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Wyatt B, McFadden C, Ward S, Wilson LAB. Assessing the association of skeletal indicators of stress with mean age-at-death in sub-adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:440-451. [PMID: 37610235 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the association of skeletal indicator of stress presence with mean age-at-death as a means of understanding whether commonly studied indicators are indeed indicative of increased frailty. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a medieval Gaelic population from Ballyhanna (Co. Donegal), the present study assessed the association between skeletal indicators of stress and mean age-at-death using the Kaplan-Meier survival function with log rank test to determine whether these indicators were associated with younger age-at-death, and therefore increased frailty, in sub-adults only (0 to 18 years, N = 139) and through comparison to an all-ages cohort (N = 318). RESULTS Only linear enamel hypoplasia was found to be associated with significantly decreased survivorship across the all-ages cohort but, conversely, was associated with increased survivorship when analysis was restricted to sub-adults. All other indicators assessed were associated with increased age-at-death for both all-age cohorts and sub-adult cohorts (cribra orbitalia), increased age-at-death when assessing all ages only (porotic hyperostosis and healed periosteal lesions); or were sufficiently rare in adults to prevent comparative analysis (stunting and micronutrient deficiency). Increased survivorship in individuals with higher numbers of co-morbid skeletal indicators was observed for both sub-adults alone and all age cohort. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that these commonly recorded skeletal indicators may be more accurately viewed simply as records of stressor exposure and subsequent survival only, rather than providing evidence that these sub-adults are frailer than their similarly aged-at-death peers. Thus, the demographic and sociocultural context is essential to the interpretation of observed skeletal indicators of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Wyatt
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Clare McFadden
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stacey Ward
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- School of Anthropology and Archaeology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Edgar HJH, Moes E, Willermet C, S Ragsdale C. Conventional microscopy makes perikymata count and spacing data feasible for large samples. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:321-331. [PMID: 34272873 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current methods of quantifying defects of dental enamel (DDE) include either gross or low-level examination for linear enamel hypoplasia, histological analysis of striae of Retzius, or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a tooth or a tooth cast. Gross examination has been shown to miss many defects. Other methods can be destructive, require transporting samples, and are expensive. Here, we show that digital light microscopy (DLM) can be used for the analysis of DDE as indicated by widened perikymata spacing (WPS). This method takes advantage of high-power (100×) microscopy, but is non-destructive, can be implemented almost anywhere, and is inexpensive. MATERIALS AND METHODS As proof of concept, we created photomontages of labial surfaces of five human canines from images made using DLM and SEM. We counted and measured the widths of all visible perikymata for each imaging modality and fit measurements to a negative curve representing the expected values for each tooth. We calculated residuals for each measurement. WPS were defined when R2 was in the 90th percentile, and were considered matched in DLM and SEM images when observed within the same decile of the tooth surface. RESULTS There were more WPS detected in the images derived from DLM than from SEM. Overall, the data derived from the two imaging modalities provided similar information about the frequency and timing of stress during dental development. CONCLUSIONS The method described here allows for DDE data acquisition as WPS from large samples, making feasible population-level studies that reflect sophisticated understanding of dental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J H Edgar
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emily Moes
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Cathy Willermet
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Corey S Ragsdale
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
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Lawrence J, Stojanowski CM, Paul KS, Seidel AC, Guatelli-Steinberg D. Heterogeneous frailty and the expression of linear enamel hypoplasia in a genealogical population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:638-651. [PMID: 33852741 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a common skeletal marker of physiological stress (e.g., malnutrition or illness) that is studied within and across populations, without reference to familial risk. We examine LEH prevalence in a population with known genealogical relationships to determine the potential influence of genetic heritability and shared environment. METHODS LEH data of 239 individuals from a single population were recorded from the Ohio State University Menegaz-Bock collection dental casts. All individuals were of known age, sex, and genealogy. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for LEH presence and count data from all unworn, fully erupted teeth (excluding third molars) using SOLAR (v.8.1.1). Age, sex, and age-sex interaction were included as covariates. Models were re-run with a household effect variable. RESULTS LEH persists across generations in this study population with moderate, significant heritability estimates for presence in four teeth, and count in four teeth (three teeth were significant for both). When a household effect variable was added, no residual heritability remained for LEH count on any tooth. There was no significant household effect for three of the four teeth that had significant heritability estimates for LEH presence. Age was a significant covariate. Further analyses with birth year data revealed a secular trend toward less LEH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for familial risk of LEH (genetic and environmental) that has consequences for the broad use of this skeletal marker of stress. These results have repercussions for archaeological assemblages, or population health studies, where genetic relatives and household groups might be heavily represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lawrence
