1
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Hagihara Y. Fibular diaphyseal curvature of the Jomon population. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00722-w. [PMID: 37040009 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in the fibular diaphyseal curvature between prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers and modern Japanese people. A total of 115 skeletal remains of 40 individuals from the Late/Final Jomon period (approximately 4300-2500 years BP) and 75 modern Japanese individuals were included in the analysis. The degree of anteroposterior and mediolateral diaphyseal curvature was measured based on digital photographs taken from the frontal and sagittal planes at every 5% diaphyseal region between the range of 20-80% of the fibular length. Fibular diaphyseal curvature was compared between both populations and sexes, and the correlation between fibular diaphyseal curvature with diaphyseal cross-sectional morphology and body size variables were confirmed. The results showed significant differences in the anteroposterior diaphyseal curvature between the Jomon and modern Japanese populations, and a significantly curved anterior direction was noted for Jomon males and females, compared with modern Japanese males and females. On the contrary, little populational difference was noted in terms of mediolateral diaphyseal curvature. The curvature of the fibular diaphysis showed less correlation with body size variables. Moreover, anteroposterior diaphyseal curvatures were correlated with diaphyseal robustness and had low correlation with diaphyseal shape. A relationship between anteroposterior curvature and diaphyseal cross-sectional morphology, an indicator of habitual activity, was confirmed. This suggests that the fibular curvature is possibly influenced by mechanical loading from daily activities as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hagihara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-Ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
- Institute of Physical Anthropology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-Cho, Kita-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.
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2
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Devlin MJ, Eick GN, Snodgrass JJ. The utility of dried blood spot measurement of bone turnover markers in biological anthropology. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23816. [PMID: 36214251 PMCID: PMC9787861 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone is a dynamic organ under continual turnover influenced by life history stage, energy dynamics, diet, climate, and disease. Bone turnover data have enormous potential in biological anthropology for testing evolutionary and biocultural hypotheses, yet few studies have integrated these biomarkers. In the present article we systematically review the current availability, future viability, and applicability of measuring bone turnover markers (BTMs) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples obtained from finger prick whole blood. METHODS Our review considers clinical and public health relevance, biomarker stability in DBS, assay availability, and cost. We consider biomarkers of bone formation such as osteocalcin (bone matrix protein), PINP (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen), and alkaline phosphatase (osteoblast enzyme), as well as biomarkers of bone resorption such as CTX (marker of collagen breakdown) and TRACP5b (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b; osteoclast enzyme). RESULTS Two BTMs have been validated for DBS: osteocalcin (formation) and TRACP5b (resorption). Prime candidates for future development are CTX and PINP, the formation and resorption markers used for clinical monitoring of response to osteoporosis treatment. CONCLUSION BTMs are a field-friendly technique for longitudinal monitoring of skeletal biology during growth, reproduction and aging, combining minimized risk to study participants with maximized ease of sample storage and transport. This combination allows new insights into the effects of energy availability, disease, and physical activity level on bone, and questions about bone gain and loss across life history and in response to environmental factors; these issues are important in human biology, paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen J. Devlin
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Geeta N. Eick
- Global Health Biomarker Laboratory, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Global Health Biomarker Laboratory, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA,Center for Global HealthUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA,Invited Faculty, Global Station for Indigenous Studies & Cultural DiversityHokkaido UniversitySapparoHokkaidoJapan
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3
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Murray AA, Erlandson MC. Tibial cortical and trabecular variables together can pinpoint the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal females. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23711. [PMID: 34878660 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Though relationships between limb bone structure and mechanical loading have provided fantastic opportunities for understanding the lives of prehistoric adults, the lives of children remain poorly understood. Our aim was to determine whether or not adult tibial skeletal variables retain information about childhood/adolescent loading, through assessing relationships between cortical and trabecular bone variables and the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal adult females. METHODS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to quantify geometric and densitometric variables from the proximal tibial diaphysis (66% location) and distal epiphysis (4% location) among 81 nulliparous young adult female controls and athletes aged 19-33 years grouped according to intensity of impact loading both pre- and post-menarche: (1) Low:Low (Controls); (2) High:Low; (3) High:High; (4) Moderate:Moderate; (5) Low:Moderate. ANCOVA was used to compare properties among the groups adjusted for age, stature, and body mass. RESULTS Significant increases in diaphyseal total cross-sectional area and strength-strain index were documented among groups with any pre-menarcheal impact loading relative to groups with none, regardless of post-menarcheal loading history (p < .01). In contrast, significantly elevated distal trabecular volumetric bone mineral density was only documented among groups with recent post-menarcheal loading relative to groups with none, regardless of pre-menarcheal impact loading history (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The consideration of diaphyseal cortical bone geometric and epiphyseal trabecular bone densitometric variables together within the tibia can identify variation in pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal impact loading histories among premenopausal adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Murray
