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García Pérez A, Villanueva Gutiérrez T, González-Aragón Pineda AE, Murillo Santos KL, Pérez Pérez NG. Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization Is Associated with the Prevalence of Thinness among Schoolchildren in Communities with Different Fluoride Levels in the Drinking Water. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:6212877. [PMID: 39036520 PMCID: PMC11259503 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6212877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and the prevalence of thinness among Mexican schoolchildren in communities with different fluoride levels in the drinking water. Methods A cross-sectional study on Mexican children (n = 488) selected from two communities presenting different concentrations of fluoride in the drinking water (1.0-1.40 ppm/F). The World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards were used to calculate BMI-for-age z-scores, with BMI z-score cutoff points of <-2.0, >+1.0, >+2.0 recommended for defining thinness, being overweight, and obesity. The presence and severity of MIH were evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association, adjusting for confounders. Results The proportion of children presenting thinness, being overweight, and obesity was 8.2%, 23.6%, and 28.7%, respectively, while 21.5% of the schoolchildren had MIH, classified, by severity, as 9.6% mild, 6.4% moderate, and 5.5% severe. Of those schoolchildren presenting thinness, 16.2% had MIH, and only 6.0% did not (p < 0.001). Finally, schoolchildren presenting thinness were more likely to present MIH (OR = 2.76 (CI 95% 1.33-5.73); p=0.006) than children with a normal BMI. Conclusion The present study found a relationship between thinness and the presence of MIH in schoolchildren, indicating the need for strategies and interventions aimed at preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in the child population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro García Pérez
- Laboratory of Public Health ResearchFaculty of Higher Studies (FES)National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Iztacala, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Lizbeth Murillo Santos
- Pediatric Stomatology SpecialtiesFaculty of Higher Studies (FES) IztacalaNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nora Guillermina Pérez Pérez
- Laboratory of Public Health ResearchFaculty of Higher Studies (FES)National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Iztacala, Mexico
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Padmanabhan V, Baroudi K, Abdulla S, Hesham S, Ahmed Elsayed M, Mustahsen Rahman M, Islam MS. Association of Body Mass Index and Chronology of Tooth Eruption in Children visiting a Dental Hospital in UAE: A Cross-sectional Study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:810-814. [PMID: 38766283 PMCID: PMC11096597 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study at RAK College of Dental Sciences, UAE, involved 89 children aged 6-14 years. Erupted teeth in the mouth were included. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, was conducted using SPSS version 29, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Results: Out of 89 children (41 girls and 48 boys) in the study, 56.17 % had normal weight, 20.22 % were overweight, 17.97 % were underweight, and 5.6 % were obese. Female children generally experienced earlier permanent tooth eruption than males. Additionally, there was an observed trend of earlier tooth eruption with increasing weight or BMI. Underweight children notably displayed a delayed mean age of tooth eruption. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a notable correlation between BMI and the mean age at which permanent teeth erupt in school-going children aged 6 to 14 years who visited our dental hospital. To establish a more precise understanding of the connection between BMI and dental development, we recommend conducting further longitudinal studies involving multiple centers. Clinical Significance: Monitoring a child's BMI is crucial for assessing dental health and planning tailored treatment for those aged 6 to 14. Understanding the BMI's connection to permanent tooth eruption timing allows dental professionals to identify trends in early or delayed development. This enables them to customize treatment strategies, promoting a precise and personalized approach for better oral health outcomes in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Padmanabhan
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Collaborating Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Taubate, Taubate, Brazil
| | - Shamsa Abdulla
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sarah Hesham
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Mustahsen Rahman
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Sofiqul Islam
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
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Park TH, Lin JH, Chung CH, Zheng Z, Li C. The skeletal and dental age advancements of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 164:325-339. [PMID: 37367707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decades, a trend of increasing obesity among children has emerged. This study aimed to evaluate and summarize the impacts of overweight and obesity on children's and adolescents' skeletal and dental developmental advancement that may influence orthodontic management. METHODS Registered with the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration no. CRD42022347488), this study complies with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Particularly, relevant original studies on skeletal or dental age evaluation were screened from accessible electronic databases and supplemented by hand-searching. Meta-analysis was recruited to calculate differences (and their 95% confidence interval [CI]) between subjects with overweight or obese and normal-weight counterparts. RESULTS After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles were selected for the final review. Two of the 17 selected studies were found to have a high risk of bias and moderate the other 15. A meta-analysis detected no statistically significant difference in skeletal age between children and adolescents with overweight and normal-weight counterparts (P = 0.24). However, the dental age of children and adolescents with overweight was found to be 0.49 years (95% CI, 0.29-0.70) advanced in comparison with normal-weight counterparts (P <0.00001). In contrast, children and adolescents with obesity were found to have advanced skeletal age by 1.17 (95% CI, 0.48-1.86) years (P = 0.0009) and dental age by 0.56 (95% CI, 0.37-0.76) years (P <0.00001) compared with their normal-weight counterparts. CONCLUSION Because the orthopedic outcomes of the orthodontic intervention are closely tied to the skeletal age of the patients, these results suggest that the orthodontic evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity might occur earlier than that of the normal-weight population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany H Park
