1
|
Piccirilli E, Sorrentino R, Lugli F, Bortolini E, Silvestrini S, Cavazzuti C, Conti S, Czifra S, Gyenesei K, Köhler K, Tankó K, Vazzana A, Jerem E, Cipriani A, Gottarelli A, Belcastro MG, Hajdu T, Benazzi S. New insights on Celtic migration in Hungary and Italy through the analysis of non-metric dental traits. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293090. [PMID: 37851635 PMCID: PMC10584115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Iron Age is characterized by an extended interweaving of movements by Celts in Europe. Several waves of Celts from Western and Central Europe migrated southeast and west from the core area of the La Téne culture (between Bourgogne and Bohemia). Through the analysis of non-metric dental traits, this work aims to understand the biological relationship among Celtic groups arrived in Italy and the Carpathian Basin, as well as between local populations and Celtic newcomers. A total of 10 non-metric dental traits were analyzed to evaluate biological affinities among Celts (Sopron-Krautacker and Pilismarót-Basaharc) and Scythians-related populations from Hungary (Tápiószele), Celts from continental Europe (Switzerland and Austria), two Iron Age Etruscan-Celtic sites from northern Italy (Monterenzio Vecchio and Monte Bibele), 13 Iron Age central-southern Italic necropolises, and the northern Italian Bronze Age necropolis of Scalvinetto. Strontium isotopes were measured on individuals from the necropolis of Monte Bibele to infer their local or non-local origin. Results highlight the existence of statistically significant differences between Celts and autochthonous Italian groups. Celtic groups from Hungary and Italy (i.e., non-local individuals of Monterenzio Vecchio and Monte Bibele) share a similar biological background, supporting the historical records mentioning a common origin for Celts migrated to the eastern and southern borders of today's Europe. The presence of a supposed Steppean ancestry both in Celts from Hungary and Celts from northern Italy corroborates the hypothesis of the existence of a westward migration of individuals and genes from the Steppe towards northern Italy during the Bronze and Iron Age, which contributed to the biological variability of pre-Celtic and later Celtic populations, respectively. Conversely, individuals from central-southern Italy show an autochthonous pre-Iron Age background. Lastly, this work supports the existence of Celtic migratory routes in northern Italy, as shown by biological and cultural admixture between Celts and Italics living together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Piccirilli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, IMF-CSIC (Spanish National Research Centre), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Silvestrini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Claudio Cavazzuti
- Department of History and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Szabolcs Czifra
- National Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gyenesei
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Köhler
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Tankó
- ELKH–ELTE Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Erzsébet Jerem
- Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Cipriani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States of America
| | - Antonio Gottarelli
- Department of History and Cultures, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences–BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rathmann H, Perretti S, Porcu V, Hanihara T, Scott GR, Irish JD, Reyes-Centeno H, Ghirotto S, Harvati K. Inferring human neutral genetic variation from craniodental phenotypes. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad217. [PMID: 37457893 PMCID: PMC10338903 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that global patterns of modern human cranial and dental variation are shaped largely by neutral evolutionary processes, suggesting that craniodental features can be used as reliable proxies for inferring population structure and history in bioarchaeological, forensic, and paleoanthropological contexts. However, there is disagreement on whether certain types of data preserve a neutral signature to a greater degree than others. Here, we address this unresolved question and systematically test the relative neutrality of four standard metric and nonmetric craniodental data types employing an extensive computational genotype-phenotype comparison across modern populations from around the world. Our computation draws on the largest existing data sets currently available, while accounting for geographically structured environmental variation, population sampling uncertainty, disparate numbers of phenotypic variables, and stochastic variation inherent to a neutral model of evolution. Our results reveal that the four data types differentially capture neutral genomic variation, with highest signals preserved in dental nonmetric and cranial metric data, followed by cranial nonmetric and dental metric data. Importantly, we demonstrate that combining all four data types together maximizes the neutral genetic signal compared with using them separately, even with a limited number of phenotypic variables. We hypothesize that this reflects a lower level of genetic integration through pleiotropy between, compared to within, the four data types, effectively forming four different modules associated with relatively independent sets of loci. Therefore, we recommend that future craniodental investigations adopt holistic combined data approaches, allowing for more robust inferences about underlying neutral genetic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Perretti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Valentina Porcu
