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Pomeroy E. Review: The different adaptive trajectories in Neanderthals and Homo sapiens and their implications for contemporary human physiological variation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 280:111420. [PMID: 37001690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Neanderthals are our one of our closest evolutionary cousins, but while they evolved in Eurasia, we (anatomically modern humans, AMH) originated in Africa. This contrasting evolutionary history has led to morphological and genetic distinctions between our species. Neanderthals are characterised by a relatively stocky build, high body mass, proportionally wide bodies and shorter limbs, a bell-shaped ribcage with a wide pelvis, and a long, low cranial vault compared with AMH. Classic readings of Neanderthal morphology link many of these traits to cold climate adaptations, however these interpretations have been questioned and alternative hypotheses including behavioural factors, dietary adaptations, locomotor specialisations, evolutionary history and neutral evolutionary processes have been invoked. Compared with AMH, Neanderthals may have been adapted for strength and power rather than endurance and may have consumed a diet high in animal products. However, reviewing these hypotheses highlights a number of limitations in our understanding of contemporary human physiology and metabolism, including the relationship between climate and morphology in AMH and Neanderthals, physiological limits on protein consumption, and the relationship between gut morphology and diet. As various relevant factors are clearly linked (e.g. diet, behaviour, metabolism, morphology, activity), ultimately a more integrated approach may be needed to fully understand Neanderthal biology. Variation among contemporary AMHs may offer, with caveats, a useful model for understanding the evolution of both Neanderthal and modern human characteristics, which in turn may further deepen our understanding of variability within and between contemporary humans. Neanderthals; Anatomically modern humans; morphology; climate adaptation; power adaptations; metabolism; diet; physiology; endurance running.
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2
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Late subadult ontogeny and adult aging of the human thorax reveals divergent growth trajectories between sexes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10737. [PMID: 32612141 PMCID: PMC7329879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is an important feature of adult thorax morphology, but when and how sex-related differences in the ribcage arise during ontogeny is poorly known. Previous research proposed that sex-related size differences in the nasal region arise during puberty. Therefore, we explore whether ribcage sexual dimorphism also arises at that time and whether this sexual dimorphism is maintained until old age. We measured 526 (semi)landmarks on 80 CT-based human ribcage reconstructions, on individuals ranging from 7 to 65 year-old. The 3D coordinates were submitted to the Procrustes superimposition and analyzed. Our results show that the trajectories of thorax size and shape between sexes diverge at around 12 years of age, and continue slightly diverging until old age. The differential ontogenetic trends cause adult male ribcages to become deeper, shorter, and wider than female. Our results are consistent with the evidence from the cranial respiratory system, with the development of sexual dimorphism probably related to changes in body composition during puberty combined with changes in the reproductive system.
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Bennett EA, Crevecoeur I, Viola B, Derevianko AP, Shunkov MV, Grange T, Maureille B, Geigl EM. Morphology of the Denisovan phalanx closer to modern humans than to Neanderthals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3950. [PMID: 31517046 PMCID: PMC6726440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fully sequenced high-quality genome has revealed in 2010 the existence of a human population in Asia, the Denisovans, related to and contemporaneous with Neanderthals. Only five skeletal remains are known from Denisovans, mostly molars; the proximal fragment of a fifth finger phalanx used to generate the genome, however, was too incomplete to yield useful morphological information. Here, we demonstrate through ancient DNA analysis that a distal fragment of a fifth finger phalanx from the Denisova Cave is the larger, missing part of this phalanx. Our morphometric analysis shows that its dimensions and shape are within the variability of Homo sapiens and distinct from the Neanderthal fifth finger phalanges. Thus, unlike Denisovan molars, which display archaic characteristics not found in modern humans, the only morphologically informative Denisovan postcranial bone identified to date is suggested here to be plesiomorphic and shared between Denisovans and modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Andrew Bennett
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Bence Viola
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk RU-630090, Russia
| | - Anatoly P. Derevianko
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk RU-630090, Russia
- Altai State University, Barnaul RU-656049, Russia
| | - Michael V. Shunkov
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk RU-630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk RU-630090, Russia
| | - Thierry Grange
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Maureille
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Eva-Maria Geigl
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