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jia-Hong Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Zhong Zheng
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Klingberg G, Benchimol D, Berlin H, Bring J, Gornitzki C, Odeberg J, Tranæus S, Twetman S, Wernersson E, Östlund P, Domeij H. How old are you? A systematic review investigating the relationship between age and mandibular third molar maturity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285252. [PMID: 37200251 PMCID: PMC10194975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Radiographic evaluation of the maturity of mandibular third molars is a common method used for age estimation of adolescents and young adults. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the scientific base for the relationship between a fully matured mandibular third molar based on Demirjian's method and chronological age, in order to assess whether an individual is above or below the age of 18 years. METHODS The literature search was conducted in six databases until February 2022 for studies reporting data evaluating the tooth maturity using Demirjian´s method (specifically stage H) within populations ranging from 8 to 30 years (chronological age). Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts identified through the search strategy independently. All studies of potential relevance according to the inclusion criteria were obtained in full text, after which they were assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Any disagreement was resolved by a discussion. Two reviewers independently evaluated the risk of bias using the assessment tool QUADAS-2 and extracted the data from the studies with low or moderate risk of bias. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between chronological age and proportion of subjects with a fully matured mandibular third molar (Demirjian´s tooth stage H). RESULTS A total of 15 studies with low or moderate risk of bias were included in the review. The studies were conducted in 13 countries and the chronological age of the investigated participants ranged from 3 to 27 years and the number of participants ranged between 208 and 5,769. Ten of the studies presented the results as mean age per Demirjian´s tooth stage H, but only five studies showed the distribution of developmental stages according to validated age. The proportion of subjects with a mandibular tooth in Demirjian´s tooth stage H at 18 years ranged from 0% to 22% among males and 0 to 16% in females. Since the studies were too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis or a meaningful narrative review, we decided to refrain from a GRADE assessment. CONCLUSION The identified literature does not provide scientific evidence for the relationship between Demirjian´s stage H of a mandibular third molar and chronologic age in order to assess if an individual is under or above the age of 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Klingberg
- Faculty of Odontology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Benchimol
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Henrik Berlin
- Faculty of Odontology, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Carl Gornitzki
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Odeberg
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Tranæus
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment–Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Svante Twetman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Wernersson
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Östlund
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment–Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Helena Domeij
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Odontology, Health Technology Assessment–Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Evaluation of the Relationship between the BMI and the Sequence and Chronology of Eruption in Permanent Dentition in Spanish Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061046. [PMID: 35742098 PMCID: PMC9222528 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the relationship between BMI (body mass index) and the sequence and chronology of the eruption of permanent teeth in a sample of Spanish children. Methods: The study design was descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and epidemiological. Patients of pediatric age were included. Emerged teeth, and patient’s age, race, and sex were recorded. The nutritional status of the child was assessed by calculating the BMI, according to the WHO parameters. Statistical analysis was carried out with a confidence interval of 95%. A prediction model with logistic regression models was obtained. Results: A total of 725 pediatric patients between 4 and 14 years old were analyzed. BMI acts as a predictor variable for eruption symmetry, as it was most frequent in overweight children (p < 0.001). The probability of symmetry in dental eruption increases for South American children, for an extra month of age, and each meter of height. BMI had an influence in the first tooth to appear only in the fourth quadrant. BMI did not seem to influence present teeth, and the sequence of permanent dental eruption was not influenced by the BMI category. Conclusions: Age, weight, height, and BMI act as significant predictors for eruption symmetry. BMI does not produce alterations in the eruption sequence of the permanent dentition.