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen S Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew C Seidel
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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McFarlane G, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Loch C, White S, Bayle P, Floyd B, Pitfield R, Mahoney P. An inconstant biorhythm: The changing pace of Retzius periodicity in human permanent teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:172-186. [PMID: 33368148 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human tooth enamel retains evidence of growth in the form of Retzius lines. The number of daily growth increments between the regularly occurring lines defines their repeat interval, or periodicity. Retzius periodicity is often incorporated into enamel formation times, age-at-death reconstructions, or used to provide a basis from which to explore an underlying biorhythm. Biological anthropologists typically assume that RP remains constant within an individual and does not vary along the tooth-row. Here, we test that assumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS RP was calculated from n = 223 thin sections of human permanent teeth from individuals of British and southern African origin. Forty individuals provided multiple teeth (n = 102 teeth) and a further 121 individuals each provided a single tooth. RESULTS We report first evidence that RP of permanent teeth does not always remain constant within an individual. Of those individuals that provided multiple teeth, 42% (n = 17/40) demonstrated a decrease in RP along the tooth row, with most shifting by two or more days (n = 11). Across the entire sample, mean RP of anterior teeth was significantly higher than molars. Mean premolar RP tended to be intermediate between anterior teeth and molars. DISCUSSION Our data do not support the assumption that RP invariably remains constant within the permanent teeth of an individual. Transferring RP from molars to incisors within an individual can result in a miscalculation of formation time and age-at-death by up to 1 year. Implications for biological anthropologists and the source of the underlying long period biorhythm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina McFarlane
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sophie White
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruce Floyd
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosie Pitfield
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Ham AC, Temple DH, Klaus HD, Hunt DR. Evaluating life history trade-offs through the presence of linear enamel hypoplasia at Pueblo Bonito and Hawikku: A biocultural study of early life stress and survival in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23506. [PMID: 32924230 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to the indelible nature of enamel, bioarchaeologists use linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) to detect early investments in surviving stress and have identified an association between LEH presence and constraints in growth and maintenance as well as an increased susceptibility to future stress events. This study evaluates heterogenous frailty and susceptibility to death in relation to episodes of early life stress, as reflected by LEH presence, in the Ancestral Pueblo Southwest. This study hypothesizes that LEH presence will be associated with decreased survivorship and an increased likelihood of mortality in both samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study uses two samples, one from Pueblo Bonito (A.D. 800-1200; n = 28) and the second from Hawikku (A.D. 1300-1680; n = 103). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with a log-rank test was used to evaluate the effect of LEH presence on survivorship for the two samples. RESULTS Survival analysis reveals statistically significant differences in mortality risk between individuals with and without LEH for the Hawikku sample, but no significant differences for the Pueblo Bonito sample. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate differences in the response to early life stress at the Hawikku and Pueblo Bonito sites, likely reflecting context. The Pueblo Bonito sample represents a high-status group, and survival following LEH may be the result of cultural buffering. Hawikku dates to a period associated with increased levels of disease and malnutrition as well as Spanish colonization. This environment may have exacerbated mortality risk for individuals in the region who survived early life stress and signifies the consequences of European colonialism in the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Ham
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel H Temple
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Haagen D Klaus
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Hunt