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Pablos A, Gómez-Olivencia A, Maureille B, Holliday TW, Madelaine S, Trinkaus E, Couture-Veschambre C. Neandertal foot remains from Regourdou 1 (Montignac-sur-Vézère, Dordogne, France). J Hum Evol 2019; 128:17-44. [PMID: 30825980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regourdou is a well-known Middle Paleolithic site which has yielded the fossil remains of a minimum of two Neandertal individuals. The first individual (Regourdou 1) is represented by a partial skeleton while the second one is represented by a calcaneus. The foot remains of Regourdou 1 have been used in a number of comparative studies, but to date a full description and comparison of all the foot remains from the Regourdou 1 Neandertal, coming from the old excavations and from the recent reanalysis of the faunal remains, does not exist. Here, we describe and comparatively assess the Regourdou 1 tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges. They display traits observed in other Neandertal feet, which are different from some traits of the Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca) hominins and of Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic and recent modern humans. These Neandertal features are: a rectangular talar trochlea with a large lateral malleolar facet, a broad talar head, a broad calcaneus with a projecting sustentaculum tali, a wide and wedged navicular with a projecting medial tubercle, large and wide bases of the lateral metatarsals, and mediolaterally expanded and robust phalanges that also show hallux valgus in a strongly built hallux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Pablos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre La Evolución Humana-CENIEH, Burgos, Spain; Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad de Alcalá-UAH, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain; Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, 17, Place Du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France; Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Maureille
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de La Culture et de la Communication, PACEA UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, FR-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Trenton W Holliday
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Stéphane Madelaine
- Musée national de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de La Culture et de la Communication, PACEA UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, FR-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Erik Trinkaus
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Christine Couture-Veschambre
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de La Culture et de la Communication, PACEA UMR 5199, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, FR-33615 Pessac, France
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5
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Groucutt HS, Grün R, Zalmout IAS, Drake NA, Armitage SJ, Candy I, Clark-Wilson R, Louys J, Breeze PS, Duval M, Buck LT, Kivell TL, Pomeroy E, Stephens NB, Stock JT, Stewart M, Price GJ, Kinsley L, Sung WW, Alsharekh A, Al-Omari A, Zahir M, Memesh AM, Abdulshakoor AJ, Al-Masari AM, Bahameem AA, Al Murayyi KMS, Zahrani B, Scerri ELM, Petraglia MD. Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:800-809. [PMID: 29632352 PMCID: PMC5935238 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the timing and character of the expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonization and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that reached only the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw S Groucutt
- School of Archaeology, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Rainer Grün
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Iyad A S Zalmout
- Saudi Geological Survey, Sedimentary Rocks and Palaeontology Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick A Drake
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Armitage
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
- SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ian Candy
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul S Breeze
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Duval
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Geochronology, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura T Buck
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Tracy L Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Pomeroy
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas B Stephens
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jay T Stock
- PAVE Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew Stewart
- Palaeontology, Geobiology and Earth Archives Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilbert J Price
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leslie Kinsley
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wing Wai Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Abdulaziz Al-Omari
- Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zahir
- Department of Archaeology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah M Memesh
- Saudi Geological Survey, Sedimentary Rocks and Palaeontology Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar J Abdulshakoor
- Saudi Geological Survey, Sedimentary Rocks and Palaeontology Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu M Al-Masari
- Saudi Geological Survey, Sedimentary Rocks and Palaeontology Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Bahameem
- Saudi Geological Survey, Sedimentary Rocks and Palaeontology Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Badr Zahrani
- Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eleanor L M Scerri
- School of Archaeology, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael D Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA.