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Tsunehiko Hanihara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - G Richard Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Joel D Irish
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- The Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg WITS 2050, South Africa
| | - Hugo Reyes-Centeno
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
- DFG Center for Advanced Studies ‘Words, Bones, Genes, Tools’, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany
| | - Silvia Ghirotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mazza B. Biological distances between Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the lower Paraná wetland (Argentina). Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23840. [PMID: 36440742 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses the biological affinity between Late Holocene hunter-gatherers that inhabited the region of the lower Paraná wetland (Argentina) at the end of the Late Holocene (1800-700 years BP). METHODS Cranial nonmetric traits were registered in 159 adult individuals of both sexes. Biodistances were estimated between environmental and archaeological units through Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence, Mahalanobis distance, multidimensional scaling, Fst index, and R-matrix. Biological distances concerning temporal and geographic distances between the archaeological sites were also evaluated through Mantel and partial Mantel tests. RESULTS The environmental units showed statistically significant biodistances according to a distance spatial pattern but low genetic differentiation between groups. Additionally, some archaeological sites with median radiocarbon dates around 700 years BP also presented statistically significant biodistances. CONCLUSIONS Gene flow and genetic drift could be responsible for the observed biodistance results. These processes gave rise to different subpopulations of hunter-gatherers with a shared material culture, whose territorial limits could have been reinforced around 700 years BP or earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mazza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL) CABA Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashoori N, Ghorbanyjavadpour F, Rakhshan V. Associations between 44 nonmetric permanent dental traits or anomalies with skeletal sagittal malocclusions and sex, besides correlations across the variations or abnormalities. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:544. [DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Nonmetric dental traits and the shape, size, or number of dental anomalies are essential to various dental fields such as orthodontics, dental anatomy, anthropology, pathology, and forensic dentistry. Nonetheless, many are not well assessed worldwide. Moreover, most studies are limited to a few nonmetric traits. Therefore, we aimed to examine several nonmetric dental traits/anomalies.
Methods
In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, ~ 9000 permanent teeth of 331 non-syndromic orthodontic patients (radiographs and dental casts) with fully erupted permanent dentitions (except the third molars and some cases of a few teeth missing or excluded) were evaluated by two observers, each twice, in search for 62 nonmetric traits/shape-number-size anomalies. The traits/anomalies of interest were supernumerary, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, shovelings, talon cusps, Carabelli cusps, fifth/sixth/seventh cusps on the molars, hypocone/hypoconulid absence, protostylid, deflecting wrinkles, canine mesial ridge, distal trigonid crest, canine distal accessory ridge, accessory cusps in the mesial/distal marginal ridges, mesial/distal accessory ridges, and accessory cusps in the lingual of the mandibular premolars and second molars). Data, at both patient/quarter levels, were analyzed regarding the associated factors (skeletal Angle classes, crowding, sex, and sides) as well as the correlations among traits, using the chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient (α = 0.05).
Results
Prevalence rates of 44 traits/anomalies were reported (18 out of the 62 searched traits/anomalies were not found [prevalence = 0%]). Microdontia and accessory cusps on the marginal ridge of the second mandibular molars were significantly more common in women (P < 0.05). Canine talon cusp and distal trigonid crest of the second mandibular molars were more prevalent in men (P < 0.05). Shoveling, canine talon cusp, canine distal accessory ridge, and accessory cusp in the first premolar might be more prevalent in skeletal Angle class II; whereas, accessory cusp in the mesial marginal ridge of the second premolar might be rather more prevalent in skeletal Angle class I (P < 0.05). Few dental traits were positively and moderately or strongly correlated with each other (Spearman Rho ≥ 0.4, P < 0.0005).
Conclusions
Sex dimorphism was uncommon in nonmetric dental traits/anomalies. Skeletal malocclusions may be associated with a few dental abnormalities or variations.