- Physical Anthropology Division, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Orellana-González E, Sparacello VS, Bocaege E, Varalli A, Moggi-Cecchi J, Dori I. Insights on patterns of developmental disturbances from the analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia in a Neolithic sample from Liguria (northwestern Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 28:123-136. [PMID: 31901428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess developmental disturbances through the analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency and to infer environmental stress and life history within Neolithic communities from Liguria (Italy). MATERIALS 43 unworn/minimally worn permanent anterior teeth of 13 individuals recovered from nearby caves and dated to c. 4800-4400 cal. BCE. METHODS LEH defects were identified with high-resolution macrophotos of dental replicas, age at LEH was calculated via perikymata counts. LEH defects matched between two or more teeth were considered as systemic disturbances. LEH frequency by age classes was analyzed via GLZ and Friedman ANOVA. RESULTS Number of matched defects per individual range between 2-12. The mean LEH per individual was highest in the 2.5-2.99 age category, with a significant increase relative to earlier growth stages, followed by a decline. CONCLUSION LEH may reflect life-history in the local ecology of Neolithic Liguria, where several individuals with osteoarticular tuberculosis have been recorded. Disease burden may have triggered developmental disturbances around the time of weaning. Age at first defect was negatively correlated with age at death and positively with the total number of defects, suggesting that early stress may have affected survivorship. SIGNIFICANCE The study contributes to the reconstruction of ecological pressures among Neolithic people of Liguria, and informs on environmental challenges during the Neolithic adaptive expansion. LIMITATIONS The visual examination of macrophotos is prone to observer error; mid-crown tends to display more visible LEH due to tooth architecture. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Apply different quantitative methods to examine severity and duration of disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmy Bocaege
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Alessandra Varalli
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33615 Pessac, France; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, UK
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33615 Pessac, France; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy; Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza, Piazza S. Fermo 3, 37121 Verona, Italy.
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8
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The Mother-Infant Nexus Revealed by Linear Enamel Hypoplasia: Chronological and Contextual Evaluation of Developmental Stress Using Incremental Microstructures of Enamel in Late/Final Jomon Period Hunter-Gatherers. THE MOTHER-INFANT NEXUS IN ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27393-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Primeau C, Homøe P, Lynnerup N. Temporal changes in childhood health during the medieval Little Ice Age in Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 27:80-87. [PMID: 31675550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the evidence of three skeletal markers of childhood health that leave permanent observable changes in the adult skeleton during two climate events, the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) that occurred in the medieval period (1050-1536 CE). MATERIAL A total of 241 adult skeletons from the Danish medieval period were included. METHODS Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) was examined macroscopically. Harris lines (HL) and infectious middle ear disease (IMED) were examined from CT imaging. The skeletons were segregated by the mortuary pattern of arm position that coincidentally changes between the MWP to the LIA. RESULTS LEH and IMED increase in frequency from the MWP to the LIA while there is a reverse trend for HL. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study that examines childhood health as reflected on skeletal remains of adults using a combination of CT imaging and macroscopic examination for temporal changes in the medieval period. LIMITATIONS The study did not include any sub-adults due to limitation of methods, i.e. the method of IMED is not yet developed to assess sub-adults. Neither was time-of-occurrence for the skeletal marker included as there is conflicting information from different methods for HL and neither has it been developed yet for IMED. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH A sample of sub-adults from both time periods could be compared by sub-adult mortality, as well as for differences in the timing of skeletal age markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Primeau
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark
| | - Niels Lynnerup
- Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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McGrath K, El‐Zaatari S, Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Stanton MA, Reid DJ, Stoinski TS, Cranfield MR, Mudakikwa A, McFarlin SC. Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:337-352. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate McGrath
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Sireen El‐Zaatari
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and PaleoenvironmentEberhard Karls Universität TübingenTübingen 72070 Germany
| | | | - Margaret A. Stanton
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Donald J. Reid
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | | | - Michael R. Cranfield
- Mountain Gorilla Veterinary ProjectUniversity of California at Davis California 95616
| | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- Department of Tourism and ConservationRwanda Development BoardKigali Rwanda
| | - Shannon C. McFarlin
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
- Division of MammalsNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington DC 20560
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DeWitte SN. Stress, sex, and plague: Patterns of developmental stress and survival in pre‐ and post‐Black Death London. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon N. DeWitte
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbia South Carolina 29208
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12
