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Bollman B, Nunna N, Bahl K, Hsiao CJ, Bennett H, Butler S, Foreman B, Burgomaster KE, Aleshnick M, Kong WP, Fisher BE, Ruckwardt TJ, Morabito KM, Graham BS, Dowd KA, Pierson TC, Carfi A. An optimized messenger RNA vaccine candidate protects non-human primates from Zika virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:58. [PMID: 37080988 PMCID: PMC10119314 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, was identified as a cause of congenital disease during a major outbreak in the Americas in 2016. Vaccine design strategies relied on limited available isolate sequence information due to the rapid response necessary. The first-generation ZIKV mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1325, was initially generated and, as additional strain sequences became available, a second mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1893, was developed. Herein, we compared the immune responses following mRNA-1325 and mRNA-1893 vaccination and reported that mRNA-1893 generated comparable neutralizing antibody titers to mRNA-1325 at 1/20th of the dose and provided complete protection from ZIKV challenge in non-human primates. In-depth characterization of these vaccines indicated that the observed immunologic differences could be attributed to a single amino acid residue difference that compromised mRNA-1325 virus-like particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryant Foreman
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maya Aleshnick
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian E Fisher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Logue J, Johnson RM, Patel N, Zhou B, Maciejewski S, Foreman B, Zhou H, Portnoff AD, Tian JH, Rehman A, McGrath ME, Haupt RE, Weston SM, Baracco L, Hammond H, Guebre-Xabier M, Dillen C, Madhangi M, Greene AM, Massare MJ, Glenn GM, Smith G, Frieman MB. Immunogenicity and protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1130. [PMID: 36854666 PMCID: PMC9972327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged with elevated transmission and a higher risk of infection for vaccinated individuals. We demonstrate that a recombinant prefusion-stabilized spike (rS) protein vaccine based on Beta/B.1.351 (rS-Beta) produces a robust anamnestic response in baboons against SARS-CoV-2 variants when given as a booster one year after immunization with NVX-CoV2373. Additionally, rS-Beta is highly immunogenic in mice and produces neutralizing antibodies against WA1/2020, Beta/B.1.351, and Omicron/BA.1. Mice vaccinated with two doses of Novavax prototype NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1) or rS-Beta alone, in combination, or heterologous prime-boost, are protected from challenge. Virus titer is undetectable in lungs in all vaccinated mice, and Th1-skewed cellular responses are observed. We tested sera from a panel of variant spike protein vaccines and find broad neutralization and inhibition of spike:ACE2 binding from the rS-Beta and rS-Delta vaccines against a variety of variants including Omicron. This study demonstrates that rS-Beta vaccine alone or in combination with rS-WU1 induces antibody-and cell-mediated responses that are protective against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variants and offers broader neutralizing capacity than a rS-WU1 prime/boost regimen alone. Together, these nonhuman primate and murine data suggest a Beta variant booster dose could elicit a broad immune response to fight new and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Logue
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert M Johnson
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Bryant Foreman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Jing-Hui Tian
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Asma Rehman
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert E Haupt
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stuart M Weston
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Holly Hammond
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 1164, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Carly Dillen
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - M Madhangi
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ann M Greene
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | | | - Greg M Glenn
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc, 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Jagger BW, Dowd KA, Chen RE, Desai P, Foreman B, Burgomaster KE, Himansu S, Kong WP, Graham BS, Pierson TC, Diamond MS. Protective Efficacy of Nucleic Acid Vaccines Against Transmission of Zika Virus During Pregnancy in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:1577-1588. [PMID: 31260518 PMCID: PMC6782106 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an epidemic of congenital malformations in 2015-2016. Although many vaccine candidates have been generated, few have demonstrated efficacy against congenital ZIKV infection. Here, we evaluated lipid-encapsulated messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and a DNA plasmid vaccine encoding the prM-E genes of ZIKV in mouse models of congenital infection. Although the DNA vaccine provided comparable efficacy against vertical transmission of ZIKV, the mRNA vaccines, including one that minimizes antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, elicited higher levels of antigen-specific long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Despite the induction of robust neutralizing antibody titers by all vaccines, breakthrough seeding of the placenta and fetal head was observed in a small subset of type I interferon signaling-deficient immunocompromised dams. In comparison, evaluation of one of the mRNA vaccines in a human STAT2-knockin transgenic immunocompetent mouse showed complete protection against congenital ZIKV transmission. These data will inform ongoing human ZIKV vaccine development efforts and enhance our understanding of the correlates of vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Jagger
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryant Foreman