Collapse
|
5
|
Godde K, Rangel González M. Uncovering the hidden history of transpacific contact between Latin America, the Caribbean, and Asia through skeletal population genetics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanya Godde
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology University of La Verne La Verne California USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meza-Peñaloza A, Zertuche F, Morehart C. Population level comparisons in central Mexico using cranial nonmetric traits. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:237-248. [PMID: 34328209 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We study the genetic diversity between Classic Teotihuacan and its neighboring towns trying to understand how far or close they are at the genetic level. MATERIALS AND METHODS We use cranial nonmetric traits to study a sample of 280 adult skulls from archaeological sites running from the late Preclassic to the early Postclassic. Samples of Classic Teotihuacan were studied for La Ventilla and San Sebastián Xolalpan neighbors. For the Epiclassic period, samples from Xaltocan, Toluca valley, Mogotes and Xico were used. For the Preclassic and Postclassic samples from Xico were also used. We used a parametric bootstrap for the mean measure of divergence for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Samples from Xico have small biodistance from Preclassic to Postclassic. Samples from Los Mogotes differ depending on the functional context of deposition, with individuals from household burials (funerary) differing from non-funerary, ceremonial interments and exhibiting affinities to Epiclassic samples from Toluca valley. Epiclassic populations from Xaltocan vary significantly from any samples analyzed. Samples from Classic period Teotihuacan vary considerably among them but form a separate genetic group from all the other populations under study. CONCLUSIONS The great biodistance separation among Classic Teotihuacan and its neighbor villages of central Mexico let us conclude that, contrary from the classical idea that those villages were confirmed by the inhabitants of Teotihuacan's collapse: They indeed remain as separate populations by themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Meza-Peñaloza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Federico Zertuche
- Unidad Cuernavaca del Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad S/N, CUERNAVACA, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Christopher Morehart
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
I present a novel machine learning approach to predict sex in the bioarchaeological record. Eighteen cranial interlandmark distances and five maxillary dental metric distances were recorded from n = 420 human skeletons from the necropolises at Alfedena (600–400 BCE) and Campovalano (750–200 BCE and 9–11th Centuries CE) in central Italy. A generalized low rank model (GLRM) was used to impute missing data and Area under the Curve—Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) with 20-fold stratified cross-validation was used to evaluate predictive performance of eight machine learning algorithms on different subsets of the data. Additional perspectives such as this one show strong potential for sex prediction in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological contexts. Furthermore, GLRMs have the potential to handle missing data in ways previously unexplored in the discipline. Although results of this study look promising (highest AUC-ROC = 0.9722 for predicting binary male/female sex), the main limitation is that the sexes of the individuals included were not known but were estimated using standard macroscopic bioarchaeological methods. However, future research should apply this machine learning approach to known-sex reference samples in order to better understand its value, along with the more general contributions that machine learning can make to the reconstruction of past human lifeways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Movsesian AA, Mkrtchyan RA, Simonyan HG. The Bronze and Iron Age populations of the Armenian Highland in the genetic history of Armenians. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:158-167. [PMID: 32274801 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the biological diversity of the late Bronze and Iron Age populations in the Armenian Highland by nonmetric cranial traits, evaluate the genetic continuity in the development of the modern Armenian gene pool, and compare the results obtained with genetic data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight nonmetric cranial traits were scored on 498 adult crania from different late Bronze and Iron Age cemeteries, as well as from modern Armenians and other European populations. We carried out a biodistance analysis between populations using the mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistics, tested the spatial-temporal model of population structure, and assessed the diversity within the late Bronze and early Iron Ages by using the values of variability index (Fst). RESULTS The biodistance analysis revealed a close relationship among different ancient Armenian populations and between the average frequencies of the three sequential periods (late Bronze Age, early Iron Age I and II) and modern Armenians. A gradual increase of variability (Fst) within the three successive periods was observed. DISCUSSION The analysis of nonmetric trait data reflects deep roots and continuity in the formation of the Armenian population. Since at least the Late Bronze Age, owing to permanent isolation, no significant changes have occurred in the Armenian gene pool. An increase in variability over the successive periods reflects the process of population differentiation from a single gene pool while maintaining average trait frequencies. The congruence of the results obtained with the genetic data confirms, once more, the possibility of using nonmetric cranial traits as a proxy for genetic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla A Movsesian
- Department of Anthropology, Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rusan A Mkrtchyan
- Department of Cultural Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Hasmik G Simonyan