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6
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Pomeroy E, Mirazón Lahr M, Crivellaro F, Farr L, Reynolds T, Hunt CO, Barker G. Newly discovered Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, and their attribution to Shanidar 5. J Hum Evol 2017; 111:102-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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The costal remains of the El Sidrón Neanderthal site (Asturias, northern Spain) and their importance for understanding Neanderthal thorax morphology. J Hum Evol 2017; 111:85-101. [PMID: 28874276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the Neanderthal thorax has attracted the attention of the scientific community for more than a century. It is agreed that Neanderthals have a more capacious thorax than modern humans, but whether this was caused by a medio-lateral or an antero-posterior expansion of the thorax is still debated, and is key to understanding breathing biomechanics and body shape in Neanderthals. The fragile nature of ribs, the metameric structure of the thorax and difficulties in quantifying thorax morphology all contribute to uncertainty regarding precise aspects of Neanderthal thoracic shape. The El Sidrón site has yielded costal remains from the upper to the lower thorax, as well as several proximal rib ends (frequently missing in the Neanderthal record), which help to shed light on Neanderthal thorax shape. We compared the El Sidrón costal elements with ribs from recent modern humans as well as with fossil modern humans and other Neanderthals through traditional morphometric methods and 3D geometric morphometrics, combined with missing data estimation and virtual reconstruction (at the 1st, 5th and 11th costal levels). Our results show that Neanderthals have larger rib heads and articular tubercles than their modern human counterparts. Neanderthal 1st ribs are smaller than in modern humans, whereas 5th and 11th ribs are considerably larger. When we articulated mean ribs (size and shape) with their corresponding vertebral elements, we observed that compared to modern humans the Neanderthal thorax is medio-laterally expanded at every level, especially at T5 and T11. Therefore, in the light of evidence from the El Sidrón costal remains, we hypothesize that the volumetric expansion of the Neanderthal thorax proposed by previous authors would mainly be produced by a medio-lateral expansion of the thorax.
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8
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Crevecoeur I, Brooks A, Ribot I, Cornelissen E, Semal P. Late Stone Age human remains from Ishango (Democratic Republic of Congo): New insights on Late Pleistocene modern human diversity in Africa. J Hum Evol 2016; 96:35-57. [PMID: 27343771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although questions of modern human origins and dispersal are subject to intense research within and outside Africa, the processes of modern human diversification during the Late Pleistocene are most often discussed within the context of recent human genetic data. This situation is due largely to the dearth of human fossil remains dating to the final Pleistocene in Africa and their almost total absence from West and Central Africa, thus limiting our perception of modern human diversification within Africa before the Holocene. Here, we present a morphometric comparative analysis of the earliest Late Pleistocene modern human remains from the Central African site of Ishango in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The early Late Stone Age layer (eLSA) of this site, dated to the Last Glacial Maximum (25-20 Ky), contains more than one hundred fragmentary human remains. The exceptional associated archaeological context suggests these remains derived from a community of hunter-fisher-gatherers exhibiting complex social and cognitive behaviors including substantial reliance on aquatic resources, development of fishing technology, possible mathematical notations and repetitive use of space, likely on a seasonal basis. Comparisons with large samples of Late Pleistocene and early Holocene modern human fossils from Africa and Eurasia show that the Ishango human remains exhibit distinctive characteristics and a higher phenotypic diversity in contrast to recent African populations. In many aspects, as is true for the inner ear conformation, these eLSA human remains have more affinities with Middle to early Late Pleistocene fossils worldwide than with extant local African populations. In addition, cross-sectional geometric properties of the long bones are consistent with archaeological evidence suggesting reduced terrestrial mobility resulting from greater investment in and use of aquatic resources. Our results on the Ishango human remains provide insights into past African modern human diversity and adaptation that are consistent with genetic theories about the deep sub-structure of Late Pleistocene African populations and their complex evolutionary history of isolation and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crevecoeur
- UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
| | - A Brooks
- Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - I Ribot
- Département d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - E Cornelissen
- Culturele Antropologie/Prehistorie en Archeologie, Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika (KMMA), Tervuren, Belgium
| | - P Semal
- Scientific Service of Heritage, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Morphological Diversity in the Digital Rays of Primate Hands. DEVELOPMENTS IN PRIMATOLOGY: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3646-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Quam R, Sanz M, Daura J, Robson Brown K, García-González R, Rodríguez L, Dawson H, Rodríguez RF, Gómez S, Villaescusa L, Rubio Á, Yagüe A, Ortega Martínez MC, Fullola JM, Zilhão J, Arsuaga JL. The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: New remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona). J Hum Evol 2015; 81:13-28. [PMID: 25766902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA; Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
| | - Montserrat Sanz
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Daura
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain
| | - Heidi Dawson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rosa Flor Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Villaescusa