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Roberts H, Parikh A, Yeap B, Van Seventer E, Matlack L, Foreman B, Ly L, Drapek L, Eyler C, Zhu A, Ryan D, Hong T, Wo J. Evaluating the Impact of Combination of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab to Liver/Lung SBRT on Local Control for Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Two Prospective Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Parikh A, Clark J, Wo J, Yeap B, Allen J, Blaszkowsky L, Ryan D, Giantonio B, Weekes C, Zhu A, Van Seventer E, Ly L, Matlack L, Foreman B, Drapek L, Ting D, Corcoran R, Hong T. Proof of concept of the abscopal effect in MSS GI cancers: A phase 2 study of ipilimumab and nivolumab with radiation in metastatic pancreatic and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz154.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mahfoud ZR, Gkantaras I, Topping AE, Cannaby AM, Foreman B, Watson R, Thompson DR, Gray R. The educational preparation of nurses in a developing economy and patient mortality. Int Nurs Rev 2018; 65:434-440. [PMID: 29498040 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have reported that higher levels (baccalaureate degree) of educational attainment by nurses are associated with lower levels of patient mortality. Researchers working in developed economies (e.g. North America and Europe) have almost exclusively conducted these studies. The value of baccalaureate nurse education has not been tested in countries with a developing economy. METHOD A retrospective observational study conducted in seven hospitals. Patient mortality was the main outcome of interest. Anonymized data were extracted from nurses and patients from two different administrative sources and linked using the staff identification number that exists in both systems. We used bivariate logistic regression models to test the association between mortality and the educational attainment of the admitting nurse (responsible for assessment and care planning). RESULTS Data were extracted for 11 918 (12, 830 admissions) patients and 7415 nurses over the first 6 months of 2015. The majority of nurses were educated in South Asia and just over half were educated to at least bachelor degree level. After adjusting for confounding and clustering, nurse education was not found to be associated with mortality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Our observations may suggest that in a developing economy, the academic level of nurses' education is not associated with a reduction in patient mortality. Findings should be interpreted with considerable caution but do challenge widely held assumptions about the value of baccalaureate-prepared nurses. Further research focused on nursing education in developing economies is required to inform health policy and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - B Foreman
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Watson
- The University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - D R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - R Gray
- La Trobe University and Healthscope, Melbourne, Australia
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Cannaby AM, Gkantaras I, Finn A, Foreman B, Butler G, Topping A, Gray R. Implementing a nursing systems framework in a developing country. Int Nurs Rev 2017; 64:345-352. [PMID: 28597916 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the effect on patient mortality of implementing a nursing systems framework across a national health system. BACKGROUND There have been five previous observational studies that have tested the effect of a nursing systems framework on clinical outcomes for patients. Implementation of a nursing systems framework in the health system of a developing country has not been evaluated. DESIGN Quasi-experimental (before and after) study. METHOD A nursing systems framework consisting of six themes: (i) Professionalisation; (ii) Education; (iii) Structure; (iv) Quality of nursing care; (v) An academic health system; and (vi) Communication (Professional), was implemented across the national health system of Qatar in March 2015. Routine administrative data were extracted (March 2014-February 2016) for elective admissions. Our primary and secondary outcomes were, respectively, all cause mortality at discharge and readmission to hospital (within 28 days of discharge). We split the data into two time periods: before (March 2014-February 2015) and after (March 2015-February 2016) the implementation of the nursing systems framework. Multivariable regression modelling was used to examine the effect of the framework on patient mortality, after adjusting for key confounding variables (patient age, episode acuity, intensive care admission and length of stay). FINDINGS Data were extracted for 318 548 patients (year 1 = 130 829; year 2 = 187 725). After adjusting for confounding, there was a significant association between the implementation of the nursing systems framework, mortality and readmission. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY AND PRACTICE Our observations suggest that the implementation of a nursing systems framework may be important in improving outcomes for patients in emerging health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cannaby
- Department of Nursing, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - A Finn
- Independent Consultant, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Foreman
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - G Butler
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Topping
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Gray
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Foreman B, Alimova I, Harris P, Balakrishnan I, Prince E, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S. MB-26 * TARGETING MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH A NEW SMALL-MOLECULE DRUG THAT INHIBITS MYC MEDIATED TRANSLATION. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Minen M, Rodman A, Foreman B, Motiwala R, Pullman S, Weiss M, Ford B. Clinical reasoning: a 40-year-old man with tremor and seizure. Neurology 2011; 77:e88-92. [PMID: 21987645 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823303c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Minen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Larocca RV, Cervera A, Hargis JB, Glisson SD, Goldsmith GH, Laureano MAM, Foreman B. High-dose (HD) irinotecan in patients with recurrent unresectable high-grade gliomas on glucoronidation-enhancing anticonvulsants (GEACs): A phase I/II study. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Cervera
