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Pilz LK, Xavier NB, Levandovski R, Oliveira MAB, Tonon AC, Constantino DB, Machado V, Roenneberg T, Hidalgo MP. Circadian Strain, Light Exposure, and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Communities of Southern Brazil. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:779136. [PMID: 36925579 PMCID: PMC10013026 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.779136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Irregular light-dark cycles and circadian/sleep disturbances have been suggested as risk or co-occurring factors in depression. Among a set of metrics developed to quantify strain on the circadian system, social jetlag (SJL) has been put forward as a measure of the discrepancy between biological and social clocks. Here, we approached the question on whether light exposure and SJL would also be associated with depressive symptoms in Quilombola communities in Southern Brazil. These rural communities are void of potential confounders of modern lifestyles and show low levels of SJL. 210 Quilombolas (age range 16-92; 56% women) were asked about their sleep times and light exposure using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Additionally, we analyzed 7-day actimetry recordings in 124 subjects. BDI scores higher than 10 (having clinically significant depressive symptoms; controlled for age and sex in the multivariate analysis) were positively associated with SJL >1 h and negatively associated with median light exposure during the day, especially in the morning from 8:00 to 10:00. Our results suggest that low light exposure during the day, and higher levels of SJL are associated with depressive symptoms; longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, we highlight the potential of treatment strategies aimed at decreasing circadian strain and insufficient light exposure, which are suggested as areas of further research in Psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa K Pilz
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Nicóli B Xavier
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosa Levandovski
- PPG Avaliação e Produção de Tecnologias para o SUS, GHC, PPG Saúde Coletiva, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Melissa A B Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André C Tonon
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora B Constantino
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valdomiro Machado
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Maria Paz Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, HCPA/ UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Souza AMD, Resende SS, Sousa TND, Brito CFAD. A systematic scoping review of the genetic ancestry of the Brazilian population. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:495-508. [PMID: 31188926 PMCID: PMC6905439 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of the Brazilian population is mainly characterized by
three parental populations: European, African, and Native American. The aim of
this study was to overview the genetic ancestry estimates for different
Brazilian geographic regions and analyze factors involved in these estimates. In
this systematic scoping review were included 51 studies, comprehending 81
populations of 19 states from five regions of Brazil. To reduce the potential of
bias from studies with different sampling methods, we calculated the mean
genetic ancestry weighted by the number of individuals. The weighted mean
proportions of European, African, and Native American ancestries were 68.1%,
19.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. At the regional level, the highest European
contribution occurred in the South, while the highest African and Native
American contributions occurred in the Northeastern and Northern regions,
respectively. Among states in the Northeast region, Bahia and Ceará showed
significant differences, suggesting distinct demographic histories. This review
contributes for a broader understanding of the Brazilian ancestry and indicates
that the ancestry estimates are influenced by the type of molecular marker and
the sampling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracele Maria de Souza
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah Stela Resende
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Taís Nóbrega de Sousa
- Research Group in Molecular Biology and Immunology of Malaria, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Kimura L, Nunes K, Macedo-Souza LI, Rocha J, Meyer D, Mingroni-Netto RC. Inferring paternal history of rural African-derived Brazilian populations from Y chromosomes. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27761960 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quilombo remnants are relics of communities founded by runaway or abandoned African slaves, but often with subsequent extensive and complex admixture patterns with European and Native Americans. We combine a genetic study of Y-chromosome markers with anthropological surveys in order to obtain a portrait of quilombo structure and history in the region that has the largest number of quilombo remnants in the state of São Paulo. METHODS Samples from 289 individuals from quilombo remnants were genotyped using a set of 17 microsatellites on the Y chromosome (AmpFlSTR-Yfiler). A subset of 82 samples was also genotyped using SNPs array (Axiom Human Origins-Affymetrix). We estimated haplotype and haplogroup frequencies, haplotype diversity and sharing, and pairwise genetic distances through FST and RST indexes. RESULTS We identified 95 Y chromosome haplotypes, classified into 15 haplogroups. About 63% are European, 32% are African, and 6% Native American. The most common were: R1b (European, 34.2%), E1b1a (African, 32.3%), J1 (European, 6.9%), and Q (Native American, 6.2%). Genetic differentiation among communities was low (FST = 0.0171; RST = 0.0161), and haplotype sharing was extensive. Genetic, genealogical and oral surveys allowed us to detect five main founder haplotypes, which explained a total of 27.7% of the Y chromosome lineages. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a high European patrilineal genetic contribution among the founders of quilombos, high amounts of gene flow, and a recent common origin of these populations. Common haplotypes and genealogical data indicate the origin of quilombos from a few male individuals. Our study reinforces the importance of a dual approach, involving the analysis of both anthropological and genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Kimura