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A critical test of twelve methods for estimating age using radiographic staging of developing teeth on a sample of 6- to 15-year-old children from Mérida, Yucatán (México). Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2457-2467. [PMID: 34477923 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cross-population applicability of osteological and dental methods is a known issue in forensic anthropology, but very little is known about whether differences between populations are due to ancestry, environment effects, or even the statistical approach utilized for developing the methods. This study wishes to add to the discussion of population-specificity of dental age estimation methods and examine the impact of their statistical basis on their accuracy and precision. These parameters were estimated by testing 12 different dental age estimation techniques on a sample of 182 panoramic radiographs of children between the ages of 6 and 15 years (110 girls and 72 boys) from the city of Mérida in Yucatán, México. None of the 12 methods selected is based on Mexican samples. Dental maturation was scored following and methods tested employed two dental scoring schemes: Moorrees, Fanning, and Hunt's (MFH) 13-/14-stage system and Demirjian's 8-stage system. Results show that methods derived from more geographically specific groups do not fare better or worse than methods developed on more diverse and inclusive international samples, even if no methods specific to Mexicans were tested. While some of the methods performed very well, and they were not based on a Mexican sample, this suggests that population-specific dental age estimation methods may be relatively unimportant or that population differences in dental maturation are very small. Other issues seemed to have a greater impact on accuracy and precision, such as age dependency, inclusion of the third molar in age assessments, age truncation and age heaping in reference samples, the dental scoring scheme used, and how predicted age is calculated mathematically. As such, findings in this study suggest that validation tests of age estimation methods may not be a useful or reliable means to assess population differences and that these differences need to be more systematically assessed if an argument is to be made for the increased accuracy and precision of population-specific methods. The statistical basis of dental prediction methods seems to have a more significant role in their accuracy and precision outside of their reference sample.
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Reis CLB, Barbosa MCF, Henklein S, Madalena IR, de Lima DC, Oliveira MAHM, Küchler EC, de Oliveira DSB. Nutritional Status is Associated with Permanent Tooth Eruption in a Group of Brazilian School Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211034088. [PMID: 34350311 PMCID: PMC8295946 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211034088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status with delayed tooth eruption (DTE). Oral examination was performed in schoolchildren (8-11 years old), and DTE was defined by absence of dental gingival emergence or when primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after the expected time. BMI z-score of each child were collected and nutritional status was defined. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated. The established alpha was 5%. Among 353 included children, 247 were classified as eutrophic, 16 as underweight, 64 as overweight, and 26 as obese. Underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (P = .014; OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.3-9.8), and underweight girls had more chance to present DTE than eutrophic girls (P = .048; OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1-17.2) in chi square test. In logistic regression, underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (OR = 4.21; CI 95% = 1.42-12.43; P = .009). Underweight children have a higher risk of DTE in permanents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio L B Reis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariane C F Barbosa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suelyn Henklein
- Department of Dentistry, University of the Region of Joinville-Univille, Joinville, Brazil
| | - Isabela R Madalena
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela C de Lima
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Maria A H M Oliveira
- Department Master's Program of Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Uberaba-UNIUBE, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela S B de Oliveira
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
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Spake L, Hoppa RD, Blau S, Cardoso HFV. Lack of biological mortality bias in the timing of dental formation in contemporary children: Implications for the study of past populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 174:646-660. [PMID: 33393681 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biological mortality bias is the idea that individuals who perish (non-survivors) are biologically distinct from those who survive (survivors). If biological mortality bias is large enough, bioarchaeological studies of nonsurvivors (skeletal samples) cannot accurately represent the experiences of the survivors of that population. This effect is particularly problematic for the study of juvenile individuals, as growth is particularly sensitive to environmental insults. In this study, we test whether biological mortality bias exists in one dimension of growth, namely dental development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmortem computed tomography scans of 206 children aged 12 years and younger at death were collected from two institutions in the United States and Australia. The sample was separated into children dying from natural causes as proxies for non-survivors and from accidental causes as proxies for survivors. Differences in the timing of dental development were assessed using sequential logistic regressions between dental formation stages and residual analysis of dental minus chronological age. RESULTS No consistent delay in age of attainment of dental stages was documented between survivors and non-survivors. Delays between survivors and non-survivors in dental relative to chronological age were greatest for infants, and were greater for females than for males. DISCUSSION Lack of biological mortality bias in dental development reinforces confidence in juvenile age estimates and therefore in skeletal growth profiles and growth studies. As dental development is known to be less environmentally sensitive than skeletal growth and development, further studies should examine biological mortality bias in long bone length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Spake
- Religion Programme and Centre for Research on Evolution, Belief and Behaviour, University of Otago, Dunedinm, New Zealand
| | - Robert D Hoppa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Soren Blau
- Forensic Services, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Australia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugo F V Cardoso
- Department of Archaeology and Centre for Forensic Research, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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