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Martin N, Thibeault A, Varadzinová L, Ambrose SH, Antoine D, Brukner Havelková P, Honegger M, Irish JD, Osypiński P, Usai D, Vanderesse N, Varadzin L, Whiting RJ, Velemínský P, Crevecoeur I. From hunter-gatherers to food producers: New dental insights into the Nile Valley population history (Late Paleolithic-Neolithic). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24948. [PMID: 38733278 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents biological affinities between the last hunter-fisher-gatherers and first food-producing societies from the Nile Valley. We investigate odontometric and dental tissue proportion changes between these populations from the Middle Nile Valley and acknowledge the biological processes behind them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental remains of 329 individuals from Nubia and Central Sudan that date from the Late Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene are studied. Using 3D imaging techniques, we investigated outer and inner metric aspects of upper central incisors, and first and second upper molars. RESULTS Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic foragers display homogeneous crown dimensions, dental tissue proportions, and enamel thickness distribution. This contrasts with Neolithic trends for significant differences from earlier samples on inner and outer aspects. Finally, within the Neolithic sample differences are found between Nubian and Central Sudanese sites. DISCUSSION Substantial dental variation appears to have occurred around 6000 bce in the Nile Valley, coinciding with the emergence of food-producing societies in the region. Archeological and biological records suggest little differences in dietary habits and dental health during this transition. Furthermore, the substantial variations identified here would have happened in an extremely short time, a few centuries at most. This does not support in situ diet-related adaptation. Rather, we suggest these data are consistent with some level of population discontinuity between the Mesolithic and Neolithic samples considered here. Complex settlement processes could also explain the differences between Nubia and Central Sudan, and with previous results based on nonmetric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Pessac, France
| | - Adrien Thibeault
- PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Pessac, France
| | - Lenka Varadzinová
- Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanley H Ambrose
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Antoine
- Department of Egypt and Sudan, The British Museum, London, UK
| | - Petra Brukner Havelková
- Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthieu Honegger
- Institut d'Archéologie, University of Neuchâtel, Hauterive, Switzerland
| | - Joel D Irish
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Paleoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Piotr Osypiński
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Donatella Usai
- Centro Studi Sudanesi e Sub-Sahariani ONLUS, Strada Canizzano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanderesse
- PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Pessac, France
| | - Ladislav Varadzin
- Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Crevecoeur
- PACEA, UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, Pessac, France
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Yang G, Chen Y, Li Q, Benítez D, Ramírez LM, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Hanihara T, Scott GR, Acuña Alonzo V, Gonzalez Jose R, Bortolini MC, Poletti G, Gallo C, Rothhammer F, Rojas W, Zanolli C, Adhikari K, Ruiz-Linares A, Delgado M. Dental size variation in admixed Latin Americans: Effects of age, sex and genomic ancestry. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285264. [PMID: 37141293 PMCID: PMC10159210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental size variation in modern humans has been assessed from regional to worldwide scales, especially under microevolutionary and forensic contexts. Despite this, populations of mixed continental ancestry such as contemporary Latin Americans remain unexplored. In the present study we investigated a large Latin American sample from Colombia (N = 804) and obtained buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and three indices for maxillary and mandibular teeth (except third molars). We evaluated the correlation between 28 dental measurements (and three indices) with age, sex and genomic ancestry (estimated using genome-wide SNP data). In addition, we explored correlation patterns between dental measurements and the biological affinities, based on these measurements, between two Latin American samples (Colombians and Mexicans) and three putative parental populations: Central and South Native Americans, western Europeans and western Africans through PCA and DFA. Our results indicate that Latin Americans have high dental size diversity, overlapping the variation exhibited by the parental populations. Several dental dimensions and indices have significant correlations with sex and age. Western Europeans presented closer biological affinities with Colombians, and the European genomic ancestry exhibited the highest correlations with tooth size. Correlations between tooth measurements reveal distinct dental modules, as well as a higher integration of postcanine dentition. The effects on dental size of age, sex and genomic ancestry is of relevance for forensic, biohistorical and microevolutionary studies in Latin Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Benítez
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Tsunehiko Hanihara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - G Richard Scott
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Victor Acuña Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Gonzalez Jose
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Maria Catira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Winston Rojas
- GENMOL (Genética Molecular), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Biocultural Anthropology, Law, Ethics, and Health (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR-7268), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Miguel Delgado
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- División Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, República Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
