University of Liverpool, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department for Neuroscience, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefano Thellung
- University of Genova, Department of Internal Medicine, Genova, Italy
| | - Josephine W. Thinwa
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - V.P. Thirumalaikumar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas Thum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Molecular and Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Thumm
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ling Tian
- South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ales Tichy
- University of Defense, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Radiobiology, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Till
- University Hospital of Bonn, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Sokol V. Todi
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Krassimira Todorova
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction Acad. Kiril Bratanov, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Janne M. Toivonen
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- University of Oviedo, Department of Functional Biology, Physiology, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sergej Tomić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Chao Tong
- Zhejiang University, Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, London, UK
| | - Maria L. Torgersen
- Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satoru Torii
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alicia Torriglia
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Christina G. Towers
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roberto Towns
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Donatella Tramontano
- University Federico II of Naples, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples, Italy
| | - Quynh-Giao Tran
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cell Factory Research Center, Daejeon, Korea; University of Science and Technology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Leonardo H. Travassos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Immunobiology Program, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Charles B. Trelford
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gemma Triola
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry; Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBER-EHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Betty P. Tsao
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- University of Bern, Institute of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- University of Hong Kong, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak Fu Tse
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Tokai University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Department of Neurology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A. Tumbarello
- University of Southampton , Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Yasin Tumtas
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - María J. Tuñón
- University of León, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Sandra Turcotte
- Universite de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Boris Turk
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Turk
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bradley J. Turner
- University of Melbourne, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard I. Tuxworth
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica K. Tyler
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena V. Tyutereva
- Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aslihan Ugun-Klusek
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham, UK
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, Oxford, and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, First Department of Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilya V. Ulasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Midori Umekawa
- Mie University, Graduate School of Bioresources, Tsu, Japan
| | - Christian Ungermann
- University of Osnabrück, Department of Biology/Chemistry, and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Rei Unno
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sylvie Urbe
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Research, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Liverpool, UK
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elisabet Uribe-Carretero
- University of Extremadura, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Suayib Üstün
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Pathophysiology Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Björn F. Vahsen
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rut Valdor
- University of Murcia, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Unit of Autophagy, Immunity and Cancer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria J. Valente
- University of Porto, Faculty of Pharmacy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ayelén Valko
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicobiología Celular y Genética Aplicada de Levaduras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Richard B. Vallee
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- KU Leuven, Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center of Translational Immunlogy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd J.L. van Wijk
- Goethe University, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vanhorebeek
- KU Leuven, Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nicola Vannini
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence and Stem Cell Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Cancer Institute, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - M. Cristina Vanrell
- CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- University of Ferrara, Department of Translational Medicine, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabel Varela-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM) and CIBERER (CIBER, ISCiii), Madrid, Spain
| | - Máté Varga
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Universidade do Porto, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Cancer Drug Resistance Group, Porto, Portugal; FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Department of Biological Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Somya Vats
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, and Neuroscience Unit, Autophagy Laboratory, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- University of Oviedo, Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Velasco
- Complutense University, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna P. Velázquez
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edo Vellenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mireille Verdier
- EA 3842, Limoges University, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges cedex, France
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Isabelle Vergne
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Manish Verma
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörg Vervoorts
- RWTH Aachen University, Medical School, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO)-Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michel Vidal
- University of Montpellier, UMR 5235, Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Novara, Italy
| | - Otilia V. Vieira
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Viganó
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy; University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Milan, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Helena Vihinen
- University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinoy Vijayan
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miquel Vila
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Vilar
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Villalba
- University of Cordoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Villalobo
- University Hospital La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics Area Oto-Neurosurgery Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Villarroya
- University of Barcelona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Network Center for Biomedical Research in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- University of Barcelona, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Network Center for Biomedical Research in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Vincent
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, C.S.I.C./U.A.M., Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecile Vindis
- University of Toulouse, Institute of Metabolic and cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM UMR 1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Viret
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), University Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Science and Public Health Section of Histology and Embryology, Rome, Italy
| | - Dora Visnjic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja
- Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, National Research Council (IASI–CNR), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Volta
- Eurac Research, Institute for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marta Vomero
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Von Haefen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc A. Vooijs
- Maastricht University Medical Center, GROW School for Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy, Maastricht|, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Voos
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ljubica Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- University of Oxford, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenrick A. Waite
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David W. Walker
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark J. Walker
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jochen Walter
- University of Bonn, Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francisco G. Wandosell
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM & CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bo Wang
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Life Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chenwei Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyang Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengming Wang
- Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guansong Wang
- Third Military Medical University of China, Xinqiao Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Soochow University, Center for Circadian Clocks; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- China Agricultural University, College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Soochow University, Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Hematology Institute, School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Artemisinin Research Center and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jiou Wang
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Sichuan University, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Wang
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Singapore
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- Fourth Military Medical University, College of Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanbu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ping Wang
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- University of Kentucky, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Department of Neurology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology; City of Hope Medical Center, Beckman Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- University of South Dakota, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Tsinghua University, School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Kaohsiung Medical University, School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yihua Wang
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biological Sciences, and the Institute for Life Sciences, Southampton, UK
| | - Yipeng Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany; Shanghai Qiangrui Biotech Co., Ltd., Fengxian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Horticulture, Weigang NO. 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Air Force Medical University, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gary Warnes
- Queen Mary University, Blizard Institute, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, London, UK
| | - Verena Warnsmann
- Goethe University, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eizo Watanabe
- Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Medical Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maxinne Watchon
- Macquarie University, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical Science, Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Wawrzyńska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy E. Weaver
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Grzegorz Wegrzyn
- University of Gdansk, Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ann M. Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Huafeng Wei
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Taotao Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oliver H. Weiergräber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Jülich, Germany
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Günther Weindl
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan Wells
- Univ of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA HealthSystem, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Runxia H. Wen
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Wen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonia Werner
- Georg August University Göttingen, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Weykopf
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Precision Neurology Program & APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally P. Wheatley
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- National Medicines Institute, Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Manon E. Wildenberg
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wileman
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- University of Edinburgh, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Scotland, UK
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-7 (Structural Biochemistry), Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brett Williams
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin S.B. Williams
- Royal Holloway University of London, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Peter R. Williamson
- National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. Wilson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Plant Pathology, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Beate Winner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Stem Cell Biology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nathaniel J. Winsor
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 35, New York, NY, United States
| | - Harald Wodrich
- MFP CNRS UMR 5234, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Universidad Mayor, Center for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Wollert
- Institut Pasteur, Membrane Biochemistry and Transport, Paris, France
| | - Esther Wong
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Singapore; National University Health System, Centre for Healthy Longevity, Singapore
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Kanazawa University, WPI-Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-nanoLSI), Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Macau University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - W. Wei-Lynn Wong
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Switzerland, Zurich
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Junfang Wu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), Departments of Anesthesiology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth K. Wu
- NHRI, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Min Wu
- University of North Dakota, Biology School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Shan-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shengzhou Wu
- Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wu
- Soochow University, Department of Pathogenic Biology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - William K.K. Wu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- University of Kansas, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Chemistry, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yihua Wu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Hangzhou,China
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Zhejiang University, Department of Biochemistry in School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- Shenzhen University, College of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- The University of Hong Kong, Department of Anesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Molecular Neurology, Erlangen Germany
| | - Bin Xiao
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengyi Xiao
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Centre of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-tao Xiao