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Marta C Erlandson
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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4
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Profico A, Bondioli L, Raia P, O'Higgins P, Marchi D. morphomap: An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross‐sectional geometry mapping. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:129-139. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Profico
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology University of York York UK
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Service of Bioarchaeology Service Museo delle Civiltà Rome Italy
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology University of York York UK
- Hull York Medical School University of York York UK
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology University of Western Australia Perth Australia
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Department of Biology University of Pisa Pisa Italy
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg‐Braamfontein South Africa
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5
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DeMars LJD, Stephens NB, Saers JPP, Gordon A, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Using point clouds to investigate the relationship between trabecular bone phenotype and behavior: An example utilizing the human calcaneus. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23468. [PMID: 32790125 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new method for analyzing trabecular bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three dimensions. METHODS We use a combination of automatic mesh registration, point-cloud correspondence registration, and P-value corrected univariate statistical tests to compare bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy on a point by point basis across the entire calcaneus of two human groups with different subsistence strategies. RESULTS We found that the patterns of high and low bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy distribution between the Black Earth (hunter-gatherers) and Norris Farms (mixed-strategy agriculturalists) are very similar, but differ in magnitude. The hunter-gatherers exhibit higher levels of bone volume fraction and less anisotropic trabecular bone organization. Additionally, patterns of bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in the calcaneus correspond well with biomechanical expectations of relative forces experienced during walking and running. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that comparing site-specific, localized differences in trabecular bone variables such as bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three-dimensions is a powerful analytical tool. This method makes it possible to determine where similarities and differences between groups are located within the whole skeletal element of interest. The visualization of multiple variables also provides a way for researchers to see how the trabecular bone variables interact within the morphology, and allows for a more nuanced understanding of how they relate to one another and the broader mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily J D DeMars
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas B Stephens
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaap P P Saers
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Gordon
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Mulder B, Stock JT, Saers JPP, Inskip SA, Cessford C, Robb JE. Intrapopulation variation in lower limb trabecular architecture. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:112-129. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Mulder
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Jay T. Stock
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
- Department of Anthropology University of Western Ontario London Canada
- Department of Archaeology Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Jena Germany
| | - Jaap P. P. Saers
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah A. Inskip
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - Craig Cessford
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
| | - John E. Robb
- University of Cambridge, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge UK
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7
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Wilson LAB, De Groote I, Humphrey LT. Sex differences in the patterning of age-related bone loss in the human hallucal metatarsal in rural and urban populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:628-644. [PMID: 31925961 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-degenerative features of the metatarsals are poorly known despite the importance of metatarsal bone properties for investigating mobility patterns. We assessed the role of habitual activity in shaping the patterning and magnitude of sexual dimorphism in age-related bone loss in the hallucal metatarsal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sections were extracted at midshaft from micro-computed tomography scan models of individuals from medieval rural (Abingdon Vineyard) and early industrial urban (Spitalfields) settings (n = 71). A suite of cross-sectional geometry dimensions and biomechanical properties were compared between populations. RESULTS The rural group display generally stronger and larger metatarsals that show a greater capacity to resist torsion and that have comparatively greater bending strength along the medio-lateral plane. Men in both groups show greater values of cortical area than women, but only in the urban group do men show lower magnitudes of age-related decline compared to females. Women in rural and urban populations show different patterns of age-related decline in bone mass, particularly old women in the urban group show a marked decline in cortical area that is absent for women in the rural group. DISCUSSION Lifetime exposure to hard, physical activity in an agricultural setting has contributed to the attainment of greater bone mass and stronger bones in young adults. Furthermore, over the life-course, less of this greater amount of bone is lost, such that sustained activity levels may have acted to buffer against age-related decline, and this is most pronounced for women, who are expected to experience greater bone loss later in life than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A B Wilson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabelle De Groote
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Archaeology, Section Prehistory of western Europe, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise T Humphrey
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK
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8