- Kentuckiana Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Foreman
- Kentuckiana Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY
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Arnar DO, Van Why KJ, Gleed K, Foreman B, Hopson JR, Lee HC, Martins JB. Effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on the QRS duration of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram. Am Heart J 1997; 134:395-8. [PMID: 9327693 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D O Arnar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Abstract
The ability of moderately well-developed coronary collateral vessels to undergo vasoconstriction in response to alpha-adrenergic stimulation and to ergonovine was studied. Studies were performed in 15 dogs 4-16 wk after embolic occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery had been performed to stimulate collateral vessel growth. Interarterial collateral flow was measured as retrograde flow from the cannulated left anterior descending coronary artery, while microvascular collateral flow was measured as continuing tissue flow determined with radioactive microspheres administered during the retrograde flow collection. Studies were performed after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Neither cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation nor alpha 1-adrenergic stimulation with phenylephrine caused significant change in retrograde blood flow or myocardial tissue flow. The selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, B-HT 933, decreased tissue flow in the collateral-dependent region but did not significantly alter retrograde flow. Although these data indicate that intramural microvascular collateral communications are capable of vasoconstriction in response to alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation, the larger interarterial collaterals are unresponsive to alpha-adrenergic influences. However, under the conditions of the experiment, adrenergic activity did not appear to influence collateral function, since neither alpha 1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin nor alpha 2-adrenergic blockade with rauwolscine altered collateral flow. Ergonovine, 0.2-0.8 microgram.kg-1.min-1, caused a 22 +/- 4% decrease in retrograde flow (P less than 0.01) but did not alter microvascular collateral flow. Thus, of the agents tested, only ergonovine caused vasoconstriction of the large interarterial coronary collateral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bache
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on coronary collateral blood flow. Studies were performed in nine adult mongrel dogs 3.4 months after embolic occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery had been performed to stimulate collateral vessel growth. At the time of study the anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated to allow estimation of interarterial collateral flow from measurements of retrograde blood flow. Injection of radioactive microspheres during retrograde flow collection allowed simultaneous determination of continuing tissue flow for evaluation of microvascular collateral communications. Atrial natriuretic peptide in doses of 20 and 200 micrograms administered into the left atrium resulted in 17 +/- 3.0% and 34 +/- 4.5% increases in retrograde flow, respectively (each p less than 0.01). Tissue flow in the collateral dependent myocardial region did not change in response to atrial natriuretic peptide. After the larger dose of atrial natriuretic peptide, the administration of nitroglycerin (10 micrograms/kg into the left atrium) caused no further increase of retrograde blood flow, and no further decrease of collateral vascular resistance. These data indicate that atrial natriuretic peptide causes vasodilation of moderately well-developed interarterial coronary collateral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Foreman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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Cafruny WA, Chan SP, Harty JT, Yousefi S, Kowalchyk K, McDonald D, Foreman B, Budweg G, Plagemann PG. Antibody response of mice to lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus during infection and immunization with inactivated virus. Virus Res 1986; 5:357-75. [PMID: 3022497 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(86)90029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c and Swiss mice were infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) or immunized with glutaraldehyde-inactivated or ether-extracted virus and their plasma was monitored for anti-LDV IgG and IgM levels by ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody staining, for neutralizing antibodies, for sensitized antibody-virus complexes, for immune complexes, and for total plasma IgG and IgM. In infected mice, anti-LDV IgM was transiently formed during the first 2 weeks post infection (p.i.) but only at a low level. Anti-LDV IgG was produced in a biphasic manner with an initial peak at about 10 days p.i. and a secondary rise reaching a maximum level 30-80 days p.i. which was retained throughout the persistent phase of infection. The concomitant appearance of comparable levels of low molecular weight immune complexes suggests that most anti-LDV IgG was complexed with LDV proteins. Also, as early as 10 days p.i., infectious antibody-LDV complexes developed, which were neutralizable by rabbit anti-mouse IgG, whereas antibodies that neutralize the infectivity of exogenously added LDV appeared only 1-2 months p.i. Throughout infection, most of the anti-LDV IgG was directed to VP-3, the envelope glycoprotein of LDV, which was found to exist in at least 10 distinct forms ranging in molecular weight from 24 to 42 kDa. Anti-LDV IgG levels as high as those observed in infected mice developed in mice immunized with inactivated LDV. Antibodies to glutaraldehyde-inactivated LDV were also mainly directed to VP-3, but exhibited no neutralizing activity. The polyclonal B cell activation associated with a persistent LDV infection and the formation of immune complexes were not observed in mice immunized with inactivated virus.
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