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Asmaro K, Yoo F, Yassin-Kassab A, Bazydlo M, Robin AM, Rock JP, Craig JR. Sinonasal Packing is Not a Requisite for Successful Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair. Skull Base Surg 2021; 83:476-484. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Numerous methods have been described to repair nasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Most studies have focused on optimizing CSF leak repair success, leading to closure rates of 90 to 95%.
Objective This study aimed to determine if excellent reconstruction rates could be achieved without using sinonasal packing.
Methods A prospective case series of 73 consecutive patients with various CSF leak etiologies and skull base defects was conducted to evaluate reconstruction success without sinonasal packing. The primary outcome measure was postoperative CSF leak. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative epistaxis requiring intervention in operating room or emergency department, infectious sinusitis, and 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) changes.
Results Mean age was 54.5 years and 64% were female. Multilayered reconstructions were performed in 55.3% of cases, with collagen or bone epidural inlay grafts, and nasal mucosal grafts or nasoseptal flaps for onlay layers. Onlay-only reconstructions with mucosal grafts or nasoseptal flaps were performed in 44.7% of cases. Tissue sealants were used in all cases, and lumbar drains were used in 40.8% of cases. There were two initial failures (97.4% initial success), but both resolved with lumbar drains alone (no revision surgeries). There were no instances of postoperative epistaxis requiring intervention in the operating room or emergency department. Infectious sinusitis occurred in 2.7% of patients in the first 3 months postoperatively. SNOT-22 did not change significantly from preoperatively to first postoperative visits, then improved over time.
Conclusion Nasal CSF leaks from various etiologies and defect sites were successfully repaired without using sinonasal packing, and patients experienced minimal sinonasal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Asmaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Frederick Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Michael Bazydlo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Adam M. Robin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jack P. Rock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John R. Craig
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, Bleier B, DeConde A, Luong AU, Poetker DM, Soler Z, Welch KC, Wise SK, Adappa N, Alt JA, Anselmo-Lima WT, Bachert C, Baroody FM, Batra PS, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Beswick D, Bhattacharyya N, Chandra RK, Chang EH, Chiu A, Chowdhury N, Citardi MJ, Cohen NA, Conley DB, DelGaudio J, Desrosiers M, Douglas R, Eloy JA, Fokkens WJ, Gray ST, Gudis DA, Hamilos DL, Han JK, Harvey R, Hellings P, Holbrook EH, Hopkins C, Hwang P, Javer AR, Jiang RS, Kennedy D, Kern R, Laidlaw T, Lal D, Lane A, Lee HM, Lee JT, Levy JM, Lin SY, Lund V, McMains KC, Metson R, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Oakley G, Otori N, Palmer JN, Parikh SR, Passali D, Patel Z, Peters A, Philpott C, Psaltis AJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Ramanathan M, Roh HJ, Rudmik L, Sacks R, Schlosser RJ, Sedaghat AR, Senior BA, Sindwani R, Smith K, Snidvongs K, Stewart M, Suh JD, Tan BK, Turner JH, van Drunen CM, Voegels R, Wang DY, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Wright ED, Yan C, Zhang L, Zhou B. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:213-739. [PMID: 33236525 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence-based findings of the document. METHODS ICAR-RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence-based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. RESULTS ICAR-RS-2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence-based management algorithm is provided. CONCLUSION This ICAR-RS-2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amber U Luong
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Zachary Soler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Claus Bachert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yatsen University, Gangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Gudis
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Richard Harvey
- University of New South Wales and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amin R Javer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - Kevin C McMains
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- IDIBAPS Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alkis J Psaltis
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Luke Rudmik
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Sacks
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Carol Yan
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lehmann AE, Raquib AR, Siddiqi SH, Meier J, Durand ML, Gray ST, Holbrook EH. Prophylactic antibiotics after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled noninferiority clinical trial. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:1047-1055. [PMID: 33340285 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons commonly prescribe prophylactic antibiotics after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), yet minimal data exist to support this practice. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of post-ESS antibiotics on infection, quality of life (QOL), and endoscopic scores. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, noninferiority trial comparing amoxicillin-clavulanate vs placebo after ESS (NCT01919411, ClinicalTrials.gov). Adults (N = 77) with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to appropriate medical therapy who underwent ESS were randomized to antibiotics (N = 37) or placebo (N = 40) and followed clinically (mean ± standard deviation: 1.3 ± 0.3 and 8.8 ± 3.9 weeks postoperatively). At baseline and follow-up, QOL was measured with 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test questionnaires and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores were evaluated. Outcomes were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance and z tests for proportions. RESULTS Placebo was noninferior to antibiotic prophylaxis with regard to postoperative SNOT-22 scores (β = 0.18, 2-tailed p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the antibiotic and placebo groups in LK score trajectories over time (p = 0.63) or in postoperative infection rates (2.6% vs 2.4%, respectively; p = 0.96). The rate of diarrhea was significantly higher in the antibiotic group (24.3% vs 2.5%; relative risk = 10.8; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Although statistically underpowered, the results suggest placebo was noninferior to prophylactic antibiotics after ESS for CRS regarding postoperative sinonasal-specific QOL. There were no significant differences in postoperative endoscopic scores or rates of infection, but the rate of diarrhea was significantly higher in the antibiotic group. These findings add to the growing evidence that routine use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics does not improve outcomes post-ESS and significantly increases the rate of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton E Lehmann
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Aaishah R Raquib
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josh Meier
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV.,Nevada ENT and Hearing Associates, Reno, NV
| | - Marlene L Durand
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey T Gray
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Jain R, Hoggard M, Zoing M, Jiang Y, Biswas K, Taylor MW, Douglas RG. The effect of medical treatments on the bacterial microbiome in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:890-899. [PMID: 29517178 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics and corticosteroids are prescribed to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) to reduce bacterial burden and mucosal inflammation. Unfortunately, clinical improvement is often short-lived and symptoms frequently recur following cessation of treatment. The impact of these systemic therapies on bacterial communities is not well understood. Improved knowledge of how medical therapies influence the intranasal ecosystem may allow for more effective prescribing and the development of more targeted treatments. METHODS Twenty patients with CRS were randomized to receive either doxycycline 100 mg twice daily or prednisone 30 mg once daily for 7 days. A further 6 patients with CRS were recruited as untreated controls. Swabs were taken immediately before and after the study period. Symptom scores (22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT-22]) were recorded. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-targeted amplicon sequencing. Bacterial abundance was estimated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S rRNA gene copies. RESULTS Bacterial profiles were dominated by members of the genera Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Patients treated with either doxycycline or prednisone had variable and unpredictable changes in communities. The average relative abundance of Propionibacterium increased after treatment in the doxycycline treatment group, and Corynebacterium reduced in the prednisone group. Significant differences in clinical scores, bacterial community richness, diversity, and bacterial abundance were not seen after treatment. CONCLUSION The short-term response of bacterial communities to antibiotic or corticosteroid therapy is unpredictable. This study suggests that the use of systemic therapy in patients with stable CRS should be rationalized to minimize antibiotic-associated morbidity and bacterial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jain
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hoggard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Zoing
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael W Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G Douglas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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