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, School of Medicine, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Wenzhou Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shi Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Baoming Xie
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xie
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Georgia State University, The Center for Molecular and Translation Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Xilouri
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery, & Translational Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - JinRong Xu
- Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- University of Kansas, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- Jinan University, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiulong Xu
- Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sokhna M.S. Yakhine-Diop
- University of Extremadura, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Biology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Hypertension & Nephrology, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Columbia University, Department of Neurology, and Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shengmin Yan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Zhen Yan
- University of Virginia, Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yasuo Yanagi
- Asahikawa Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Mr. and Mrs. Ko Chi Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dun-Sheng Yang
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, Orangeburg, NY; New York University Langone Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment & Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Capital Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sceinces, Department of Neurobiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- University of Kentucky, Department of Cancer Biology & Toxicology, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Yang
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- The Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Research Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Taipei Medical University, College of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Qian Yang
- The Fourth Military Medical University, Tangdu Hospital, Department of Experimental Surgery, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seungwon Yang
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division (NCSBD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wannian Yang
- Jiangsu University, School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yuan Yang
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Jinan University, Medical College, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, School of Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Honghong Yao
- University of Southeast, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing, JiangSu, China
| | - Shenggen Yao
- University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Trauma Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology, and Developmental Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cong Yi
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Iowa State University, Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zhangyuan Yin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ziyi Yin
- Shandong Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Shandong, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Soochow University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Calvin K. Yip
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu
- The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Young H. Yoo
- Dong-A University College of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Busan, Korea
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Boxuan Yu
- Hwa Chong Institution, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Temple University, Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Physiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Yu
- Tsinghua University, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu, Korea
| | - Victor C. Yu
- National University of Singapore, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Singapore
| | - W. Haung Yu
- University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Third Military Medical University, Department of Occupational Health, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Air Force Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xi'an, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Central South University, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilin Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Graduate School of Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Raymond L. Yung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David N. Zacks
- University of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriele Zaffagnini
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Barcelona, España
| | - Vanessa O. Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Stanford University, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Zanella
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Qun S. Zang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Department of Precision Medicine, Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem scarl, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
- University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Department of Precision Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Konstantinos S. Zarbalis
- University of California, Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- University Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Scott O. Zeitlin
- University of Virginia, Department of Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ju-deng Zeng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Žerovnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Daping Hospital, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Chongqing, China
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong Zhang
- Peking University First Hospital, Renal Division, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- University of Science & Technology of China, School of Life Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson University/Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Zhang
- Soochow University, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Oncology, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Kalin Y.B. Zhang
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leshuai W. Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, School of Veterinary Medicine/ Biomedical Center, Hongshan, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Henan University of Technology, College of Bioengineering, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education,Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Menghuan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Oncological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Programs in Human and Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience of the MD Anderson UTHealth GSBS, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Molecular Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- University of Maryland, Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing First Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Sichuan University, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- East China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Rutgers University, Department of Surgery, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zili Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Central China Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Fourth Military Medical University, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Fourth Military Medical University, Tangdu Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, State Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Reproductive Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong University, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Peking University Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Zhejiang University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoping Zheng
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Kai Zheng
- Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Wuhan University, Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Xi-Long Zheng
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yi Zheng
- Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Karolinska Institutet Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Southwest Medical University, Department of Medical Cellular Biology, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cefan Zhou
- Hubei University of Technology, National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Third Military Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang University, Department of Horticulture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Guangxi Medical University, School of Preclinical Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanning,China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Zhejiang University, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Wuhan University, Hubei Key laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Peking University First Hospital, Renal Division, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Texas A&M University, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng-Yu Zhou
- Soochow University, Laboratory Animal Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Binglin Zhu
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Zhengzhou University, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, China; Gothenburg University, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Nanjing Medical University, Department of Physiology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Zhu
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hongxin Zhu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- The Ohio State University, Department of Surgery, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Katarzyna Zientara-Rytter
- University California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, CA, USA
| | - Christine M. Zimmermann
- University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Institute for Virology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Ziviani
- University of Padova, Biology Department, Padova, Italy
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- Moscow State University, A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Bioquímica I Biomedicina Molecular, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Weiping Zou
- University of Michigan, Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | - Steven Zuryn
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- University of Innsbruck, Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - X. Charlie Dong
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chandra Shekar Kenchappa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zuguo Li
- Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Pathology, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Medical Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yueguang Rong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Maastricht University Medical Center, School for Cardiovascular disease (CARIM), Department of Pathology, Maastricht, The Netherlands; University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christina L. Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chun-Kit Tong
- Hong Kong Baptist University, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Baptist University, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, lxChina
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21
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Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Widge AT, Jackson LA, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott AB, Flach B, Lin BC, Doria-Rose NA, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Corbett KS, Swanson PA, Padilla M, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Leav B, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Edara VV, Floyd K, Suthar MS, Martinez DR, Baric R, Buchanan W, Luke CJ, Phadke VK, Rostad CA, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Beigel JH. Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:2427-2438. [PMID: 32991794 PMCID: PMC7556339 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2028436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 253.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an older population is important, since increased incidences of illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have been associated with an older age. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial of a messenger RNA vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-2P) in healthy adults. The trial was expanded to include 40 older adults, who were stratified according to age (56 to 70 years or ≥71 years). All the participants were assigned sequentially to receive two doses of either 25 μg or 100 μg of vaccine administered 28 days apart. RESULTS Solicited adverse events were predominantly mild or moderate in severity and most frequently included fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. Such adverse events were dose-dependent and were more common after the second immunization. Binding-antibody responses increased rapidly after the first immunization. By day 57, among the participants who received the 25-μg dose, the anti-S-2P geometric mean titer (GMT) was 323,945 among those between the ages of 56 and 70 years and 1,128,391 among those who were 71 years of age or older; among the participants who received the 100-μg dose, the GMT in the two age subgroups was 1,183,066 and 3,638,522, respectively. After the second immunization, serum neutralizing activity was detected in all the participants by multiple methods. Binding- and neutralizing-antibody responses appeared to be similar to those previously reported among vaccine recipients between the ages of 18 and 55 years and were above the median of a panel of controls who had donated convalescent serum. The vaccine elicited a strong CD4 cytokine response involving type 1 helper T cells. CONCLUSIONS In this small study involving older adults, adverse events associated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine were mainly mild or moderate. The 100-μg dose induced higher binding- and neutralizing-antibody titers than the 25-μg dose, which supports the use of the 100-μg dose in a phase 3 vaccine trial. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; mRNA-1273 Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04283461.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Anderson
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Alicia T Widge
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Paul C Roberts
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Mamodikoe Makhene
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - James D Chappell
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Mark R Denison
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Laura J Stevens
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Andrea J Pruijssers
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Britta Flach
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Bob C Lin
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Phillip A Swanson
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Marcelino Padilla
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Kathy M Neuzil
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Hamilton Bennett
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Brett Leav
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Mat Makowski
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Jim Albert
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Kaitlyn Cross
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Katharine Floyd
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - David R Martinez
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Ralph Baric
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Wendy Buchanan
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Catherine J Luke
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Varun K Phadke
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Christina A Rostad
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - Barney S Graham
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
| | - John H Beigel
- From the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine (E.J.A., V.V.E., K.F., M.S.S., C.A.R.), and Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University (M.S.S.), Atlanta, and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (E.J.A., N.G.R., V.K.P.) - both in Georgia; the Vaccine Research Center (A.T.W., A.B.M., B.F., B.C.L., N.A.D.-R., S.O., S.D.S., K.S.C., P.A.S., M.P., J.E.L., B.S.G.) and the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., C.J.L., J.H.B.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle (L.A.J.); the Department of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.), the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), and the Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., B.L.); and the Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.B.)