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Šimková PG, Weber GW, Ramirez Rozzi FV, Slimani L, Sadoine J, Fornai C. Morphological variation of the deciduous second molars in the Baka Pygmies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16480. [PMID: 34389746 PMCID: PMC8363745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baka Pygmies are known for their short stature resulting from a reduced growth rate during infancy. They are peculiar also for their teeth erupt earlier than in any other African population, and their posterior dentition is larger than in non-Pygmy populations. However, the Baka's dental morphology, like several other aspects of their biology, is still understudied. Here, we explore the variation of the Baka's deciduous upper and lower second molars (dm2s) in comparison to a geographically heterogeneous human sample by means of 3D geometric morphometrics and analysis of dental traits. Our results show that the different populations largely overlap based on the shape of their dm2s, especially the lower ones. Their distal region and the height of the dentinal crown differ the most, with the Baka showing the most extreme range of variation. Upper and lower dm2s covary to a great extent (RV = 0.82). The Baka's and South Americans' dm2s were confirmed among the largest in our sample. Despite the Baka's unique growth pattern, long-lasting isolation, and extreme dental variation, it is not possible to distinguish them from other populations based on their dm2s' morphology only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra G Šimková
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard W Weber
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernando V Ramirez Rozzi
- UMR7206 Ecoanthropologie, MNHN, CNRS, UP, Musée de L'Homme, Paris, France
- EA 2496 Pathologies, Imagerie et biothérapies oro-faciales, Université Paris Descartes, Montrouge, France
| | - Lotfi Slimani
- UR2496 - Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- UR2496 - Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, Montrouge, France
| | - Cinzia Fornai
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Vienna School of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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Rathmann H, Kyle B, Nikita E, Harvati K, Saltini Semerari G. Population history of southern Italy during Greek colonization inferred from dental remains. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:519-534. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Rathmann
- DFG Center for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Britney Kyle
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Northern Colorado Greeley Colorado
| | - Efthymia Nikita
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research CenterThe Cyprus Institute Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Katerina Harvati
- DFG Center for Advanced Studies “Words, Bones, Genes, Tools”Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and PalaeoenvironmentEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Romero A, Ramirez-Rozzi FV, Cuesta-Torralvo E, Pérez-Pérez A. Age-related tooth wear in African rainforest hunter-gatherers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:622-628. [PMID: 31599980 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Central African small-scale foragers subsist primarily on hunting game activities and wild plant-food gathering. Starch-rich tubers are underground storage organs (USOs) and staple food resources in savanna and tropical rainforests. However, little is known about the effect of USO consumption on tooth wear development in living hunter-gatherers. We report age- and sex-dependent tooth wear rates in forest-dwelling Baka Pygmies with well-documented wild-yam-tuber-based diet to explore the long-term impact of USO mechanical hardness and abrasiveness on the wearing down of the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Percentages of dentine exposure (PDEs) of permanent left mandibular first molars (M1 ) were recorded using in vivo high-resolution replicas of Baka individuals (aged 8-33 years), inhabiting Le Bosquet district in Cameroon (Western Africa). Regression and covariance analyses were used to test the effect of individual aging by sex on PDE rates. RESULTS We found a strong increase of PDE by age among Baka individuals. No evidence of sexual dimorphism in wear patterns suggests similar sex-related dietary and masticatory demands during growth. Overall, greatest dentine exposure values ≈4% denote unexpected slow wear down rates for foraging diets relying on USO consumption. DISCUSSION The low molar wear rates with age found in Baka Pygmies contrast with extensive wear rates in savanna-dwelling foragers, reflecting differences in thermal processing techniques affecting fracture toughness and grittiness of mechanically challenging foods. Our findings reveal that culture-specific dietary proclivities influence tooth wear among foraging behaviors with important implications in hominin dietary versatility and abrasive stress on chewing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Elisabeth Cuesta-Torralvo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciencies Ambientals, Secció Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Background: The relationship between tooth size and stature has been analysed extensively at the interspecies level but has received less attention at the intraspecies level. The relationship between these two parameters does not seem to be the same among modern human populations.Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between tooth dimensions and body measurements in the Baka Pygmies.Subjects and methods: Height, weight, and tooth dimensions were obtained for 45 adult Baka females and 17 males from Le Bosquet (Cameroon). Correlations were obtained between the variables and compared to results for other human populations.Results: The Baka population is distinctive in the small number of significant correlations. Only two buccolingual diameters among Baka females show any significant correlation with height. The lack of significant correlations between tooth dimensions and body dimensions among the Baka means that changes in body size are accompanied by random variations in tooth dimensions.Conclusion: The absence of correlations may be accounted for by the impact of environmental effects on the somatic growth of the Baka producing a Pygmy phenotype adapted to live in the forest. It is worth noting that many correlations become significant when sexes are pooled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Ramirez-Rozzi
- UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN UP, 17 pl. Trocadéro, Paris, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, EA 2496, Université Paris, Montrouge, France
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Sorenti M, Martinón-Torres M, Martín-Francés L, Perea-Pérez B. Sexual dimorphism of dental tissues in modern human mandibular molars. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:332-340. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorenti
- Department of Anthropology; University College London; London United Kingdom
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Department of Anthropology; University College London; London United Kingdom
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution); Burgos Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution); Burgos Spain
- De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie; University of Bordeaux; Pessac Cedex France
| | - Bernardo Perea-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Antropología Forense, Escuela de Medicina Legal y Forense; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
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