- Department of Archeology and Ethnography, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Allen KG, Mills RD, Knudson KJ, von Cramon-Taubadel N. Biological diversity in an Islamic archaeological population: A radiogenic strontium isotope and craniometric analysis of affinity in Ottoman Romania. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:569-583. [PMID: 31903549 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Written accounts, as well as a previous craniometric study, indicate that migrations of non-Europeans and conversions of Europeans to Islam define Ottoman communities in Early Modern Europe. What is less clear are the roles of migration and admixture in generating intra-communal variation. This study combines craniometric with strontium isotope data to compare the cranial affinities of locally born and immigrant individuals. We predict that locally born individuals are more likely than non-locals to show evidence of admixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiogenic strontium isotope data for 21 Ottomans were compared against archaeological faunal values. Sixteen individuals with intact crania were also measured and compared against two comparative source populations from Anatolia and Europe. Discriminant function analysis assigned unclassified Ottoans to either comparative group based on typicality probabilities, with potential admixture established via intermediate morphology between the two source populations. RESULTS Strontium isotope values revealed relatively high proportions of non-locals, consistent with high mobility documented historically. The sexes differed, with more males classifying as "typically Anatolian" than females. Locals and non-locals also had different cranial affinity patterns, with most classifying either as "typically Anatolian" or "typically European." Contrary to expectation, none of the locals were identified as intermediate, suggesting admixture rates were relatively low. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with historical records, the results revealed high levels of extra-regional migration, with most individuals identifiable as either typically Anatolian or European. Moreover, locals and non-locals differed craniometrically, with no signs of admixture between Anatolian migrants and European converts in locals. This suggests intra-communal divisions were maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grow Allen
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ryan D Mills
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kelly J Knudson
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Godde K. A new analysis interpreting Nilotic relationships and peopling of the Nile Valley. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:147-157. [PMID: 30055809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The process of the peopling of the Nile Valley likely shaped the population structure and early biological similarity of Egyptians and Nubians. As others have noted, affinity among Nilotic populations was due to an aggregation of events, including environmental, linguistic, and sociopolitical changes over a great deal of time. This study seeks to evaluate the relationships of Nubian and Egyptian groups in the context of the original peopling event. Cranial nonmetric traits from 18 Nubian and Egyptian samples, spanning Lower Egypt to Lower Nubia and approximately 7400 years, were analyzed using Mahalanobis D2 as a measure of biological distance. A principal coordinates analysis and spatial-temporal model were applied to these data. The results reveal temporal and spatial patterning consistent with documented events in Egyptian and Nubian population history. Moreover, the Mesolithic Nubian sample clustered with later Nubian and Egyptian samples, indicating that events prior to the Mesolithic were important in shaping the later genetic patterning of the Nubian population. Later contact through the establishment of the Egyptian fort at Buhen, Kerma's position as a strategic trade center along the Nile, and Egyptian colonization at Tombos maintained genetic similarity among the populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Godde
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of La Verne, La Verne, 1950 Third St, CA 91750, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Unravelling biocultural population structure in 4th/3rd century BC Monterenzio Vecchio (Bologna, Italy) through a comparative analysis of strontium isotopes, non-metric dental evidence, and funerary practices. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193796. [PMID: 29590155 PMCID: PMC5874009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4th century BC marks the main entrance of Celtic populations in northern Italy. Their arrival has been suggested based on the presence of Celtic customs in Etruscan mortuary contexts, yet up to now few bioarchaeological data have been examined to support or reject the arrival of these newcomers. Here we use strontium isotopes, non-metric dental traits and funerary patterns to unravel the biocultural structure of the necropolis of Monterenzio Vecchio (Bologna, Italy). Subsamples of our total sample of 38 individuals were analyzed based on different criteria characterizing the following analyses: 1) strontium isotope analysis to investigate migratory patterns and provenance; 2) non-metric dental traits to establish biological relationships between Monterenzio Vecchio, 13 Italian Iron age necropolises and three continental and non-continental Celtic necropolises; 3) grave goods which were statistically explored to detect possible patterns of cultural variability. The strontium isotopes results indicate the presence of local and non-local individuals, with some revealing patterns of mobility. The dental morphology reveals an affinity between Monterenzio Vecchio and Iron Age Italian samples. However, when the Monterenzio Vecchio sample is separated by isotopic results into locals and non-locals, the latter share affinity with the sample of non-continental Celts from Yorkshire (UK). Moreover, systematic analyses demonstrate that ethnic background does not retain measurable impact on the distribution of funerary elements. Our results confirm the migration of Celtic populations in Monterenzio as archaeologically hypothesized on the basis of the grave goods, followed by a high degree of cultural admixture between exogenous and endogenous traits. This contribution shows that combining different methods offers a more comprehensive perspective for the exploration of biocultural processes in past and present populations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Weiss E. Biological distance at the Ryan Mound site. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:554-564. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Reyes-Centeno H, Rathmann H, Hanihara T, Harvati K. Testing Modern Human Out-of-Africa Dispersal Models Using Dental Nonmetric Data. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1086/694423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Allen KG, von Cramon‐Taubadel N. A craniometric analysis of early modern Romania and Hungary: The roles of migration and conversion in shaping European Ottoman population history. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:477-487. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grow Allen
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology LabDepartment of Anthropology, University at BuffaloBuffalo New York14261
| | - Noreen von Cramon‐Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology LabDepartment of Anthropology, University at BuffaloBuffalo New York14261
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paul KS, Stojanowski CM. Comparative performance of deciduous and permanent dental morphology in detecting biological relatives. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S. Paul
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Movsesian AA, Bakholdina VY. Nonmetric cranial trait variation and the origins of the Scythians. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162:589-599. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Movsesian
- Department of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; Moscow 119234 Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Yu. Bakholdina