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Redd AD, Doria-Rose NA, Weiner JA, Nason M, Seivers M, Schmidt SD, Laeyendecker O, Martens C, Bruno D, Keele BF, Raju N, Georgiev IS, Lamers SL, Astemborski J, Kirk GD, Mascola JR, Ackerman ME, Mehta SH, Quinn TC. Longitudinal Antibody Responses in People Who Inject Drugs Infected With Similar Human Immunodeficiency Virus Strains. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:756-765. [PMID: 31581292 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors influence the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody response produced during natural infection, leading to responses that can vary in specificity, strength, and breadth. METHODS People who inject drugs identified as recently infected with HIV (n = 23) were analyzed for clustering of their viral sequences (genetic distance, <2%). Longitudinal antibody responses were identified for neutralizing antibody (Nab) potential, and differences in antibody subclass, specificity, and Fc receptor ligation using pseudovirus entry and multiplexed Fc array assays, respectively. Responses were analyzed for differences between subject groups, defined by similarity in the sequence of the infecting virus. RESULTS Viral sequences from infected individuals were grouped into 3 distinct clusters with 7 unclustered individuals. Subjects in cluster 1 generally had lower antibody response magnitudes, except for antibodies targeting the V1/V2 region. Subjects in clusters 2 and 3 typically had higher antibody response magnitudes, with the Fv specificity of cluster 2 favoring gp140 recognition. NAb responses differed significantly between clusters for 3 of 18 pseudoviruses examined (P < .05), but there were no differences in overall NAb breadth (P = .62). DISCUSSION These data demonstrate that individuals infected with similar viral strains can generate partially similar antibody responses, but these do not drastically differ from those in individuals infected with relatively unrelated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Redd
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew Seivers
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Daniel Bruno
- Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Fredrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg of School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg of School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg of School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Coler RN, McCullough MP, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott A, Flach B, Doria-Rose NA, Corbett KS, Morabito KM, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Swanson PA, Padilla M, Mascola JR, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Sun W, Peters E, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Buchanan W, Pikaart-Tautges R, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Beigel JH. An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1920-1931. [PMID: 32663912 PMCID: PMC7377258 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2022483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2226] [Impact Index Per Article: 556.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and spread globally, prompting an international effort to accelerate development of a vaccine. The candidate vaccine mRNA-1273 encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial including 45 healthy adults, 18 to 55 years of age, who received two vaccinations, 28 days apart, with mRNA-1273 in a dose of 25 μg, 100 μg, or 250 μg. There were 15 participants in each dose group. RESULTS After the first vaccination, antibody responses were higher with higher dose (day 29 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay anti-S-2P antibody geometric mean titer [GMT], 40,227 in the 25-μg group, 109,209 in the 100-μg group, and 213,526 in the 250-μg group). After the second vaccination, the titers increased (day 57 GMT, 299,751, 782,719, and 1,192,154, respectively). After the second vaccination, serum-neutralizing activity was detected by two methods in all participants evaluated, with values generally similar to those in the upper half of the distribution of a panel of control convalescent serum specimens. Solicited adverse events that occurred in more than half the participants included fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. Systemic adverse events were more common after the second vaccination, particularly with the highest dose, and three participants (21%) in the 250-μg dose group reported one or more severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA-1273 vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified. These findings support further development of this vaccine. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; mRNA-1273 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04283461).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Jackson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Evan J Anderson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Paul C Roberts
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mamodikoe Makhene
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Rhea N Coler
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Michele P McCullough
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - James D Chappell
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mark R Denison
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Laura J Stevens
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Andrea J Pruijssers
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Adrian McDermott
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Britta Flach
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Phillip A Swanson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Marcelino Padilla
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - John R Mascola
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Hamilton Bennett
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Wellington Sun
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Etza Peters
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mat Makowski
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Jim Albert
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kaitlyn Cross
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Wendy Buchanan
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Barney S Graham
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - John H Beigel
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
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Corbett KS, Flynn B, Foulds KE, Francica JR, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Werner AP, Flach B, O'Connell S, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Andersen H, Martinez DR, Noe AT, Douek N, Donaldson MM, Nji NN, Alvarado GS, Edwards DK, Flebbe DR, Lamb E, Doria-Rose NA, Lin BC, Louder MK, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Phung E, Chang LA, Yap C, Todd JPM, Pessaint L, Van Ry A, Browne S, Greenhouse J, Putman-Taylor T, Strasbaugh A, Campbell TA, Cook A, Dodson A, Steingrebe K, Shi W, Zhang Y, Abiona OM, Wang L, Pegu A, Yang ES, Leung K, Zhou T, Teng IT, Widge A, Gordon I, Novik L, Gillespie RA, Loomis RJ, Moliva JI, Stewart-Jones G, Himansu S, Kong WP, Nason MC, Morabito KM, Ruckwardt TJ, Ledgerwood JE, Gaudinski MR, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Carfi A, Lewis MG, Baric RS, McDermott A, Moore IN, Sullivan NJ, Roederer M, Seder RA, Graham BS. Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1544-1555. [PMID: 32722908 PMCID: PMC7449230 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2024671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important to evaluate in nonhuman primates. METHODS Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg of mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, or no vaccine. Antibody and T-cell responses were assessed before upper- and lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active viral replication and viral genomes in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and nasal swab specimens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis and viral quantification were performed on lung-tissue specimens. RESULTS The mRNA-1273 vaccine candidate induced antibody levels exceeding those in human convalescent-phase serum, with live-virus reciprocal 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titers of 501 in the 10-μg dose group and 3481 in the 100-μg dose group. Vaccination induced type 1 helper T-cell (Th1)-biased CD4 T-cell responses and low or undetectable Th2 or CD8 T-cell responses. Viral replication was not detectable in BAL fluid by day 2 after challenge in seven of eight animals in both vaccinated groups. No viral replication was detectable in the nose of any of the eight animals in the 100-μg dose group by day 2 after challenge, and limited inflammation or detectable viral genome or antigen was noted in lungs of animals in either vaccine group. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination of nonhuman primates with mRNA-1273 induced robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, rapid protection in the upper and lower airways, and no pathologic changes in the lung. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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MESH Headings
- 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/physiology
- CD4 Antigens
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Immunization, Passive
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Macaca mulatta
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Virus Replication
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzmekia S Corbett
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Barbara Flynn
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Joseph R Francica
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Anne P Werner
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Britta Flach
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Kevin W Bock
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Bianca M Nagata
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Hanne Andersen
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - David R Martinez
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Amy T Noe
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Naomi Douek
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Mitzi M Donaldson
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Nadesh N Nji
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Gabriela S Alvarado
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Darin K Edwards
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Dillon R Flebbe
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Evan Lamb
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Bob C Lin
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Mark K Louder
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Emily Phung
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Lauren A Chang
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Christina Yap
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - John-Paul M Todd
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Laurent Pessaint
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Alex Van Ry
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Shanai Browne
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Jack Greenhouse
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Tammy Putman-Taylor
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Amanda Strasbaugh
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Tracey-Ann Campbell
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Anthony Cook
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Alan Dodson
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Katelyn Steingrebe
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Wei Shi
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Olubukola M Abiona
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Lingshu Wang
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - I-Ting Teng
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Alicia Widge
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Ingelise Gordon
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Laura Novik
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Rebecca J Loomis
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Juan I Moliva
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Guillaume Stewart-Jones
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Sunny Himansu
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Martha C Nason
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Martin R Gaudinski
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Peter D Kwong
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - John R Mascola
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Carfi
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Mark G Lewis
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Ralph S Baric
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Adrian McDermott
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Ian N Moore
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Mario Roederer
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Robert A Seder
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
| | - Barney S Graham
- From the Vaccine Research Center (K.S.C., B. Flynn, K.E.F., J.R.F., S.B.-B., A.P.W., B. Flach, S. O'Connell, A.T.N., N.D., M.M.D., N.N.N., G.S.A., D.R.F., E.L., N.A.D.-R., B.C.L., M.K.L., S. O'Dell, S.D.S., E.P., L.A.C., C.Y., J.-P.M.T., W.S., Y.Z., O.M.A., L.W., A.P., E.S.Y., K.L., T.Z., I.-T.T., A.W., I.G., L.N., R.A.G., R.J.L., J.I.M., W.-P.K., K.M.M., T.J.R., J.E.L., M.R.G., P.D.K., J.R.M., A.M., N.J.S., M.R., R.A.S., B.S.G.), the Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section (K.W.B., M.M., B.M.N., M.G.L.), and the Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (M.C.N.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and Bioqual (H.A., L.P., A.V.R., S.B., J.G., T.P.-T., A.S., T.-A.C., A. Cook, A.D., K.S., I.N.M.) and the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (M.R.G.), Rockville - both in Maryland; the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (D.R.M., R.S.B.); Moderna, Cambridge, MA (D.K.E., G.S.-J., S.H., A. Carfi); and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC (E.P.)