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Velemínský P, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC - 21 st century AD). Sci Rep 2019; 9:4234. [PMID: 30862871 PMCID: PMC6414627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of bioarchaeological research have confirmed the gradual decline in lower limb loading among past human populations, beginning with the transition to agriculture. The goal of this study was to assess whether human tibial curvature reflects this decline, with a special emphasis on the time-span during which the pace of technological change has been the most rapid. Our study is the first (1) to apply longitudinal curvature analysis in the antero-posterior (A–P) and medio-lateral (M–L) planes to the human tibia, and (2) that incorporates a broad temporal population sample including the periods of intensification of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization (from 2900 BC to the 21st century AD; N = 435) within Czech territories. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether anterior tibial curvature mirrors assumed diminishing lower limb loading between prehistoric and industrialized societies and explored its shape in all three dimensions. Results showed the continuous trend of A–P straightening of the shaft. This straightening was associated with a relative sigmoidal curve accentuation in the M-L plane. Given the timescale involved and the known phenomenon of declining mobility, such adaptive changes in bone geometry can be interpreted in terms of the diminishing biomechanical demands on the tibia under different living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Velemínský P, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional geometry of human tibial anterior curvature in chronologically distinct population samples of Central Europeans (2900 BC - 21 st century AD). Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 30862871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598−019−40625−3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of bioarchaeological research have confirmed the gradual decline in lower limb loading among past human populations, beginning with the transition to agriculture. The goal of this study was to assess whether human tibial curvature reflects this decline, with a special emphasis on the time-span during which the pace of technological change has been the most rapid. Our study is the first (1) to apply longitudinal curvature analysis in the antero-posterior (A-P) and medio-lateral (M-L) planes to the human tibia, and (2) that incorporates a broad temporal population sample including the periods of intensification of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization (from 2900 BC to the 21st century AD; N = 435) within Czech territories. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we investigated whether anterior tibial curvature mirrors assumed diminishing lower limb loading between prehistoric and industrialized societies and explored its shape in all three dimensions. Results showed the continuous trend of A-P straightening of the shaft. This straightening was associated with a relative sigmoidal curve accentuation in the M-L plane. Given the timescale involved and the known phenomenon of declining mobility, such adaptive changes in bone geometry can be interpreted in terms of the diminishing biomechanical demands on the tibia under different living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Gilmour RJ, Brickley MB, Jurriaans E, Prowse TL. Maintaining mobility after fracture: A biomechanical analysis of fracture consequences at the Roman Sites of Ancaster (UK) and Vagnari (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:119-129. [PMID: 30352385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study uses biomechanical data from tibiae to investigate the functional consequences of lower limb fractures. Adults with malunited fractures are hypothesized to have experienced altered mobility, indicated by asymmetric tibial cross-sectional geometries (CSG). MATERIALS Ninety-three adults from Roman (1st to 4th centuries CE) Ancaster, UK and Vagnari, Italy (Ancaster n = 16 adults with lower limb fracture:53 without fracture; Vagnari n = 5:19) METHODS: Biplanar radiographs were used to quantify and compare tibial CSG properties and asymmetries between individuals with and without fractures to femora, tibiae, and/or fibulae. The amount of angulation, rotation, and overlap, indicative of linear deformity, were measured for each fracture. Individuals who loaded their fractured leg differently than their opposite, uninjured leg were identified using outlying amounts of CSG asymmetry. RESULTS Two Ancaster individuals had poorly aligned fractures. None of the Ancaster or Vagnari individuals with lower limb fractures had CSG properties or asymmetries outside the calculated normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of how a fracture healed, individuals at Ancaster and Vagnari generally resumed mobility after trauma whenever possible. SIGNIFICANCE This research contributes information about injury recovery and suggests that resilient behaviors and persistent mobility may have been valued or required responses to fracture in the study communities. This work advises that impairment should not be inferred based solely on the appearance of lesions. LIMITATIONS Site, sex, and age patterns in injury recovery are not evaluated due to sample size limitations. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Biomechanical assessments of post-traumatic function in varied cultural contexts are advised in order to further characterize the impact that physical and social factors have on injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Gilmour
- Department of Anthropology, Chester New Hall Room 524, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Megan B Brickley
- Department of Anthropology, Chester New Hall Room 524, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Erik Jurriaans
- Department of Radiology, Juravinski Hospital, 711 Concession St., Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 1C3, Canada
| | - Tracy L Prowse
- Department of Anthropology, Chester New Hall Room 524, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
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11
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Macintosh AA, Stock JT. Intensive terrestrial or marine locomotor strategies are associated with inter- and intra-limb bone functional adaptation in living female athletes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 168:566-581. [PMID: 30613942 PMCID: PMC6519197 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically characterize intra-limb patterns of skeletal plasticity to loading among living women, in order to better understand regional complexity in structural adaptation within the lower limb and more accurately infer behavior in the past. