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Guo YX, Lan JL, Song YX, Bu WQ, Tang Y, Wu ZX, Meng HT, Wu D, Yang H, Guo YC. Different machine learning methods based on maxillary sinus in sex estimation for northwestern Chinese Han population. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03255-7. [PMID: 38760564 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Sex estimation is a critical aspect of forensic expertise. Some special anatomical structures, such as the maxillary sinus, can still maintain integrity in harsh environmental conditions and may be served as a basis for sex estimation. Due to the complex nature of sex estimation, several studies have been conducted using different machine learning algorithms to improve the accuracy of sex prediction from anatomical measurements. MATERIAL & METHODS In this study, linear data of the maxillary sinus in the population of northwest China by using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) were collected and utilized to develop logistic, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) models for sex estimation with R 4.3.1. CBCT images from 477 samples of Han population (75 males and 81 females, aged 5-17 years; 162 males and 159 females, aged 18-72) were used to establish and verify the model. Length (MSL), width (MSW), height (MSH) of both the left and right maxillary sinuses and distance of lateral wall between two maxillary sinuses (distance) were measured. 80% of the data were randomly picked as the training set and others were testing set. Besides, these samples were grouped by age bracket and fitted models as an attempt. RESULTS Overall, the accuracy of the sex estimation for individuals over 18 years old on the testing set was 77.78%, with a slightly higher accuracy rate for males at 78.12% compared to females at 77.42%. However, accuracy of sex estimation for individuals under 18 was challenging. In comparison to logistic, KNN and SVM, RF exhibited higher accuracy rates. Moreover, incorporating age as a variable improved the accuracy of sex estimation, particularly in the 18-27 age group, where the accuracy rate increased to 88.46%. Meanwhile, all variables showed a linear correlation with age. CONCLUSION The linear measurements of the maxillary sinus could be a valuable tool for sex estimation in individuals aged 18 and over. A robust RF model has been developed for sex estimation within the Han population residing in the northwestern region of China. The accuracy of sex estimation could be higher when age is used as a predictive variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Long Lan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xuan Song
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qin Bu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Tian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 XiWu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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Bastir M, Sanz-Prieto D, Burgos MA, Pérez-Ramos A, Heuzé Y, Maréchal L, Evteev A, Toro-Ibacache V, Esteban-Ortega F. Beyond skeletal studies: A computational analysis of nasal airway function in climate adaptation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24932. [PMID: 38516761 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ecogeographic variation in human nasal anatomy has historically been analyzed on skeletal morphology and interpreted in the context of climatic adaptations to respiratory air-conditioning. Only a few studies have analyzed nasal soft tissue morphology, actively involved in air-conditioning physiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used in vivo computer tomographic scans of (N = 146) adult individuals from Cambodia, Chile, Russia, and Spain. We conducted (N = 438) airflow simulations during inspiration using computational fluid dynamics to analyze the air-conditioning capacities of the nasal soft tissue in the inflow, functional, and outflow tract, under three different environmental conditions: cold-dry; hot-dry; and hot-humid. We performed statistical comparisons between populations and sexes. RESULTS Subjects from hot-humid regions showed significantly lower air-conditioning capacities than subjects from colder regions in all the three conditions, specifically within the isthmus region in the inflow tract, and the anterior part of the internal functional tract. Posterior to the functional tract, no differences were detected. No differences between sexes were found in any of the tracts and under any of the conditions. DISCUSSION Our statistical analyses support models of climatic adaptations of anterior nasal soft tissue morphology that fit with, and complement, previous research on dry skulls. However, our results challenge a morpho-functional model that attributes air-conditioning capacities exclusively to the functional tract located within the nasal cavity. Instead, our findings support studies that have suggested that both, the external nose and the intra-facial soft tissue airways contribute to efficiently warming and humidifying air during inspiration. This supports functional interpretations in modern midfacial variation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanz-Prieto
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural Sciences-Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering Group, Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Burgos
- Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering Group, Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Ramos
- Paleobiology, Paleoclimatology, and Paleogeography Group, Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Yann Heuzé
- CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Laura Maréchal
- CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Center for Quantitative Analysis in Dental Anthropology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Palamenghi A, Cappella A, Cellina M, De Angelis D, Sforza C, Cattaneo C, Gibelli D. Assessment of Anatomical Uniqueness of Maxillary Sinuses through 3D-3D Superimposition: An Additional Help to Personal Identification. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1018. [PMID: 37508447 PMCID: PMC10376834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Paranasal sinuses represent one of the most individualizing structures of the human body and some of them have been already analyzed for possible applications to personal identification, such as the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. This study explores the application of 3D-3D superimposition to maxillary sinuses in personal identification. One hundred head CT-scans of adult subjects (equally divided among males and females) were extracted from a hospital database. Maxillary sinuses were segmented twice from each subject through ITK-SNAP software and the correspondent 3D models were automatically superimposed to obtain 100 matches (when they belonged to the same person) and 100 mismatches (when they were extracted from different individuals), both from the right and left side. Average RMS (root mean square) point-to-point distance was then calculated for all the superimpositions; differences according to sex, side, and group (matches and mismatches) were assessed through three-way ANOVA test (p < 0.017). On average, RMS values were lower in matches (0.26 ± 0.19 mm in males, 0.24 ± 0.18 mm in females) than in mismatches (2.44 ± 0.87 mm in males, 2.20 ± 0.73 mm in females) with a significant difference (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found according to sex or side (p > 0.017). The study verified the potential of maxillary sinuses as reliable anatomical structures for personal identification in the forensic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palamenghi
- LAFAS-Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
- LABANOF-Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Michaela Cellina
- Reparto di Radiologia, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Danilo De Angelis
- LABANOF-Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiarella Sforza
- LAFAS-Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF-Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Gibelli
- LAFAS-Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Jin X, Lu Y, Ren X, Guo S, Jin D, Liu B, Bai X, Liu J. Exploring the influence of nasal vestibule structure on nasal obstruction using CFD and Machine Learning method. Med Eng Phys 2023; 117:103988. [PMID: 37331745 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by clinical findings about the nasal vestibule, this study analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of the nasal vestibule and attempt to determine anatomical features which have a large influence on airflow through a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and machine learning method. Firstly, the aerodynamic characteristics of the nasal vestibule are detailedly analyzed using the CFD method. Based on CFD simulation results, we divide the nasal vestibule into two types with distinctly different airflow patterns, which is consistent with clinical findings. Secondly, we explore the relationship between anatomical features and aerodynamic characteristics by developing a novel machine learning model which could predict airflow patterns based on several anatomical features. Feature mining is performed to determine the anatomical feature which has the greatest impact on respiratory function. The method is developed and validated on 41 unilateral nasal vestibules from 26 patients with nasal obstruction. The correctness of the CFD analysis and the developed model is verified by comparing them with clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Darui Jin
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China; ShenYuan Honors College, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Xiangzhi Bai
- Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Jotolaryngology department, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Gülşen A, Şibar S, Ismail BK. Relationship between the nasal profile and craniofacial structures: does part of the nasal profile reflect some craniofacial structures? Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:228-239. [PMID: 36394694 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the nasal profile and other craniofacial structures. Lateral cephalometric images of 124 adults were collected for this purpose. Statistical analyses such as regression analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were conducted on nasal and craniofacial anatomical parameters and their relationships. The regression analysis revealed that nasal length was related to maxillary height; nasal depth was related to the position of the maxilla and anterior cranial base length; and nasal base angle was related to upper dentoalveolar height. CCA revealed that nasal parameters (nasal length, depth, and hump) correlated more strongly with craniofacial parameters (maxillary height, anterior-posterior position of the maxilla, and maxillary length). Individuals with maxillary development curved anteriorly upwards had a straighter and smaller nasal profile, while those with maxillary development curved posteriorly downwards had a more arched and large nasal profile. The shape of the nasal dorsum was affected by the maxillomandibular rotation, while the increase in nasal base inclination was accompanied by an upward rotation of the maxillary plane, an increase in the upper dentoalveolar height, and an increase in the lower facial height. While it was observed that each nasal parameter was correlated with the underlying craniofacial structures to some extent, it was also observed that it would be more useful to evaluate the cumulative effects posed by craniofacial parameters. Various combinations of skeletal and dental structures are related to the nasal profile in varying forms and knowing these relationships will help reshape the face and provide aesthetic harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Gülşen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi C Blok 14. Kat Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Şibar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi C Blok 14. Kat Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Kaan Ismail