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25
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Corbett KS, Edwards D, Leist SR, Abiona OM, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Gillespie RA, Himansu S, Schäfer A, Ziwawo CT, DiPiazza AT, Dinnon KH, Elbashir SM, Shaw CA, Woods A, Fritch EJ, Martinez DR, Bock KW, Minai M, Nagata BM, Hutchinson GB, Bahl K, Garcia-Dominguez D, Ma L, Renzi I, Kong WP, Schmidt SD, Wang L, Zhang Y, Stevens LJ, Phung E, Chang LA, Loomis RJ, Altaras NE, Narayanan E, Metkar M, Presnyak V, Liu C, Louder MK, Shi W, Leung K, Yang ES, West A, Gully KL, Wang N, Wrapp D, Doria-Rose NA, Stewart-Jones G, Bennett H, Nason MC, Ruckwardt TJ, McLellan JS, Denison MR, Chappell JD, Moore IN, Morabito KM, Mascola JR, Baric RS, Carfi A, Graham BS. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.11.145920. [PMID: 32577634 PMCID: PMC7301911 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.145920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is needed to control the global COVID-19 public health crisis. Atomic-level structures directed the application of prefusion-stabilizing mutations that improved expression and immunogenicity of betacoronavirus spike proteins. Using this established immunogen design, the release of SARS-CoV-2 sequences triggered immediate rapid manufacturing of an mRNA vaccine expressing the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer (mRNA-1273). Here, we show that mRNA-1273 induces both potent neutralizing antibody and CD8 T cell responses and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in lungs and noses of mice without evidence of immunopathology. mRNA-1273 is currently in a Phase 2 clinical trial with a trajectory towards Phase 3 efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Darin Edwards
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Olubukola M. Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Sunny Himansu
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Cynthia T. Ziwawo
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Anthony T. DiPiazza
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | | | | | - Angela Woods
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Ethan J. Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Kevin W. Bock
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Mahnaz Minai
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Bianca M. Nagata
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Geoffrey B. Hutchinson
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Kapil Bahl
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | | | - LingZhi Ma
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Isabella Renzi
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Laura J. Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212; United States of America
| | - Emily Phung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Chang
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Loomis
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | | | | | - Mihir Metkar
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Vlad Presnyak
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Catherine Liu
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Kwanyee Leung
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Kendra L. Gully
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, Texas, 78712; United States of America
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, Texas, 78712; United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | | | | | - Martha C. Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Tracy J. Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, Texas, 78712; United States of America
| | - Mark R. Denison
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212; United States of America
| | - James D. Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212; United States of America
| | - Ian N. Moore
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599; United States of America
| | - Andrea Carfi
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
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26
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Blazkova J, Refsland EW, Clarridge KE, Shi V, Justement JS, Huiting ED, Gittens KR, Chen X, Schmidt SD, Liu C, Doria-Rose N, Mascola JR, Heredia A, Moir S, Chun TW. Glycan-dependent HIV-specific neutralizing antibodies bind to cells of uninfected individuals. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4832-4837. [PMID: 31589168 DOI: 10.1172/jci125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of highly potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have recently been shown to prevent transmission of the virus, suppress viral replication, and delay plasma viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in animal models and infected humans. However, the degree and extent to which such bNAbs interact with primary lymphocytes have not been fully delineated. Here, we show that certain glycan-dependent bNAbs, such as PGT121 and PGT151, bind to B, activated T, and natural killer (NK) cells of HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals. Binding of these bNAbs, particularly PGT121 and PGT151, to activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was mediated by complex-type glycans and was abrogated by enzymatic inhibition of N-linked glycosylation. In addition, a short-term incubation of PGT151 and primary NK cells led to degranulation and cellular death. Our data suggest that the propensity of certain bNAbs to bind uninfected/bystander cells has the potential for unexpected outcomes in passive-transfer studies and underscore the importance of antibody screening against primary lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Blazkova
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Eric W Refsland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Katherine E Clarridge
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Victoria Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - J Shawn Justement
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Erin D Huiting
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | | | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alonso Heredia
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
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27
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Shen CH, DeKosky BJ, Guo Y, Xu K, Gu Y, Kilam D, Ko SH, Kong R, Liu K, Louder MK, Ou L, Zhang B, Chao CW, Corcoran MM, Feng E, Huang J, Normandin E, O'Dell S, Ransier A, Rawi R, Sastry M, Schmidt SD, Wang S, Wang Y, Chuang GY, Doria-Rose NA, Lin B, Zhou T, Boritz EA, Connors M, Douek DC, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Sheng Z, Shapiro L, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. VRC34-Antibody Lineage Development Reveals How a Required Rare Mutation Shapes the Maturation of a Broad HIV-Neutralizing Lineage. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:531-543.e6. [PMID: 32130953 PMCID: PMC7467872 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare mutations have been proposed to restrict the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1, but this has not been explicitly demonstrated. We hypothesized that such rare mutations might be identified by comparing broadly neutralizing and non-broadly neutralizing branches of an antibody-developmental tree. Because sequences of antibodies isolated from the fusion peptide (FP)-targeting VRC34-antibody lineage suggested it might be suitable for such rare mutation analysis, we carried out next-generation sequencing (NGS) on B cell transcripts from donor N123, the source of the VRC34 lineage, and functionally and structurally characterized inferred intermediates along broadly neutralizing and poorly neutralizing developmental branches. The broadly neutralizing VRC34.01 branch required the rare heavy-chain mutation Y33P to bind FP, whereas the early bifurcated VRC34.05 branch did not require this rare mutation and evolved less breadth. Our results demonstrate how a required rare mutation can restrict development and shape the maturation of a broad HIV-1-neutralizing antibody lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Divya Kilam
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sung Hee Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cara W Chao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin M Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Feng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jesse Huang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erica Normandin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yiran Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bob Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eli A Boritz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Pegu A, Borate B, Huang Y, Pauthner MG, Hessell AJ, Julg B, Doria-Rose NA, Schmidt SD, Carpp LN, Cully MD, Chen X, Shaw GM, Barouch DH, Haigwood NL, Corey L, Burton DR, Roederer M, Gilbert PB, Mascola JR, Huang Y. A Meta-analysis of Passive Immunization Studies Shows that Serum-Neutralizing Antibody Titer Associates with Protection against SHIV Challenge. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:336-346.e3. [PMID: 31513771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Passively administered broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have been shown to protect non-human primates (NHPs) against chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection. With data from multiple non-human primate SHIV challenge studies that used single bNAbs, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between predicted serum 50% neutralization titer (ID50) against the challenge virus and infection outcome. In a logistic model that adjusts for bNAb epitopes and challenge viruses, serum ID50 had a highly significant effect on infection risk (p < 0.001). The estimated ID50 to achieve 50%, 75%, and 95% protection was 91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55, 153), 219 (117, 410), and 685 (319, 1471), respectively. This analysis indicates that serum neutralizing titer against the relevant virus is a key parameter of protection and that protection from acquisition by a single bNAb might require substantial levels of neutralization at the time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bhavesh Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunogen Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michelle D Cully
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunogen Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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29
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Francica JR, Laga R, Lynn GM, Mužíková G, Androvič L, Aussedat B, Walkowicz WE, Padhan K, Ramirez-Valdez RA, Parks R, Schmidt SD, Flynn BJ, Tsybovsky Y, Stewart-Jones GBE, Saunders KO, Baharom F, Petrovas C, Haynes BF, Seder RA. Star nanoparticles delivering HIV-1 peptide minimal immunogens elicit near-native envelope antibody responses in nonhuman primates. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000328. [PMID: 31206510 PMCID: PMC6597128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide immunogens provide an approach to focus antibody responses to specific neutralizing sites on the HIV envelope protein (Env) trimer or on other pathogens. However, the physical characteristics of peptide immunogens can limit their pharmacokinetic and immunological properties. Here, we have designed synthetic “star” nanoparticles based on biocompatible N-[(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (HPMA)-based polymer arms extending from a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer core. In mice, these star nanoparticles trafficked to lymph nodes (LNs) by 4 hours following vaccination, where they were taken up by subcapsular macrophages and then resident dendritic cells (DCs). Immunogenicity optimization studies revealed a correlation of immunogen density with antibody titers. Furthermore, the co-delivery of Env variable loop 3 (V3) and T-helper peptides induced titers that were 2 logs higher than if the peptides were given in separate nanoparticles. Finally, we performed a nonhuman primate (NHP) study using a V3 glycopeptide minimal immunogen that was structurally optimized to be recognized by Env V3/glycan broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). When administered with a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist adjuvant, these nanoparticles elicited high antibody binding titers to the V3 site. Similar to human V3/glycan bnAbs, certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by this vaccine were glycan dependent or targeted the GDIR peptide motif. To improve affinity to native Env trimer affinity, nonhuman primates (NHPs) were boosted with various SOSIP Env proteins; however, significant neutralization was not observed. Taken together, this study provides a new vaccine platform for administration of glycopeptide immunogens for focusing immune responses to specific bnAb epitopes. Synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles effectively deliver HIV Env glycopeptide immunogens to lymph nodes and stimulate B cell lineages with characteristics resembling broadly neutralizing antibodies, in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geoffrey M Lynn