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography imaging of the femur, tibia, first and second metatarsals to quantify bone morphology among female controls and athletes representative of either terrestrial or marine mobility, grouped by loading category (odd-impact, repetitive low-impact, and high-magnitude). Parameters included midshaft bone density, areas, rigidity, and shape, epiphyseal bone densities and areas. We assessed between-group differences and the influence of training history on significant variation among the loading groups. RESULTS Terrestrial mobility strategies were best distinguished by significant midshaft periosteal hypertrophy across the lower limb/foot relative to controls, and by particularly high midshaft femoral and tibial cortical bone areas relative to rowers. Enhanced midshaft bone area was typically paired with decreased bone density among athlete groups. Sport-specific variation in training duration/timing was significantly correlated with multiple midshaft parameters. DISCUSSION Results demonstrate characteristic patterns of intra-limb adaptation to terrestrial and marine mobility strategies among active women relative to controls, and highlight components of these patterns that may be shaped in part by differences in loading duration/timing. Additionally, our findings support constraints on skeletal variation in the distal tibia and foot relative to more proximal locations about the knee among living women. For example, metatarsal variation was constrained, but where present reflected sport-specific variation in force distribution in the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Macintosh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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12
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Doershuk LJ, Saers JPP, Shaw CN, Jashashvili T, Carlson KJ, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Complex variation of trabecular bone structure in the proximal humerus and femur of five modern human populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:104-118. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily J. Doershuk
- Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Jaap P. P. Saers
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Colin N. Shaw
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- Department of Geology and Paleontology Georgian National Museum Tbilisi Georgia
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - Kristian J. Carlson
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
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13
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Lacoste Jeanson A, Santos F, Villa C, Banner J, Brůžek J. Architecture of the femoral and tibial diaphyses in relation to body mass and composition: Research from whole-body CT scans of adult humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:813-826. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics; Charles University; Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Santos
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS; Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8; Talence Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, Talence France
| | - Chiara Villa
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jytte Banner
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Laboratory of 3D Imaging and Analytical Methods, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics; Charles University; Praha 2 Czech Republic
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS; Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8; Talence Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, Talence France
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14
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Lacoste Jeanson A, Santos F, Dupej J, Velemínská J, Brůžek J. Sex-specific functional adaptation of the femoral diaphysis to body composition. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23123. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alizé Lacoste Jeanson
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Santos
- PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux - Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023; F-33 400 Talence France
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University - Malostranske Namestí 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Charles University - Viničná 7; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University - Malostranske Namestí 25, 118 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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Macintosh AA, Pinhasi R, Stock JT. Prehistoric women's manual labor exceeded that of athletes through the first 5500 years of farming in Central Europe. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao3893. [PMID: 29209662 PMCID: PMC5710185 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of agriculture is often associated with declining mobility and bone strength through time, although women often exhibit less pronounced trends than men. For example, previous studies of prehistoric Central European agriculturalists (~5300 calibrated years BC to 850 AD) demonstrated a significant reduction in tibial rigidity among men, whereas women were characterized by low tibial rigidity, little temporal change, and high variability. Because of the potential for sex-specific skeletal responses to mechanical loading and a lack of modern comparative data, women's activity in prehistory remains difficult to interpret. This study compares humeral and tibial cross-sectional rigidity, shape, and interlimb loading among prehistoric Central European women agriculturalists and living European women of known behavior (athletes and controls). Prehistoric female tibial rigidity at all time periods was highly variable, but differed little from living sedentary women on average, and was significantly lower than that of living runners and football players. However, humeral rigidity exceeded that of living athletes for the first ~5500 years of farming, with loading intensity biased heavily toward the upper limb. Interlimb strength proportions among Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age women were most similar to those of living semi-elite rowers. These results suggest that, in contrast to men, rigorous manual labor was a more important component of prehistoric women's behavior than was terrestrial mobility through thousands of years of European agriculture, at levels far exceeding those of modern women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Macintosh
- PAVE (Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution) Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jay T. Stock