- Department of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; Moscow 119234 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Le Luyer M, Coquerelle M, Rottier S, Bayle P. Internal Tooth Structure and Burial Practices: Insights into the Neolithic Necropolis of Gurgy (France, 5100-4000 cal. BC). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159688. [PMID: 27447183 PMCID: PMC4957824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variations in the dental crown form are widely studied to interpret evolutionary changes in primates as well as to assess affinities among human archeological populations. Compared to external metrics of dental crown size and shape, variables including the internal structures such as enamel thickness, tissue proportions, and the three-dimensional shape of enamel-dentin junction (EDJ), have been described as powerful measurements to study taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, dietary, and/or developmental patterns. In addition to providing good estimate of phenotypic distances within/across archeological samples, these internal tooth variables may help to understand phylogenetic, functional, and developmental underlying causes of variation. In this study, a high resolution microtomographic-based record of upper permanent second molars from 20 Neolithic individuals of the necropolis of Gurgy (France) was applied to evaluate the intrasite phenotypic variation in crown tissue proportions, thickness and distribution of enamel, and EDJ shape. The study aims to compare interindividual dental variations with burial practices and chronocultural parameters, and suggest underlying causes of these dental variations. From the non-invasive characterization of internal tooth structure, differences have been found between individuals buried in pits with alcove and those buried in pits with container and pits with wattling. Additionally, individuals from early and recent phases of the necropolis have been distinguished from those of the principal phase from their crown tissue proportions and EDJ shape. The results suggest that the internal tooth structure may be a reliable proxy to track groups sharing similar chronocultural and burial practices. In particular, from the EDJ shape analysis, individuals buried in an alcove shared a reduction of the distolingual dentin horn tip (corresponding to the hypocone). Environmental, developmental and/or functional underlying causes might be suggested for the origin of phenotypic differences shared by these individuals buried in alcoves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Le Luyer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Stéphane Rottier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Priscilla Bayle
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement, Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA), Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dental anthropology of a Brazilian sample: Frequency of nonmetric traits. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 258:102.e1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Evteev AA, Movsesian AA. Testing the association between human mid-facial morphology and climate using autosomal, mitochondrial, Y chromosomal polymorphisms and cranial non-metrics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:517-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej A. Evteev
- Anuchin's Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; 11 Mokhovaya St Moscow 125009 Russia
| | - Alla A. Movsesian
- Department of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; 1-12 Leninskie Gory Moscow 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thompson AR, Hedman KM, Slater PA. New dental and isotope evidence of biological distance and place of origin for mass burial groups at Cahokia's mound 72. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:341-357. [PMID: 26173443 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mound 72 at Cahokia figures prominently into interpretations of early Mississippian sociopolitical development. A previous study utilizing dental morphology concluded that the groups of mostly young adult females interred in four mass graves in Mound 72 were likely not from Cahokia and possibly reflect sacrificial offerings from outside communities. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate these findings using multiple indicators of biological relatedness and place of origin/migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological relatedness in Mound 72 was examined using dental metrics and morphology. Four additional archaeological samples from nearby sites were included to better assess biological variation within Mound 72. Strontium isotope analysis (87 Sr/86 Sr) was also conducted on individuals from several burial features in Mound 72 to determine heterogeneity in place of origin. RESULTS Biodistance studies indicate that individuals in the four mass graves are phenotypically similar to other groups in the region, whereas F229-lower, a burial group with an aberrant mortuary context, is phenotypically distinct. Strontium isotope analyses show that mean Sr signatures for each feature investigated fall within the established local range for Cahokia. However, the range of Sr ratios for individuals in F229-lower is very narrow, suggesting they reflect a single population from a limited geologic region. DISCUSSION Collectively, these results question the long-standing idea that individuals in the four mass graves were non-local to Cahokia and suggest that F229-lower contained a biologically dissimilar group that either came from an outside region with a similar Sr signature to Cahokia, or represent a distinct and restricted group from the region. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:341-357, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Kristin M Hedman
- Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Philip A Slater
- Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL.,Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hubbard AR, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Irish JD. Do nuclear DNA and dental nonmetric data produce similar reconstructions of regional population history? An example from modern coastal Kenya. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:295-304. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R. Hubbard
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology; Wright State University; Dayton OH
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology; Department of Evolution; Ecology; and Organismal Biology; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH
| | - Joel D. Irish
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Movsesian AA, Bakholdina VY, Pezhemsky DV. Biological diversity and population history of Middle Holocene hunter-gatherers from the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:559-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Movsesian
- Department of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; Moscow 119234 Russian Federation
| | - Varvara Yu. Bakholdina
- Department of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; Moscow 119234 Russian Federation
| | - Denis V. Pezhemsky
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology; Lomonosov State University; Moscow 125009 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|