- Avidea Technologies, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Mužíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Androvič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Baptiste Aussedat
- Department of Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William E Walkowicz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kartika Padhan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ramiro Andrei Ramirez-Valdez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara J Flynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guillaume B E Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Faezzah Baharom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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30
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Kwon YD, Chuang GY, Zhang B, Bailer RT, Doria-Rose NA, Gindin TS, Lin B, Louder MK, McKee K, O'Dell S, Pegu A, Schmidt SD, Asokan M, Chen X, Choe M, Georgiev IS, Jin V, Pancera M, Rawi R, Wang K, Chaudhuri R, Kueltzo LA, Manceva SD, Todd JP, Scorpio DG, Kim M, Reinherz EL, Wagh K, Korber BM, Connors M, Shapiro L, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Surface-Matrix Screening Identifies Semi-specific Interactions that Improve Potency of a Near Pan-reactive HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibody. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1798-1809. [PMID: 29444432 PMCID: PMC5889116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly effective HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies could have utility in the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection. To improve the potency of 10E8, an antibody capable of near pan-HIV-1 neutralization, we engineered 10E8-surface mutants and screened for improved neutralization. Variants with the largest functional enhancements involved the addition of hydrophobic or positively charged residues, which were positioned to interact with viral membrane lipids or viral glycan-sialic acids, respectively. In both cases, the site of improvement was spatially separated from the region of antibody mediating molecular contact with the protein component of the antigen, thereby improving peripheral semi-specific interactions while maintaining unmodified dominant contacts responsible for broad recognition. The optimized 10E8 antibody, with mutations to phenylalanine and arginine, retained the extraordinary breadth of 10E8 but with ~10-fold increased potency. We propose surface-matrix screening as a general method to improve antibodies, with improved semi-specific interactions between antibody and antigen enabling increased potency without compromising breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young D Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tatyana S Gindin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bob Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vivian Jin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rajoshi Chaudhuri
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa A Kueltzo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Slobodanka D Manceva
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Bette M Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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31
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Cheng C, Xu K, Kong R, Chuang GY, Corrigan AR, Geng H, Hill KR, Jafari AJ, O’Dell S, Ou L, Rawi R, Rowshan AP, Sarfo EK, Sastry M, Saunders KO, Schmidt SD, Wang S, Wu W, Zhang B, Doria-Rose NA, Haynes BF, Scorpio DG, Shapiro L, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Consistent elicitation of cross-clade HIV-neutralizing responses achieved in guinea pigs after fusion peptide priming by repetitive envelope trimer boosting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215163. [PMID: 30995238 PMCID: PMC6469787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaccine elicitation of broadly neutralizing responses is a central goal of HIV research. Recently, we elicited cross-clade neutralizing responses against the N terminus of the fusion peptide (FP), a critical component of the HIV-entry machinery. While the consistency of the elicited cross-clade neutralizing responses was good in mice, it was poor in guinea pigs: after seven immunizations comprising either envelope (Env) trimer or FP coupled to a carrier, serum from only one of five animals could neutralize a majority of a cross-clade panel of 19 wild-type strains. Such a low response rate—only 20%—made increasing consistency an imperative. Here, we show that additional Env-trimer immunizations could boost broad FP-directed neutralizing responses in a majority of immunized animals. The first boost involved a heterologous Env trimer developed from the transmitted founder clade C strain of donor CH505, and the second boost involved a cocktail that combined the CH505 trimer with a trimer from the BG505 strain. After boosting, sera from three of five animals neutralized a majority of the 19-strain panel and serum from a fourth animal neutralized 8 strains. We demonstrate that cross-reactive serum neutralization targeted the FP by blocking neutralization with soluble fusion peptide. The FP competition revealed two categories of elicited responses: an autologous response to the BG505 strain of high potency (~10,000 ID50), which was not competed by soluble FP, and a heterologous response of lower potency, which was competed by soluble FP. While the autologous response could increase rapidly in response to Env-trimer boost, the heterologous neutralizing response increased more slowly. Overall, repetitive Env-trimer immunizations appeared to boost low titer FP-carrier primed responses to detectable levels, yielding cross-clade neutralization. The consistent trimer-boosted neutralizing responses described here add to accumulating evidence for the vaccine utility of the FP site of HIV vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Corrigan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kurt R. Hill
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Jafari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ariana P. Rowshan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward K. Sarfo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Winston Wu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diana G. Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRM); (PDK)
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JRM); (PDK)
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32
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Redd AD, Helleberg M, Sievers M, Schmidt SD, Doria-Rose NA, Bruno D, Traeger S, Martens C, Fonager J, Kronborg G, Packman Z, Mascola JR, Porcella SF, Gerstoft J, Quinn TC. Limited anti-HIV neutralizing antibody breadth and potency before and after HIV superinfection in Danish men who have sex with men. Infect Dis (Lond) 2018; 51:56-61. [PMID: 30317905 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2018.1500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the anti-HIV neutralizing antibody response in protecting against HIV superinfection, and changes in neutralizing antibody potency and breadth after HIV superinfection have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the rate of HIV superinfection in men who have sex with men (MSM) also diagnosed with syphilis in Denmark, and the anti-HIV neutralizing antibody response in men who became superinfected. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSM enrolled in the Danish HIV cohort who acquired syphilis were examined longitudinally for HIV superinfection using a validated next-generation sequencing assay. HIV superinfection cases were matched 3:1 to controls, and neutralizing antibody responses before (cases/controls) and after (cases) HIV superinfection were determined using a 20-pseudovirus panel. RESULTS Four cases of HIV superinfection were identified from 95 MSM screened for a rate of HIV superinfection of 1.56/100 pys (95% CI = 0.43-4.01). Prior to HIV superinfection neutralizing antibody responses were low in breadth and potency, and did not differ between cases and controls (p = 1.0). In cases, neutralizing antibody responses increased modestly after HIV superinfection. CONCLUSIONS These data support the theory that the natural neutralizing antibody response to HIV infection may not be the controlling factor in protecting against a subsequent HIV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Redd
- a Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Bethesda , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Marie Helleberg
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Matthew Sievers
- b Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Bruno
- e Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Hamilton , MT , USA
| | - Shelby Traeger
- e Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Hamilton , MT , USA
| | - Craig Martens
- e Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Hamilton , MT , USA
| | - Jannik Fonager
- f Section for Virus Surveillance and Research, Department of Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gitte Kronborg
- g Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Zoe Packman
- h Department of Pathology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - John R Mascola
- d Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Stephen F Porcella
- e Genomics Unit, Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Hamilton , MT , USA
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- c Department of Infectious Diseases , Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet , Denmark
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- a Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH , Bethesda , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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33
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Julg B, Liu PT, Wagh K, Fischer WM, Abbink P, Mercado NB, Whitney JB, Nkolola JP, McMahan K, Tartaglia LJ, Borducchi EN, Khatiwada S, Kamath M, LeSuer JA, Seaman MS, Schmidt SD, Mascola JR, Burton DR, Korber BT, Barouch DH. Protection against a mixed SHIV challenge by a broadly neutralizing antibody cocktail. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/408/eaao4235. [PMID: 28931655 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 sequence diversity presents a major challenge for the clinical development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) for both therapy and prevention. Sequence variation in critical bNAb epitopes has been observed in most HIV-1-infected individuals and can lead to viral escape after bNAb monotherapy in humans. We show that viral sequence diversity can limit both the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of bNAbs in rhesus monkeys. We first demonstrate that monotherapy with the V3 glycan-dependent antibody 10-1074, but not PGT121, results in rapid selection of preexisting viral variants containing N332/S334 escape mutations and loss of therapeutic efficacy in simian-HIV (SHIV)-SF162P3-infected rhesus monkeys. We then show that the V3 glycan-dependent antibody PGT121 alone and the V2 glycan-dependent antibody PGDM1400 alone both fail to protect against a mixed challenge with SHIV-SF162P3 and SHIV-325c. In contrast, the combination of both bNAbs provides 100% protection against this mixed SHIV challenge. These data reveal that single bNAbs efficiently select resistant viruses from a diverse challenge swarm to establish infection, demonstrating the importance of bNAb cocktails for HIV-1 prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Julg
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Po-Ting Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noe B Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James B Whitney
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph P Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tartaglia
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shreeya Khatiwada
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jake A LeSuer
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bette T Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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34
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Julg B, Tartaglia LJ, Keele BF, Wagh K, Pegu A, Sok D, Abbink P, Schmidt SD, Wang K, Chen X, Joyce MG, Georgiev IS, Choe M, Kwong PD, Doria-Rose NA, Le K, Louder MK, Bailer RT, Moore PL, Korber B, Seaman MS, Abdool Karim SS, Morris L, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Burton DR, Barouch DH. Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the HIV-1 envelope V2 apex confer protection against a clade C SHIV challenge. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/406/eaal1321. [PMID: 28878010 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies to the V2 apex antigenic region of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer are among the most prevalent cross-reactive antibodies elicited by natural infection. Two recently described V2-specific antibodies, PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25, have demonstrated exquisite potency and neutralization breadth against HIV-1. However, little data exist on the protective efficacy of V2-specific neutralizing antibodies. We created a novel SHIV-325c viral stock that included a clade C HIV-1 envelope and was susceptible to neutralization by both of these antibodies. Rhesus macaques received a single infusion of either antibody at three different concentrations (2, 0.4, and 0.08 mg/kg) before challenge with SHIV-325c. PGDM1400 was fully protective at the 0.4 mg/kg dose, whereas CAP256-VRC26.25-LS was fully protective even at the 0.08 mg/kg dose, which correlated with its greater in vitro neutralization potency against the challenge virus. Serum antibody concentrations required for protection were <0.75 μg/ml for CAP256-VRC26.25-LS. These data demonstrate unprecedented potency and protective efficacy of V2-specific neutralizing antibodies in nonhuman primates and validate V2 as a potential target for the prevention of HIV-1 infection in passive immunization strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tartaglia