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi C Blok 14. Kat Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Osbon SA, Butaric LN. Investigating the relationship between infraorbital canal morphology and maxillary sinus size. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:110-123. [PMID: 35633032 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate relationships between maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and the bony structures associated with the infraorbital nerve (ION). Computed tomographic scans of 87 adult crania (174 sides) from four morphologically diverse groups (West Africans, East Africans, North Asians, Europeans) were utilized. Seven primary variables were collected: infraorbital canal (IOC) type; infraorbital foramen (IOF) shape; distance from the foramen rotundum to IOF (FR-IOF); distance from the posterior wall of the infraorbital groove to IOF (IOG-IOF); and MS length, breadth, and height. Chi-square analyses indicated a significant association between IOC-type and IOF-shape (Pearson chi-square = 12.710; p-value = .013), with the most common pattern being oval IOFs and Type-I IOCs (45.68% of the sample; 74/162 sides). Analysis of covariance indicated a significant effect of ancestry (F = 8.333; p < .001) and MS length (F = 15.406; p < .001) on IOG-IOF distance. Ordinal regression analyses indicated that MS length (Wald chi-square = 7.103; p = .008) also maintained a significant effect on IOC-type, while multinominal regression analyses indicated that none of the measured parameters had a significant effect on IOF-shape. These results have clinical implications: recognizing IOC-type and IOF-shape relative to the MS is important to avoid ION damage during medical procedures. Overall, this study found most individuals possess Type-I IOCs (housed in the maxillary sinus roof) and oval-shaped IOFs. Most aspects of the ION pathway, including IOC-type and IOF-shape, were not influenced by ancestry or sex. However, antero-posteriorly longer MSs tend to possess Type-III IOCs protruding into the sinus, which could lead to surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- SaCora A Osbon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
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Maréchal L, Dumoncel J, Santos F, Astudillo Encina W, Evteev A, Prevost A, Toro-Ibacache V, Venter RG, Heuzé Y. New insights into the variability of upper airway morphology in modern humans. J Anat 2022; 242:781-795. [PMID: 36585765 PMCID: PMC10093156 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological adaptation of the human lineage to its environment is a recurring question in paleoanthropology. Particularly, how eco-geographic factors (e.g., environmental temperature and humidity) have shaped upper airway morphology in hominins have been subject to continuing debate. Nasal shape is the result of many intertwined factors that include, but are not limited to, genetic drift, sexual selection, or adaptation to climate. A quantification of nasal airway (NA) morphological variation in modern human populations is crucial to better understand these multiple factors. In the present research, we study 195 in vivo CT scans of adult individuals collected in five different geographic areas (Chile, France, Cambodia, Russia, and South Africa). After segmentation of the nasal airway, we reconstruct 3D meshes that are analyzed with a landmark-free geometric morphometrics method based on surface deformation. Our results highlight subtle but statistically significant morphological differences between our five samples. The two morphologically closest groups are France and Russia, whose NAs are longer and narrower, with an important protrusion of the supero-anterior part. The Cambodian sample is the most morphologically distinct and clustered sample, with a mean NA that is wider and shorter. On the contrary, the Chilean sample form the most scattered cluster with the greatest intra-population variation. The South African sample is morphologically close to the Cambodian sample, but also partially overlaps the French and Russian variation. Interestingly, we record no correlation between NA volume and geographic groups, which raises the question of climate-related metabolic demands for oxygen consumption. The other factors of variation (sex and age) have no influence on the NA shape in our samples. However, NA volume varies significantly according both to sex and age: it is higher in males than in females and tends to increase with age. In contrast, we observe no effect of temperature or humidity on NA volume. Finally, we highlight the important influence of asymmetries related to nasal septum deviations in NA shape variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maréchal
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
| | | | - Andrej Evteev
- Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alice Prevost
- Plastic and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Viviana Toro-Ibacache
- Centro de Análisis Cuantitativo en Antropología Dental, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rudolph G Venter
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yann Heuzé
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, Pessac, France
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Kim S, Ward LA, Butaric LN, Maddux SD. Human maxillary sinus size, shape, and surface area: Implications for structural and functional hypotheses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 179:640-654. [PMID: 36790751 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although research into human maxillary sinus (MS) morphology has overwhelmingly focused on sinus volume, other aspects of morphology (e.g., overall shape, mucosal surface area) factor prominently in hypotheses regarding MS form and function. Here, we investigate MS volume in conjunction with measures of MS shape and surface area in a large, diverse sample of modern humans. We test whether variation in MS volume is associated with predictable changes in MS shape (i.e., allometry) and investigate the influence of MS size-shape scaling on mucosal surface area dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measures of MS volume and surface area were obtained from computed tomographic (CT) scans of 162 modern human crania from three ancestral backgrounds-Equatorial Africa, Europe, and East Asia. 3D coordinate landmarks and linear measurements were also collected. Multivariate analyses were employed to test for associations between MS volume and other morphological variables. RESULTS Significant associations between MS volume and 3D shape were identified both across and within the subsamples. Variation in MS volume was found to predominantly relate to differences in MS height and width dimensions relative to MS length. This pattern of allometric scaling was found to differentially influence total mucosal surface area and the SAV ratio. CONCLUSION This study suggests that variation in MS volume is disproportionately mediated by MS width and height dimensions. This finding has implications for hypotheses which structurally link MS morphology to craniofacial ontogeny and those which suggest that MS morphology may perform adaptive physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhhyun Kim