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Antropología, Depto de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Av de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Yagüe
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Ortega Martínez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Zilhão
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Garralda MD, Galván B, Hernández CM, Mallol C, Gómez JA, Maureille B. Neanderthals from El Salt (Alcoy, Spain) in the context of the latest Middle Palaeolithic populations from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. J Hum Evol 2014; 75:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Mersey B, Jabbour RS, Brudvik K, Defleur A. Neanderthal hand and foot remains from Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:516-29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mersey
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3160
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California Berkeley; 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3140
| | - Rebecca S. Jabbour
- Department of Biology; Saint Mary's College of California; Moraga CA 94575
| | - Kyle Brudvik
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3160
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California Berkeley; 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3140
| | - Alban Defleur
- CNRS UMR 5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon; Allée d'Italie 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 France
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Mersey B, Brudvik K, Black MT, Defleur A. Neanderthal axial and appendicular remains from Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:530-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mersey
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3160
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California Berkeley; 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3140
| | - Kyle Brudvik
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3160
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California Berkeley; 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building Berkeley CA 94720-3140
| | - Michael T. Black
- Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology; University of California Berkeley; 103 Kroeber Hall Berkeley CA 94720-3712
| | - Alban Defleur
- CNRS UMR 5276, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieur de Lyon, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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14
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The Neandertal vertebral column 1: The cervical spine. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:608-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Pablos A, Lorenzo C, Martínez I, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón-Torres M, Carbonell E, Arsuaga JL. New foot remains from the Gran Dolina-TD6 Early Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). J Hum Evol 2012; 63:610-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Trinkaus E. Brief communication: The human humerus from the Broken Hill Mine, Kabwe, Zambia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:312-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Willman JC, Maki J, Bayle P, Trinkaus E, Zilhão J. Middle Paleolithic human remains from the Gruta Da Oliveira (Torres Novas), Portugal. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:39-51. [PMID: 22610966 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Additional Middle Paleolithic human remains from layers 17, 18, and 22 of the Gruta da Oliveira, Portugal consist of a proximal manual phalanx 2 (Oliveira 5), a partial postcanine tooth (Oliveira 6), a humeral diaphysis (Oliveira 7), a distal mandibular molar (Oliveira 8), and a mandibular premolar (P(3) ) (Oliveira 9). Oliveira 5, 6, and 8 are unremarkable for Late Pleistocene humans. The Oliveira 7 right humerus is moderately robust or the individual had the stocky body proportions of other European (including Iberian) Neandertals. The Oliveira 9 P(3) has a large and symmetrical crown and lacks a distal accessory ridge and accessory lingual cusps, overlapping both Neandertal and recent human ranges of variation. It contrasts with at least recent human P(3) s in having relatively thin enamel. These join the Oliveira 1 to 4 remains in further documenting early MIS 3 Neandertal morphology in western Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Willman
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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18
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Morphology, body proportions, and postcranial hypertrophy of a female Neandertal from the Sima de las Palomas, southeastern Spain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:10087-91. [PMID: 21646528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107318108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerations of Neandertal geographical variation have been hampered by the dearth of remains from Mediterranean Europe and the absence there of sufficiently complete associated postcrania. The 2006 and 2007 excavation of an articulated partial skeleton of a small adult female Neandertal at the Sima de las Palomas, Murcia, southeastern Spain (Sima de las Palomas 96) provides substantial and secure information on body proportions among southern European Neandertals, as well as further documenting the nature of Neandertal biology in southern Iberia. The remains exhibit a suite of cranial, mandibular, dental, and postcranial features, of both Neandertals and archaic Homo generally, that distinguish them from contemporary and subsequent early modern humans. Its lower limbs exhibit the robustness of later Pleistocene Homo generally, and its upper limbs conform to the pattern of elevated robustness of the Neandertals. Its body proportions, including relative clavicular length, distal limb segment lengths, and body mass to stature indicators, conform to the "cold-adapted" pattern of more northern Neandertals. Palomas 96 therefore documents the presence of a suite of "Neandertal" characteristics in southern Iberia and, along with its small body size, the more "Arctic" body proportions of other European Neandertals despite the warmer climate of southern Iberia during marine isotope stage 3.
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