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Devin Sok
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - M G Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Khoa Le
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Penny L Moore
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, 2131 Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, 4013 Durban, South Africa
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, 4013 Durban, South Africa.,Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, 2131 Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, 4013 Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhou T, Doria-Rose NA, Cheng C, Stewart-Jones GBE, Chuang GY, Chambers M, Druz A, Geng H, McKee K, Kwon YD, O'Dell S, Sastry M, Schmidt SD, Xu K, Chen L, Chen RE, Louder MK, Pancera M, Wanninger TG, Zhang B, Zheng A, Farney SK, Foulds KE, Georgiev IS, Joyce MG, Lemmin T, Narpala S, Rawi R, Soto C, Todd JP, Shen CH, Tsybovsky Y, Yang Y, Zhao P, Haynes BF, Stamatatos L, Tiemeyer M, Wells L, Scorpio DG, Shapiro L, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Quantification of the Impact of the HIV-1-Glycan Shield on Antibody Elicitation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:719-732. [PMID: 28445724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the HIV-1-glycan shield is known to shelter Env from the humoral immune response, its quantitative impact on antibody elicitation has been unclear. Here, we use targeted deglycosylation to measure the impact of the glycan shield on elicitation of antibodies against the CD4 supersite. We engineered diverse Env trimers with select glycans removed proximal to the CD4 supersite, characterized their structures and glycosylation, and immunized guinea pigs and rhesus macaques. Immunizations yielded little neutralization against wild-type viruses but potent CD4-supersite neutralization (titers 1: >1,000,000 against four-glycan-deleted autologous viruses with over 90% breadth against four-glycan-deleted heterologous strains exhibiting tier 2 neutralization character). To a first approximation, the immunogenicity of the glycan-shielded protein surface was negligible, with Env-elicited neutralization (ID50) proportional to the exponential of the protein-surface area accessible to antibody. Based on these high titers and exponential relationship, we propose site-selective deglycosylated trimers as priming immunogens to increase the frequency of site-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guillaume B E Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aliaksandr Druz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy G Wanninger
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anqi Zheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Katie Farney
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Lemmin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cinque Soto
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chen-Hsiang Shen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Diana G Scorpio
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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36
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Xu L, Pegu A, Rao E, Doria-Rose N, Beninga J, McKee K, Lord DM, Wei RR, Deng G, Louder M, Schmidt SD, Mankoff Z, Wu L, Asokan M, Beil C, Lange C, Leuschner WD, Kruip J, Sendak R, Kwon YD, Zhou T, Chen X, Bailer RT, Wang K, Choe M, Tartaglia LJ, Barouch DH, O'Dell S, Todd JP, Burton DR, Roederer M, Connors M, Koup RA, Kwong PD, Yang ZY, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Trispecific broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies mediate potent SHIV protection in macaques. Science 2017; 358:85-90. [PMID: 28931639 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective AIDS vaccine has been challenging because of viral genetic diversity and the difficulty of generating broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We engineered trispecific antibodies (Abs) that allow a single molecule to interact with three independent HIV-1 envelope determinants: the CD4 binding site, the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), and the V1V2 glycan site. Trispecific Abs exhibited higher potency and breadth than any previously described single bnAb, showed pharmacokinetics similar to those of human bnAbs, and conferred complete immunity against a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) in nonhuman primates, in contrast to single bnAbs. Trispecific Abs thus constitute a platform to engage multiple therapeutic targets through a single protein, and they may be applicable for treatment of diverse diseases, including infections, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dana M Lord
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ronnie R Wei
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gejing Deng
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Mankoff
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mangaiarkarasi Asokan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Kruip
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Young Do Kwon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence J Tartaglia
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Neutralizing Antibody Center, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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37
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de Bree GJ, Wheatley AK, Lynch RM, Prabhakaran M, Grijsen ML, Prins JM, Schmidt SD, Koup RA, Mascola JR, McDermott AB. Longitudinal dynamics of the HIV-specific B cell response during intermittent treatment of primary HIV infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173577. [PMID: 28296911 PMCID: PMC5351995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutralizing antibodies develop in natural HIV-1 infection. Their development often takes several years and may rely on chronic virus exposure. At the same time recent studies show that treatment early in infection may provide opportunities for immune preservation. However, it is unknown how intermittent treatment in early infection affects development of the humoral immune response over time. We investigate the effect of cART in early HIV infection on the properties of the memory B cell compartment following 6 months of cART or in the absence of treatment. The patients included participated in the Primo-SHM trial where patients with an early HIV-1 infection were randomized to no treatment or treatment for 24 or 60 weeks. METHODS Primo-SHM trial patients selected for the present study were untreated (n = 23) or treated for 24 weeks (n = 24). Here we investigate memory B cell properties at viral set-point and at a late time point (respectively median 54 and 73 weeks) before (re)-initiation of treatment. RESULTS At viral set-point, the memory B cell compartment in treated patients demonstrated significantly lower fractions of antigen-primed, activated, memory B cells (p = 0.006). In contrast to untreated patients, in treated patients the humoral HIV-specific response reached a set point over time. At a transcriptional level, sets of genes that showed enhanced expression in memory B cells at viral setpoint in untreated patients, conversely showed rapid increase of expression of the same genes in treated patients at the late time point. CONCLUSION These data suggest that, although the memory B cell compartment is phenotypically preserved until viral setpoint after treatment interruption, the development of the HIV-specific antibody response may benefit from exposure to HIV. The effect of viral exposure on B cell properties is also reflected by longitudinal changes in transcriptional profile in memory B cells over time in early treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godelieve J. de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Lynch
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Madhu Prabhakaran
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Marlous L. Grijsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M. Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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38
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Doria-Rose NA, Altae-Tran HR, Roark RS, Schmidt SD, Sutton MS, Louder MK, Chuang GY, Bailer RT, Cortez V, Kong R, McKee K, O’Dell S, Wang F, Abdool Karim SS, Binley JM, Connors M, Haynes BF, Martin MA, Montefiori DC, Morris L, Overbaugh J, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Georgiev IS. Mapping Polyclonal HIV-1 Antibody Responses via Next-Generation Neutralization Fingerprinting. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006148. [PMID: 28052137 PMCID: PMC5241146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational neutralization fingerprinting, NFP, is an efficient and accurate method for predicting the epitope specificities of polyclonal antibody responses to HIV-1 infection. Here, we present next-generation NFP algorithms that substantially improve prediction accuracy for individual donors and enable serologic analysis for entire cohorts. Specifically, we developed algorithms for: (a) selection of optimized virus neutralization panels for NFP analysis, (b) estimation of NFP prediction confidence for each serum sample, and (c) identification of sera with potentially novel epitope specificities. At the individual donor level, the next-generation NFP algorithms particularly improved the ability to detect multiple epitope specificities in a sample, as confirmed both for computationally simulated polyclonal sera and for samples from HIV-infected donors. Specifically, the next-generation NFP algorithms detected multiple specificities in twice as many samples of simulated sera. Further, unlike the first-generation NFP, the new algorithms were able to detect both of the previously confirmed antibody specificities, VRC01-like and PG9-like, in donor CHAVI 0219. At the cohort level, analysis of ~150 broadly neutralizing HIV-infected donor samples suggested a potential connection between clade of infection and types of elicited epitope specificities. Most notably, while 10E8-like antibodies were observed in infections from different clades, an enrichment of such antibodies was predicted for clade B samples. Ultimately, such large-scale analyses of antibody responses to HIV-1 infection can help guide the design of epitope-specific vaccines that are tailored to take into account the prevalence of infecting clades within a specific geographic region. Overall, the next-generation NFP technology will be an important tool for the analysis of broadly neutralizing polyclonal antibody responses against HIV-1. HIV-1 remains a significant global health threat, with no effective vaccine against the virus currently available. Since traditional vaccine design efforts have had limited success, much effort in recent years has focused on gaining a better understanding of the ways select individuals are able to effectively neutralize the virus upon natural infection, and to utilize that knowledge for the design of optimized vaccine candidates. Primary emphasis has been placed on characterizing the antibody arm of the immune system, and specifically on antibodies capable of neutralizing the majority of circulating HIV-1 strains. Various experimental techniques can be applied to map the epitope targets of these antibodies, but more recently, the development of computational methods has provided an efficient and accurate alternative for understanding the complex antibody responses to HIV-1 in a given individual. Here, we present the next generation of this computational technology, and show that these new methods have significantly improved accuracy and confidence, and that they enable the interrogation of biologically important questions that can lead to new insights for the design of an effective vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Han R. Altae-Tran
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ryan S. Roark
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Sutton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Felicia Wang
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Salim S. Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - James M. Binley
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Mark Connors