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lyndee A Ward
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott D Maddux
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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de Mendonça DS, Ribeiro EC, de Barros Silva PG, Rodrigues AA, Kurita LM, de Aguiar ASW, Tuji FM, Neves FS, Carvalho FSR, Costa FWG. Diagnostic accuracy of paranasal sinus measurements on multislice computed tomography for sex estimation: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:2151-2164. [PMID: 35906754 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to answer the question, "Are paranasal measurements obtained with multislice computed tomography able to accurately estimate sex?" This PROSPERO-registered systematic review included six databases and gray literature. Meta-analysis of linear and volumetric data was performed using a random-effects model, mean differences (MDs), and inverse variance. The QUADAS-2 tool-related risk of bias (RoB) and certainty evidence (GRADE approach) were assessed. A total of 1651 articles were initially selected from the main electronic databases for title and abstract screening. After removing duplicates and studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 18 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The screened studies included 2507 computed tomography of non-pathologic paranasal sinuses of adults aged between 18 and 40 years. Frontal sinus (FS) width (-4.89 mm; p < 0.00001) and maxillary sinus (MS) height (-3.73 mm; p < 0.00001) showed the greatest MD between females and males. Regarding volume, the MD was significant (p < 0.00001) in both paranasal sinuses (-3.01 and -1.04 cm3 , respectively). The best sensitivity (ability to identify males) and specificity (ability to identify females) were found for the anteroposterior (72.3%) and intermaxillary (69%) MS distances, respectively. In general, all studies exhibited low RoB and applicability concerns. The certainty of the evidence was categorized as very low to moderate. Both paranasal sinuses were shown to be dimorphic structures, which could be valuable tools for forensic identification using the FS width and MS anteroposterior distance measurements. However, heterogeneity among studies must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther C Ribeiro
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Arlan A Rodrigues
- School of Zootechnics, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Areia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M Kurita
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício M Tuji
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Frederico S Neves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Francisco S R Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Sobral, Fortaleza, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Fábio W G Costa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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10
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Shah R, Frank-Ito DO. The role of normal nasal morphological variations from race and gender differences on respiratory physiology. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 297:103823. [PMID: 34883314 PMCID: PMC9258636 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies anatomical and airflow-induced relationships based on nasal morphological variations due to inter- and intra-racial differences and gender. Subject-specific nasal airway reconstruction was created from computed tomography images in 16 subjects: 4 subjects from each ethnic group (Black, East Asian, Caucasian, and Latino) comprising of 2 males and 2 females. Volume, surface area and nasal index were calculated, as well as airflow rate and nasal resistance after computational fluid dynamics simulations in the nasal airway. Results showed that nasal airspace surface area (p = 0.0499) and volume (p = 0.0281) were significantly greater in males than in females. Nasal volume was greatest in East Asians (Median = 20.38cm3, Interquartile Range [IQR] = 4.58 cm3), Latinos had the greatest surface area (Median = 219.70cm2, IQR = 29.56cm2). On average, East Asian and Black females had larger nasal index than their male counterparts. Caucasians had the highest median nasal resistance (0.050 Pa.s/mL, IQR = 0.025 Pa.s/mL). Results indicate that there exist anatomical variabilities based on race and gender. However, these variabilities may not significantly influence nasal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reanna Shah
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis Onyeka Frank-Ito
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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Bastir M, Sanz-Prieto D, Burgos M. Three-dimensional form and function of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in humans and chimpanzees. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1962-1973. [PMID: 34636487 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The facial differences between recent Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens can be used as a proxy for the reduction of facial prognathism that happened during evolutionary transition between Australopithecines and early Homo. The projecting nasal morphology of Homo has been considered both a passive consequence of anatomical reorganization related to brain and integrated craniofacial evolution as well as an adaptation related to air-conditioning during physiological and behavioral shifts in human evolution. Yet, previous research suggested impaired air-conditioning in Homo challenging respiratory adaptations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and airflow simulations. Here we improved CFD model at the inflow region and also carried out three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics to address the hypothesis of impaired air-conditioning in humans and species differences in airway shape. With the new CFD model we simulated pressure, velocity, and temperature changes in airflow of six adult humans and six chimpanzees and analyzed 164 semi-landmarks of 10 humans and 10 chimpanzees for 3D size and shape comparisons. Our finding shows significantly different internal 3D nasal airways. Also, species means of pressure, velocity, and temperature differed statistically significantly. However, form-related differences in temperature exchanges seem subtle and may question adaptive disadvantages. We rather support a hypothesis of craniofacial changes in the Australopithecus-Homo transition that are related to brain evolution and craniofacial integration with facial and nasal modifications that contribute to maintain respiratory adaptations related to air conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanz-Prieto
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y Fluidos, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Manuel Burgos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Térmica y Fluidos, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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12
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Haj Yahya B, Bar-Hai D, Samehov D, Chaushu G, Hamzani Y. Sinus Augmentation-Expect the Unexpected: Diagnostic Anatomical Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194293. [PMID: 34640309 PMCID: PMC8509396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
“Big-nose variant” is an anatomical phenomenon defined as the pneumatization of inferior third of the nasal cavity within the alveolar ridge while simultaneously displacing the maxillary sinus laterally. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the big-nose variant phenomenon and suggest a morphology classification system. Diagnostic anatomical evaluation was performed in a tertiary medical center on 321 randomly selected maxillary cone beam computerized tomography scans of patients who presented at an oral and maxillofacial department. Two anatomical categories were defined for anatomical identification: classes for horizontal mesiodistal distribution, and divisions for vertical distribution. Class 2, defined as location of the nasal/sinus border between the distal edge of the canine up to the distal edge of second premolar, was found to be the most prevalent (64.6%). Class 3, defined as location of the nasal/sinus border distal to mesial edge of the first molar, was found in 17.9% of cases. Regarding the divisions category, in 96% and 58.2% of teeth examined, nasal cavity alone was found to be superior to the canine and first premolar, respectively, defined as Division A. In 46.9% and 85.6% of teeth examined, maxillary sinus alone was located above the second premolar and first molar, respectively, defined as Division C. Identifying Class 3 on the paraxial reconstruction is the first step in identifying big-nose variant, with further assurance gained from each determining division. The use of the classes and divisions may enable better maxillary treatment planning, alert surgeons for the unexpected, and avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Haj Yahya
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Private Clinic, Herzliya 4672211, Israel;
| | - Dror Bar-Hai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (D.B.-H.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Gavriel Chaushu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (D.B.-H.); (G.C.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Yafit Hamzani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; (D.B.-H.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-937-7207
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13
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Kim S, Ward LA, Butaric LN, Maddux SD. Ancestry-based variation in maxillary sinus anatomy: Implications for health disparities in sinonasal disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:18-36. [PMID: 33890723 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Paranasal sinus drainage is mediated by mucociliary transport and gravity. However, human orthograde posture, along with the superior positioning of the maxillary sinus (MS) ostium, increases reliance on the mucociliary system. Previous research has thus suggested that differences in MS size and shape may impede mucociliary clearance, potentially contributing to disparities in sinusitis susceptibility. To further investigate this hypothesis, this study collected 29 three-dimensional (3D) coordinate landmarks and seven linear measurements of MS morphology from 167 computed tomography (CT) scans of crania of European, East Asian, or Equatorial African ancestry. MANOVA results reveal the Asian-derived individuals are characterized by both a significantly taller MS (F = 14.15, p < 0.0001) and a significantly greater distance from the MS floor to the ostium (F = 17.22, p < 0.0001) compared to those of European and African ancestry. A canonical variate (CV) analysis conducted on 3D landmark data provides corroborative results, distinguishing Asian-derived individuals predominantly on the basis of a relatively lower MS floor. As a greater distance between the MS floor and ostium may impede mucociliary clearance, our results suggest MS anatomy may be a more prominent factor in chronic sinusitis among individuals of Asian ancestry compared to those of European and African ancestries. This provides tentative evidence of an anatomical etiology for chronic sinusitis even in the absence of anatomical variants/abnormalities (e.g., nasal polyps, concha bullosa, Haller's cells, and Agger nasi cells). Further research into the relationship between MS anatomy and sinusitis, in addition to socioeconomic inequalities of healthcare, is warranted to continue evaluating possible contributions to health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhhyun Kim
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lyndee A Ward
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott D Maddux
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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14
