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Grine FE, Mongle CS, Kollmer W, Romanos G, du Plessis A, Maureille B, Braga J. Hypercementosis in Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens fossils from Klasies River Main Site, South Africa. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 149:105664. [PMID: 36889227 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine early Homo sapiens fossils from the Late Pleistocene site of Klasies River Main Site, South Africa for evidence of hypercementosis. The specimens represent seven adult individuals dated to between 119,000 and 58,000 years ago. These observations are contextualized in relation to the incidences of hypercementosis among recent human populations and fossil human samples and the potential etiologies of hypercementosis. DESIGN The fossils were investigated utilizing micro-CT and nano-CT scanning to visualize and measure cementum apposition on permanent incisor, premolar and molar roots. Cementum thickness was measured at mid-root level, and the volume of the cementum sleeve was calculated for the two fossil specimens that display marked hypercementosis. RESULTS Two of the fossils display no evidence of cementum hypertrophy. Three exhibit moderate cementum thickening, barely attaining the quantitative threshold for hypercementosis. Two evince marked hypercementosis. One of the Klasies specimens with marked hypercementosis is judged to be an older individual with periapical abscessing. The second specimen is a younger adult, and seemingly similar in age to other Klasies fossils that exhibit only minimal cementum apposition. However, this second specimen exhibits dento-alveolar ankylosis of the premolar and molars. CONCLUSIONS These two fossils from Klasies River Main Site provide the earliest manifestation of hypercementosis in Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick E Grine
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Carrie S Mongle
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - William Kollmer
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Georgios Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Anton du Plessis
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Object Research Systems, 460 Saint-Catherine St. W, Montreal, Quebec H3B 1A7, Canada
| | - Bruno Maureille
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - José Braga
- Center for Anthrobiology & Genomics Institute of Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse 31000, France
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Compton T, Skinner MM, Humphrey L, Pope M, Bates M, Davies TW, Parfitt SA, Plummer WP, Scott B, Shaw A, Stringer C. The morphology of the Late Pleistocene hominin remains from the site of La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey (Channel Islands). J Hum Evol 2021; 152:102939. [PMID: 33517134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen permanent fully erupted teeth were excavated at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey in 1910 and 1911. These were all found in the same location, on a ledge behind a hearth in a Mousterian occupation level. They were originally identified as being Neanderthal. A fragment of occipital bone was found in a separate locality in a later season. Recent dating of adjacent sediments gives a probable age of <48 ka. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated description of the morphology of this material and consider its likely taxonomic assignment from comparison with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens samples. One of the original teeth has been lost, and we identify one as nonhominin. At least two adult individuals are represented. Cervix shape and the absence of common Neanderthal traits in several teeth suggest affinities with H. sapiens in both individuals, while crown and root dimensions and root morphology of all the teeth are entirely consistent with a Neanderthal attribution, pointing toward a possible shared Neanderthal and H. sapiens ancestry (the likely date of this material corresponds with the time in which both Neanderthals and H. sapiens were present in Europe). The occipital fragment is stratigraphically more recent and does not exhibit any diagnostic Neanderthal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Compton
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louise Humphrey
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Matthew Pope
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - Martin Bates
- Faculty of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Wales Trinity St David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 7ED, UK
| | - Thomas W Davies
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon A Parfitt
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - William P Plummer
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Beccy Scott
- The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 6EB, UK
| | - Chris Stringer
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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Nowaczewska W, Binkowski M, Benazzi S, Vazzana A, Nadachowski A, Stefaniak K, Żarski M, Talamo S, Compton T, Stringer CB, Hajdinjak M, Hublin JJ. New hominin teeth from Stajnia Cave, Poland. J Hum Evol 2021; 151:102929. [PMID: 33418451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław 51-148, Poland.
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, Chorzów 41-200, Poland
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy
| | - Adam Nadachowski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Kraków 31-016, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Paleozoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Marcin Żarski
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, Warsaw 00-975, Poland
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Tim Compton
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris B Stringer
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mateja Hajdinjak
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany; International Chair of Paleoanthropology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231, France
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Pluridisciplinary evidence for burial for the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal child. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21230. [PMID: 33299013 PMCID: PMC7725784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of funerary practices has important implications for the emergence of so-called modern cognitive capacities and behaviour. We provide new multidisciplinary information on the archaeological context of the La Ferrassie 8 Neandertal skeleton (grand abri of La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France), including geochronological data -14C and OSL-, ZooMS and ancient DNA data, geological and stratigraphic information from the surrounding context, complete taphonomic study of the skeleton and associated remains, spatial information from the 1968-1973 excavations, and new (2014) fieldwork data. Our results show that a pit was dug in a sterile sediment layer and the corpse of a two-year-old child was laid there. A hominin bone from this context, identified through Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) and associated with Neandertal based on its mitochondrial DNA, yielded a direct 14C age of 41.7-40.8 ka cal BP (95%), younger than the 14C dates of the overlying archaeopaleontological layers and the OSL age of the surrounding sediment. This age makes the bone one of the most recent directly dated Neandertals. It is consistent with the age range for the Châtelperronian in the site and in this region and represents the third association of Neandertal taxa to Initial Upper Palaeolithic lithic technocomplex in Western Europe. A detailed multidisciplinary approach, as presented here, is essential to advance understanding of Neandertal behavior, including funerary practices.
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Gómez-Olivencia A, López-Onaindia D, Sala N, Balzeau A, Pantoja-Pérez A, Arganda-Carreras I, Arlegi M, Rios-Garaizar J, Gómez-Robles A. The human remains from Axlor (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:475-491. [PMID: 31889305 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the description and comparative analysis of all the human fossil remains found at Axlor during the excavations carried out by J. M. de Barandiarán from 1967 to 1974: a cranial vault fragment and seven teeth, five of which likely belonged to the same individual, although two are currently lost. Our goal is to describe in detail all these human remains and discuss both their taxonomic attribution and their stratigraphic context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe external and internal anatomy, and use classic and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Axlor are compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans. RESULTS Two teeth (a left dm2 , a left di1 ) and the parietal fragment show morphological features consistent with a Neandertal classification, and were found in an undisturbed Mousterian context. The remaining three teeth (plus the two lost ones), initially classified as Neandertals, show morphological features and a general size that are more compatible with their classification as modern humans. DISCUSSION A left parietal fragment (Level VIII) from a single probably adult Neandertal individual was recovered during the old excavations performed by Barandiarán. Additionally, two different Neandertal children lost deciduous teeth during the formations of levels V (left di1 ) and IV (right dm2 ). In addition, a modern human individual is represented by five remains (two currently lost) from a complex stratigraphic setting. Some of the morphological features of these remains suggest that they may represent one of the scarce examples of Upper Paleolithic modern human remains in the northern Iberian Peninsula, which should be confirmed by direct dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gómez-Olivencia
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego López-Onaindia
- GREAB, Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facutat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nohemi Sala
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.,Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Ana Pantoja-Pérez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Computacion e Inteligencia Artificial, Facultad de Informatica, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 1, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Arlegi
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joseba Rios-Garaizar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Aida Gómez-Robles
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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