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology-Immunogen Discovery at Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke University Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Wibmer CK, Gorman J, Anthony CS, Mkhize NN, Druz A, York T, Schmidt SD, Labuschagne P, Louder MK, Bailer RT, Abdool Karim SS, Mascola JR, Williamson C, Moore PL, Kwong PD, Morris L. Structure of an N276-Dependent HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Targeting a Rare V5 Glycan Hole Adjacent to the CD4 Binding Site. J Virol 2016; 90:10220-10235. [PMID: 27581986 PMCID: PMC5105658 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01357-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
All HIV-1-infected individuals develop strain-specific neutralizing antibodies to their infecting virus, which in some cases mature into broadly neutralizing antibodies. Defining the epitopes of strain-specific antibodies that overlap conserved sites of vulnerability might provide mechanistic insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies arise. We previously described an HIV-1 clade C-infected donor, CAP257, who developed broadly neutralizing plasma antibodies targeting an N276 glycan-dependent epitope in the CD4 binding site. The initial CD4 binding site response potently neutralized the heterologous tier 2 clade B viral strain RHPA, which was used to design resurfaced gp120 antigens for single-B-cell sorting. Here we report the isolation and structural characterization of CAP257-RH1, an N276 glycan-dependent CD4 binding site antibody representative of the early CD4 binding site plasma response in donor CAP257. The cocrystal structure of CAP257-RH1 bound to RHPA gp120 revealed critical interactions with the N276 glycan, loop D, and V5, but not with aspartic acid 368, similarly to HJ16 and 179NC75. The CAP257-RH1 monoclonal antibody was derived from the immunoglobulin-variable IGHV3-33 and IGLV3-10 genes and neutralized RHPA but not the transmitted/founder virus from donor CAP257. Its narrow neutralization breadth was attributed to a binding angle that was incompatible with glycosylated V5 loops present in almost all HIV-1 strains, including the CAP257 transmitted/founder virus. Deep sequencing of autologous CAP257 viruses, however, revealed minority variants early in infection that lacked V5 glycans. These glycan-free V5 loops are unusual holes in the glycan shield that may have been necessary for initiating this N276 glycan-dependent CD4 binding site B-cell lineage. IMPORTANCE The conserved CD4 binding site on gp120 is a major target for HIV-1 vaccine design, but key events in the elicitation and maturation of different antibody lineages to this site remain elusive. Studies have shown that strain-specific antibodies can evolve into broadly neutralizing antibodies or in some cases act as helper lineages. Therefore, characterizing the epitopes of strain-specific antibodies may help to inform the design of HIV-1 immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we isolate a narrowly neutralizing N276 glycan-dependent antibody and use X-ray crystallography and viral deep sequencing to describe how gp120 lacking glycans in V5 might have elicited these early glycan-dependent CD4 binding site antibodies. These data highlight how glycan holes can play a role in the elicitation of B-cell lineages targeting the CD4 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kurt Wibmer
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin S Anthony
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla N Mkhize
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aliaksandr Druz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Talita York
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Labuschagne
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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40
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Tian M, Cheng C, Chen X, Duan H, Cheng HL, Dao M, Sheng Z, Kimble M, Wang L, Lin S, Schmidt SD, Du Z, Joyce MG, Chen Y, DeKosky BJ, Chen Y, Normandin E, Cantor E, Chen RE, Doria-Rose NA, Zhang Y, Shi W, Kong WP, Choe M, Henry AR, Laboune F, Georgiev IS, Huang PY, Jain S, McGuire AT, Georgeson E, Menis S, Douek DC, Schief WR, Stamatatos L, Kwong PD, Shapiro L, Haynes BF, Mascola JR, Alt FW. Induction of HIV Neutralizing Antibody Lineages in Mice with Diverse Precursor Repertoires. Cell 2016; 166:1471-1484.e18. [PMID: 27610571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design of immunogens that elicit broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) has been a major obstacle to HIV-1 vaccine development. One approach to assess potential immunogens is to use mice expressing precursors of human bnAbs as vaccination models. The bnAbs of the VRC01-class derive from the IGHV1-2 immunoglobulin heavy chain and neutralize a wide spectrum of HIV-1 strains via targeting the CD4 binding site of the envelope glycoprotein gp120. We now describe a mouse vaccination model that allows a germline human IGHV1-2(∗)02 segment to undergo normal V(D)J recombination and, thereby, leads to the generation of peripheral B cells that express a highly diverse repertoire of VRC01-related receptors. When sequentially immunized with modified gp120 glycoproteins designed to engage VRC01 germline and intermediate antibodies, IGHV1-2(∗)02-rearranging mice, which also express a VRC01-antibody precursor light chain, can support the affinity maturation of VRC01 precursor antibodies into HIV-neutralizing antibody lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongying Duan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hwei-Ling Cheng
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mai Dao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Kimble
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sherry Lin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhou Du
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yimin Chen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica Normandin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cantor
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Huang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suvi Jain
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Eric Georgeson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02129, USA; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Frederick W Alt
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yamamoto T, Lynch RM, Gautam R, Matus-Nicodemos R, Schmidt SD, Boswell KL, Darko S, Wong P, Sheng Z, Petrovas C, McDermott AB, Seder RA, Keele BF, Shapiro L, Douek DC, Nishimura Y, Mascola JR, Martin MA, Koup RA. Quality and quantity of TFH cells are critical for broad antibody development in SHIVAD8 infection. Sci Transl Med 2016. [PMID: 26223303 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) protect against HIV-1 infection, yet how they are generated during chronic infection remains unclear. It is known that T follicular helper (TFH) cells are needed to promote affinity maturation of B cells during an immune response; however, the role of TFH during HIV-1 infection is undefined within lymph node germinal centers (GCs). We use nonhuman primates to investigate the relationship in the early stage of chronic SHIVAD8 (simian-human immunodeficiency virus AD8) infection between envelope (Env)-specific TFH cells, Env-specific B cells, virus, and the generation of bNAbs during later infection. We found that both the frequency and quality of Env-specific TFH cells were associated with an expansion of Env-specific immunoglobulin G-positive GC B cells and broader neutralization across HIV clades. We also found a correlation between breadth of neutralization and the degree of somatic hypermutation in Env-specific memory B cells. Finally, we observed high viral loads and greater diversity of Env sequences in rhesus macaques that developed cross-reactive neutralization as compared to those that did not. These studies highlight the importance of boosting high-quality TFH populations as part of a robust vaccine regimen aimed at eliciting bNabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamamoto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rodrigo Matus-Nicodemos
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patrick Wong
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Humoral Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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42
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Gautam R, Nishimura Y, Pegu A, Nason MC, Klein F, Gazumyan A, Golijanin J, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Wang K, Mankoff Z, Schmidt SD, Lifson JD, Mascola JR, Nussenzweig MC, Martin MA. A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges. Nature 2016; 533:105-109. [PMID: 27120156 DOI: 10.1038/nature17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of potent anti-retroviral drugs in controlling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, little progress has been made in generating an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Although passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies can protect mice or macaques against a single high-dose challenge with HIV or simian/human (SIV/HIV) chimaeric viruses (SHIVs) respectively, the long-term efficacy of a passive antibody transfer approach for HIV-1 has not been examined. Here we show, on the basis of the relatively long-term protection conferred by hepatitis A immune globulin, the efficacy of a single injection (20 mg kg(-1)) of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (VRC01, VRC01-LS, 3BNC117, and 10-1074 (refs 9 - 12)) in blocking repeated weekly low-dose virus challenges of the clade B SHIVAD8. Compared with control animals, which required two to six challenges (median = 3) for infection, a single broadly neutralizing antibody infusion prevented virus acquisition for up to 23 weekly challenges. This effect depended on antibody potency and half-life. The highest levels of plasma-neutralizing activity and, correspondingly, the longest protection were found in monkeys administered the more potent antibodies 3BNC117 and 10-1074 (median = 13 and 12.5 weeks, respectively). VRC01, which showed lower plasma-neutralizing activity, protected for a shorter time (median = 8 weeks). The introduction of a mutation that extends antibody half-life into the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of VRC01 increased median protection from 8 to 14.5 weeks. If administered to populations at high risk of HIV-1 transmission, such an immunoprophylaxis regimen could have a major impact on virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Martha C Nason
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jovana Golijanin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Alicia Buckler-White
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Reza Sadjadpour
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Zachary Mankoff
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Cheng C, Wang L, Ko SY, Kong WP, Schmidt SD, Gall JGD, Colloca S, Seder RA, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Combination recombinant simian or chimpanzee adenoviral vectors for vaccine development. Vaccine 2015; 33:7344-7351. [PMID: 26514419 PMCID: PMC11059210 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviral vector (rAd)-based vaccines are currently being developed for several infectious diseases and cancer therapy, but pre-existing seroprevalence to such vectors may prevent their use in broad human populations. In this study, we investigated the potential of low seroprevalence non-human primate rAd vectors to stimulate cellular and humoral responses using HIV/SIV Env glycoprotein (gp) as the representative antigen. Mice were immunized with novel simian or chimpanzee rAd (rSAV or rChAd) vectors encoding HIV gp or SIV gp by single immunization or in heterologous prime/boost combinations (DNA/rAd; rAd/rAd; rAd/NYVAC or rAd/rLCM), and adaptive immunity was assessed. Among the rSAV and rChAd tested, rSAV16 or rChAd3 vector alone generated the most potent immune responses. The DNA/rSAV regimen also generated immune responses similar to the DNA/rAd5 regimen. rChAd63/rChAd3 and rChAd3 /NYVAC induced similar or even higher levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and IgG responses as compared to rAd28/rAd5, one of the most potent combinations of human rAds. The optimized vaccine regimen stimulated improved cellular immune responses and neutralizing antibodies against HIV compared to the DNA/rAd5 regimen. Based on these results, this type of novel rAd vector and its prime/boost combination regimens represent promising candidates for vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- AIDS Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Adenoviruses, Simian/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Simian/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- SAIDS Vaccines/genetics
- SAIDS Vaccines/immunology
- SAIDS Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/isolation & purification
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Sung-Youl Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Jason G D Gall
- GenVec, Inc., 65 West Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | | | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, United States.