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Stansfield E, Mitteroecker P, Vasilyev SY, Vasilyev S, Butaric LN. Respiratory adaptation to climate in modern humans and Upper Palaeolithic individuals from Sungir and Mladeč. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7997. [PMID: 33846400 PMCID: PMC8042039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As our human ancestors migrated into Eurasia, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to this climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Based on these data, we assess climate adaptations in two crucial Upper Palaeolithic human fossils, Sungir and Mladeč, associated with a boreal-to-temperate climate. We found several aspects of facial shape, especially the relative dimensions of the external nose, internal nose and maxillary sinuses, that are strongly associated with temperature and humidity, even after accounting for autocorrelation due to geographical proximity of populations. For these features, both fossils revealed adaptations to a dry environment, with Sungir being strongly associated with cold temperatures and Mladeč with warm-to-hot temperatures. These results suggest relatively quick adaptative rates of facial morphology in Upper Palaeolithic Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Stansfield
- Unit of Theoretical Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philipp Mitteroecker
- Unit of Theoretical Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergey Y Vasilyev
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Vasilyev
- Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, USA
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15
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Prevalence and morphometric analysis of the alveolar antral artery in a group of Thai population by cone beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2020; 37:452-462. [PMID: 32852656 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence, diameter, and position of the alveolar antral artery (AAA) canals and measure the distances from the canal to the maxillary sinus floor and to the edentulous alveolar crest in each posterior maxillary tooth locations by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS CBCT images of the posterior maxillary region from 280 patients were investigated. The prevalence and diameter of the AAA canal were evaluated. The perpendicular distances from the canal to the maxillary sinus floor and to the edentulous alveolar crest of each tooth locations were measured. The mediolateral positions and routes of the canals were observed with novel classification. Statistical analyses were carried out to determine any significant differences in mean distances between the tooth locations along with mean distances of tooth location by age, gender, and dentate status. RESULTS The AAA canal was found in 94.6% with a mean diameter ± SD of 1.05 ± 0.34 mm. The mean ± SD perpendicular distance from AAA canal to the edentulous alveolar crest at the first (16.02 ± 3.94 mm) and the second molars (16.74 ± 3.51 mm) were significantly shorter than the second premolar region. The intrasinus mediolateral position of the canal (72.5%) was the most common in concordance with the all-in type mediolateral route (50.9%). CONCLUSION The intrasinus mediolateral position of the AAA canal is a common structure in the lateral wall of maxillary sinus, which could be detected with CBCT images. The all-in type is the most prevalent mediolateral route among a novel 7-type classification system of AAA routes. Owing to the short distance between the AAA canal and the alveolar crest in the first and second molar locations, CBCT images should be taken to investigate the AAA position and route before sinus lift procedure to prevent the risk of hemorrhage.
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Pérez Sayáns M, Suárez Quintanilla JA, Chamorro Petronacci CM, Suárez Peñaranda JM, López Jornet P, Gómez García F, Guerrero Sánchez Y. Volumetric study of the maxillary sinus in patients with sinus pathology. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234915. [PMID: 32555640 PMCID: PMC7302704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the results to the contralateral sinus and 2) to determine the importance of the volumetric measures when diagnosing the percentage of sinus obliteration. Materials and methods A single-centre observational retrospective clinical study was conducted in 214 patients with clinically unilateral sinus pathologies. Linear (mm), area (mm2) and volume (mm3) measurements were taken from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the affected sinus as well as from the contralateral ones. Histopathological study was performed using haematoxylin/eosin and PAS or Groccot stains. The lesions were classified into non-specific sinusitis, polyps, inverted papilloma, fungal sinusitis, cysts, mucocele and other lesions. Chi-squared test, ANOVA for independent samples and Pearson test were used for the statistical analysis. Results A total of 100 sinuses were measured in 50 patients (28 men and 22 women, with an age of 43.6 years (SD = 18.3), 50 pathological and 50 healthy contralateral sinuses. The three-dimensional occupation volume of the affected sinuses was 97.1 mm3 (62.5%) vs. 40.6 mm3 (22.8%) in the healthy ones (p<0.0001). The medial-lateral width of the sinus in the frontal plane was significantly higher in the cysts group (32.4 mm, CI: 23–41.8 mm). Conclusion In medical terms, the global percentage of occupation determined using the classic manual determination method does not differ from the three-dimensional percentage calculated using specific complex software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes Group), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan A. Suárez Quintanilla
- Area of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - José M. Suárez Peñaranda
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Complex of Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pía López Jornet
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Research Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez García
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Research Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria Hospital Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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