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O'Hara M. Applying standard perikymata profiles to Pongo pygmaeus canines to estimate perikymata counts between linear enamel hypoplasias. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:213-222. [PMID: 28211566 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, studies have interpreted regular spacing and average number of perikymata between dental enamel defects in orangutans to reflect seasonal episodes of physiological stress. To estimate the amount of time between developmental defects (enamel hypoplasia), studies have relied on perikymata counts. Unfortunately, perikymata are frequently not continuously visible between defects, significantly reducing data sets. A method is presented here for estimating the number of perikymata between defects using standard perikymata profiles (SPP) that allow the number of perikymata between all pairs of defects across a tooth to be analyzed. The SPP method should allow the entire complement of defects to be analyzed within the context of an individual's crown formation time. MATERIALS AND METHODS The average number of perikymata were established per decile and charted to create male and female Pongo pygmaeus SPPs. The position of the beginning of each defect was recorded for lower canines from males (n = 6) and females (n = 17). The number of perikymata between defects estimated by the SPP was compared to the actual count (where perikymata were continuously visible). RESULTS The number of perikymata between defects estimated by the SPPs was accurate within three perikymata and highly correlated with the actual counts, significantly increasing the number of analyzable defect pairs. CONCLUSION SPPs allow all defect pairs to be included in studies of defect timing, not just those with continuously visible perikymata. Establishing an individual's entire complement of dental defects makes it possible to calculate the regularity (and potential seasonality) of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackie O'Hara
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210
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Bocaege E, Hillson S. Disturbances and noise: Defining furrow‐form enamel hypoplasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:744-751. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bocaege
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Équipe A3P, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy St HilairePessac Cedex France
| | - S. Hillson
- Institute of Archaeology, University College LondonLondon,WC1H 0PY UK
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14
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Watts R. The long-term impact of developmental stress. Evidence from later medieval and post-medieval London (AD1117-1853). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:569-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Le Cabec A, Tang N, Tafforeau P. Accessing developmental information of fossil hominin teeth using new synchrotron microtomography-based visualization techniques of dental surfaces and interfaces. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123019. [PMID: 25901602 PMCID: PMC4406681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of dental long-period growth lines (Retzius lines in enamel and Andresen lines in dentine) and matching of stress patterns (internal accentuated lines and hypoplasias) are used in determining crown formation time and age at death in juvenile fossil hominins. They yield the chronology employed for inferences of life history. Synchrotron virtual histology has been demonstrated as a non-destructive alternative to conventional invasive approaches. Nevertheless, fossil teeth are sometimes poorly preserved or physically inaccessible, preventing observation of the external expression of incremental lines (perikymata and periradicular bands). Here we present a new approach combining synchrotron virtual histology and high quality three-dimensional rendering of dental surfaces and internal interfaces. We illustrate this approach with seventeen permanent fossil hominin teeth. The outer enamel surface and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) were segmented by capturing the phase contrast fringes at the structural interfaces. Three-dimensional models were rendered with Phong’s algorithm, and a combination of directional colored lights to enhance surface topography and the pattern of subtle variations in tissue density. The process reveals perikymata and linear enamel hypoplasias on the entire crown surface, including unerupted teeth. Using this method, highly detailed stress patterns at the EDJ allow precise matching of teeth within an individual’s dentition when virtual histology is not sufficient. We highlight that taphonomical altered enamel can in particular cases yield artificial subdivisions of perikymata when imaged using X-ray microtomography with insufficient resolution. This may complicate assessments of developmental time, although this can be circumvented by a careful analysis of external and internal structures in parallel. We further present new crown formation times for two unerupted canines from South African Australopiths, which were found to form over a rather surprisingly long time (> 4.5 years). This approach provides tools for maximizing the recovery of developmental information in teeth, especially in the most difficult cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Le Cabec
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, Cédex 9, France
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail: (PT); (ALC)
| | - Nancy Tang
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Exposure Biology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, Cédex 9, France
- * E-mail: (PT); (ALC)
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Plasticity and constraint in response to early-life stressors among late/final jomon period foragers from Japan: Evidence for life history trade-offs from incremental microstructures of enamel. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:537-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Amoroso A, Garcia SJ, Cardoso HF. Age at death and linear enamel hypoplasias: Testing the effects of childhood stress and adult socioeconomic circumstances in premature mortality. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:461-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Amoroso
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Centro de Administração e Políticas Pública (ISCSP/CAPP), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Susana J. Garcia
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Centro de Administração e Políticas Pública (ISCSP/CAPP), Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Hugo F.V. Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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