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Pegu A, Yang ZY, Boyington JC, Wu L, Ko SY, Schmidt SD, McKee K, Kong WP, Shi W, Chen X, Todd JP, Letvin NL, Huang J, Nason MC, Hoxie JA, Kwong PD, Connors M, Rao SS, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 envelope protect more effectively in vivo than those to the CD4 receptor. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:243ra88. [PMID: 24990883 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection depends on effective viral entry mediated by the interaction of its envelope (Env) glycoprotein with specific cell surface receptors. Protective antiviral antibodies generated by passive or active immunization must prevent these interactions. Because the HIV-1 Env is highly variable, attention has also focused on blocking the HIV-1 primary cell receptor CD4. We therefore analyzed the in vivo protective efficacy of three potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to HIV-1 Env compared to an antibody against the CD4 receptor. Protection was assessed after mucosal challenge of rhesus macaques with simian/HIV (SHIV). Despite its comparable or greater neutralization potency in vitro, the anti-CD4 antibody did not provide effective protection in vivo, whereas the HIV-1-specific mAbs VRC01, 10E8, and PG9, targeting the CD4 binding site, membrane-proximal, and V1V2 glycan Env regions, respectively, conferred complete protection, albeit at different relative potencies. These findings demonstrate the protective efficacy of broadly neutralizing antibodies directed to the HIV-1 Env and suggest that targeting the HIV-1 Env is preferable to the cell surface receptor CD4 for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhi-yong Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Boyington
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sung-Youl Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krisha McKee
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Norman L Letvin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, RE113, P. O. Box 15732, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinghe Huang
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha C Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James A Hoxie
- Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Srinivas S Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Sheng Z, Francica JR, Nishimura Y, Schmidt SD, Lynch R, Darko S, Zhang Z, Jaeger F, Alam M, Douek D, Mascola JR, Martin MA, Seder RA, Shapiro L. Longitudinal Antibody Development in SHIV AD8 Infected Non-Human Primate. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5234.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhang Sheng
- Columbia University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph R. Francica
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Nishimura
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Lynch
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sam Darko
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Columbia University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, New York, NY, United States
- Southern Medical University, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frederick Jaeger
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Munir Alam
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Douek
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John R. Mascola
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Malcolm A. Martin
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert A. Seder
- National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Columbia University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, New York, NY, United States
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46
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Ko SY, Pegu A, Rudicell RS, Yang ZY, Joyce MG, Chen X, Wang K, Bao S, Kraemer TD, Rath T, Zeng M, Schmidt SD, Todd JP, Penzak SR, Saunders KO, Nason MC, Haase AT, Rao SS, Blumberg RS, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Enhanced neonatal Fc receptor function improves protection against primate SHIV infection. Nature 2014; 514:642-5. [PMID: 25119033 DOI: 10.1038/nature13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) must be active at the portals of viral entry in the gastrointestinal or cervicovaginal tracts. The localization and persistence of antibodies at these sites is influenced by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), whose role in protecting against infection in vivo has not been defined. Here, we show that a bnAb with enhanced FcRn binding has increased gut mucosal tissue localization, which improves protection against lentiviral infection in non-human primates. A bnAb directed to the CD4-binding site of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein (denoted VRC01) was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to increase its binding affinity for FcRn. This enhanced FcRn-binding mutant bnAb, denoted VRC01-LS, displayed increased transcytosis across human FcRn-expressing cellular monolayers in vitro while retaining FcγRIIIa binding and function, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, at levels similar to VRC01 (the wild type). VRC01-LS had a threefold longer serum half-life than VRC01 in non-human primates and persisted in the rectal mucosa even when it was no longer detectable in the serum. Notably, VRC01-LS mediated protection superior to that afforded by VRC01 against intrarectal infection with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). These findings suggest that modification of FcRn binding provides a mechanism not only to increase serum half-life but also to enhance mucosal localization that confers immune protection. Mutations that enhance FcRn function could therefore increase the potency and durability of passive immunization strategies to prevent HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Youl Ko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Rebecca S Rudicell
- 1] Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA [2] Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA (R.S.R., Z.-Y.Y. and G.J.N.); Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-8505, USA (M.Z.); University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-340J, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA (S.R.P.)
| | - Zhi-yong Yang
- 1] Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA [2] Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA (R.S.R., Z.-Y.Y. and G.J.N.); Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-8505, USA (M.Z.); University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-340J, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA (S.R.P.)
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Keyun Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Saran Bao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Thomas D Kraemer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham &Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Timo Rath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham &Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ming Zeng
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA [2] Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA (R.S.R., Z.-Y.Y. and G.J.N.); Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-8505, USA (M.Z.); University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-340J, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA (S.R.P.)
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Scott R Penzak
- 1] Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA [2] Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA (R.S.R., Z.-Y.Y. and G.J.N.); Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-8505, USA (M.Z.); University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-340J, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA (S.R.P.)
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Martha C Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6700A Rockledge Drive, Room 5235, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ashley T Haase
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Srinivas S Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham &Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- 1] Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005, USA [2] Sanofi, 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA (R.S.R., Z.-Y.Y. and G.J.N.); Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-8505, USA (M.Z.); University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, RES-340J, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA (S.R.P.)
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47
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Shingai M, Donau OK, Schmidt SD, Gautam R, Plishka RJ, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Lee WR, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Mascola JR, Nishimura Y, Martin MA. Most rhesus macaques infected with the CCR5-tropic SHIV(AD8) generate cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize multiple HIV-1 strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19769-74. [PMID: 23129652 PMCID: PMC3511737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217443109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of broadly reacting neutralizing antibodies has been a major goal of HIV vaccine research. Characterization of a pathogenic CCR5 (R5)-tropic SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) molecular clone (SHIV(AD8-EO)) revealed that eight of eight infected animals developed cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed against an envelope glycoprotein derived from the heterologous HIV-1(DH12) strain. A panel of plasmas, collected from monkeys inoculated with either molecularly cloned or uncloned SHIV(AD8) stocks, exhibited cross-neutralization against multiple tier 1 and tier 2 HIV-1 clade B isolates. One SHIV(AD8)-infected animal also developed NAbs against clades A and C HIV-1 strains. In this particular infected macaque, the cross-reacting anti-HIV-1 NAbs produced between weeks 7 and 13 were directed against a neutralization-sensitive virus strain, whereas neutralizing activities emerging at weeks 41-51 targeted more neutralization-resistant HIV-1 isolates. These results indicate that the SHIV(AD8) macaque model represents a potentially valuable experimental system for investigating B-cell maturation and the induction of cross-reactive NAbs directed against multiple HIV-1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen D. Schmidt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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48
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Georgiev I, Acharya P, Schmidt SD, Li Y, Wycuff D, Ofek G, Doria-Rose N, Luongo TS, Yang Y, Zhou T, Donald BR, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Design of epitope-specific probes for sera analysis and antibody isolation. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442034 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Acharya P, Luongo TS, Matz J, Schmidt SD, Chuang G, Georgiev I, Kessler P, Yang Y, Chames P, Martin L, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Structural definition of a novel CD4-induced epitope that is targeted by a single-headed immunoglobulin to effect broad and potent HIV neutralization. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441789 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Dai K, Boyington JC, Shi W, Schmidt SD, Georgiev I, Lingwood D, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Yang Z, Nabel GJ. Hyperglycosylated resurfaced stabilized GP120 core as an immunogen elicits antibodies targeted at the CD4-binding site. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441875 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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