- PAVE (Phenotypic Adaptability, Variation and Evolution) Research Group, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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Auerbach BM, Gooding AF, Shaw CN, Sylvester AD. The relative position of the human fibula to the tibia influences cross-sectional properties of the tibia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:148-157. [PMID: 28218393 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fibula transmits loads within the lower limb of hominids. The few studies of variation in the cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties of the fibula have established differences in its rigidity among groups engaged in distinct habitual loading activities. This study adds to this research by considering the relationship between CSG properties and the anatomical position of the fibula relative to the tibia among groups with differences in documented activity patterns. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used pQCT scans taken at 50% of the length of the lower leg in 83 healthy young adult collegiate-aged individuals divided into five activity groups: runners, swimmers, cricketers, field hockey players, and non-athletes. We compared variation in calculated CSG properties against the distance between fibular and tibial centroids, as well as the angle of that plane relative to the plane of tibial Imax . RESULTS Tibial and fibular CSG properties vary with respect to the relative position of the two bones. Tibial CSG properties differ in concert with the relative angle of the fibula to tibial Imax , while fibular CSG properties differ with the distance between the elements. Fibulae are more posterior-medially positioned in groups engaged in terrestrial athletics than among swimmers. DISCUSSION The tibia and fibula experience different loads. The relative position of the two bones leads to compensatory differences in their CSG properties, perhaps due to increased resistance to bending in fibulae with greater distances from the tibia. Examinations of tibial CSG properties without considering the fibula limits interpretations about activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Auerbach
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996
| | - Alice F Gooding
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996.,Department of Geography and Anthropology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, 30144
| | - Colin N Shaw
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Sylvester
- Center for Functional Anatomy & Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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Vassallo AI. Analysis of arch-like bones: The rodent mandible as a case study. J Morphol 2016; 277:879-87. [PMID: 27059294 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone strength is determined by the mechanical properties of bone material, and the size and shape of the whole bone, i.e., its architecture. The mandible of vertebrates has been traditionally regarded as a beam oriented in relation to main masticatory loads, i.e., the longer dimension of its cross-section being parallel to the load. Rodents follow this pattern but, in addition, their mandible possesses an intriguing arch-like shape that is apparent when seen in the lateral view. Little attention was given to the structural capacity of this trait. The advantage of an arch is that it can withstand a greater load than a horizontal beam. The objective of this study was to model the rodent mandible like an arch to evaluate its structural strength. The bending moment in an arch-like mandible was 15-25% lower with respect to a beam-like mandible. Further, bending varies with mandible "slenderness" and incisor procumbency, a functionally relevant rodent trait. In the rodent Ctenomys talarum (Caviomorpha; Ctenomyidae), bone stress was substantially reduced when the mandible was modeled as an arch-like structure as compared with a beam-like structure, and safety factors were 15-34% higher. The shape of rodents' mandible might confer a functional advantage to high and repeatedly applied loads resulting from a unique feeding mode: gnawing. J. Morphol. 277:879-887, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Iván Vassallo
- Department of Biology - IIMyC Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; CONICET, University of Mar Del Plata, Funes, 3250, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Macintosh AA, Pinhasi R, Stock JT. Early Life Conditions and Physiological Stress following the Transition to Farming in Central/Southeast Europe: Skeletal Growth Impairment and 6000 Years of Gradual Recovery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148468. [PMID: 26844892 PMCID: PMC4742066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life conditions play an important role in determining adult body size. In particular, childhood malnutrition and disease can elicit growth delays and affect adult body size if severe or prolonged enough. In the earliest stages of farming, skeletal growth impairment and small adult body size are often documented relative to hunter-gatherer groups, though this pattern is regionally variable. In Central/Southeast Europe, it is unclear how early life stress, growth history, and adult body size were impacted by the introduction of agriculture and ensuing long-term demographic, social, and behavioral change. The current study assesses this impact through the reconstruction and analysis of mean stature, body mass, limb proportion indices, and sexual dimorphism among 407 skeletally mature men and women from foraging and farming populations spanning the Late Mesolithic through Early Medieval periods in Central/Southeast Europe (~7100 calBC to 850 AD). Results document significantly reduced mean stature, body mass, and crural index in Neolithic agriculturalists relative both to Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fishers and to later farming populations. This indication of relative growth impairment in the Neolithic, particularly among women, is supported by existing evidence of high developmental stress, intensive physical activity, and variable access to animal protein in these early agricultural populations. Among subsequent agriculturalists, temporal increases in mean stature, body mass, and crural index were more pronounced among Central European women, driving declines in the magnitude of sexual dimorphism through time. Overall, results suggest that the transition to agriculture in Central/Southeast Europe was challenging for early farming populations, but was followed by gradual amelioration across thousands of years, particularly among Central European women. This sex difference may be indicative, in part, of greater temporal variation in the social status afforded to young girls, in their access to resources during growth, and/or in their health status than was experienced by men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Macintosh
- PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Earth Institute and School of Archaeology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay T. Stock
- PAVE Research Group, Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Nadell JA, Shaw CN. Phenotypic plasticity and constraint along the upper and lower limb diaphyses ofHomo sapiens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 159:410-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin N. Shaw
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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Wilson LA, Humphrey LT. A Virtual geometric morphometric approach to the quantification of long bone bilateral asymmetry and cross-sectional shape. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A.B. Wilson
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Kensington Sydney NS 2052 Australia
| | - Louise T. Humphrey
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD UK
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