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, CEP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, CEP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Inês Macedo-Souza
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, CEP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Diogo Meyer
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, CEP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Mingroni-Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, CEP, 05508-090, Brazil
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Kehdy FSG, Gouveia MH, Machado M, Magalhães WCS, Horimoto AR, Horta BL, Moreira RG, Leal TP, Scliar MO, Soares-Souza GB, Rodrigues-Soares F, Araújo GS, Zamudio R, Sant Anna HP, Santos HC, Duarte NE, Fiaccone RL, Figueiredo CA, Silva TM, Costa GNO, Beleza S, Berg DE, Cabrera L, Debortoli G, Duarte D, Ghirotto S, Gilman RH, Gonçalves VF, Marrero AR, Muniz YC, Weissensteiner H, Yeager M, Rodrigues LC, Barreto ML, Lima-Costa MF, Pereira AC, Rodrigues MR, Tarazona-Santos E. Origin and dynamics of admixture in Brazilians and its effect on the pattern of deleterious mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8696-701. [PMID: 26124090 PMCID: PMC4507185 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504447112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While South Americans are underrepresented in human genomic diversity studies, Brazil has been a classical model for population genetics studies on admixture. We present the results of the EPIGEN Brazil Initiative, the most comprehensive up-to-date genomic analysis of any Latin-American population. A population-based genome-wide analysis of 6,487 individuals was performed in the context of worldwide genomic diversity to elucidate how ancestry, kinship, and inbreeding interact in three populations with different histories from the Northeast (African ancestry: 50%), Southeast, and South (both with European ancestry >70%) of Brazil. We showed that ancestry-positive assortative mating permeated Brazilian history. We traced European ancestry in the Southeast/South to a wider European/Middle Eastern region with respect to the Northeast, where ancestry seems restricted to Iberia. By developing an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we infer more recent European immigration to the Southeast/South than to the Northeast. Also, the observed low Native-American ancestry (6-8%) was mostly introduced in different regions of Brazil soon after the European Conquest. We broadened our understanding of the African diaspora, the major destination of which was Brazil, by revealing that Brazilians display two within-Africa ancestry components: one associated with non-Bantu/western Africans (more evident in the Northeast and African Americans) and one associated with Bantu/eastern Africans (more present in the Southeast/South). Furthermore, the whole-genome analysis of 30 individuals (42-fold deep coverage) shows that continental admixture rather than local post-Columbian history is the main and complex determinant of the individual amount of deleterious genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S G Kehdy
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus H Gouveia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Moara Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner C S Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea R Horimoto
- Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-900, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo L Horta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 464, 96001-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rennan G Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marilia O Scliar
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giordano B Soares-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gilderlanio S Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roxana Zamudio
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hanaisa P Sant Anna
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hadassa C Santos
- Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-900, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nubia E Duarte
- Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-900, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire L Fiaccone
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camila A Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40110-100, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Silva
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo N O Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sandra Beleza
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas E Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Lilia Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), 170070, Lima, Peru
| | - Guilherme Debortoli
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denise Duarte
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205; Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidade Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 15102, Lima, Peru
| | - Vanessa F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Section, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Andrea R Marrero
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara C Muniz
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20850
| | - Laura C Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio L Barreto
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40110-040, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, 05403-900, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra R Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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